CONCTRUCTION

REQUIREMENTS
 1 Measurement of Size

Content
2 Air Space

3 Window Opening
1 Types of Dimensions
A dimension is a numerical value expressed in an appropriate
unit of measure. It is indicated on drawings along with lines,
arrows, symbols, and notes to define the size and specification
of an object.
Drawings should be fully dimensioned so that a minimum of
computation is required and all the parts can be built without
having to scale the drawings to determine an object’s size.
If possible, metric system should be used when dimensioning
objects in a plan. Multiple measuring systems should be
avoided to prevent confusion.
Nominal value and tolerance should be uniform throughout
the drawing.
Using Scales
Since building projects are too large to be drawn to actual size on a sheet of
paper, everything needs to be drawn proportionately similar to fit.
Scale is usually noted in the title block, or just below the view when it differs in
scale from that given in the title block.
Scale used on drawings depends on:
1. Actual size of the building or object
2. Amount of detail required to be shown
3. Size of sheet selected for the drawing
4. Amount of dimensioning and notation needed
5. Common practices that regulates certain scales
Architect’s Scale
Normally flat or triangular and shape, and come in different lengths,
usually 30 cm. All three sides of the triangle contain two scales on each
usable surface.
1. 1/300 scale – for site plans
2. 1/250 scale – for large projects and small site plans
3. 1/200
4. 1/100
5. 1/50
6. 1/20
Engineer’s Scale
Used to measure distances on site and land-related plans such as
construction site plans.

1. 1/600
2. 1/500
3. 1/300
4. 1/250
5. 1/200
6. 1/100
Metric Scales
The SI linear unit commonly used on drawings is the millimeters.
For other drawings:
Architectural working drawings are to be dimensioned in mm
and m.
Lot and site plans are to be dimensioned in m or km, depending
upon the scale, with accuracy to only three decimal places.
No periods are used after the unit symbols.
Scales on drawings is to be shown by a ratio (1:1, 1:10, 1:50, etc.).
To avoid having to specify “mm” after every dimension, for example,
a label such as “all dimensions in mm” or “unless otherwise stated
all dimensions are in mm” is usually contained in the title block.
 Section 806

Size and Dimensions

of Rooms
(a) Minimum sizes of rooms and their least horizontal
dimensions shall be as follows:
1. Rooms for Human Habitations. 6.00 square
meters with at least dimensions of 2.00
2. Kitchens. 3.00 square meters with at least
dimension of 1.50 meters;
3. Bath and toilet. 1.20 square meters with at least
dimension of 0.90 meters.
 Section 807

2 Air Space Requirements in

Determining the Size of
Rooms
(a) Minimum space shall be provided as follows:
1. School Rooms. 3.00 cubic meters with 1.00 square
meter of floor area per person;
2. Workshops, Factories, and Offices. 12.00 cubic
meters of space per person;
3. Habitable rooms. 14.00 cubic meters of space per
person.
3
Section 808

Window Openings
(a) Every room intended for any use, not
provided with
artificial ventilation system as herein
specified in this
Code, shall be provided with a window or
windows with a total free area of openings
equal to at least ten percent of the floor
area of room, and such window shall open
directly to a court, yard, public street or
alley, or open water courses.
Enclosures – window system

Frame – framework that surrounds and

supports the entire window
Head – main horizontal part forming the
top of the window frame
Jambs –main vertical parts forming the
sides of the window frame
Sill – main horizontal part forming the
bottom of the window frame
Glazing – transparent glass or plastic
Enclosures – window system

Sash - movable part of the window

made up of vertical and horizontal
frame that holds the glazing
Lif – handle for raising or moving the
sash in a window frame
TYPES OF WINDOWS
Awning Windows

Awning windows open out by pivoting from the top of the window
sash, operated by a crank. Awning windows commonly are paired
with large picture windows and may be placed along bottom,
sides, or top of the picture window to provide ventilation.
Casement Windows
Casement windows also open out
(like awning windows) and usually
pivot from side hinges. Many
casements have fairly large glass
panes to provide ample light that
is uninterrupted by muntin bars
or other framing. Casements also
typically offer more open
ventilation area than other
window types.
Double-Hung and Single-Hung Windows
The main advantage of double-hung
windows is somewhat better
ventilation. With both sashes opened
about halfway, air naturally flows in
through the lower opening and out
through the upper opening. Double-
hung windows also can be cleaned
inside and out without the need to
clean from outside (or the need for a
ladder).
Picture Windows

Picture windows are best in

areas where airflow is not
important because they do not
open. They are often large glass
expanses occupying the center
portion of a wall to provide
broad views and ample
sunlight.
Bay Windows
Bay windows are an excellent resource for architects to create
angles and projections on a building structure. Bay windows
allow light to enter at different angles, and most bays include side
windows that can be opened for airflow.
Jalousie Windows
Jalousie windows are
inexpensive solutions for warm-
weather areas, particularly
where air conditioning is not
needed. Jalousies consist of
glass slats set in metal clips that
can be opened and closed in
unison.
Slider Windows

Slider windows slide open

sideways. Like casements, they
can offer clear views and ample
ventilation, but they cannot be
sealed as tightly as casements.
Thank you ！