Delay Analysis in Construction Project

e-ISSN: 2582-5208
International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science

( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal )
Volume:03/Issue:09/September-2021 Impact Factor- 6.752 www.irjmets.com
DELAY ANALYSIS IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECT

Mr. Rohan Dixit*1, Prof. Shashank U. Vanakudari*2
*1Student M.Tech (Construction Technology), Jain College Of Engineering,
Dist- Belagavi-590014, (India)
*2Asst. Professor (CIVIL DEPT), Jain College Of Engineering, Dist- Belagavi-590014, (India)
ABSTRACT
The building industry's struggle with delays is a worldwide issue. There were seven different types of
classifications. This questionnaire was issued to associated enterprises, consultants, and contractors for the
purpose of rating the various elements. This data was used to generate the "Frequency index, Severity index,
and Importance index" of various delay factors. The criteria were graded on their potential of creating a
construction project delay, and the results were tabulated. The top five reasons of delays in any building
project, according to the conclusions of this study, are: Material failure (Rank 1), Labour shortages (Rank 2),
Delays in subcontractor work (Rank 3), Equipment failure (Rank 4) and Delays in consultation work (Rank 5).
Keywords: Delay Analysis, Frequency Index, Severity Index, Importance Index, Questionnaire.
I. INTRODUCTION
Building delays are a global problem that not only impacts the construction industry but also the financial
system. The building industry's struggle with delays is a worldwide issue. Most infrastructure projects face
delays, which can range from minor to major. The length of time it takes to accomplish a project is referred to
as "delay." Construction delays are common in the civil engineering field. A construction delay is defined as a
period of time that exceeds the contract deadline or the parties' agreed-upon completion date for the project.
Delays can be classed as justifiable (further than contractor's authority) or non-justifiable (within the
contractor's direct authority). Delays can occur due to a variety of factors:
• Owner related delay
• Consultant related delay
• Contractor related delay
• Material related delay
• Labour related delay
• Project related delay
• External delay factors
Delays are cunning, resulting in inefficiencies, as well as conflicts and lawsuits. The most prominent delay
analyses are the CPM (critical path method), as well as planned expanded technique, collapsed technique,
windows technique, bar chart, and other delay analyses.
II. OBJECTIVES
The primary goal of construction is to finish a project according to specifications, on schedule, and within
budget, while maximizing the use of all available resources such as workers, materials, money, and
equipment.The study's main objectives are as follows:
1. To identify different causes of delay in construction project.
2. To analyse delay factors with the help of questionnaire survey.
3. To quantify delay using MS Project by taking a case study.
III. METHODOLOGY
This project's research subject is delay analysis. The content was first acquired and examined. The project is
carried out using information gleaned from the literature. It entails the following:
1. Literature review.
2. Collection of data causing delay of construction projects from questionnaire survey.
3. To find out the factors causing delay and study the factors.
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4. Delay analysis based on delay obtained from questionnaire survey.
5. Obtaining results and analysing the factors causing delay using:
 Frequency index
 Severity index
 Importance index
6. Delay analysis - a case study in MS Project.
7. Conclusion.
Figure 1: Methodology Flowchart

IV. RESULTS
Analysis
Delay analysis will be based on the following factors:
Frequency Index
Severity Index
Importance Index
1.Frequency Index = Σ
Where
a= constant to each response from 1 to 4.
n= frequency of response
N= total no of responses
A= highest weight (i.e., 4)
2.Severity Index = Σ
Where
a= constant expressing the weight assigned to each response from 1 to 4.
n= frequency of each response
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N= total number of responses
A= highest weight (i.e. 4 in this case)
3.Importance Index= Frequency index X Severity index
Table 1. Calculation Of F.I., S.I. & I.I.
F.I= Σ S.I= Σ
S. No. Types Of Factors I.I.=F.I. ×S.I.
Owner
1 0.52 0.68 0.36
Contributed Factors
Contractor
2 0.6 0.72 0.44
Contributed Factors
Consultant
3 0.5 0.76 0.38
Contributed Factors
Equipment
4 0.52 0.77 0.40
Contributed Factors
Material Contributed
5 0.68 0.72 0.48
Factors
Labour Contributed
6 0.59 0.76 0.45
Factors
7 External Factors 0.56 0.62 0.35
Table 2. Ranking Of Delay Factors According To The

Importance Index (I.I.)
Types Of Factors I.I. Rank
Material Contributed Factors 0.48 1
Labour Contributed Factors 0.45 2
Contractor Contributed Factors 0.44 3
Equipment Contributed Factors 0.40 4
Consultant Contributed Factors 0.38 5
Owner Contributed Factors 0.36 6
External Factors 0.35 7
V. CASE STUDY
NATURE OF THE PROJECT
 Situation analysis on a commercial building with the name SHEETAL RASAVANTI GRUHA which is located at
Congress road, Belagavi.
 The building is G+4 building constructed at an area of 2200sq.ft.
 This building is constructed for commercial purpose.
 The overall shape of the footprint is triangular. Building has parking in the stealth floor
 The estimated cost of the project is 1.1 Crore.
CONSTRUCTION WORK
1. Excavation
2. PCC
3. Reinforcement

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4. Concreting
5. Brickwork
6. Plastering
7. Painting
7. Windows
8. Flooring
PROJECT DETAILS
Figure 2: Sheetal Raswanti Site

ABOUT THE APPLICATION
Microsoft Project is a project management software tool created and licenced by Microsoft. It's made to help a
project coordinator create a strategy, allocate resources to projects, track productivity, monitor performance,

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and examine procedures. Within a few years of its introduction, Microsoft Project, the company's third
Microsoft Windows-based application, had swiftly become the dominant microprocessor project management
software.
SCHEDULING IN MS PROJECT
Before creating the schedule, the specific tasks and resources required to execute the project must first be
defined. According to the findings, this project will require around 93 tasks. The Critical Path Approach is a
project scheduling method that is used in MS Project to connect all of the tasks. The anticipated foundation
construction time was found to be 103 days.
Figure 3: Schedule without delay

ASSIGNING THE RESOURCES
Table 3. Labour Productivity Chart
LABOUR PRODUCTIVITY CHART
LABOUR OUTP
UT
SL.NO DESCRIPTION ACTIVITIES UNITS
SKILLED UNSKILLED /DAY
(8hrs)
Footing SQ.M 1 2 10
Column SQ.M 1 2 8
1 SHUTTERING
Beam SQ.M 1 2 10
Slab SQ.M 1 2 12
Brick work SQ.M 2 2 10
External
SQ.M 1 1 6
plastering
2 MASON Internal
SQ.M 1 1 6
plastering
Flooring work SQ.M 1 1 8
Tiles SQ.M 1 1 8
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Footing KG 2 1 15
3 REINFORCEMENT Slab KG 2 1 15
Column KG 2 1 10
External SQ.M 1 0 5
4 PAINTING
Internal SQ.M 1 0 5
Concreting by
CU.M 1 6 8
Manualmixing
5 CONCRETING Concreting by
Ready Mix
CU.M 1 5 10
Concrete
(RMC)
Table 4. Reasons For Delay
Delay in
Description of Delay Cost due to Delay (rupees)
days
Downpours 5 47916
Shortage of labor 3 18000
Missing Information 1 1200
Shortage of material 7 153626
Strikes 2 5714
RMC Supplier busy schedule 2 3920
Shortage of steel bars 16mm
2 5000
dia
Cash flow issues 3 6000
Total 25 2,41,376
VI. CONCLUSION
The major delay issue is the ongoing problem encountered by the construction industry for many years. But the
delays can be decreased by proper management, proper interpersonal management, technical management and
by using the technology in construction projects. Proper management gives an idea to handle a construction
project in-time, control the losses and financial management. This research assessed variables responsible for
construction project delays, which were classified into seven groups, based on a literature review and a
questionnaire survey of respondents. This is a list of all the factors and qualities that contribute to construction
delays. Because various companies have different perspectives on the reasons that cause delays, the scores
given by respondents are not all the same. The data collected from the questionnaire survey was analysed. As a
result, you'll get a full list of features that have been rated in order of significance. Significant proportions were
established to evaluate the likelihood and effect of the elements at various phases of the project, based on the
project's requirements, such as the Importance Index (I.I), Frequency Index (F.I), and Severity Index (S.I). Each
study has been graded based on its contribution to the project. These ranks were contrasted in order to have a
better comprehension.
VII. RECOMMONDATION
 Contractual agreements are required, and it is advisable that a genuine to goodness approach be followed.
during the project planning and booking stages. For a successful completion of the project, it is critical to
hire competent contractors, and do not allow visit changes of subcontractors in the executing phase.
 It is recommended that owners should not pay contractors late in progress payments because this reduces

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the contractual worker's ability to fund the work.
 Designers should avoid making mistakes and being late in providing design papers since it causes project
delays.
VIII. REFERENCES
[1] Refer to Zaki M. Kraie and James E. Diekmann's paper "Concurrent Delay in Construction Projects,"
published in the Journal of Construction Engineering and Management in December 1987.
[2] Refer to Abdulaziz A. Bubshait and Michael J. Cunningham's paper "Comparison of Delay Analysis
Methodologies," which was accepted for publication of Construction Engineering and Management in
August 1998.
[3] Refer to Jonathan Jing sheng Shi, S. D. Cheung, and David Arditi's article "Construction Delay
Computation Method," which was published in the Journal of Construction Engineering and
Management in January 2001.
[4] According to Tarek Hegazy and Kehui Zhang's paper "Daily Windows Delay Analysis," which was
published in the Journal of Construction Engineering and Management in May 2005.
[5] Refer to Hyun-Soo Lee, Han-Guk Ryu, Jung-Ho Yu, and Jae-Jun Kim's paper "Method of Calculating
Schedule Delay Considering Lost Productivity," which was published in the Journal of Construction
Engineering and Management in November 2005.
[6] Refer to the publication "Daily Analysis Method Using Delay Section" by Youngje Kim, Kyungrai Kim,
and Dongwoo Shin, which was published in the Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
in November 2005.
[7] Refer to William Ibbs and Long D. Nguyen's paper "Schedule Analysis Under the Effect of Resource
Allocation," published in the Archives of Construction Engineering and Management in February 2007.
[8] Refer to the paper "Understanding time delay disputes in construction contracts" by K.C. Iyer, N.B.
Chaphalkar, and G.A. Joshi, in May 2007, the International Journal of Project Management.
[9] Refer to Issaka Ndekugri, Nuhu Braimah, and Rod Gameson's paper " Delay Analysis within
Construction Contracting Organization," which was published in the Journal of Construction
Engineering and Management in September 2008.
[10] "Reviewing timetable delay is a common construction disagreement," according to Jyn-Bin Yang and
Ming-Kuan Tsai's study "Computerised ICBF Method for Timetable Delay Analysis," published in the
Journal of Construction Engineering and Management in August 2011.
[11] Borvorn Israngkura Na Ayudhya's study "Evaluation of Common Delay Causes of Construction Projects
in Singapore," published in the Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture in 2011.
[12] According to Chidambaram Ramanathan, SP Narayan, and Arazi B Idruson's paper "Construction Delay
Causing Risk on Time and Cost- a Critical Review" published in the Australian Journal of Construction
Economic and Building in 2012.
[13] Refer to Ashwini Arun Salunkhe and Rahul S. Patil's work Statistical Method for Construction Delay
Analysis, which was published in the Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering in 2013.
[14] Issues that are often overlooked in the analysis but have an impact on delay analysis results, according
to Nuhu Braimah's paper, "Construction Delay Analysis Techniques—A Review of Application Issues
and Improvement Needs," published in the Journal of Civil Engineering and Architect in 2013.
[15] Refer to Ashwini Arun Salunkhe and Rahul S. Patil's paper "Effect of Construction Delay on Project
Time Overrun: Indian Scenario," which was published in the International Journal of Research in
Engineering and Technology in January 2014.
[16] Refer to the paper "Study of Delay Management in a Construction Project-A Case Study" by B. Indhu
and P. Ajai, which identifies the delay factors and their impact on project completion through a
situation analysis on assigned tasks and was published in the International Journal of Emerging
Technology and Advanced Engineering in May 2014.
[17] Refer to Nuhu Braimah's 2014 paper "Understanding Construction Delay Analysis and the Role of
Preconstruction Programming.

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[18] See Pablo Gonzalez, Vicente Gonzalez, Keith Molenaar, and Francisco Orozco's paper "Analysis of
Causes of Delay and Time Performance in Construction Projects," published in the Journal of
Construction Engineering and Management in 2014.
[19] Several factors, including unforeseen circumstances, financial difficulties, and insufficient technical
capacity of the contractor's or consultant's site team, according to an article published in the Journal of
Construction Engineering and Management in 2015 by M. Talat Birgonul, Irem Dikmen, and Sinasi
Bektas titled “Integrated Approach to Overcome Shortcoming in Current Delay Analysis Practices.
[20] Refer to Alenas Vasilyeva-Lyulina, Masamitsu Onishi, and Kiyoshi Kobayash's work "Delay Analysis
Methods for Construction Projects: Mathematical Modeling," published in the International Journal of
Transportation in 2015.

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Delay Analysis in Construction Project

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e-ISSN: 2582-5208

International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science

DELAY ANALYSIS IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECT

Figure 1: Methodology Flowchart

7 External Factors 0.56 0.62 0.35

Table 2. Ranking Of Delay Factors According To The

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Figure 2: Sheetal Raswanti Site

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Figure 3: Schedule without delay

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