TLE Reviewer for Second Quarter Periodical Exam

Working Drawing
 Used as a reference or guide in the manufacture of a product.
 These are the complete set of standardized drawings specifying the manufacture
of a product based on its design.
 These are important because they contain detailed specifications on all aspects
of constructions. Good quality working drawings form a keystone to a successful
build phase.
Orthographic Projection/Drawing
 It is also known as an orthographic projection
 It is a drawing in which three – dimensional object is represented in two
dimensions.
 This is done by making multiple two – dimensional drawings of object, viewed
from different angles.
Three Kinds of Pictorial Drawing
1. Isometric drawing – “Iso” means equal; “metric” means measure. This is a method of
graphic representation of three – dimensional objects. It is characterized by three equal
axes at right angles.
2. Oblique drawing – A drawing in which the front view of the object is drawn parallel to
the picture plane, and its side surfaces are drawn at an angle of 45 degrees and 30
degrees angle.
3. Perspective Drawing – A method of drawing three – dimensional objects generally on
a flat surface, of an image as it is seen by the eye.

Lesson 4 – Site Development Plan

Site Development plan
 Shows outline and measurements of a building that is planned to construct and
its place on the property.
 It is drawn using a scale not smaller than 1:200 meters.

Technical Terms Encountered in Drafting Site Development Plan

1. Building code – a set of local laws that establish the standard for structural design
within the community.
2. The Master Plan – the designer’s house of building design based on the needs and
wants of his client.
3.Corner lot – a lot with two adjacent sides meeting at the corner made at the juncture
of two streets.
4. Inside lot – a lot surrounded on each side by other lots.
5. Open lot – a lot bounded on all side by street or pathways.
6. Property lines – lines showing the exact area of the acquired lot.
7. Setback – refers to the distance at how far a building can be built within the property
lines.
8. Site Development Plan – the outline and measurements of the proposed building and
placement on the property.
9. Site – an area of land available for construction or the lot on which a building is
constructed.
10. Through lot – a lot having frontage on two public street or highways.
11. Zoning – refers to the legal restriction on the size, location, and type of structures to
be built on a designated area.

Lesson 5 - Alphabet of Lines

1. Object line or Visible line – Thick dark lines to show the outline object, visible edges,
and surfaces.
2. Hidden Lines – Short dash lines use to show non – visible edges or the hidden part of
the object.
3. Center line – Long and short dash lines. Usually indicates holes, circles, and arcs.
The line is thin and dark.
4. Section line – Thin line is drawn at 45 degrees used to show the surfaces of the
object that has been cut.
5. Extension line – thin and dark lines use to show the starting and ending of
dimensions.
6. Dimension line – Thin and dark lines use to show the size(span) of an object with a
numeric value.
7. Long Break Line – A medium thick line consisting of broken and straight lines drawn
alternately, also known as the limiting line.
8. Short Break Line – A thick line is drawn free hand to show details that a part has
been cut off or broken.
9. Leader Line – A medium line with an arrowhead to show notes or labels for size and
special information about features.
10. Phantom line – A long line followed by two short dashes is used to show the
alternate position of a moving part.
11. Cutting plane line – an extra thick line is used to cut away views or planes.

Understanding Dimension
Presidential Decree No. 1096 (National Building Code) Thereby revising republic act
numbered sixty – five hundred forty – one. (R.A No. 6541)

The Philippine Green Building Code seeks to improve the efficiency of building
performance by adopting measures that promote resource management efficiency and
site sustainability while minimizing the negative impact of buildings on human health
and the environment.

Principles of the Philippine Green Building Code:

1. Opportunity to help the government address the adverse effects of climate change.
2. Resources must be used efficiently
3. Occupants of green buildings will benefit from improved indoor environmental quality
which promotes higher productivity and better comfort.

Lesson 6 – Floor plan

A floor plan is a type of plan that shows the top view of a house when it is sectioned
horizontally.

Grid in Floor Planning

Grid is a technique used in many ways. It helps you manage space easily. They are
numbered horizontally and lettered vertically.
Grid lines are imaginary lines that are used in a plan to help you see where you are
looking quickly.

Doors and Windows

Doors are moveable barriers that permits ingress and egress into a building. A window
on the other hand, is an opening in a wall and door that allows the passage of light, air,
and sound.

Measurements:
 Entrance door = 0.90 cm – 1.00 m
 Bedroom door = 0.80 cm
 Toilet and bath = 0.70 cm – 0.80 cm
 Windows (per panel) = 0.60 cm

Scaling and Dimensioning

The scale allows us to understand the relationship between a drawing or physical model
and the reality of its world size.
Dimensions provide the size and location of features, details, notes for constructions or
manufacturing, and other information necessary to define an object completely.

ALWAYS REMEMBER THAT THE SMALLER THE NUMBER USED IN THE METRIC
SCALE, THE BIGGER THE SIZE IN THE TRIANGULAR SCALE WHEREAS, THE
LARGER THE NUMBER USED, THE SMALLER SIZE OF THE ACTUAL
MEASUREMENT.

Full – size scale

The 1:1 is a full – size scale and each division measures 1 mm. in width with
numbering of the calibrations at 10mm. intervals the same scale is convenient for ratios
of 1:10, 1:100, and 1:1000

Half – size Scale – The 1:2 is a one – half size scale and each division is equal to 2
mm. with the calibration numbering at 20 – unit intervals. In addition, this scale is
convenient for ratios of 1:20, 1:200, 1:2000
Dimensioning
Involves the process of placing sizes and other related information on a drawing. The
main purpose of dimensioning is to provide a clear and complete description of an
object.

Two Methods of Dimensioning

1. Aligned method – The horizontal dimensions are placed to be read from the bottom
and vertical dimensions are read from the right.
2. Unidirectional Method – They can be read from the bottom of the drawing sheet and
is more commonly used in mechanical drafting.

Planning Consideration in Developing the Site

 Distribution refers to the placement, location, and arrangement of each room unit
in relation to each other as to function and coordination.

 Orientation refers to the position and direction of the sunrise and the sunset.

 Sizes, Areas, and Shapes. All rooms are intended for human use; therefore, they
should be planned according to human scale.
(Section 806) RULE VIII OF THE NEW NATIONAL BUILDING CODE UNDER
THE 2005 IMPLEMENTING RULES & REGULATIONS (NO. 7) PROVIDES THE
MINIMUM SIZES OF ROOMS AND THEIR LEAST HORIZONTAL DIMENSION
AS FOLLOWS:
1. ROOMS FOR HUMAN HABITATION: 6 sq. m. with at least a dimension of
2.00m.
2. KITCHEN: 3.00 sq. m with at least a dimension of 1.50 m
3. TOILET AND BATH: 1.20 sq. m with at least a dimension of 0.90

 Circulation and movement of the occupants inside the building should not be
hampered by any obstacles nor be detoured as a result of poor planning.

 Light and Ventilation. There is no substitute for good daylight and fresh natural
air entering and circulation inside the building.
 Height. A moderate ceiling allows fresh air circulation, and a comfortable
atmosphere, and preserves the aesthetic value of room. A room with low ceiling
has a warm atmosphere that requires artificial ventilation.

 Likes and Dislikes of the family members. This factor is usually considered when
the family is rich and can afford to pay for the services of an architect.
Three Major Functional Area of a House
1. The Living Area – The center of the living area in most homes. It should be centrally
located and should be adjacent to the outside entrance and to the dining area. But
entrance should not directly lead to the living room.

2. Sleeping Area/Bedroom is a room for sleeping and taking the rest of the family. A low
costing house should have two bedrooms. A master bedroom and bedroom.

3. Service Area includes the kitchen, laundry, garage workshops, storage room, and
utility room.
a. Dining Area – where the occupants gather to eat their meal. This should be located
between the living room and the kitchen.
b. Kitchen – where the food is prepared. Work Triangle Area (Fridge, Sink, Stove). The
kitchen should be located near the service entrance and near the waste disposal area
since it is the core of the service area.

Common Kitchen Layouts:

1. Single – Wall Kitchen – kitchen work areas are arranged in a single line.
2. Galley/ Corridor kitchen – Two counters are arranged in two facing line.
3. U – Shaped Kitchen – A U – Shaped counter that takes up three walls.
4. L – Shaped Kitchen – This layout is very efficient and ideally suited to smaller rooms
or open – plan kitchens.
c. Bathroom – where the toilet and tub or shower are separated to save economically
plumbing. Toilet and bath are generally located between bedrooms.
d. Entrances – They provide for and control the flow of traffic into and out of a building.
It is composed of an outside waiting area like the porch, marquee, or lanai and an inside
waiting area like a foyer or entrance hall.

Different Types of Entrances

1. Main Entrance – Provides access to the house.
2. Service Entrance – It provides access to the house through which supplies can be
delivered to the service areas going through other parts of the house.
3. Special – purpose Entrances and Exits – They do not provide for outside traffic.
Instead, they provide movement from the inside living area of the house to the outside
living areas. A sliding door from the living area to the patio is a special – purpose
entrance.

e. Garage and Carports

 Garage is an enclosed structure designed primarily to shelter an automobile. It is
usually attached to the house in some manner to provide a sheltered entry.
 Carport is a garage with one or more exterior walls removed. It may consist of a
free standing roof completely separate from the house, or it may be built against
the existing walls of the house.