Signal Classes (Energy & Power)

 Example of electrical resistance:

The square of the voltage or the current is a measure for the converted power, i.e. the following applies:

Energy & Energy Signals

In systems theory, the energy of a signal is defined (minimalistically) as:


 x(t )
2
Ex  dt


 In words: The energy of a signal is "the total area under its square".
 A signal becomes Energy signal called if it has a finite energy,
ie if: E.x <∞ .

Power & Power Signals

In systems theory, the power of a signal is defined as:
T

1 2
Px  lim  x(t ) dt
2

T  T  T
2

 In words: The power of a signal is "the average height of its square".

 A signal becomes Power signal called if it has a finite power,
ie if: P.x <∞ .
The power is used to describe signals using infinite Energy (e.g. the sine signal) is required.

Note: The amount bars are of course only required for complex signals!

Systemtheory WS22, Prof. Dr. R. Hirn 8

 Ü1.1 Signal Classes
a) Draw the version u(-t) mirrored to the signal u(t), as well as also
its even and odd part uG(t) and uu(t).

b) Calculate the power of a sinusoidal signal sin (t) using the integral calculus

Systemtheory WS22, Prof. Dr. R. Hirn 10

 Standard Test Functions
Step function:
  (t) = 1, t  0
 (t) = 0 , t <0
Other terms in the literature is also σ (t).

Ramp function:
  (t) = t ∙  (t)

Rectangle and triangle function:

 rectT(t) = 1, - T/2 < t < T/2
rectT(t) = 0 , otherwise
 T[t] = 1- |t/T|, |t| <T
= 0, | t | > T
 For T = 1 the basic function are obtained
rect(t) and (t).

si-function:
 si (t) = sin (t)/t

Systemtheory WS22, Prof. Dr. R. Hirn 11