Planning and Functional Design of

Buildings
 Subject Code CV203 Course Objectives
Credits: 3 (3-0-0)

To understand principles of building planning, importance of

bylaws in construction and concept of energy efficient buildings.

To understand the acoustical design concepts and noise control

techniques.

To impart the fundamental concepts of natural and artificial

lighting designs.

To provide principles of climatic conscious design of buildings

with special emphasis on tropical climates.

To understand the thermo physical properties of building

materials and design of shading devices.
 Syllabus
Introduction: Building planning and by-laws, conceptual and
functional planning, Introduction to Energy efficient buildings

Acoustics: Physics of sound- Behavior of sound- Sound insulation

and reverberation control

Lighting: Principles- Day lighting and artificial lighting – design

methods

Thermal design of buildings: Climatic elements – classification-

thermal comfort and indices-solar radiation calculations and design
of shading devices.
Thermo physical properties of building materials and thermal
control- passive and active building design- Steady and periodic
heat flow through building envelope. Concept of green building.
 References
National Building Code 2016, Bureau of Indian Standards
Ajitha Simha.D, Building Environment, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co., New Delhi,
1985
Bureau of Indian standards, Handbook on Functional Requirement of Buildings –
SP:41(S and T) – 1987
Givoni. B Man,.Climate and Architecture, Applied Science Publication, 1976
Knudsen V.O. and Harris C.M., Acoustical Design in Architecture, John Wiley, 1980
Koenigseberger, Manual of tropical Housing and Building Part I – Climatic design,
Orient Longman, 2011
Krishnan, Climate responsive architecture, Tata McGraw Hill, 1999
M David Egan,Architectural Acoustics, J.Ross Publishing, 2007
Olgay Victor, Design with climate-A bioclimatic approach to architectural
regionalism- Princeton University press-1963
Human Factors Design Handbook, Wesley Woodson, Barry Tillman, Peggy Tillman,
McGraw-Hill
M.G. Shah, C.M. Kale and S.Y. Patki; Building Drawing; Tata McGraw Hill Publication
 Introduction
Planning is deciding in advance what is to be done.

The term planning of building by an Engineer is the

arrangement of all units of building on all floors.

It takes into consideration the height and level to

accommodate the spaces enclosed by walls, floors and roofs.
An approach to planning
Main considerations when one starts to
plan a building:

Stage 1: Design for safety

Stage 2 (a) : Design for comforts to

achieve livability

Stage 2 (b) :Interior designing

Stage 2 (c) :Landscaping and indoor

plant

Stage 3 : Final check by Architect

 Stages in Construction Process and role of
different agencies
1) Role of coordinator : Owner and builder performs role of
a coordinator.
Architect becomes his representative.

2) Role of legal consultant : A legal consultant is useful for

verifying the title of land with further processing of sale deed
and registration.

3) Role of Architect: Architect takes into consideration

owners requirements, makes a list of them, visits the site and
prepares preliminary plans and estimates.
 Stages in Construction Process and role of
different agencies
4) Role of Planning engineer :A role of planning engineer is to
support the project manager and project team with information to
execute the project in time and within budget allocated.

Preparation of project schedule covering entire scope and

within defined timelines.

Collect periodic updates and prepare daily,weekly and

monthly updates of project.

Create project closing reports.

 Factors for site selection

Physical Health
considerations considerations

Communit Transportati
y facilities on facilities
PRINCIPLES OF
PLANNING
PRINCIPLES OF PLANNING
Aspect

Prospect

Privacy

Circulation

Roominess

Grouping

Elegance

Sanitation

Flexibility

Economy

Practical consideration
 PRINCIPLES OF PLANNING
1. Aspect

Placement of different rooms of house in accordance with

our activities.

Rooms should get enough sunlight and air, which gives

great environmental comfort.

A room which receives light & air from particular direction

is said to have ‘aspect’ of that direction.
PRINCIPLES OF PLANNING
TYPE OF ROOMS SUGGESTED ASPECT

Drawing room,living room South,SE

Bedroom West,SW

Dinning room South

Kitchen East

Verandah West,SW
PRINCIPLES OF PLANNING
 PRINCIPLES OF PLANNING
2. Prospect

A building is said to have a good prospect when it presents a

good and pleasing appearance when seen from outside.

 Exterior wall painting and windows should be provided in an

attractive manner.

It should create a good impression on a person who views it

from outside.

Small projections or bay windows can have a good out-look as

well as helps in providing breeze, light and sunlight to the room.
Prospect
Prospect
 PRINCIPLES OF PLANNING
3. Privacy
It is an important principle while planning a residential building.
Privacy can be maintained in two ways
 1. External 2. Internal
External Privacy
• The privacy from sides can be secured by providing planned
entrance and pathways.
• This can achieved by screening the front and rear entrance.
Internal Privacy
• Privacy in internal rooms can be easily obtain by proper planning
of diff. areas and location of doors and windows.
•The shutter when opened should give the minimum view of room
for an entering persons.
 PRINCIPLES OF PLANNING
4. Circulation

• Circulation is movement within the premises and includes both

horizontal and vertical circulation.

• It is necessary to permit horizontal circulation through passage,

corridors and lobbies and vertical circulation through staircases,
lifts and ramps in building.
 PRINCIPLES OF PLANNING
5. Roominess

 Roominess means getting maximum advantage from the

minimum dimension of the room.

The effect of roominess depend on the relative dimension of

length, width and height of room.

The shape and size of the room are also very important for
roominess.

A rectangular room has more roominess then square room in same

area.
 PRINCIPLES OF PLANNING
6. Grouping

• Grouping means the arrangement of various rooms in the building for the
convenience of user.

• It minimizes the circulation and at the same time improves the comfort.

• The following consideration should be kept in mind while grouping.

Kitchen and dinning room should be close to each other.

Store adjacent to kitchen
Toilet block should be far away from kitchen.
Kitchen and toilet block not exposed to drawing room.
Bed room connected to bath and less exposed to drawing room.
 PRINCIPLES OF PLANNING
7. Elegance

• Elegance is grand appearance of a building attained mainly owing to

the elevation which in turn depends on the plan.

• It depends upon proper positioning/selection of doors, windows,

balcony, roofs, staircase etc.

• For better elegance select superior building material for facing as

polished stone- granite, marble or mosaic.

• Providing projection like sunshades, balconies.

• Providing bay window, corner window, etc.

Bay windows
Elegance
 PRINCIPLES OF PLANNING
8. Sanitation
Provision for cleanliness,lighting and ventilation in sanitary
units avoids growth of bacteria and spread of disease and give
hygienic condition.

In bath and w.c. glazed tiles dedo should be provided on walls to
maintain clean condition.

Skirting should be provided in rooms.

 PRINCIPLES OF PLANNING
9. Flexibility

• Flexibility means that a room which is planned for one

function be used for other, if required.

• Like study room may be planned for using guest room.

 PRINCIPLES OF PLANNING
Practical Consideration
• After the all fundamental some practical points should be additionally considered.

• Provision for future extensions without dismantling should be made while

planning.

• Strength, stability, convenience and comfort of occupants, should be the first

consideration while planning.

• As far as possible sizes of rooms should be kept large.

Large room can be shortened by providing movable partition but smaller room
cannot be enlarge easily.

• The number of door and window should be minimum provisions for built in
furniture at proper places are useful from point of view of utility.