HARAMAYA UNIVERSITY

HARAMAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF HYDRAULIC AND WATER
RESOURCE ENGINEERING

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION (CEng-2053)

2 FUNCTIONAL PLANNING OF BUILDINGS

 CONTENTS

 Introduction
 General

 Objectives of Planning
 General
 Specific
 Important Consideration in Planning
 Classification of Functional Planning
 Functional Planning of residential building
 Functional Planning of public building
FUNCTIONAL PLANNING OF BUILDINGS
1. GENERAL

Building construction involves a number of steps in offices as well as

on building sites.
The design and building drawings are to be completed in design

offices where as the construction and supervision work are made on

construction sites.
Functional planning is the pre-requisite for any type of building

construction.
The consideration of economical aspects, keeping in view the

functional and durability requirements of a building is very

important.

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FUNCTIONAL PLANNING OF BUILDINGS
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Objectives

 General

The basic objective of planning of buildings

to arrange all units of building on all floors if the building is on

the ground or on all levels if the building is a multi-storey

according to their functional requirement and making best use of
the space available for a building.

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 FUNCTIONAL PLANNING OF BUILDINGS
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Objectives

The basic objectives to develop a building plan is to provide

Sufficient and economical sizes of spaces.

Comfort for users.
Good relationships of spaces and rooms.
Possibilities for future expansion or extension.
It must also give good appearance

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 FUNCTIONAL PLANNING OF BUILDINGS
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Important factors to be considered in planning

a) Aspect:– arrangement of doors and windows in the external walls

of the building which allows the occupants to enjoy the natural
gifts such as sunshine, breeze.
 A room, which receives light and air from a particular side, is

said to have aspect of that direction.

 For instance, For a kitchen, E-aspect;

For bed rooms, S-W aspect or W-aspect and

For reading rooms, class rooms, stairs etc N-aspect
is normally preferred.

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 FUNCTIONAL PLANNING OF BUILDINGS
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Important factors to be considered in planning

b) Prospect:-It is the impression that the house has when it looks

from out side.
The building should have pleasing appearance by the use of
natural beauties; disposition of doors and windows.

c) Privacy:- important principle in planning of all types buildings.

 Privacy requires considerations in two ways

i) Privacy of one room from another.

ii) Privacy of all parts of building from the neighboring
buildings, public streets.

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 FUNCTIONAL PLANNING OF BUILDINGS
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Important factors to be considered in planning

d) Grouping:- It is the disposition of various rooms in the lay out in

a typical fashion. so that all rooms are placed in proper correlation
of their function and in due proximity with each other. The objective
of grouping is to maintain the sequence of their functions with
least interference.
e) Flexibility:- means planning a room or rooms for a specific use
though originally designed, may be used to serve other overlapping
purposes also, as and when desired.
f) Circulation- 1) Horizontal circulation: The movement space
provided on the same floor either between the rooms or with in the
room.
2) Vertical Circulation: The movement space between different
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 FUNCTIONAL PLANNING OF BUILDINGS
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Important factors to be considered in planning

g) Aesthetic merit-is the effect produced by the elevations and

general lay out of the plan. So, elevation should speak out the
internal facts and be indicative of the character.

h) Economy –is one the factor which affects the planning i.e. the
economy of the client may restrict the liberty of the architect and
may also require certain alterations and omissions in the original
plan.

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 FUNCTIONAL PLANNING OF BUILDINGS
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Functional planning of buildings can be classified in to two

1) Residential building.
2) Public building.
Three major factors to be considered in planning internal spaces of the
building.
I. Dimensional aspect. Minimum requirements (standards of spaces)
to usability or habitability.
II. Orientation, Lightening and Ventilation.
-preferable orientation for important rooms and spaces.
-size of windows relation to the room areas.
-climatic factors and functional requirement.
-functional door size.
III. Functional relationship of different spaces and rooms.
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 FUNCTIONAL PLANNING OF BUILDINGS
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1. Functional planning of residential building

A good residential building should fulfill the following requirements.

~ situated at good building site.
~ should be properly planned and designed to provide adequate
provision for reception, relaxation, child play, cooking, dinning,
sleeping, bathing, study, storage etc in the building.
~all rooms of building should be properly placed according to their
relative utility.
~the orientation should be properly designed to provide physical
comfort such as entrance of fresh air, morning sunrays, etc
~provide privacy to users inside as well as outside of the building.

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 FUNCTIONAL PLANNING OF BUILDINGS
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~ provide sufficient free movement to users i,e from one room to

another as well as from one floor to another incase it is a multi-
storey building.

~should be equipped with modern sanitary fittings and electric supply.

~provide flexibility so that religious ceremonies, get together and small

parties can be arranged in the building itself.

~ it should have good architectural appearance.

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 FUNCTIONAL PLANNING OF BUILDINGS
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~ Some important areas of building
1. Living area:- It is the area for general uses.
-for sitting, discussion, reception and meeting areas.
-preferable orientation is east, south east and south.
-living areas have strong relation with kitchen and dinning areas.
-directly accessible from main entrance of the building/house.

2.Sleeping area:- the size should accommodate the bed, wardrobe,

cabinet, chair etc
-Bath rooms included in bed rooms or in attached locations.
-Dressing area is important as part of the bed room.
-Sleeping areas are preferably located in the east, southeast, south
and south west.
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3.Dinning areas:- In most cases dinning areas are part of living rooms.
-The size should be sufficient enough for dinning table and
circulation.
- Orientation is similar to that of the living area.
- It has strong relation with kitchen and living area.
4. Kitchen:- It contains cooking area, sink area, storing and cabinet
areas.
-It can also combined with dinning areas.
-The size should accommodate the furniture for services and
circulation.
-The orientation can be north, northeast and northwest.
-It should accessible from backyard, store, dinning and living
area.
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 FUNCTIONAL PLANNING OF BUILDINGS
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5. Bath and WCs.

-size and type are determined by the fixtures and other installations to
be provided in the room.
-since it contains bad smell, ventilation is major consideration and
orientation is secondary.
-It should be approachable from all rooms requiring the service.

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2. Functional planning of public building

The planning depends up on functional requirements of building.

-the number of persons working or using the space.
-furniture or equipment to be installed or furnished.
-circulation spaces.

Some of the common public areas are:

1. Entrance lobbies and areas.
. Areas such as public information, reception areas, public toilet
services and circulation.
2. Working areas: It includes –offices, workshop spaces, factory
production areas, class rooms, restaurants.
3. Entertainment areas includes cafeteria, green area & play ground.
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THANK YOU!

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