breakdown of how Wiener filtering works and how it's used to deblur already blurred images:

Understanding the Deblurring Problem:

When an image is blurred, it means that the high-frequency components of the image, which
represent fine details and edges, have been attenuated or spread out.
The blurring process can be modeled as a convolution operation between the original image and
a Point Spread Function (PSF), which describes how each point in the original image spreads or
diffuses in the blurred image.

the Point Spread Function (PSF) as a magical map that shows how light or energy
spreads out from a single point in your image. Imagine you have a super tiny dot of
light in a completely dark room. If you take a picture of that dot, the PSF tells you how
that dot of light spreads out on your camera's sensor or film.

For example, if your camera is a bit blurry, the PSF might show that instead of being a
perfect dot, that tiny dot of light spreads out into a small, fuzzy circle on your picture.
This spreading out is what we call "blur."

PSF is crucial because it helps us understand how objects in the real world get
transformed into what we see in images. By knowing the PSF, we can try to reverse the
blurring process and make the picture sharper again using techniques like deblurring.

Understanding the PSF is crucial in tasks like deconvolution, where the goal is to reverse
the blurring effect introduced by the imaging system and recover the original image as
accurately as possible. By knowing the PSF, one can apply appropriate algorithms to
reverse or mitigate the blurring effect and enhance the image quality.

DIP Lecture 17: Image restoration and the Wiener filter (youtube.com)
The Wiener Filter:

The Wiener filter is a linear filter used to estimate the original signal or image from the blurred
version and the knowledge of the blurring process and noise characteristics.
It operates in the frequency domain, where the degraded image and the PSF are Fourier-
transformed.
Wiener Deconvolution:

In Wiener deconvolution, the Wiener filter is derived based on minimizing the mean square error
between the original image and the estimated image.
The Wiener filter is expressed as the ratio of the Fourier transform of the original image to the
sum of the Fourier transform of the blurred image and the inverse of the power spectrum of the
noise.
Application to Image Deblurring:
To deblur an already blurred image using Wiener filtering, you need to know or estimate the PSF
of the blurring process.
Once you have the PSF, you apply the Wiener filter to the degraded image in the frequency
domain.
The Wiener filter effectively amplifies the high-frequency components of the degraded image
while attenuating the noise.
Parameter Tuning:

The effectiveness of Wiener filtering in deblurring depends on the choice of parameters, such as
the regularization parameter, which controls the trade-off between noise amplification and blur
reduction.
These parameters may need to be adjusted based on the characteristics of the degradation and
noise present in the image.
Post-Processing:

After applying Wiener filtering, additional denoising techniques or post-processing steps may be
necessary to further enhance image clarity and quality.