Engineering Design

CVE10007 29/05/2023

Rajitha Jayawardane

Kalindu Pabasara 103816514

Shwetha Weerasinghe 104511483

Senura Wijesundara 104335269

Dinith Kaveesha 104311599

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PROJECT RAM PUMP

SHWETHA WEERASINGHE – 104511483

DINITH KAVEESHA – 104311599
SERURA WIJESUNDARA – 104335269
KALINDU PABASARA – 103816514

1
Contents
1: INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................................4
1.1. EWB project in brief. ..................................................................................4
1.2. BACKGROUND RESEARCH. .................................................................4
1.3. Cairns............................................................................................................5
1.3.1. Annual Rainfall. ....................................................................................5
1.3.2. Weather and Seasons. ...........................................................................6
1.3.3. Springs and water streams. ..................................................................6
1.4. The Port Douglas .........................................................................................7
1.4.1. Annual Rainfall. ....................................................................................7
2: Literature Review ................................................................................................8
2.1. Introduction. ................................................................................................8
2.2. Patents. .........................................................................................................8
2.2.1. Facade rainwater harvesting system (US 2011/0017301 A1). ...........8
2.2.2. Constant Pressure Rainwater Harvesting Distribution
Device and System (US20100288375A1) .........................................................9
2.2.3. Garden watering device (AU2010330818B2) ...................................10
2.3. Customer reviews for existing products ..................................................11
2.4. About EWB challenge ...............................................................................11
2.5. Problem Identification ..............................................................................12
2.6. CARDS Evaluation on need identification .............................................12
3: RAM PUMP .......................................................................................................13
3.1. Need Analysis ...............................................................................................13
3.2. Specifications ................................................................................................13
3.3. Scope..............................................................................................................14
3.4. Q.F.D. ............................................................................................................15
3.5. Mind map......................................................................................................15
3.6. W.B.S.............................................................................................................16
3.7. Gantt chart ...................................................................................................16

2
4: ALTANATIVE DESIGN CONSEPTS .............................................................17
4.1. 1st Concept. ...................................................................................................17
4.2. 2nd Concept ...................................................................................................17
4.3. 3rd Concept ....................................................................................................17
4.4. Evaluation Criteria of design alternatives.................................................18
5: Material selection ...............................................................................................19
5.1. High density polyethylene ...........................................................................19
5.2. Aluminum .....................................................................................................19
5.3. Silicon ............................................................................................................19
5.4. Material selection by GrantaEdupack .......................................................19
5.4.1. [Appendix 5 – selection of HDPE] ........................................................19
5.4.2. [Appendix 6 – selection of Al] ...............................................................19
5.4.3. [Appendix 7 – selection of silicon] ........................................................19
6: Bill of Materials and sample drawings ............................................................19
6.1. [Appendix 8 – Bill of materials]..................................................................19
6.2. [Appendix 9 - Gasket] ..................................................................................19
6.3. [Appendix 10 – Impulse Valve] ..................................................................19
6.4. [Appendix 11 – Non-return valve] .............................................................19
7: Mechanism..........................................................................................................20
8: Risk Assessment .................................................................................................21
9: Cost analysis .......................................................................................................21
10: Delimitations ...................................................................................................22
11: Eco – Audit........................................................................................................23
12: Appendix ...........................................................................................................24
13: Tables ................................................................................................................29
References ...............................................................................................................31

3
1: INTRODUCTION

1.1. EWB project in brief.

The most important details are that there is interest in a sustainable, affordable and low-impact
rainwater harvesting system to support bush tucker gardening within the hub on a small scale for
community use. Teams should consider how irrigation can continue to be provided when there is
not enough rain or in drier months while keeping user input to a minimum. Additionally, teams
should design the nursery itself to demonstrate how the rainwater harvesting system services it
depends on the design.
1.2. BACKGROUND RESEARCH.
In Queensland, Cairns region and The Port Douglas town are suffering by the lack of water in the
Dry season.

(Rainfall in Queensland)

4
1.3. Cairns
Cairns faces water scarcity due to limited rainfall and climate change, resulting in year-round
drying of springs and streams. Population growth and limited water storage require constant
conservation measures, especially for irrigation.
1.3.1. Annual Rainfall.
Tropical weather characterizes Cairns, with milder, drier Winters and typically hotter, more
humid Summers. 1992 mm of rain fall annually on average fall across 154 days. The warmer
months of January through March in Cairn are when it rains the most.
➢ Cairns Regional Councill has introduced some projects to manage water through
Cairns as below,
I. Cairns Water Security Stage 1 Project (CWSS1)

The key components of the project are,

 A new water intake at the Mulgrave River, Gordonvale.
 A new Water Treatment Plant (WTP) at north Gordonvale.
 New water reservoirs at the WTP site.
 A network of pipelines to take raw water from the water intake to the WTP
and treated water to residents throughout the Cairns region.
 Associated works to improve the treatment of the existing Behana Creek
water supply.

5
II.Leak Detection Program 2022-2025
Cairns Regional council is conducting a leak detection program to identify
leaks and repair them.
1.3.2. Weather and Seasons.
Cairns experiences hot and humid summers and mild and dry winters. The average
annual maximum temperature is 29°C (84.2°F), with 62% humidity.
The four seasons in Cairns as follows,
➢ Summer (December to February)
During summer the average temperature is around 23.6oC to 31.4oC. Most of the
region’s annual rainfall (1992mm) is recorded within the summer months.
➢ Autumn (March to May).
In the autumn also it is very warm and the temperature is between 21.5 – 29oC
and however the weather can be windy until August. Although rain subsides from
April.
➢ Winter (June to August)
In the winter the temperature is slightly cooler, and the humidity is also lower.
Also, the rainfall is lower in the winter season.
➢ Spring (September to November)
This is the end of the dry season, and the humidity starts to build with the start of
wet season from December.

1.3.3. Springs and water streams.

There are some major rivers in Cairns,
1) Barron River - 165km
2) Russell River - 59km
3) Mitchell River - 750km
4) Mulgrave River - 70km
5) Daintree River - 140km
6) Tully River - 133km
7) Mossman River - 24km

6
1.4. The Port Douglas
Port Douglas enforces water restrictions in the dry season due to decreased intake from
Rex Creek, impacting tourism and related businesses. Population growth will exhaust
water entitlements by 2025-2026. Additional storage and sustainable water supply are
crucial for long-term sustainability.

1.4.1. Annual Rainfall.

The annual rainfall in the Port Douglas is around 2028.1mm and the rainfall on average
fall across 103 days. The months from December to April, the rain fall is higher than
other months.

7
2: Literature Review

2.1.Introduction.
From the past Aboriginal people in Queensland did many things to collect rain water in
the rainy season and consumed in the dry season. Some of them are,
• Rock holes
• Tree roots
• Impoundments
• Soaks
Rainwater harvesting has evolved with modern technology, utilizing methods like roof
gutters, tanks, façade panels, and even floating devices at sea. Artificial intelligence is also
applied in water management systems, exemplified by automatic water distributors. This
technological advancement marks a significant journey in water harvesting.

2.2.Patents.

2.2.1. Facade rainwater harvesting system (US 2011/0017301 A1).

Inventor: Donald H. Canavan

Pub. Date: 2011-01-27
Status: Abandoned

[Appendix 1]
Fig. 1 – Front view of Facade rainwater harvesting system
Fig. 2 – Storage tank
Fig. 3 – Side view of Facade rainwater harvesting system
Fig. 4 – Façade panel
Abstract
Facade cladding collects rainwater, directing it into vertical mullions and then to a
basement collection system. This innovative method enables urban buildings to
efficiently collect rainwater and reduce water usage.

Summary of the invention

8
 Urban buildings utilize a unique rainwater harvesting system with facade panels, but
it may not be suitable for Aboriginal communities in North Queensland due to the
absence of tall structures.

References
Google patents
<https://patents.google.com/patent/US20110017301A1/en?q=(rain+water+harvestin
g+system)&oq=rain+water+harvesting+system >

2.2.2. Constant Pressure Rainwater Harvesting Distribution Device and System

(US20100288375A1)

Inventor: Kyle Emmett Thomas

Pub date: 2010-11-18
Status: Abandoned

Abstract
This innovation ensures consistent water pressure in rainwater harvesting systems
through a device and sensors, improving efficiency and sustainability.
Summary of the invention
This rainwater harvesting system utilizes a vessel connected to a spring, providing
constant pressure for water output. However, it is unsuitable for our project due to limited
water storage capacity.
Reference
Google Patents
<
https://patents.google.com/patent/US20100288375A1/en?q=(rain+water+harvesting+system)&o
q=(rain+water+harvesting+system)+ >

9
2.2.3. Garden watering device (AU2010330818B2)
Inventor: Andrew Ahr, John Helmsderfer, Nicholas Jeffers, Nothan Maggard
Pub. Date; 2017 – 05 – 07
Status: Ceased

Abstract
The garden watering tool can be used on the ground or held in hand. It has a handle, a water
inlet, and a multi-pattern head for spraying. It also has a flow selector for directing water to
the head or an elongate tube with discharge outlets.
Summary of the invention
The garden watering device has a body with a water inlet and handle. It has a multi-pattern
head, an elongate tube with outlets, and a flow selector.
Reference
https://patents.google.com/patent/AU2010330818B2/en?q=(hand+shower+garden+hose)&oq
=hand+shower+for+garden+hose

10
2.3.Customer reviews for existing products

References – amazon.com , eBay, Ali-express

2.4.About EWB challenge

The 2023 EWB Challenge, in partnership with Dawul Wuru Aboriginal Corporation,
supports local Aboriginal Traditional owners. The project aims to maintain wellbeing,
culture, and land of the Yirrganydji people in Far North Queensland

11
2.5.Problem Identification
The project aims to design a simple and affordable ram pump for rainwater harvesting
that addresses the issues faced by Aboriginal people in North Queensland..

2.6.CARDS Evaluation on need identification

12
3: RAM PUMP
3.1. Need Analysis

3.2. Specifications

13
3.3. Scope
Justification
After reviewing the literature and background research, it was found that various inventions for
rainwater harvesting and distribution have been implemented by the Queensland government and
Cairns Regional Council. However, issues such as rusting, lack of durability, and improper
functioning exist. Addressing these problems can enhance project efficiency.
Product scope description
Existing DIY pumps and all other suffer from water wastage, difficulty in repairs, low durability,
and low water pressure. Our product addresses these issues with an overflow water collecting
chamber and an adjustable second valve.
[table 1]

Acceptance criteria
• Since this pump is use to pump collected water from rain and we have to reduce the
wastage of water. Therefore, we the pump should include a overflow water collecting
tank
• Also, the water pressure can adjuster should fix to the second valve
• The pump is slightly light weight that can move and connect to a water inlet easily

Deliverables
• Overflow tank: Reducing the water wastage because the water is collected from rain and
have to use efficiently.
• Valve adjuster: Can sync two valves easily on any place.
• Light weight: Pump is light weight and durable as it can be moved easily.

Project Exclusions
Designing a permanent, more efficient, eco-friendly and user-friendly Ram pump that can move
easily and fix to desired locations.
Constraints
Prototyping involves designing and assembling individual parts of the ram pump. Aluminum is
used for the body, copper for the valves. Costly parts require material changes.
Assumptions
• Not suitable to use in very muddy places.
• Instantly have to close the inlet valve after use if not the pump will be heated and cause
some water leaks.

14
3.4. Q.F.D.

3.5. Mind map

15
3.6. W.B.S.

3.7. Gantt chart

16
4: ALTANATIVE DESIGN CONSEPTS
Existing ram pump designs suffer from water wastage at the first valve, low outlet pressure, lack
of filtration, and inability to repair PVC material. We propose concepts to address these issues.
• Using external air chambers to increase outlet pressure.
• Using Aluminum, copper and silicon for a good durability.
• Including a filter in water inlet valve to prevent sand and other parts
4.1. 1st Concept.
Copper is used for one-way valves, aluminum for the body, and silicon washers to prevent leaks.
PVC pipes are used for water inlet and outlet, along with ball valves for control. Two air
chambers increase water pressure.
[Appendix 2]

4.2. 2nd Concept

Copper is used for one-way valves, aluminum for the body parts in the 1st concept. Aluminum
washers prevent leaks at the connections. Smaller-sized pump uses aluminum pipes for water
inlet and outlet.
[Appendix 3]

4.3. 3rd Concept

Using copper valves, aluminum body parts, silicon washers, and ball valves. Separate air
chamber. Filter in inlet pipe. Overflow water collected in tank. We finally selected this concept
for our project.
[Appendix 4]

17
4.4. Evaluation Criteria of design alternatives

18
5: Material selection
Ram pumps use cast iron or aluminum, but we opted for high-density polyethylene for
lightweight and rust-resistant body parts. Aluminum is used for non-return valves, and
silicon washers prevent water leakage.

5.1. High density polyethylene

HDPE is a strong, chemically resistant thermoplastic used for bottles, pipes, containers,
and structural components due to its durability and lightweight nature.

5.2. Aluminum
Aluminum is a versatile, lightweight metal with corrosion resistance, high thermal and
electrical conductivity. It finds applications in construction, transportation, and packaging
for its strength and malleability.
5.3. Silicon

Silicon gaskets are silicone rubber sealing components with resistance to temperature,
chemicals, and UV radiation. Used in automotive, aerospace, and food processing, they
ensure reliable sealing and prevent leaks.

5.4. Material selection by GrantaEdupack

5.4.1. [Appendix 5 – selection of HDPE]
5.4.2. [Appendix 6 – selection of Al]
5.4.3. [Appendix 7 – selection of silicon]

6: Bill of Materials and sample drawings

6.1. [Appendix 8 – Bill of materials]
6.2. [Appendix 9 - Gasket]
6.3. [Appendix 10 – Impulse Valve]
6.4. [Appendix 11 – Non-return valve]

19
7: Mechanism

Push button

Outlet

1st valve

2nd valve

Inlet

After we connect a water supply in to the inlet, we have to push the red starting button and
release to start the pump. When releasing the button, the waster valve will close by the water
pressure and the delivery valve will open and pumps out the water. We only have to press the
button in the first cycle and it will be automatically pumping water after the first cycle.

20
8: Risk Assessment
When considering possible risks when manufacturing, transportation, using and disposal, we
identified some major risks. We rated those risks by the Risk matrix and we prepared some
mitigation measures to reduce the risk level.

[table 2]

9: Cost analysis

21
 When analyzing all the cost tables we can get an estimate cost for a single ram pump as
713.27AUD

10: Delimitations
Our project consists of several bad sides as mentioned below
Our ram pump cannot pump muddy water. When pumping muddy water, the valves will be
damaged and break the whole system.
Also, if the pumps falls when transportation it will be damage the pump and other parts.
To use the pump, the user needs to have a little bit of technical knowledge about the ram
pump

22
11: Eco – Audit

23
12: Appendix
[Appendix 1]

Fig. 1 Fig. 2

Fig. 3 Fig. 4

24
 [Appendix 2]

[Appendix 3]

[Appendix 4]

25
[Appendix 5]

[Appendix 6]

26
[Appendix 7]

[Appendix 8]

27
[Appendix 9]

[Appendix 10]

28
 [Appendix 11]

13: Tables

[table 1]

29
[table 2]

30
References
• Thomas, K.E. (n.d.). Constant Pressure Rainwater Harvesting Distribution Device and
System. [online] Available at:
https://patents.google.com/patent/US20100288375A1/en?q=(rain+water+harvesting+syst
em)&oq=(rain+water+harvesting+system) [Accessed 29 May 2023].
• Council, C.R. (2022). Leak Detection Program 2022-2025. [online] Cairns
Regional Council. Available at:
https://www.cairns.qld.gov.au/council/projects-and-priorities/major-
projects/open-projects/leak-detection-program-2022-2025.

• Thomas, K.E. (n.d.). Constant Pressure Rainwater Harvesting Distribution

Device and System. [online] Available at:
https://patents.google.com/patent/US20100288375A1/en?q=(rain+water+har
vesting+system)&oq=(rain+water+harvesting+system).
• Ahr, A., Helmsderfer, J., Jeffers, N. and Maggard, N. (n.d.). Garden watering
device. [online] Available at:
https://patents.google.com/patent/AU2010330818B2/en?q=(hand+shower+g
arden+hose)&oq=hand+shower+for+garden+hose [Accessed 29 May 2023].
• Bureau of Meteorology (2021). CBoM - Cairns Climate. [online] Bom.gov.au.
Available at:
http://www.bom.gov.au/qld/cairns/climate.shtml#:~:text=Cairns%20has%20a
%20Tropical%20climate.

• Council, C.R. (2023). Home. [online] Cairns Regional Council. Available at:
https://www.cairns.qld.gov.au [Accessed 29 May 2023].
• www.austrailia.com. (n.d.). austrailia.com. [online] Available at:
http://www.austrailia.com/.
• www.abs.gov.au. (2022). Queensland: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander
population summary | Australian Bureau of Statistics. [online] Available at:
https://www.abs.gov.au/articles/queensland-aboriginal-and-torres-strait-
islander-population-summary.

• Bom.gov.au. (2023). Climate Maps - Rainfall Latest. [online] Available at:

http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/awap/rain/index.jsp?colour=colour&time=latest
&step=0&map=totals&period=cyear&area=qd [Accessed 29 May 2023]

31
• Council, C.R. (2023). Cairns Water Security Stage 1 Project. [online] Cairns
Regional Council. Available at:
https://www.cairns.qld.gov.au/council/projects-and-priorities/major-
projects/open-projects/cwss1.

• www.bom.gov.au. (n.d.). Australia’s official weather forecasts & weather

radar - Bureau of Meteorology. [online] Available at:
http://www.bom.gov.au/?ref=hdr.
• Bureau of Meteorology (2021). CBoM - Cairns Climate. [online] Bom.gov.au.
Available at:
http://www.bom.gov.au/qld/cairns/climate.shtml#:~:text=Cairns%20has%20a
%20Tropical%20climate

32
 Eco Audit Report

Product name Ram pump

Country of use Australia

Product life (years) 5

Summary:

Energy details CO2 footprint details

Energy Energy CO2 footprint CO2 footprint

Phase
(MJ) (%) (kg) (%)
Material 754 81.7 28.9 69.7
Manufacture 153 16.6 11.5 27.7
Transport 9.97 1.1 0.718 1.7
Use 0 0.0 0 0.0
Disposal 5.31 0.6 0.372 0.9
Total (for first life) 922 100 41.5 100
End of life potential -456 -14.2

Eco audit.prd NOTE: Differences of less than 20% are not usually significant. Page 1 / 9
See notes on precision and data sources. Sunday, 21 May 2023
 Eco Audit Report

Summary
Energy Analysis

Energy (MJ/year)
Equivalent annual environmental burden (averaged over 5 year product life): 184

Detailed breakdown of individual life phases

Material: Summary

Recycled Part
Total mass Energy
Component Material content* mass Qty. %
(kg) (MJ)
(%) (kg)
End cap bsb 0.06 1 0.06 0 0.0
Push button 0.014 1 0.014 0 0.0
Pipe 1 Polyethylene (PE) Virgin (0%) 0.014 1 0.014 1.1 0.1
Pipe Polyethylene (PE) Virgin (0%) 0.012 1 0.012 0.96 0.1
Overflow tank Polyethylene (PE) Virgin (0%) 0.27 1 0.27 22 2.9
Non return valwe Cast Al-alloys Typical % 0.8 2 1.6 2e+02 26.3
Gasket Silicon Virgin (0%) 0.074 5 0.37 48 6.3
Flange Polyethylene (PE) Virgin (0%) 0.1 5 0.5 40 5.3
End cap Polyethylene (PE) Virgin (0%) 0.05 1 0.05 4 0.5
End cap 1 Polyethylene (PE) Virgin (0%) 0.088 1 0.088 7 0.9
Elbow 2 Polyethylene (PE) Virgin (0%) 0.025 1 0.025 2 0.3
Starting handle Polyethylene (PE) Virgin (0%) 0.042 1 0.042 3.4 0.4
T soket Polyethylene (PE) Virgin (0%) 0.03 1 0.03 2.4 0.3
Cover Polyethylene (PE) Virgin (0%) 5 1 5 4e+02 53.0
Air chamber Polyethylene (PE) Virgin (0%) 0.32 1 0.32 26 3.4
Total 24 8.4 7.5e+02 100

*Typical: Includes 'recycle fraction in current supply'

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Manufacture: Summary

Energy
Component Process Amount processed %
(MJ)
Pipe Polymer molding 0.012 kg 0.26 0.2
Overflow tank Polymer molding 0.27 kg 5.9 3.9
Non return valwe Roll forming 1.6 kg 14 9.4
Flange Polymer molding 0.5 kg 11 7.1
End cap Polymer molding 0.05 kg 1.1 0.7
End cap 1 Polymer molding 0.088 kg 1.9 1.3
Elbow 2 Polymer molding 0.025 kg 0.55 0.4
Starting handle Polymer molding 0.042 kg 0.92 0.6
T soket Polymer molding 0.03 kg 0.66 0.4
Cover Polymer molding 5 kg 1.1e+02 71.5
Air chamber Polymer molding 0.32 kg 7 4.6
Total 1.5e+02 100

Transport: Summary

Breakdown by transport stage

Distance Energy
Stage name Transport type %
(km) (MJ)
improting H D PE Coastal freight 2.2e+03 5 50.0
I mporting Nuts and bolts Coastal freight 2.2e+03 5 50.0
Total 4.4e+03 10 100

Breakdown by components
Mass Energy
Component %
(kg) (MJ)
End cap bsb 0.06 0.071 0.7
Push button 0.014 0.017 0.2
Pipe 1 0.014 0.017 0.2
Pipe 0.012 0.014 0.1
Overflow tank 0.27 0.32 3.2
Non return valwe 1.6 1.9 19.1
Gasket 0.37 0.44 4.4
Flange 0.5 0.59 6.0
End cap 0.05 0.059 0.6
End cap 1 0.088 0.1 1.0
Elbow 2 0.025 0.03 0.3
Starting handle 0.042 0.05 0.5
T soket 0.03 0.036 0.4
Cover 5 5.9 59.6
Air chamber 0.32 0.38 3.8
Total 8.4 10 100

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Use: Summary

Relative contribution of static and mobile modes

Energy
Mode %
(MJ)
Static 0
Mobile 0
Total 0 100

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Disposal: Summary

End of life Energy

Component %
option (MJ)
End cap bsb None 0 0.0
Push button None 0 0.0
Pipe 1 Landfill 0.0028 0.1
Pipe Recycle 0.0084 0.2
Overflow tank Recycle 0.19 3.6
Non return valwe Downcycle 0.8 15.1
Gasket Re-manufacture 0.074 1.4
Flange Recycle 0.35 6.6
End cap Recycle 0.035 0.7
End cap 1 Recycle 0.062 1.2
Elbow 2 Recycle 0.018 0.3
Starting handle Recycle 0.029 0.6
T soket Recycle 0.021 0.4
Cover Recycle 3.5 65.9
Air chamber Recycle 0.22 4.2
Total 5.3 100

EoL potential:
End of life Energy
Component %
option (MJ)
End cap bsb None 0 0.0
Push button None 0 0.0
Pipe 1 Landfill 0 0.0
Pipe Recycle -0.64 0.1
Overflow tank Recycle -14 3.1
Non return valwe Downcycle -73 15.9
Gasket Re-manufacture -47 10.2
Flange Recycle -27 5.8
End cap Recycle -2.7 0.6
End cap 1 Recycle -4.7 1.0
Elbow 2 Recycle -1.3 0.3
Starting handle Recycle -2.2 0.5
T soket Recycle -1.6 0.3
Cover Recycle -2.7e+02 58.3
Air chamber Recycle -17 3.7
Total -4.6e+02 100

Notes: Summary

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 Eco Audit Report

Summary
CO2 Footprint Analysis

CO2 (kg/year)
Equivalent annual environmental burden (averaged over 5 year product life): 8.3

Detailed breakdown of individual life phases

Material: Summary

Recycled Part CO2

Total mass
Component Material content* mass Qty. footprint %
(kg)
(%) (kg) (kg)
End cap bsb 0.06 1 0.06 0 0.0
Push button 0.014 1 0.014 0 0.0
Pipe 1 Polyethylene (PE) Virgin (0%) 0.014 1 0.014 0.026 0.1
Pipe Polyethylene (PE) Virgin (0%) 0.012 1 0.012 0.022 0.1
Overflow tank Polyethylene (PE) Virgin (0%) 0.27 1 0.27 0.5 1.7
Non return valwe Cast Al-alloys Typical % 0.8 2 1.6 13 45.3
Gasket Silicon Virgin (0%) 0.074 5 0.37 4 13.9
Flange Polyethylene (PE) Virgin (0%) 0.1 5 0.5 0.93 3.2
End cap Polyethylene (PE) Virgin (0%) 0.05 1 0.05 0.093 0.3
End cap 1 Polyethylene (PE) Virgin (0%) 0.088 1 0.088 0.16 0.6
Elbow 2 Polyethylene (PE) Virgin (0%) 0.025 1 0.025 0.046 0.2
Starting handle Polyethylene (PE) Virgin (0%) 0.042 1 0.042 0.078 0.3
T soket Polyethylene (PE) Virgin (0%) 0.03 1 0.03 0.056 0.2
Cover Polyethylene (PE) Virgin (0%) 5 1 5 9.3 32.1
Air chamber Polyethylene (PE) Virgin (0%) 0.32 1 0.32 0.59 2.1
Total 24 8.4 29 100

*Typical: Includes 'recycle fraction in current supply'

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Manufacture: Summary

CO2
Component Process Amount processed footprint %
(kg)
Pipe Polymer molding 0.012 kg 0.02 0.2
Overflow tank Polymer molding 0.27 kg 0.44 3.9
Non return valwe Roll forming 1.6 kg 1.1 9.4
Flange Polymer molding 0.5 kg 0.82 7.1
End cap Polymer molding 0.05 kg 0.082 0.7
End cap 1 Polymer molding 0.088 kg 0.14 1.3
Elbow 2 Polymer molding 0.025 kg 0.041 0.4
Starting handle Polymer molding 0.042 kg 0.069 0.6
T soket Polymer molding 0.03 kg 0.049 0.4
Cover Polymer molding 5 kg 8.2 71.5
Air chamber Polymer molding 0.32 kg 0.53 4.6
Total 11 100

Transport: Summary

Breakdown by transport stage

Distance CO2 footprint
Stage name Transport type %
(km) (kg)
improting H D PE Coastal freight 2.2e+03 0.36 50.0
I mporting Nuts and bolts Coastal freight 2.2e+03 0.36 50.0
Total 4.4e+03 0.72 100

Breakdown by components
Mass CO2 footprint
Component %
(kg) (kg)
End cap bsb 0.06 0.0051 0.7
Push button 0.014 0.0012 0.2
Pipe 1 0.014 0.0012 0.2
Pipe 0.012 0.001 0.1
Overflow tank 0.27 0.023 3.2
Non return valwe 1.6 0.14 19.1
Gasket 0.37 0.032 4.4
Flange 0.5 0.043 6.0
End cap 0.05 0.0043 0.6
End cap 1 0.088 0.0075 1.0
Elbow 2 0.025 0.0021 0.3
Starting handle 0.042 0.0036 0.5
T soket 0.03 0.0026 0.4
Cover 5 0.43 59.6
Air chamber 0.32 0.027 3.8
Total 8.4 0.72 100

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Use: Summary

Relative contribution of static and mobile modes

CO2 footprint
Mode %
(kg)
Static 0
Mobile 0
Total 0 100

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Disposal: Summary

CO2
End of life
Component footprint %
option
(kg)
End cap bsb None 0 0.0
Push button None 0 0.0
Pipe 1 Landfill 0.0002 0.1
Pipe Recycle 0.00059 0.2
Overflow tank Recycle 0.013 3.6
Non return valwe Downcycle 0.056 15.1
Gasket Re-manufacture 0.0052 1.4
Flange Recycle 0.025 6.6
End cap Recycle 0.0025 0.7
End cap 1 Recycle 0.0043 1.2
Elbow 2 Recycle 0.0012 0.3
Starting handle Recycle 0.0021 0.6
T soket Recycle 0.0015 0.4
Cover Recycle 0.25 65.9
Air chamber Recycle 0.016 4.2
Total 0.37 100

EoL potential:
CO2
End of life
Component footprint %
option
(kg)
End cap bsb None 0 0.0
Push button None 0 0.0
Pipe 1 Landfill 0 0.0
Pipe Recycle -0.011 0.1
Overflow tank Recycle -0.25 1.7
Non return valwe Downcycle -4.5 31.4
Gasket Re-manufacture -4 27.8
Flange Recycle -0.46 3.2
End cap Recycle -0.046 0.3
End cap 1 Recycle -0.08 0.6
Elbow 2 Recycle -0.023 0.2
Starting handle Recycle -0.038 0.3
T soket Recycle -0.027 0.2
Cover Recycle -4.6 32.2
Air chamber Recycle -0.29 2.1
Total -14 100

Notes: Summary

Eco audit.prd Report generated by Granta EduPack 2022 R1 © 2022 ANSYS, Inc. or its Page 9 / 9
affiliated companies. All rights reserved. Sunday, 21 May 2023