NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

FACULTY OF APPLIED SCIENCES

DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED MATHEMATICS

SMA2102: ADVANCED LINEAR ALGEBRA

JANUARY 2013 SUPPLEMENTARY EXAMINATION:

Time : 3 hours

Candidates should attempt ALL questions from Section A [40 marks] and ANY THREE
Questions in Section B [60 marks].

SECTION A

A1. Determine whether the following transformations from V to W are linear:

(a) Show that the transformation T defined below is linear.

Z a
T : C[a, b] → R; T f = f (x)g(x)dx,
b

g is a fixed function in C[0, 1], where values of a and b are 0 and 1 respectively. [2]
(i) Let
 g0 = 1, a constant function and neglect limits a and b. Give the value of
T ff [5]
(ii) Hence using your answer to the question above, show that without the limits
a and b,  1  1 h  x i
= ln tan + A,
sin x 2 2
where A is a constant. [8]

A2. Let T : V → W be a linear transformation and {v1 , v2 , ..., vn } be a basis for V and
suppose that T vi = 0 for i ∈ {1, 2, ..., n}. Show that T is the zero transformation. [5]

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A3. Consider the transformation

T : Mnn → Mnn ; T (A) = At + A,

where A ∈ Mnn , the space of (n × n) matrices and At is its transpose. Find

(a) ker T , [5]

(b) the range of T , [5]
(c) the rank of T , [5]
(d) the nullity of T . [5]

SECTION B



x
B4. (a) In R3 let Π = { y  : x − 12 y + 32 z = 0}. Express the vector
  z
3
 −2  as h + p where h ∈ Π, p ∈ Π⊥ . [7]
4
(b) Construct an orthonormal basis for a subspace of Rn whose dimension is m,
verifying at each stage that the vectors, so contructed, are orthonormal. [7]
(c) Construct an orthonormal basis for the vector space H, where H is the solution
space of the system; [6]
   
x − 3y + z 0
 −2x + 2y − 3z  =  0  .
4x − 8y + 5z 0

B5. (a) Define a basis. [4]

(b) Write down the standard basis B1 in P2 , the space of polynomials of second
degree. [6]
(c) Another basis B2 = {4x − 1, 2x2 − x, 3x2 + 3} is taken.
(i) Verify that B2 is a basis. [3]
2
(ii) If the polynomial p(x) = a0 + a1 x + a2 x , write this polynomial in terms of
the polynomials in B2 . [7]

B6. (a) Define an inner product and an inner product space. [4+3]

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 (b) Consider the space R3 with the Euclidean inner product. Apply the Gram-
Schmidt process to transform the basis u1 = (1, 1, 1), u2 = (0, 1, 1) and u3 =
(0, 0, 1) into an orthonormal basis. [6]
(c) Let V be an inner product space and {v1 , v2 , v3 } be an orthonormal set of vectors
in V . If W denotes the space spanned by vectors v1 , v2 , ..., vn , show that every
vector u ∈ V can be expressed in the form u = w1 + w2 , where w1 is in W and
w2 is orthogonal to W . [7]

B7. (a) Determine the diagonalizability of the matrix Q below;

 
2 1 0
Q =  0 1 −1 
0 2 4

[10]
(b) Suppose V and W are finite dimensional vector spaces with dim V = n. Let T :
V → W be a linear transformation with a corresponding matrix of representation
AT . Prove that
(i) ρ(T ) = ρ(AT ). [4]
(ii) ν(T ) = ν(AT ). [3]
(iii) ν(T ) + ρ(T ) = n. [3]

END OF QUESTION PAPER

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