daviT malazonia sofiko lobJaniZe

Sorena maRlakeliZe nino WiabriSvili

naTia nacvliSvili

moqalaqeobrivi ganaTleba
moqalaqeobrivi
ganaTleba

9 789941 183676
 daviT malazonia sofiko lobJaniZe
Sorena maRlakeliZe nino WiabriSvili
naTia nacvliSvili

moqalaqeobrivi ganaTleba

saxelmZRvanelo

ilias saxelmwifo universiteti

2021
moqalaqeobrivi ganaTleba

CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION

saxelmZRvanelo momzadda ilias sax-

elmwifo universitetSi SoTa rusTavelis
erovnuli samecniero fondis fundamenturi
kvlevebis saxelmwifo samecniero grantis far-
glebSi (`demokratiuli moqalaqeoba saqarT-
velos skolebSi: gamowvevebi da ganviTarebis
gzebi~ #FR-18-1887)

redaqtori - naTia nacvliSvili

recenzenti - Tamar taliaSvili

kompiuteruli
uzrunvelyofa - Tamar stefnaZe

© avtorTa jgufi, 2021

ilias saxelmwifo universitetis gamomcemloba

qaquca ColoyaSvilis 3/5, Tbilisi, 0162, saqarTvelo

ILIA STATE UNIVERSITY PRESS

3/5 Cholokashvili Ave, Tbilisi, 0162, Georgia

ISBN 978-9941-18-367-6
 recenzia
informirebuli moqalaqeebis aRzrda demokratiuli sazoga-
doebis ganviTarebis gzaze aucilebeli, Tumca, arasakmarisi pi-
robaa imisaTvis, rom moswavlem SeZlos yoveldRiuri demokrati-
is praqtikis ganviTareba da ara mxolod masze saubari, saWiroa
moswavleTa samoqalaqo kompetenciebiT aRWurva, rac dResdReo-
biT zogadsaganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis aqtualur da ual-
ternativo mizans warmoadgens.
am TvalsazrisiT, winamdebare saxelmZRvanelo seriozul dax-
marebas gauwevs ara mxolod moqmed pedagogebs, aramed maswavle-
blis momzadebis programis studentebs da, zogadad, ganaTlebis
sakiTxebiT dainteresebul farTo sazogadoebas.
saxelmZRvaneloSi ganxilulia moqalaqeobrivi ganaTlebis
Tanamedrove koncefciebi da modelebi, amasTanave pedagogiuri
midgomebi da praqtikaSi maTi danergvis inovaciuri strategiebi,
rekomendaciebi da alternativebi.
warmodgenili Temebidan gansakuTrebiT aqtualuria aqtiuri
moqalaqeobisaTvis aucilebeli kompetenciebis maformirebeli
iseTi mniSvnelovani faqtorebis ganxilva, rogorebicaa: univer-
saluri swavlebis dizaini da skolis demokratiuli kultura;
socio-emociuri swavlis strategiebi da maTi gavlena moswav-
leTa moqalaqeobriv kompetenciebze; problemis SemoqmedebiTad
gadaWris inovaciuri midgomebi; interkulturuli ganaTlebis da
adamianis uflebebis swavlis aqtivobebi; sazogadoebrivi saqmi-
anobiT swavlis instrumentebi da resursebi da sxv.

ilias saxelmwifo universitetis profesori

Tamar taliaSvili

3
4
 Sinaarsi

Sesavali ...........................................................................................................................7
ANNOTATION ...............................................................................................................8
1. moqalaqeobrivi ganaTlebis normatiuli safuZvlebi ......................9
1.1. demokratiuli moqalaqeobis saerTaSoriso normatiuli
safuZvlebi .........................................................................................9
1.2. ganaTlebis politikis erovnuli dokumentebi.....................13

2. moqalaqeobrivi ganaTlebis arsi, mizani da perspeqtivebi ...........23

2.1. moqalaqeobrivi ganaTlebis misia, mizani da ganzomilebebi.... 23
2.2. moqalaqeobis tipebi da transformaciis perspeqtivebi ....28
2.3. moqalaqeobrivi ganaTlebis kurikulumi da skolis demokra-
tiuli kultura ..............................................................................34
2.4. moqalaqeobrivi ganaTlebis konteqsti ..................................42

3. socio-emociuri swavla moqalaqeobrivi ganaTlebisTvis ............51

3.1. socio-emociuri swavla ...........................................................51
3.2. socio-emociuri swavlis konceptualuri modeli...............52
3.3. socio-emociuri swavla da moqalaqeobrivi ganaTleba .......58
3.4. socio-emociuri swavlis danergva ........................................58
3.5. praqtikuli strategiebi socio-emociuri swavlis xelSe-
sawyobad............................................................................................62

4. problemis SemoqmedebiTad gadaWra moqalaqeobrivi ganaTlebi-

sTvis ...............................................................................................................................77
4.1. problemis SemoqmedebiTad gadaWra .......................................77
4.2. `bisociacia~ - orjer asociacia.............................................78
4.3. momavlis saxelosno .................................................................82
4.4. ideebis saxelosno ....................................................................86
4.5. morfologiuri yuTi ...............................................................89
4.6. SemTxvevis analiziT da dilemebiT swavleba ........................93

5. moqalaqeobriv ganaTlebasTan dakavSirebuli ZiriTadi sagan-

manaTleblo koncefciebi ................................................................................. 103
5.1. globaluri/msoflio moqalaqeoba ....................................... 103
5.2. adamianis uflebebi................................................................. 118
5.3. interkulturuli ganaTleba ................................................ 139

5
6. sazogadoebrivi saqmianobiT swavla ....................................................... 151
6.1. sazogadoebrivi saqmianobiT swavlis mizani da mniSvneloba
moqalaqeobrivi ganaTlebisTvis .................................................. 151
6.2. sazogadoebrivi saqmianobiT swavlis proeqtis gegma da Se-
fasebis instrumentebi .................................................................. 166
6.3. sazogadoebrivi saqmianobiT swavlis standarti ................ 182

bibliografia........................................................................................................... 187

6
 Sesavali
moqalaqeobrivi ganaTlebis saxelmZRvanelo gankuTvnilia
zogadsaganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis maswavleblebisa da ad-
ministraciuli personalisTvis, maswavleblis momzadebis pro-
gramebis studentebis, moqalaqeobrivi ganaTlebis sakiTxebze
momuSave samTavrobo da arasamTavrobo organizaciebisa da
sakiTxiT dainteresebuli farTe sazogadoebisTvis.
saxelmZRvanelo Sedgeba xuTi Tavisgan, romelSic ganxi-
lulia moqalaqeobrivi ganaTlebis sakanonmdeblo safuZvlebi,
mizani, SesaZleblobebi, misi efeqturad danergvis pedagogiuri
midgomebi da saukeTeso praqtikis magaliTebi.

ufro konkretulad, saxelmZRvaneloSi warmodgenilia:

kanonebi da sxva samarTlebrivi dokumentacia, romelic
sakanonmdeblo doneze uzrunvelyofs moswavleebSi de-
mokratiisa da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis ganviTarebis xelSewy-
obas; adamianis uflebebisa da maTi dacvis meqanizmebis gac-
nobierebasa da realizacias; demokratiisa da aqtiuri mo-
qalaqeobisaTvis aucilebeli kompetenciebis formirebas;
mdgradi ganviTarebis koncefciis gacnobierebasa da dacvas
da sxv.
moqalaqeobrivi ganaTlebis koncefciebi, mecnieruli Tval-
sazrisebi, miznebi, modelebi da Cvens praqtikaSi maTi danerg-
vis SesaZleblobebi;
socio-emociuri swavlis ZiriTadi principebi, socio-emoci-
uri swavlis strategiebi da maTi gavlena moswavleTa moqa-
laqeobriv kompetenciebze;
problemis SemoqmedebiTad gadaWris unarebis gasaviTarebe-
li ramdenime universaluri strategia, romelic qarTul sa-
ganmanaTleblo sivrceSi warmoadgens inovacias da romelTa
gamoyeneba SeuZlia nebismieri sagnisa da safexuris maswavleb-
els moswavleebSi zogadi ganaTlebis erovnuli miznebiTa da
erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT gansazRvruli moqalaqebrivi kom-
petenciebis ganviTarebis mizniT;
moswavleebSi moqalaqeobrivi kompetenciebis ganviTarebis
xelSemwyobi strategiebi, moqalaqeobriv da interkulturul
ganaTlebasTan da adamianis uflebebis swavlasTan dakavSire-
buli aqtivobebi da maTi ganxorcielebis instruqciebi;
 sazogadoebrivi saqmianobis saxeebi, maTi ganxorcielebis
etapebi, instrumentebi da resursebi, rac dagvexmareba Si-
naarsiani da sasargeblo proeqtebis ganxorcielebaSi.

7
 ANNOTATION
The Civic Education Guide is intended for teachers and administrative staff
of general education institutions, students in teacher training programs, govern-
mental and non-governmental organizations working on civic education issues,
and the general public interested in the subject.
The Guide consists of five chapters, which discuss the legislative founda-
tions, purpose, opportunities, pedagogical approaches to its effective implemen-
tation, and examples of best practices.

More specifically, the Guide presents:

Laws and other legal documents that promote the development of democ-
racy and civil society in students at the legislative level; Understanding and
realization of human rights and mechanisms for their protection; Formation
of competencies necessary for democracy and active citizenship; Under-
standing and observing the concept of sustainable development, etc.
Concepts of civic education, scientific views, goals, models and opportuni-
ties for their implementation in our practice;
Basic principles of socio-emotional learning, socio-emotional learning strat-
egies and their impact on students’ civic competencies;
Several universal strategies for developing problem-solving creative skills,
which represent an innovation in the Georgian educational space and which
can be used by teachers of any subject and level to develop civic competen-
cies in students, defined by the national goals of general education and the
national curriculum;
Strategies supporting the development of civic competencies in students, ac-
tivities related to civic and intercultural education and learning human rights
and instructions for their implementation;
Types of public activities, stages of their implementation, tools and resourc-
es that will help us in the implementation of meaningful and useful projects.

8
 1. moqalaqeobrivi ganaTlebis normatiuli
safuZvlebi
1.1. demokratiuli moqalaqeobis saerTaSoriso normatiuli
safuZvlebi
Tanamedrove samyaros globaluri gamowveva demokratiuli
sazogadoebis mSeneblobaa. demokratiuli sazogadoeba moiTxovs
demokratiuli moqalaqeobis ganviTarebas. Tavis mxriv, gana-
TlebaSi demokratiuli moqalaqeobis arsi efuZneba evrosabWos
mier SemuSavebul qartias `ganaTleba demokratiuli moqalaqeo-
bisaTvis da adamianis uflebebis swavleba” (2010) (https://rm.coe.
int/1680487880). qartiis ganmartebiT, `ganaTleba demokratiuli
moqalaqeobisaTvis~ niSnavs ganaTlebas, wvrTnas, cnobierebis
amaRlebas, informacias, praqtikasa da saqmianobebs, romelTa
mizans warmoadgens moswavleebisa da studentebisaTvis cod-
nis gadacemis, unarebis, damokidebulebebisa da qcevis wesebis
Camoyalibebis gziT, maTTvis im resursebis miwodebas, romelic
saSualebas miscemT, gamoiyenon da daicvan maTdami miniWebuli
demokratiuli uflebebi da pasuxismgeblobebi, daafason mraval-
ferovneba da aqtiuri roli iTamaSon demokratiuli cxovrebis
wesSi, demokratiis principebisa da kanonis uzenaesobis danergvi-
sa da dacvis saSualebiT.
qartiis ZiriTadi mizanebia: (a) nebismieri pirisaTvis de-
mokratiuli moqalaqeobisaTvis ganaTlebisa da adamianis ufle-
baTa swavlebis xelmisawvdomobis uzrunvelyofa; (b) moswavleTa
da studentebis momzadeba sazogadoebaSi moqmedebisaTvis, rac
gamoixateba adamianis uflebaTa, demokratiisa da kanonis uzen-
aesobis dacvisa da xelSewyobisaTvis mzadyofnaSi.
miznebis Sesabamisad, efeqturi swavla-swavleba moicavs dain-
teresebul mxareTa farTo speqtrs, maT Soris, politikur pirebs,
saganmanaTleblo sferoSi moRvawe profesionalebs, moswavlee-
bsa da studentebs, mSoblebs, saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebs,
ganaTlebis sferos xelmZRvanelebs, saxelmwifo mosamsaxuree-
bs, arasamTavrobo organizaciebs, axalgazrdul organizaciebs,
masobriv sainformacio saSualebebsa da sazogadoebas. qartiis
mixedviT, demokratiuli moqalaqeobisaTvis ganaTlebisa da ada-
mianis uflebaTa swavlebis arsebiT elements warmoadgens so-
cialuri erTobisa da kulturaTSorisi dialogis xelSewyoba,
agreTve, mravalferovnebisa da Tanasworuflebianobis dafaseba.

9
am mimarTulebiT, mniSvnelovania codnis SeZena, pirovnuli da so-
cialuri unarebis gamomuSaveba da naTeli warmodgenebis Seqmna,
romlebic amcirebs konfliqtebis warmoqmnis SesaZleblobebs da
zrdis sxvadasxva religiur Tu eTnikur jgufs Soris gansxvave-
baTa jerovnad Sefasebisa da gagebis SesaZleblobebs, qmnis ada-
mianuri Rirsebebisadmi urTierTpativiscemis garemos da saerTo
Rirebulebebs, xels uwyobs dialogis warmoebas da problemebisa
da sakamaTo sakiTxebis Zaladobis gareSe mogvarebas.
demokratiuli sazogadoebis Camoyalibebis mniSvnelo-
baze miuTiTebs mTeli rigi deklaraciebi, dadgenilebebi da
gadawyvetilebebi, romlebic qmnian demokratiuli sazogadoebis
arsebobisa da ganviTarebis sakanonmdeblo bazas. XX saukunis 40-
iani wlebis bolos gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis general-
uri asambleis mier miRebul iqna `adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao
deklaracia~. deklaraciaSi saubaria ganaTlebis mniSvnelobaze
demokratiuli moqalaqeobis ganviTarebis procesSi. kerZod,
yvelasaTvis uzrunvelyofili unda iyos xarisxiani ganaTleba;
ganaTleba mimarTuli unda iyos adamianis pirovnebis sruli gan-
viTarebisaken da adamianis uflebebis pativiscemisa da ZiriTadi
Tavisuflebebis gaZlierebisaken. man xeli unda Seuwyos urT-
ierTgagebas, Semwynareblobasa da megobrobas erebs, rasobriv da
religiur jgufebs Soris (Art. 26.2, Universal Declaration of Human
Rights, 1948).
saerTaSoriso konvencia `kulturuli TviTgamoxatvis, mra-
valferovnebis dacvisa da xelSewyobis Sesaxeb~ (iunesko, 2005) aRi-
arebs Rirebulebebisa da kulturuli TviTgamoxatvis aucile-
blobas, rogorc demokratiis aucilebel pirobas. konvencia qmnis
kulturis, mecnierebisa da ganaTlebis sferoebSi saerTaSori-
so TanamSromlobis ganviTarebis meqanizmebs. amasTan, igi adas-
turebs saxelmwifoTa suverenul uflebas, SeimuSaos erovnuli
politika `kulturuli TviTgamoxatvis mravalferovnebis dacvi-
sa da xelSewyobis~ mizniT, raTa Seqmnan, awarmoon, gaavrcelon,
gaanawilon da xelmisawvdomi gaxadon kulturuli TviTgamox-
atvis sakuTari modelebi. msoflio sazogadoebis yuradRebis
centrSi dgas erovnuli umciresobebis sakiTxi. aRniSnulis da-
dasturebaa 1995 wels evrosabWos mier miRebuli `erovnul um-
ciresobaTa dacvis Sesaxeb~ CarCo konvencia. (ratificirebulia
saqarTvelos parlamentis 2005 wlis 13 oqtombris N 1938 dad-
genilebiT). konvenciaSi aqcenti keTdeba erovnuli umcireso-

10
bebis warmomadgenelTa uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis dacvaze.
konvenciis xelmomweri mxareebi valdebulebas iReben: (a) miiRon
efeqturi zomebi maT teritoriebze mcxovreb yvela pirs Soris
urTierTpativiscemis, urTierTgagebisa da TanamSromlobis mxar-
dasaWerad, kerZod, ganaTlebis, kulturisa da masmediis sferoSi,
miuxedavad am pirebis eTnikuri, kulturuli, lingvisturi an re-
ligiuri kuTvnilebisa; (b) aRiaron, rom TiToeul pirs, romelic
miekuTvneba erovnul umciresobas, aqvs ufleba, gamoamJRavnos
misi religia an rwmena da Seqmnas religiuri dawesebulebebi, or-
ganizaciebi da asociaciebi; (g) xeli ar SeuSalon im pirebis mier
beWvdiTi masmediis saSualebebis Seqmnasa da gamoyenebas, rom-
lebic miekuTvnebian erovnul umciresobebs; (d) miiRon zomebi
ganaTlebisa da kvlevis sferoSi TavianTi erovnuli umcireso-
bebisa da umravlesobis kulturis, istoriis, enisa da religiis
codnis gasaRrmaveblad; (e) uzrunvelyon moswavleTa/studentTa
saskolo, profesiuli da umaRlesi ganaTlebis xelmisawvdomoba
da xeli Seuwyon sxvadasxva sazogadoebrivi jgufis moswavleebs/
studentebsa da maswavleblebs Soris kavSirebis gaRrmavebas da
a.S.
oslos rekomendaciebSi (1998) dakonkretebulia erovnuli
umciresobebis mxridan mSobliuri enis gamoyenebis sferoebi da
daSvebebi. igi, ZiriTadad, exeba erovnuli umciresobebis ufle-
bas, saganmanaTleblo, politikur, ekonomikur, religiur, samar-
Talwarmoebis, mediisa da sxva asparezze saqmianobisas, gamoiy-
enon mSobliuri ena da am enazeve miiRon saTanado informacia.
haagis rekomendaciebi `erovnul umciresobaTa ganaTlebis
uflebebTan dakavSirebiT” (1996), aseve exmianeba umciresobaTa
ganaTlebis sakiTxebs.
zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, cxadia, rom umciresobaTa
uflebebi ganaTlebis sferoSi euTos monawile rigi qveynebi-
saTvis Zalze faqizi sakiTxia. amasTanave, saganmanaTleblo pro-
cesi potenciurad imis SemZlecaa, rom qmediTad Seuwyos xeli
mosaxleobis sxvadasxva jgufs Soris urTierTpativiscemisa da
urTierTgagebis atmosferos Camoyalibebasa da ganmtkicebas.
demokratiuli moqalaqeobis koncefcia droTa ganmavlobaSi
viTardeba da ganaTlebis sferos maregulirebel dokumentebSi
sxvadasxva formiT aisaxeba. amis dasturia evropis masStabiT
bolo wlebSi erT-erTi yvelaze aqtualuri dokumenti `demokra-
tiuli kulturis kompetenciebis sarekomendacio CarCo~ (2018).

11
 `demokratiuli kulturis kompetenciebis axali modelis~
mniSvneloba, rogorc saganmanaTleblo, aseve, politikuri Tval-
sazrisiT, 2016 wels briuselSi gamarTul ministerialze miRe-
buli deklaraciiTac dadasturda (https://rm.coe.int/16806b9405). es
modeli moicavs kulturis samive ganzomilebas – materialur,
socialur da subieqtur komponentebs da, aseve, demokratiuli
kulturisa da interkulturuli urTierTobis dRemde arsebul
da saerTaSorisod aRiarebul 101 sqemas. kompetenciebis axa-
li modeli aerTianebs 20 kompetencias da maT 447 aRmwers, e.w.
deskriptors. dokumentSi kompetenciebi dajgufebulia 4 prior-
itetul mimarTulebad / jgufad:

pirveli jgufi - Rirebulebebi. moicavs Semdeg kompetenciebs:

 sxva adamianebis, adamianis Rirsebisa da uflebebis dafaseba
 kulturuli mravalferovnebisa da kulturuli gansxvavebu-
lobis dafaseba
 demokratiis, samarTlianobis, keTilsindisierebis, Tanas-
worobisa da kanonis uzenaesobis dafaseba

meore jgufi - damokidebulebebi. moicavs Semdeg kompeten-

ciebs:
 kulturuli gansxvavebulobisa da sxva rwmenisadmi, mso-
flmxedvelobis, Sexedulebebisa Tu praqtikisadmi toleran-
tuli damokidebulebisaTvis mzaoba
 pativiscema da tolerantuli damokidebuleba sxva adamian-
ebisadmi, gansxvavebuli rwmenis, msoflmxedvelobisa da praq-
tikisadmi
 moqalaqeobrivi azrovneba
 pasuxismgebloba
 Tavdajerebuloba
 gaurkvevlobisadmi Semwynarebluri damokidebuleba

mesame jgufi - unarebi. moicavs Semdeg kompetenciebs:

 damoukideblad swavlis unar-Cvevebi
 analitikuri da kritikuli azrovnebis unar-Cvevebi
 mosmenis da dakvirvebis unar-Cvevebi
 empaTia
 moqniloba da Seguebis unari
 enobrivi, komunikaciuri da mravalenobrivi unarebi

12
 TanamSromlobis unar-Cvevebi
 konfliqtebis mogvarebis unar-Cvevebi

meoTxe jgufi - codna da kritikuli gaazreba. moicavs Semdeg

kompetenciebs:
 sakuTari Tavis Secnoba-Semecneba da kritikuli aRqma
 enisa da komunikaciis Secnoba-Semecneba da kritikuli aRqma
 msoflios (politikis, kanonis, adamianis uflebebis, kultu-
ris, kulturaTa, religiebis, istoriis, mediis, ekonomikis,
garemos dacvisa da mdgradi ganviTarebis) Secnoba-Semecneba
da kritikuli aRqma

dokumentis SemuSavebis procesSi, sxva qveynebTan erTad,

aqtiurad iyo CarTuli saqarTvelo. `demokratiuli kulturis
kompetenciebis sarekomendacio CarCo” ganaTlebis sistemis yve-
la safexuris, yvela mimarTulebis Sinaarss zedmiwevniT miesad-
ageba, radgan swored ganaTleba qmnis safuZvels demokratiuli
moqalaqeobisaTvis. modelis danergva demokratiuli moqalaqeo-
bis swavlis, swavlebisa da Sefasebis saSualebas gvaZlevs.
globalizaciisa da teqnologiuri ganviTarebis procesSi
gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas iZens demokratiul moqalaqeo-
basTan dakavSrebuli problemebis gamovlena da maTi gadaWris
efeqturi strategiebis SemuSaveba, raSic umniSvnelovanes rols
swored ganaTleba asrulebs. ganaTlebas SeuZlia socialuri er-
Tianobisa da mSvidobiani Tanaarsebobis gaZliereba im saswavlo
programebis saSualebiT, romlebic xels Seuwyobs sxvadasxva
kulturis, rwmenisa da religiis moswavleebs/studentebs So-
ris dialogis ganviTarebas. arsebuli viTarebis gaumjobeseba
aucileblad moiTxovs moqalaqeobrivi ganaTlebis sakiTxebze aq-
centirebas, ramdenadac aseT ganaTlebas SeuZlia mniSvnelovani
wvlili Seitanos mdgradi da tolerantuli sazogadoebis Camoya-
libebaSi (UNESCO’s Guidelines on intercultural education).

1.2. ganaTlebis politikis erovnuli dokumentebi

saqarTvelosTvis samoqalaqo sazogadoebis formireba mniS-
vnelovan prioritets warmoadgens. am mxriv, erT-erTi fundamen-
turi dokumenti saqarTvelos konstituciaa (1995). konstituciis
me-14 muxliT aRiarebulia adamianis Tavisuflebisa da Tanas-

13
worobis principebi. Tavisufleba da Tanasworoba ar SeiZleba
SeizRudos raime ganmasxvavebeli niSniT: rasiT, kanis feriT, eniT,
sqesiT, religiiT, politikuri da sxva SexedulebiT, erovnuli,
eTnikuri da socialuri kuTvnilebiT, warmoSobiT, qonebrivi da
wodebrivi mdgomareobiT, sacxovrebeli adgiliT da sxva.

kanoni `zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb” adasturebs ganaTlebis

`Tanabar xelmisawvdomobas yvelasTvis” (muxli 3.2.a). kanonis amave
muxlSi ganmartebulia zogadi ganaTlebis saxelmwifo politi-
kis ZiriTadi miznebi, romelTagan SeiZleba aRiniSnos: moswavlis
erovnuli da zogadsakacobrio Rirebulebebis mqone, Tavisufal
pirovnebad CamoyalibebisaTvis saWiro pirobebis Seqmna; moswav-
lis gonebrivi da fizikuri unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba, aucile-
beli codniT uzrunvelyofa, cxovrebis jansaRi wesis damkvi-
dreba, demokratiul Rirebulebebze damyarebuli samoqalaqo
cnobierebis Camoyalibeba, moswavlis mier kulturul Rirebule-
baTa pativiscema, ojaxis, sazogadoebis, saxelmwifosa da garemos
winaSe ufleba-movaleobebis gacnobierebaSi xelis Sewyoba.
kanonis meore Tavi exeba moswavlis, mSoblisa da maswavleblis
ZiriTad uflebebsa da Tavisuflebebs. me-13 muxliT - `neitral-
uroba da aradiskriminaciuloba” - zogadsaganmanaTleblo dawe-
sebulebaSi ikrZaleba saswavlo procesis politizeba; skolaSi
saswavlo procesis religiuri indoqtrinaciis, prozelitiz-
mis an iZulebiTi asimilaciis miznebisaTvis gamoyeneba. amasTan,
kanoni ar zRudavs sajaro skolaSi saxelmwifo dResaswaulebisa
da istoriuli TariRebis aRniSvnas, agreTve, iseTi RonisZiebis
Catarebas, romelic mimarTulia erovnuli da zogadsakacobrio
Rirebulebebis damkvidrebisaken.
sayuradRebod migvaCia kanonis is nawili, sadac zogadsa-
ganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis erT-erT ZiriTad valdebulebad
gacxadebulia: a) moswavleebs, mSoblebs da maswavleblebs So-
ris Semwynareblobisa da urTierTpativiscemis damkvidrebis
xelSewyoba, ganurCevlad maTi socialuri, eTnikuri, religiuri,
lingvisturi da msoflmxedvelobrivi kuTvnilebisa; b) umcireso-
bebis wevrebis individualuri da koleqtiuri uflebis ganuxre-
li dacva. es ki niSnavs maTi fundamenturi uflebis - Tavisuflad
isargeblon mSobliuri eniT, SeinarCunon da gamoxaton TavianTi
kulturuli kuTvnileba - xelSeuxeblobas (muxli 13).
kanonis me-18 muxli aregulirebs `rwmenis Tavisuflebis~

14
sakiTxebs - dauSvebelia moswavles, mSobels da maswavlebels dae-
kisroT iseTi valdebulebebis Sesruleba, romlebic Zireulad
ewinaaRmdegeba maT rwmenas, aRmsareblobas an sindiss. religiuri
simbolikis ganTavseba sajaro skolis teritoriaze SesaZlebelia
im SemTxvevaSi, Tu is emsaxureba garkveul akademiur miznebs. amas-
Tan, sajaro skolis moswavleebs ufleba aqvT, saskolo droisgan
Tavisufal dros nebayoflobiT Seiswavlon religia an Caataron
religiuri rituali, Tu igi emsaxureba religiuri ganaTlebis
miRebas.

zogadi ganaTlebis erovnul miznebSi (2004) miTiTebulia, rom

saqarTveloSi zogadi ganaTlebis sistema miznad isaxavs, Seqmnas
xelsayreli pirobebi `erovnuli da zogadsakacobrio Rirebule-
bebis matarebeli, Tavisufali pirovnebis CamoyalibebisaTvis~.
am miznis miRweva ukavSirdeba saganmanaTleblo procesis ise-
Ti SinaarsiT organizebas, romelic moswavleebs Camouyalibebs
liberalur da demokratiul Rirebulebebze damyarebul moqa-
laqeobriv cnobierebas da daexmareba maT, gaacnobieron Tavi-
anTi ufleba-movaleobebi ojaxis, sazogadoebisa da saxelmwifos
winaSe.
zogadi ganaTlebis erovnuli miznebi moicavs ramdenime, erT-
maneTTan dakavSirebul prioritetul mimarTulebas. rac Seexeba
uSualod moqalaqeobrivi ganaTlebisa da samoqalaqo aqtiuro-
bis gamomxatvel punqtebs, maTSi aRniSnulia, rom `saqarTvelos
zogadi ganaTlebis sistemaSi miRebuli gamocdilebis safuZvel-
ze mozardma unda SeZlos qveynis interesebis, tradiciebisa da
Rirebulebebis mimarT sakuTari pasuxismgeblobis gaazreba; sas-
kolo ganaTlebam unda ganuviTaros mozards unari, rom sworad
gansazRvros sakuTari qveynis saxelmwifoebrivi, kulturuli,
ekonomikuri da politikuri interesebi da misces mas sasikeTo
gadawyvetilebaTa miRebisa da aqtiuri moqmedebis SesaZlebloba~.
zogadi ganaTlebis erT-erT umniSvnelovanes miznad, aseve,
gansazRvrulia kanonmorCili, toleranti moqalaqis aRzrda,
romlis realizaciis aucileblobis dasabuTebaSi vkiTxulobT:
`dRevandel dinamikur, eTnikurad da kulturulad mravalfero-
van samyaroSi sazogadoebis funqcionirebisaTvis gansakuTrebul
mniSvnelobas iZens urTierTpativiscemis, urTierTgagebisa da
urTierTSemecnebis Cvevebi. skolam unda gamoumuSaos mozards
adamianis uflebebis dacvisa da pirovnebis pativiscemis unari,

15
romelsac igi gamoiyenebs sakuTari da sxvisi TviTmyofadobis
SesanarCuneblad. mozards unda SeeZlos adamianis arsebiTi
uflebebis Sesaxeb miRebuli Teoriuli codnis ganxorcieleba da
am principebiT cxovreba~.

erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi dokumenti, romelSic deklari-

rebulia moswavleebSi moqalaqeobrivi kompetenciebis amaRlebis
aucilebloba, erovnuli saswavlo gegmaa. axali, 2018-2024 wlebis
erovnuli saswavlo gegmis pirvel TavSi `erovnuli saswavlo
gegmis struqtura da zogadi ganaTlebis safexurebi~ (muxli 7)
zogadi ganaTlebis miznebad gansazRvrulia, moswavles ganuvi-
Tardes/Camouyalibdes: kulturuli memkvidreobis dafasebisa da
masze zrunvis unari; enobrivi da kulturuli mravalferovnebis
gaazrebisa da dafasebis unari; sakuTari da gansxvavebuli kul-
turis warmomadgenlebTan/jgufebTan warmatebuli komunikaciis
unari; jansaRi cxovrebis unar-Cvevebi; enis, rogorc Semecnebis,
azrovnebis, TviTgamoxatvisa da komunikaciis saSualebis gamoy-
enebis unari; konfliqtebis araZaladobrivi meTodebiT marTvis
unari.
erovnuli saswavlo gegmis mniSvnelovan siaxles warmoad-
gens ganaTlebis enebisa da enobrivi ganaTlebis sakiTxi. doku-
mentSi aRniSnulia, rom samoqalaqo Tanasworobisa da integra-
ciis xelSesawyobad, aucilebelia araqarTulenovan skolebsa da
seqtorebSi SemecnebiTi da enobrivi unarebis saxelmwifo enaze
ganviTareba, rac orenovani ganaTlebiT miiRweva. orenovani ga-
naTleba safuZvels unda uqmnides orenovan wignierebas.
yuradReba eTmoba skolis saerTo kulturis Camoyalibebis/
ganviTarebis xelSemwyob RonisZiebebs (saskolo proeqtebi, spor-
tuli, saxelovnebo da saklubo aqtivobebi), ramac xeli unda Seu-
wyos urTierTpativiscemis, Semwynareblobisa da Tanasworobis
damkvidrebas moswavleebs, mSoblebsa da maswavleblebs Soris,
ganurCevlad maTi socialuri, eTnikuri, religiuri, lingvis-
turi da msoflmxedvelobrivi kuTvnilebisa - `skolis saerTo
kulturam xeli unda Seuwyos mozards imis gaazrebaSi, rom yove-
li adamiani warmoadgens garkveuli enis, kulturis, tradiciis
matarebel individs, romelsac Tavisi unikaluri wvlilis Setana
SeuZlia qveynisa Tu sazogadoebis winsvlaSi. es stimuls miscems
mozardis srulfasovan ganviTarebas da daexmareba mas kultur-
aTSorisi dialogis warmarTvaSi rogorc qveynis SigniT, ise mis
farglebs gareT”.
16
 erovnuli saswavlo gegmis dawyebiTi safexuris sagnobriv
standartebSi ikveTeba moqalaqeobrivi ganaTlebis xelSemwyobi
rigi moTxovnebi.
sazogadoebrivi mecnierebebis blokdan (Tavi XV) dawyebiT
safexurze inergeba axali sagani `me da sazogadoeba~. sagnis swav-
lebis mizania: moswavles Camouyalibos pasuxismgebloba da mz-
runveli damokidebuleba sakuTari Tavis, ojaxis, Temis, bune-
brivi garemosa da kulturuli memkvidreobis mimarT. sagani
moicavs ramdenime mimarTulebas, romelTa Soris moqalaqeobrivi
ganaTlebis konteqsts esadageba `socialur-kulturuli ganvi-
Tareba, moqalaqeoba da usafrTxoeba”. aRniSnuli mimarTuleba
humanuri Rirebulebebis (araZaladobrivi gzebiT moqmedeba, Sem-
wynarebloba, Tanasworoba) Camoyalibebasa da aqtiuri moqalaqis
aRzrdas uwyobs xels.
moqalaqeobrivi ganaTlebis TvalsazrisiT, sayuradReboa `me
da sazogadoebis” mesame klasisTvis gankuTvnili ramdenime Tema/
problema:
 ratom da rogor unda vceT pativi Tanaklaselebs, maswavleb-
lebsa da skolis sxva personals?
 rogor aviridoT an gadavWraT TanatolebTan konfliqti mS-
vidobianad?
 risi gakeTeba SemiZlia saskolo garemos gasaumjobeseblad
Cems TanatolebTan erTad?
 ra gvaerTianebs da ra saerTo sazrunavi gvaqvs Cveni ubnis
mcxovreblebs?
 ratom aris mniSvnelovani erTmaneTis pativiscema TemSi mSvi-
dobiani TanacxovrebisTvis?

V-VI klasebSi iswavleba sagani `Cveni saqarTvelo”. sagnis

swavleba miznad isaxavs, moswavles: daexmaros sakuTari qveynis
mravalmxrivad danaxvasa da SecnobaSi; gaacnobierebinos, rom
saqarTvelos eTnografiuli, bunebrivi, eTnikuri, religiur-
kulturuli mravalferovneba qveynis simdidrea; ganuviTaros
samoqalaqo sazogadoebaSi cxovrebisTvis saWiro unar-Cvevebi.
CvenTvis sayuradReboa sagnis swavlebis erT-erTi mimar-
Tuleba - `socialur-kulturuli ganviTareba, moqalaqeoba da
usafrTxoeba”. aRniSnuli mimarTuleba warmodgenilia iseTi
TemebiTa da aqtivobebiT, romlebic moswavles daexmareba saqa-
rTvelos eTnikuri, kulturul-religiuri mravalferovnebis

17
gaazrebasa da mravalferovnebis mimarT pozitiuri damokideb-
ulebis Camoyalibeba-gamovlenaSi.

qarTulis, rogorc meore enis standartSi (muxli 59) miTiTe-

bulia, rom sagnis swavleba iTvaliswinebs iseTi konkretuli amo-
canebis gadaWras, romlebic moswavles daexmareba:
 aiTvisos rogorc enobrivi, ise kulturuli informacia;
 SeiZinos ucxo kulturis gagebis unari;
 Camouyalibdes sxvadasxva tipis damokidebuleba (pirovnul
gansxvavebaTa dafaseba da pativiscema; enobriv-kulturuli
kuTvnilebis gancda; enebis swavlis survili da sxva).

dawyebiT safexurze sagnis swavlebis miznad gansazRvrulia

moswavlis enobriv-kulturuli gamocdilebis gamdidreba. amave
safexuris bolos misaRwevi Sedegebidan aRsaniSnavia Temis: `so-
ciokultura da kultura” Sinaarsi, ramac unda uzrunvelyos mo-
swavleebis codna dResaswaulebisa da tradiciebis (festivalebi,
karnavalebi, Sesabamisi aqsesuarebi, ritualebi) da wes-Cveule-
bebis (yofiT situaciebSi qcevebi da urTierTobebi) Sesaxeb.

saganmanaTleblo miznebidan gamomdinare, aseve, mniSvnelova-

nia ucxouri enebis swavleba skolaSi, romelic iTvaliswinebs
konkretuli amocanebis gadaWras da gamoyofs sam kategorias:
1. sxvadasxva tipis codnis SeZena (ucxoenovani qveynebis so-
ciokulturisa da kulturis gacnoba);
2. sxvadasxva saxis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba (samoqalaqo un-
ar-Cvevebi);
3. damokidebulebebis Camoyalibeba: mravalferovnebis da-
faseba da pativiscema; enobriv-kulturuli kuTvnilebis gancda;
kulturuli garemos TviTmyofadobis, misi ganumeoreblobis da-
faseba da pativiscema; pozitiuri damokidebuleba, rogorc kul-
turuli, ise individualuri mravalferovnebis mimarT da misi,
rogorc samyaros mravalferovnebis kerZo gamovlinebis aRqma;
interesi ucxo samyaros mimarT.

moqalaqeobrivi kompetenciebis ganviTarebas emsaxureba

esTetikuri aRzrdis miznebi da amocanebi (Tavi XVIII). esTe-
tikuri aRzrdis miznebs warmoadgens moswavlisTvis samyaros
erTianobis gancdis Camoyalibeba; erovnuli, sxva erisa da

18
zogadsakacobrio kulturis dafasebis, gansxvavebuli azrisa
da msoflmxedvelobis, adamianis Sromis mimarT pativiscemis
grZnobis gamomuSaveba. rac Seexeba esTetikuri aRzrdis swav-
lebis amocanebs, moqalaqeobriv ganaTlebasTan kavSirSi unda
aRiniSnos Semdegi: moswavlis ziareba erovnul da msoflio
kulturul RirebulebebTan.

SedarebiT sustadaa gaTvaliswinebuli moqalaqeobrivi

kompetenciebis ganviTareba qarTuli enisa da literaturis
standartSi. dawyebiT safexurze sagnis swavlebi erT-erTi
mimarTuleba: mxatvruli teqstis gageba da TviTgamoxatva gu-
lisxmobs iseTi Tematikis sakiTxebis gaSuqebas, rac SesaZloa
xels uwyobdes mravalferovnebis aRqmasa da mis mimarT Riaobis
damokidebulebis formirebas. kerZod, sagnis TematikaSi gaT-
valisiwnebulia moTxrobebi bavSvTa ocnebebsa da fantaziebze,
maT cxovrebaze, zneobriv problemebze, adamianur urTierTo-
bebze, adamianisa da bunebis urTierTobaze; patriotuli da
samoqalaqo JReradobis, istoriul Tematikaze Seqmnili nawar-
moebebi.
moqalaqeobrivi ganaTleba da kompetenciebi garkveulwilad
asaxulia qarTuli enisa da literaturis saswavlo miznebSic.
kerZod, moswavle unda acnobierebdes erovnul da zogadsakaco-
brio kulturas, rogorc cvlilebisa da ganviTarebis mudmivmo-
qmed process. mas unda SeeZlos:
 literaturul nawarmoebSi asaxuli problematikis mimarT
sakuTari damokidebulebis gamoxatva, pirovnuli poziciis
Camoyalibeba da misi argumentireba;
 literaturul nawarmoebebSi asaxuli Rirebulebebis aRqma-
gaazreba da maT mimarT sakuTari damokidebulebis gamoxatva;
 qarTuli da msoflio literaturuli procesebisa da univer-
saluri literaturuli Temebis urTierTkavSiris gaazreba.

sabazo safexurze (VII-IX klasebSi) istoriis swavlebis miznad

gansazRvrulia moswavlisaTvis istoriuli procesis sxvadasxva
kuTxiT (politikuri, socialuri, ekonomikuri, kulturuli,
religiuri) warmodgena. sagani - samoqalaqo ganaTleba moswav-
les unda daexmaros sakuTari identobis ganviTarebaSi, TviT-
gamorkvevaSi. mozardma unda SesZlos sakuTari Tavisa Tu sxvebis
aRqma sxvadasxva konteqstis wevrebad da maTi pirovnebebad gac-

19
nobiereba; man unda gaiazros Tavisufleba, rogorc ufleba da,
amave dros, pasuxismgebloba da SeZlos sazogadoebis, rogorc
gansxvavebuli interesebis, Rirebulebebis, moTxovnilebebis
mqone subieqtebis urTierTdakavSirebuli kompleqsuri mTliano-
bis gaazreba.

saSualo safexurze (X-XII klasebSi) istoriis swavlebam xeli

unda Seuwyos moswavlis patriot da politikurad ganaTle-
bul moqalaqed Camoyalibebas. geografiis SeswavliT, moswavle
gaecnoba msoflio qveynebis ZiriTad maxasiaTeblebs, maTSi mimdi-
nare sxvadasxva procesebsa da movlenebs; samoqalaqo ganaTleba
daexmareba moswavles, daeuflos interkulturul wignierebasa
da urTierTobebs, ganiviTaros TanamSromlobis kultura.

sazogadoebrivi mecnierebebis blokSi Semavali sagnebis Si-

naarsisa da didaqtikuri amocanebis mimarTebebi moqalaqeobrivi
ganaTlebis ZiriTad sakiTxebTan warmodgenilia sagnebis swav-
lebis calkeuli mimarTulebebis mixedviTac. Cven aq sagangebod
SevCerdebiT mxolod im mimarTulebebze, romlebic Sinaarso-
brivad dakavSirebulia moswavleTa moqalaqeobriv ganaTlebasa
da sxvadasxva identobisadmi pozitiuri damokidebulebis Camoya-
libebis sakiTxebTan. es mimarTulebebia:
1. kultura da religia - mimarTulebis mizania, moswavles
daanaxos dedamiwaze adamianis mier Seqmnili kulturuli memkvi-
dreobis mravalferovneba da daexmaros mis klasificirebaSi.
2. adamiani da sazogadoeba - mimarTulebis mizania, moswavlem
icodes, Tu rogori iyo sxvadasxva istoriul epoqaSi sxvadasxva
socialuri fenis adamianebis uflebrivi mdgomareoba da sazoga-
doebriv cxovrebaSi maTi CarTulobis xarisxi.
3. garemo da socialuri sistemebi - mimarTulebis Sedegebi
moswavleebs amyarebinebs kavSirs garemosa da sazogadoebas So-
ris.

maswavleblis eTikis kodeqsi gansazRvravs pedagogTa ZiriTad

ufleba-movaleobebs, disciplinuri gadacdomebis saxeebs da,
Sesabamisad, maTi darRvevis SemTxvevaSi gaTvaliswinebul saxde-
lebs.
maswavlebelTa eTikis kodeqsSi zogadsaganmanaTleblo
dawesebulebis TanamSromelTa (maswavlebelTa) erT-erT Ziri-

20
Tad movaleobad miCneulia eTnikuri warmomavlobis, religiuri
mrwamsis, sqesis, akademiuri moswrebis, socialuri warmomav-
lobis an piradi Sexedulebis mixedviT moswavleTa diskrimina-
ciis dauSvebloba; kodeqsi adgens disciplinur gadacdomaTa
CamonaTvals. aseTad iTvleba moswavleTaTvis sakuTari Rire-
bulebebisa da Sexedulebebis Tavs moxveva (politikuri, re-
ligiuri, socialuri, eTnikuri, genderuli Sexedulebebis).

sajaro skolis direqtoris standartiT (2020) direqtoris

erT-erT kompetenciad miCneulia misi valdebuleba, gamoiCinos
Tanabari yuradReba moswavlis, mSoblis, maswavleblis an skola-
Si dasaqmebuli sxva piris mimarT, ganurCevlad maTi sqesis, ra-
sis, enis, religiis, erovnuli, eTnikuri an socialuri da sxva
kuTvnilebisa. skolis direqtorma unda uzrunvelyos saskolo
disciplinis dacva iseTi meTodebis gamoyenebiT, romlebic ar
ewinaaRmdegeba moswavlis, mSoblis, maswavleblisa da skolaSi
dasaqmebuli sxva pirebis Tavisuflebisa da Rirsebis pativisce-
mas.
standarti direqtoris valdebulebad gansazRvravs, xeli
Seuwyos moswavles demokratiuli, samoqalaqo da patriotuli
Rirebulebebis CamoyalibebaSi. direqtori pativs unda scem-
des moswavleTa azrebs, uqmnides maT yvela pirobas ideebisa da
Sexedulebebis Tavisuflad gamosaxatad.

maswavleblis profesiuli standartis (2008) moTxovnis Sesa-

bamisad, maswavlebelma ise unda dagegmos da warmarTos saswavlo
procesi, saaRmzrdelo aqtivobebi, rom moswavleebs gauRviv-
deT interesi kulturuli da eTnikuri mravalferovnebisadmi,
ganuviTardeT tolerantuli damokidebuleba gansxvavebulobis
mimarT.

Tu ganxilul kanonebs, konvenciebs, rekomendaciebsa da sxva

dokumentacias, aseve, arsebul viTarebas da deklarirebul poli-
tikas gadavxedavT, davinaxavT, rom saqarTveloSi moqalaqeobrivi
ganaTlebis aspeqtebi asaxulia ganaTlebis sferoSi saxelmwifo
politikis yvela mniSvnelovan dokumentSi. saqarTvelos mTavro-
ba, garda pirovnebis sabaziso unarebis ganviTarebisa, ganaTlebis
socialur funqciebad/valdebulebebad aRiarebs sazogadoebaSi
arsebobisaTvis iseTi moqalaqeobrivi unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas

21
mozardebSi, rogorebicaa: demokratiisa da samoqalaqo sazoga-
doebis ganviTarebis xelSewyoba; adamianis uflebebisa da maTi
dacvis meqanizmebis gacnobiereba da realizacia; demokratiisa
da aqtiuri moqalaqeobisaTvis aucilebeli kompetenciebis
formireba; samoqalaqo cnobierebis formireba; mdgradi ganviTa-
rebis koncefciis gacnobiereba da dacva da sxva.

22
 2. moqalaqeobrivi ganaTlebis arsi, mizani da
perspeqtivebi
am TavSi ganxilulia moqalaqeobrivi ganaTlebis koncefcie-
bi, mecnieruli Tvalsazrisebi da warmatebuli praqtikis mag-
aliTebi. gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovnad migvaCnia mkiTxvelTaTvis
moqalaqeobrivi ganaTlebis miznebisa da amocanebis, modelebis,
ganzomilebebisa da danergvis SesaZleblobebis Sesaxeb arsebuli
mecnieruli poziciebis gaziareba.

2.1. moqalaqeobrivi ganaTlebis misia, mizani da

ganzomilebebi
2.1.1. moqalaqeobrivi ganaTlebis misia
skolebis moqalaqeobrivi misiis Sesaxeb angariSSi karnegis ko-
rporaciam (niu iorki) da samoqalaqo ganaTlebisa da CarTulobis
sainformacio-kvleviTma centrma (CIRCLE) gansazRvres kompe-
tenturi da pasuxismgebeli moqalaqis maxasiaTeblebi, romlebic
yalibdeba efeqturi samoqalaqo ganaTlebis Sedegad. konceptua-
lur doneze `kargi moqalaqeebi~ informirebulni arian social-
uri problemebis Sesaxeb da SeuZliaT balansireba sazogadoebis
keTildReobasa da sakuTar interesebs Soris. maT aqtiuri wvli-
li SeaqvT sazogadoebis yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi (Civic Education
in the 21st Century, 2018).
moqalaqeobrivma ganaTlebam moswavleebs unda miawodos
praqtikuli da aqtualuri informacia sazogadoebis politikur
realiebze. Tumca, idealuri moqalaqeobrivi ganaTleba ar Semoi-
fargleba mxolod codnis gadacemiT. moqalaqis aRzrda, aseve,
gulisxmobs aqtiuri moqmedebisTvis saWiro unarebis gamomuSave-
bas: kritikuli azrovneba, problemis gadaWra, mosazrebebis ar-
gumentireba, mravalmxrivi interpretireba da a.S. garda amisa,
mniSvnelovania, moswavles ganuviTardes procesebSi qmediTi
monawileobis unari, rac gulisxmobs sxvadasxva jgufebTan prob-
lemuri sakiTxebis ganxilvas, garkveuli SeTanxmebebis miRwevas.
rogorc praqtika gviCvenebs, TviT saukeTeso konstituciebsa
da kanonebsac ar SeuZliaT, TavisTavad uzrunvelyon demokrati-
is mdgradi ganviTareba. amisTvis, pirvel rigSi, aucilebelia
samoqalaqo sazogadoebis formireba. samoqalaqo sazogadoebis
Camoyalibeba ki skolidan iwyeba, rasac ganapirobebs skolis de-
mokratiuli garemo, moswavleTa monawileobisa da iniciativebis
23
waxaliseba, ganaTlebis Sinaarsi da swavla-swavlebis stili,
romelic mimarTulia moswavleebSi moqalaqeobrivi Rirebule-
bebis, unarebisa da codnis genezisze. saerTaSoriso organiza-
ciis `samoqalaqo swavlebisa da CarTulobis sainformacio cen-
tris~ moxsenebaSi aRniSnulia, rom `moqalaqis aRzrdis procesSi
skolis roli aRemateba sxva nebismieri sajaro Tu kerZo or-
ganizaciis SesaZleblobas. metic, maRalia skolis warmatebuli
praqtikis gavlenis xarisxi sazogadoebazec, radgan saklaso Tu
saskolo magaliTebis gaziareba xdeba milionobiT axalgazrdis
mier~ (Flanagan, Syvertsen, and Stout, 2007).

2.1.2. moqalaqeobrivi ganaTlebis modelebi

saganmanaTleblo sferos xangrZlivi da mravalferovani kv-
levebis safuZvelze, gamoikveTa moqalaqeobrivi ganaTlebis
warmatebuli praqtikis eqvsi modeli:
1. moswavleebSi moqalaqeobrivi kompetenciebis ganviTarebis
TvalsazriT, gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba samarTals,
istorias, ekonomikasa da sazogadoebriv mecnierebaTa blokis
sxva sagnebs. maTi Sinaarsi Zlier zegavlenas axdens moswavleTa
samoqalaqo poziciebisa da damokidebulebebis formirebaze. mkv-
levrebi Tanxmdebian, rom calkeuli disciplinis Sinaarsze metad,
moqalaqeobrivi ganaTlebisTvis mniSvnelovania maswavleblis
mier gakveTilze gamoyenebuli pedagogikuri midgomebi. praqtika
gviCvenebs, rom informaciuli, Tumca, meTodurad erTferovani
kurikulumi fokusirebulia ZiriTadi faqtebis daswavlaze, da
ara sasicocxlo unarebis ganviTarebaze. deklaratiul codnaze
orientirebuli gakveTilebi swavlis process xdis erTferovansa
da mosawyens, ver uzrunvelyofs moswavleTa aqtiurobas da ar
axalisebs maT iniciativebs.
2. moswavleebSi kritikuli azrovnebisa da komunikaciuri un-
arebis ganviTarebaze dadebiT gavlenas axdens mimdinare sazoga-
doebriv-politikuri movlenebisa da sadavo sakiTxebis ganxil-
va. saintereso Temebze muSaobis procesSi, saklaso diskusiebis
frTxili da swori moderaciisas, maswavlebels SeuZlia, gamoi-
wvios moswavleTa maRali CarTuloba da daexmaros maT gansx-
vavebuli Sexedulebebisa da rwmenebis mimarT tolerantuli
damokidebulebis CamoyalibebaSi, rac xels Seuwyobs moswavlee-
bis mzaobas, monawileoba miiRon sazogadoebriv debatebsa da
samoqalaqo aqtovobebSi (Avery, 2010).
24
 3. moqalaqeobrivi ganaTlebis mizania, axalgazrdebis uzrun-
velyofa im codniT, unarebiTa da damokidebulebebiT, romlebic
aucilebelia sazogadoebaSi maTi efeqturi funqcionirebisaT-
vis. aRniSnuli miznis miRwevis erT-erTi strategiaa `sazogadoe-
brivi saqamianobiT swavleba~, romelic iTvaliswinebs saklaso
da saskolo proeqtebis Sinaarsis/formis dakavSirebas sazoga-
doebriv saWiroebebTan (Billig, Root, and Jesse, 2005). `sazogadoe-
brivi saqamianobiT swavleba~ gulisxmobs moswavleTa aqtiur
CarTulobas da mimarTulia sazogadoebisTvis/TemisTvis mwvave
problemebis gadaWrisken, rac amdidrebs moswavleTa socialur
gamocdilebas, zrdis maT Tavdajerebulobas da, refleqsiuro-
basTan erTad, aviTarebs qmedebasTan dakavSirebul unarebs (ko-
munikacia, gunduroba, gadawyvetiliebis miReba, pasuxismgebloba)
da damokidebulebebs (Tanaziarobis gancda, mgrZnobeloba, dax-
marebis survili da sxv.).
4. moqalaqeobrivi ganaTlebis mniSvnelovan aspeqts warmoad-
gens araformaluri ganaTlebis aqtivobebi, romelTa saSuale-
biT moswavleebi iyeneben, iviTareben da iRrmaveben formalur
saganmanaTleblo garemoSi miRebul codnas. araformaluri ga-
naTlebis aqtivobebiT moswavleebi erTvebian nairgvar socialur
aqciebSi, ukavSirdebian sazogadoebriv organizaciebs, rac xels
uwyobs maT samoqalaqo CarTulobas (Thomas, and McFarland, 2010).
5. skolis/klasis marTvaSi moswavleTa monawileoba aris samo-
qalaqo aqtivobebSi maTi pirdapiri monawileobis swavlebis efeq-
turi gza. am gziT isini afiqsireben da icaven TavianT poziciebs
da axorcieleben iniciativebs. TviTmmarTvelobaSi monawileo-
biT, moswavleebi iTaviseben skolis problemebs da xdebian sas-
kolo sazogadoebis srulfasovani wevrebi. aseTi gamocdileba
zrdis maTSi demokratiuli sistemebis mimarT ndobas da aCvevs
samoqalaqo CarTulobas.
6. demokratiuli procesebis simulaciebi aris efeqturi
gza axalgazrdebis CarTulobis gazrdisa da maTgan samoqalaqo
aqciebis inspirirebisTvis. simulaciuri aqtivobebiT moswav-
leebi ganasaxiereben sazogadoebis gansxvavebul wevrebs, irgeben
mravalferovan rolebs, riTac uviTardebaT adaptirebis, warmo-
saxvis, problemis danaxvisa da masze reagirebis SesaZleblobebi.
amasTan, simulaciebis gamoyeneba xels uwyobs codnis gafarToe-
bas da moqalaqeobrivi unarebis praqtikaSi gamoyenebas (Bagley,
and Shaffer, 2011).

25
 2.1.3. moqalaqeobrivi ganaTlebis mizani
moqalaqeobrivi ganaTleba aZlierebs demokratiul kul-
turas, sazogadoebis winaSe sakuTari valdebulebebisa da pa-
suxismgeblobebis gaziarebas, urTierTgagebas, tolerantobasa
da mSvidobas, amcirebs an/da agvarebs uTanxmeobebs. mis ZiriTad
amocanebs Seadgens Rirebulebebis (pluralizmi, adamianis ufle-
bebi, TanamSromloba, monawileoba, tolerantoba, pativiscema da
a.S.) gadacema, dialogis unaris formireba, cvlilebebis inicire-
ba, iseTi pozitiuri damokidebulebis Camoyalibeba, rogoricaa:
sazogadoebis winaSe pasuxismgeblobis grZnoba da personaluri
valdebulebebis gaTaviseba, solidaroba da ndoba gasxvavebulTa
mimarT, moqniloba, kulturebis pativiscema, uTanxmoebebis dros
mSvidobiani gadawyvetilebebis miReba da a.S. amdenad, moqalaqeo-
brivi ganaTlebis mizania, moswavleebs gamoumuSavdeT:
1. demokratiuli sazogadoebisTvis damaxasiaTebeli normebis
codna da gansxvavebul garemoebebSi maTi gamoyenebis unari.
2. adamianis fundamenturi uflebebisa da yoveldRiur
cxovrebaze maTi gavlenis codna.
3. SemoqmedebiTi azrovneba, ris safuZvelzec isini SeZleben
problemebis gadaWris sakuTari strategiis gamoyenebas, Sefase-
basa da gaumjobesebas.
4. viTarebis Sesatyvisi moqmedebisa da gadawyvetilebebis
miRebis strategiebis codna.
5. kritikuli msjelobisa da argumentaciis teqnikebis codna
da sxvadasxva socialur konteqstSi maTi gamoyenebis unari.
6. verbaluri, araverbaluri komunikaciisa da komunikaciis
procesSi cifruli teqnologiebis gamoyenebis unar-Cvevebi.
7. komunikaciis sxvadasxva saSualebebiT miRebuli informa-
ciis aRqmisa da racionalurad gamoyenebis, gansxvavebuli tipisa
da Sinaarsis informaciebis urTierTSepirispirebis unari.
8. sakuTar da sxvebis ideebsa da qcevaze socialuri da kul-
turuli garemos (ojaxi, tradiciebi, wesebi da normebi, istori-
uli memkvidreoba) gavlenis gzebisa da diapazonis codna (Albules-
cua, 2015).

26
 2.1.4. moqalaqeobrivi ganaTlebis ganzomilebebi
jer kidev XX saukunis 80-ian wlebSi, demokratiuli moqalaqe-
obis ganzomilebebis Sesaxeb diskusiebis sawyis etapze, gamoikveTa
absoluturad adekvaturi da dReisTvis gaziarebuli xedva, rom-
lis mixedviT, moqalaqeobrivi ganaTlebis idealad cxaddeboda
Tavisuflebis pativiscema, mSvidobisa da samarTlianobis damkvi-
drebis xelSewyoba, urTierTgagebis, tolerantobis, nebismieri
adamianis Rirsebis dacvisa da sxva Rirebulebebis damkvidreba
sazogadoebasa da, konkretulad, axalgazrdebSi (Engle & Ochoa,
1988).
XXI saukuneSi demokratiuli moqalaqeobis ganzomilebebi
kidev ufro gafarTovda. Tanamedrove gagebiT, moqalaqeobrivi
ganaTleba SeiZleba ganxorcieldes gansxvavebuli formebiTa
da gzebiT, radgan warmoadgens uwyvet qmedebas da adamianSi
demokratiuli moqalaqeobis safuZvels ayalibebs saskolo ga-
naTlebis yvela etapze. swavleba, romliTac moswavleebi unda
gaxdnen aqtiuri da pasuxismgeblobis mqone moqalaqeebi, moicavs
saskolo ganaTlebis yvela faqtorsa da aspeqts, imis miuxedavad,
rom yoveli maTgani SesaZloa Sinaarsobrivad pirdapir da mkaf-
iod ar ukavSirdebodes moqalaqobriv ganaTlebas.
moqalaqeobrivi ganaTlebis miznebi SesaZloa miRweul iqnes
moswavleTa kognituri da eTikuri ganviTarebis SemTxvevaSi. qve-
moT mocemulia moswavleTa kognituri ganviTarebis sami ZiriTa-
di aspeqti:
1. gakveTilebi, sadac calkeuli sagnebis Sinaarsi da maTi
swavlebis meTodologia dakavSirebulia demokratiuli moqa-
laqeobis TemebTan da moqalaqeobrivi Rirebulebebis, damokide-
bulebebisa da unarebis ganmaviTarebel strategiebTan.
2. saswavlo procesis calkeuli, zogjer gaucnobierebelad
da bunebrivad Seqmnili situaciebi, rodesac iqmneba moswavleTa-
gan moqalaqeobrivi azrovnebisa da qmedebis gamovlenis/ganviTa-
rebis mamotivirebeli garemo.
3. skolis yoveldRiuri cxovreba da, kerZod, nebismieri sas-
kolo aqtivoba, radgan is ganxorcielebulia skolis, rogorc
socialuri institutis (regulaciebi, wesebi; sazogadoeba: Tanam-
Sromlebi, mSoblebi, moswavleebi) mier.
amave dros, skola unda ganvixiloT, rogorc sazogadoeba,
sadac maswavleblebi da moswavleebi erToblivad gegmaven da
monawileoben ormxrivad saintereso, sasargeblo, mimzidvel da

27
realur cxovrebasTan dakavSirebul aqtivobebSi. es maxasiaTe-
blebi SeiZleba gamoviyenoT skolis kulturis xarisxis Sefasebis
modeladac: saskolo cxovrebis xarisxi dakavSirebulia ganxor-
cielebuli aqtivobebiT miRebul kmayofilebasTan, winaswari
molodinebis dakmayofilebasTan da iniciativebis wamoyenebas-
Tan. am garemoebebze didwiladaa damokidebuli saswavlo proce-
sis warmateba.
demokratiuli moqalaqeobis gasaviTareblad saWiroa ara-
formaluri aqtivobebis xSiri ganxorcieleba, sxva saganmanaTle-
blo organizaciebTan TanamSromloba, klubebis, gaerTianebebis
CarTva saskolo proeqtebSi da, meore mxriv, TviT skolis CarTu-
loba Temis saqmianobasa da cxovrebaSi (moxaliseobrivi aqtivo-
bebi, ekologiur, kulturul, religiur, saganmanaTleblo da sxv.
programebSi monawileoba), adgilobrivi xelisuflebis warmomad-
genlebTan Sexvedrebi, maTTan dialogi, mogzaurobebis, laSqro-
bebis, saswavlo eqskursiebis ganxorcieleba da sxv. axalgazrdebi
demokratiuli moqalaqeobis swavlisas iyeneben mogzaurobebs,
rac maT exmareba aRiqvan sakuTari Tavi, rogorc warmatebulma,
mobilurma, msoflio moqalaqeebma (Allan, Charles, 2015).

2.2. moqalaqeobis tipebi da transformaciis perspeqtivebi

2.2.1. moqalaqeobis sami tipi
mkvlevrebi (Weinberg, J., Flinders, M. 2018) gamoyofen moqalaqe-
obis sam ZiriTad tips da warmogvidgenen maTTvis damaxasiaTebel
niSnebs:

1. individualur qmedebaze orientirebuli moqalaqe

damaxasiaTebeli niSnebi: sakuTari Temis/sazogadoebis far-
glebSi moqmedeba; keTilsindisieri muSaoba/saqmianoba da ga-
dasaxadebis gadaxda; kanonmorCileba; moxaliseobriv saqmiano-
bebSi monawileoba;
moqmedeba/qceva: ekonomikuri mxardaWeris saWiroebis mqone
adamianebis daxmareba sakvebiT da pirveladi moxmarebis sagnebiT;
daSvebebi: socialuri problemebis mosagvareblad da sazoga-
doebis ganviTarebisTvis moqalaqeebs aqvT Rirsebebi, isini ari-
an sazogadoebis patiosani, pasuxismgebeli da kanonis damcveli
wevrebi.

28
 2. monawileobaze orientirebuli moqalaqe:
damaxasiaTebeli niSnebi: saTemo organizaciebis aqtiuri
wevroba da/an mniSvnelovani Zalisxmevis gamoCena saTemo or-
ganizaciebis warmatebisTvis. Temis Zalisxmevis organizeba so-
cialurad daucvelTa dasaxmareblad, maTze zrunva; ekonomikuri
ganviTarebis xelSewyoba da garemoze zrunva; samTavrobo insti-
tutebis muSaobis stilis codna; sazogadoebrivi amocanebis Ses-
rulebis strategiebis codna;
moqmedeba/qceva: monawileoba ekonomikuri mxardaWeris
saWiroebis mqone adamianebis sursaTiTa da pirveladi moxmarebis
sagnebiT momaragebis organizebaSi;
daSvebebi: socialuri problemebis gadasawyvetad da sazoga-
doebis gasaumjobeseblad moqalaqeebi aqtiurad monawileoben
da irgeben lideris pozicias damkvidrebuli sazogadoebrivi
struqturebis farglebSi.

3. samarTlianobaze orientirebuli moqalaqe

damaxasiaTebeli niSnebi: socialuri, ekonomikuri da poli-
tikuri struqturebis kritikulad Sefaseba da problemebis siR-
rmiseuli wvdoma; usamarTlobis arealis gamovlena; imis gac-
nobiereba, rom demokratiuli moZraobebis gavleniT icvleba da
umjobesdeba arsebuli socialuri sistemebi;
moqmedeba/qceva: mosaxleobis ekonomikuri mxardaWeris
saWiroebis gamomwvevi mizezebis kvleva da am problemis gadasaW-
relad moqmedeba;
daSvebebi: socialuri problemebis gadasaWrelad da sazoga-
doebis gasaumjobeseblad moqalaqeebi debatebis gziT agneben
damkvidrebuli usamarTlo sistemebisa da struqturebis Secv-
lis efeqtur gzebs.

qvemoT, sqemis saxiT, warmodgenilia moqalaqeobrivi gana-

Tlebis politikisa da praqtikis urTierTkveTa, sadac gansaz-
Rvrulia moqalaqeobis deklaratiuli da proceduruli doneebi.

29
 sqema: moqalaqeobis deklaratiuli da proceduruli para-
digma
maRali deklaratiuli

maRali proceduruli
dabali

dabali deklaratiuli

2.2.2. Svidi mosazreba moqalaqeobrivi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb

qvemoT gTavazobT mkvlevrebis, Sugurenskisa da maiersis mo-
sazrebebs moqalaqeobrivi ganaTlebis gziT sazogadoebis trans-
formaciis perspeqtivebis Sesaxeb (Schugurensky D., Myers J.P. (2003):

1. pasiuridan aqtiur moqalaqeobaze gadasvla

moqalaqeobrivma ganaTlebam xeli unda Seuwyos aqtiur moqa-
laqeobas1 - sazogadoebis demokratiul cxovrebaSi, maT Soris,
saskolo cxovrebaSi monawileobas. informirebuli moqalaqeebis
aRzrda demokratiuli sazogadoebis ganviTarebis aucilebeli,
Tumca arasakmarisi pirobaa. moqalaqeobrivma ganaTlebam unda
aRzardos kargad informirebuli moqalaqeebi, romlebic, imav-
droulad, monawileobas miiReben sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi da
1
pasiur moqalaqeobaSi igulisxmeba istoriuli, samarTlebrivi da in-
stituciuri faqtebis kritikis gareSe miReba
30
eqnebaT kritikuli azrovnebis unarebi. aqtiuri moqalaqeobis
xelSewyoba, aseve, moiTxovs saTemo momsaxurebis (community ser-
vice) arsebuli programebis gafarToebasac, rom man moicvas ara
mxolod saqvelmoqmedo aqtivobebi da moxaliseobrivi Sroma, ar-
amed aqtiuri CarTulobac demokratiuli institutebis saqmiano-
baSi, politikuri winadadebebis ganxilvasa da mimdinare sazoga-
do dialogebSi.

2. erovnuli moqalaqeobidan planetis/ekologiur moqa-

laqeobaze gadasvla
moqalaqeobrivma ganaTlebam xeli unda Seuwyos msoflio
moqalaqeobas, rogorc erTi mTliani, globaluri sazogadoe-
bis wevrobas. es ar niSnavs erovnuli identobisa da suverenobis
ugulebelyofas, aramed, gulisxmobs mniSvnelovani sakiTxebis
(mSvidoba, adamianis uflebebi da garemos dacva) globalur
fokusSi ganxilvasa da, koleqtiuri TanamSromlobis safuZvel-
ze, maT gadaWras.
globaluri moqalaqeobisTvis ganaTleba xazs usvams adamia-
nis universaluri uflebebis, rogorc moqalaqeobis ganuyofeli
nawilis mniSvnelobas, aviTarebs demokratiul suls, romelic
scdeba calkeuli eri–saxelmwifoebis sazRvrebs da aZlierebs
saerTaSoriso instituciebs.

3. kulturuli mravalferovnebis aRiarebidan interkul-

turuli sazogadoebebis xelSewyobamde
moqalaqeobrivma ganaTlebam unda gaafarToos arsebuli
multikulturuli midgomebi da xeli Seuwyos interkulturuli
sazogadoebebis Camoyalibebas. multikulturalizmi win gadadg-
muli nabijia, imigrantebis asimilaciisa da akulturizaciisak-
en mimarTuli ganaTlebis politikasTan SedarebiT, Tumca, mas
srulad jer kidev ar gamouvlenia Tavisi potenciali. praqtikis
doneze, xSir SemTxvevaSi, multikulturuli ganaTleba tokeniz-
mad2 gadaiqca da zedapiruli forma miiRo - gadaWarbebuli yu-
radReba sakvebze, folklorsa da dResaswaulebze. amasTan, unda
gvaxsovdes, rom skolaSi moqalaqeobrivi ganaTleba ara mxolod
eqsplicituri formiT xorcieldeba (formaluri ganaTlebis
kurikulumi, araformaluri ganaTlebis aqtivobebi da skolis

2
tokenizmi (Tokenism) – umciresobebis cru CarTuloba da formaluri
warmomadgenlobis uzrunvelyofa.
31
marTva), aramed faruli kurikulumis saSualebiTac (rituale-
bi, regulaciebi da araformaluri interaqcia). es imas niSnavs,
rom ganaTlebis sxva praqtikis msgavsad, progresuli multikul-
turuli kurikulumi ewinaaRmdegeba arainkluziur an diskrimi-
naciul araformalur urTierTobebs.
moqalaqeobrivi ganaTleba ar unda ukavSirdebodes mxolod
tolerantobasa da erTmaneTis dResaswaulebis gaziarebas, man
xeli unda Seuwyos interaqciaze agebul dinamikur urTierTgacv-
las, Riaobasa da qmediT solidarobas. moqalaqeobrivma ganaTle-
bam unda gaaerTianos interkulturuli ganaTlebis saukeTeso
tradiciebi, rom Seqmnas politikuri da ideologiuri strate-
gia, romelic xels Seuwyobs diskriminaciis, rasizmisa da eTnoc-
etrizmis daZlevas da namdvil, inkluziur dialogs kulturul
jgufebs Soris.

4. sajaro sferosTvis momzadebidan inkluziurobamde

moqalaqeobrivma ganaTlebam unda daZlios kerZosa da saja-
ros Soris arsebuli diqotomia, xeli Seuwyos demokratiasa da
inkluziurobas, rogorc sajaro sivrceebSi, ise ojaxSi, samuSao
adgilze, sxvadasxva gaerTianebasa Tu institutSi, romelic ker-
Zo sferod aris miCneuli. moqalaqeobis koncefciam xeli unda
Seuwyos axal da inkluziur urTierTobebsa da gamocdilebas
yvelgan, sadac aRiareben genderul gansxvavebebs, magram, imav-
droulad, uzrunvelyofen inkluziurobasa da Tanasworobas.

5. fundamentalizmidan mSvidobis mSeneblobamde

moqalaqeobrivi ganaTleba unda gascdes fundamentalistur
ideologiebs da xeli Seuwyos mSvidobis kulturis ganviTarebas.
mzardi militarizaciis, okupaciis, terorizmisa da samoqalaqo
omebis pirobebSi, mniSvnelovania, moqalaqeobrivma ganaTlebam
gamoiyenos iseTi pedagogikuri strategiebi, romlebic xels Seu-
wyobs samarTlianobaze dafuZnebul TanamSromlobas, dialogsa
da mdgrad mSvidobas. cxadia, TviT moqalaqeobrivi ganaTleba
ver moitans mSvidobas, Tumca mas SeuZlia fasdaudebeli wvlili
Seitanos ufro mSvidobiani garemosTvis subieqturi pirobebis
SeqmnaSi. es moicavs mSvidobis mSeneblobis, konfliqtis gadaW-
ris, Serigebisa da rekonstruqciis kompetenciebis ganviTarebas.
aseve, moicavs araZaladobrivi, samoqalaqo daumorCileblobis
filosofiis, strategiebisa da unarebis gagebas.

32
 6. skolis sivrceSi moqalaqeobidan mswavlelTa sazogadoe-
bebamde
moqalaqeobrivma ganaTlebam unda gaafarToos horizonti,
rogorc kurikulumis Sinaarsis, ise saganmanaTleblo sivrcis
TvalsazrisiT – skolisadmi TiTqmis eqskluziuri fokusi unda
Seicvalos inkluziuri, mswavleli sazogadoebebis SeqmniT, rom-
lebic CarTulni iqnebian `cxovrebis~ kurikulumSi. es gulisx-
mobs demokratiis xelSewyobas skolaSi ise, rom maswavleblebma
da moswavleebma SeZlon yoveldRiuri demokratiis praqtikis
ganviTareba da ara mxolod masze saubari.
am procesis erT–erT pirvel nabijad SesaZloa ganvixiloT
skolis dakavSireba iseT institutebTan, rogorebicaa muzeumi,
biblioTeka, raionuli asociacia, socialuri klubi, sazogadoe-
brivi skveri, universiteti, sazogadoebrivi centri, politikuri
warmomadgeneli, adgilobrivi media, xelovnebisa da xelosno-
bis klubi da a.S. mswavlelTa sazogadoeba imuSavebs ormxrivi
qselebis, da ara ierarqiuli, biurokratiuli instituciebis sa-
SualebiT, da skolas eqneba gansakuTrebiT dinamikuri roli am
urTierTobebis wamowyebasa da SenarCunebaSi. es strategia xels
Seuwyobs skolebis arasaskolo ganaTlebasTan, pirispir urT-
ierTobebis eleqtronul forumebTan, bavSvebis axalgazrdebTan
da zrdasrulebTan da, aseve, TaobaTa Soris proeqtebis inte-
gracias. mswavlelTa sazogadoebas SeuZlia am miznis miRwevaSi
monawileoba skolisTvis axali saganmanaTleblo da demokrati-
uli sivrceebis SeqmniT, sxva instituciebTan da garemomcvel
sazogadoebasTan erTobiT, codnis gaziarebiT, erToblivi swav-
liTa da demokratiuli mmarTvelobis xelSewyobiT.

7. formaluridan arsebiT (qmediT) demokratiul moqalaqeo-

bamde
es procesi moiTxovs kurikulumis Sinaarsis gafarToebas,
romelmac unda moicvas ara mxolod formaluri moqalaqeoba, ar-
amed formalur da qmediT demokratiebs Soris arsebuli wyvetis
kritikuli analizi. es moiTxovs aqcentis cvlilebas `konsti-
tuciuri moqalaqeobidan~ kritikuli pedagogikisken. cxadia, mo-
qalaqeobisa da demokratiis Seswavla kargi dasawyisia moqalaqeo-
brivi ganaTlebisTvis, Tumca, es unda iyos ganaTlebis procesis
dasawyisi, da ara daboloeba, radgan, formalur demokratiaze

33
orientirebuli kurikulumis saSualebiT, rTulia, moswavleebs
avuxsnaT struqturuli uTanasworobisa da diskriminaciuli
praqtikis arseboba. adamianis sayovelTao uflebaTa deklara-
ciis muxlebis naxevars mainc rom vasrulebdeT, samyaro bevrad
samarTliani da mSvidobiani iqneboda. igive SeiZleba iTqvas bevri
qveynis konstituciazec. mniSvnelovania, viswavloT demokrati-
uli sazogadoebis funqcionirebis principebi, iseve, rogorc
samoqalaqo, politikuri da socialuri uflebebi. mniSvnelova-
nia, gavigoT, ra ganapirobebs maTsa da yoveldRiuri cxovrebis
realobebs Soris sxvaobas. am sxvaobaTa interpretirebisas,
kurikulumSi unda iyos ganxiluli ekonomikuri, socialuri,
kulturuli da politikuri struqturebi, romlebic xels uSlis
demokratiuli idealebis realizebas. formalursa da qmediT de-
mokratiebs, moqalaqeobis Teoriul uflebebsa da praqtikaSi maT
gamoyenebas Soris xidis gasadebad kurikulumSi ganxiluli unda
iyos iseTi sakamaTo sakiTxebi, rogorebicaa simdidris araTana-
bari ganawileba, Zalauflebis gavlena mediaze da politikuri
sistema. moswavleebi unda CaerTon konkretul qmedebebSi (ix. 1–
li mosazreba), rom SeZlon idealursa da realur samyaros Soris
manZilis Semcireba.

2.3. moqalaqeobrivi ganaTlebis kurikulumi da skolis

demokratiuli kultura
2.3.1. moqalaqeobrivi ganaTlebis kurikulumi
ganaTlebis sistema orientirebulia avtonomiuri, aqtiuri
da SemoqmedebiTi pirovnebis Camoyalibebaze. am procesSi skolam
xeli unda Seuwyos swrafadcvalebad socialur garemosTan mo-
swavleTa efeqtian integracias, rac Sesaferisi da xarisxiani ga-
naTlebiT miiRweva.
socialuri integracia aris individebisTvis damaxasiaTebeli
komunikaciisa da qcevis modelebis Serwymis Sedegi (Canivez, 1990).
sxvadasxva sagnis SeswavliT, moswavleebi iviTareben moqalaqeo-
briv unarebs: komunikacia, TanamSromloba, socialur, ekonomikur
da politikur cxovrebaSi efeqturi monawileoba, rac erTgvari
winapirobaa, rom maT SeZlon sazogadoebaSi adgilis damkvidreba.
am TvalsazrisiT, mniSvnelovania kurikulumis gamarTuloba da
misi orientirebi, kerZod, kurikulumma unda uzrunvelyos mo-
swavlis socialuri unarebis ganviTareba. es amocana sul ufro
34
mwvaved dgas ganaTlebis politikis SemqmnelTa winaSe, radgan
msoflioSi mimdinare cvlilebebma ganaTlebis sferos axali pri-
oritetuli amocanebi dausaxa: komunikacia, monawileoba, pasux-
ismgebloba, morali, demokratia, tolerantoba, TanamSromloba
da a.S.
kurikulumSi aRniSnuli amocanebis gadaWrisken mimarTuli
kiTxvebia:
1. ra gavlenas axdens moqalaqeobis ideasTan dakavSirebuli
Rirebulebebi, mniSvnelobebi da principebi zogad ganaTlebaze?
da rogor aisaxeba es kurikulumze?
2. rogor xdeba zemoaRniSnuli Rirebulebebis, mniSvnelo-
bebisa da principebis ganxorcieleba saswavlo praqtikaSi?
3. rogor da ramdenad ukavSirdeba moqalaqeobrivi ganaTlebis
miznebs kurikulumis Sinaarsi da swavlis meTodebi?
4. ra SemecnebiTi da praqtikuli SesaZleblobebi aqvs form-
aluri ganaTlebis aqtivobebs?
5. ramdenad uzrunvelyofs skolis marTvis modeli maswav-
lebelTa, mSobelTa da Temis monawileobas gadawyvetilebebis
miRebis procesSi? da sxv.
moqalaqeobrivi ganaTlebis misiaa, Camoayalibos da ganaviT-
ros sajaro cxovrebaSi pirovnebis aqtiuri monawileobis Sesa-
Zleblobebi, rac gamoixateba saarCevno uflebamosilebis (xmis
micemis) ganxorcielebasa da iseT aqtivobebSi CarTulobaSi, rom-
lebic gavlenas axdenen politikur gadawyvetilebebze, sakuTari
da sxvisi uflebebis dacvaze, sazogadoebis mimarT pasuxismge-
blobis gacnobierebasa da Sesabamis qcevaze (Velea, 2004). moqa-
laqeobrivi ganaTlebis misias ukavSirdeba pirovnuli ganviTa-
rebis ramdenime mniSvnelovani aspeqti: tolerantoba, wigniereba,
demokratiuli Rirebulebi, sazogadoebis aqtiuri wevroba da mis
mimarT mikuTvnebuloba (Olssen, 2002).
demokratiuli moqalaqeobis suliskveTebiT individebis aR-
zrdaSi, rac Sesabamisi Rirebulebebisa da azrovnebis stilis
damkvidrebasac gulisxmobs, gadamwyveti roli unda Seasrulos
skolam. imisTvis, rom gamarTldes molodinebi da gadaiWras
kompleqsuri gamowvevebi, romelTa winaSec dgas Tanamedrove
sazogadoeba, ganaTlebis politikam:
1. unda ganaviTaros formaluri kurikulumi demokratiuli
moqalaqeobis principebisa da miznebis Sesabamisad, imgvarad, rom
masSi CarTos Sesabamisi Temebi, interdisciplinuri sakiTxebi da

35
integrirebuli programebi.
2. unda uzrunvelyos swavlis procesis orientirebuloba
demokratiul Rirebulebebze (adamianis uflebebi, politikuri
pluralizmi, monawileobiTi procesebi da gadawyvetilebebi,
kanonebi da wesebi).
3. unda ganaviTaros axalgazrdebis socialuri da pirovnuli
SesaZlebelobebi: uflebebi da pasuxismgeblobebi, socialuri da
komunikaciuri unarebi, sajaro cxovrebaSi monawileoba da sxv.
5. skolebi unda Camoayalibos, rogorc Zaladobis, qsenofo-
biis, rasizmis, agresiuli nacionalizmisa da Seuwynareblobis wi-
naaRmdeg Seurigebeli brZolis institutebi (Bîrzea, 2000).
moqalaqeobrivi ganaTleba ar warmoadgens calke aRebul sas-
kolo sagans, formaluri ganaTlebis aqtivobas, codnis sfer-
os, socialuri qmedebis formas, politikur an RirebulebiT
ganaTlebas, aramed, aris saganmanaTleblo politikis zogadi
da ZiriTadi mizani, romelic iqmneba swavlis procesSi da aer-
Tianebs yvela zemoT CamoTvlil ganzomilebas. misi mizania de-
mokratiuli qmedebis praqtikis ganviTareba mravalferovani
gamocdilebisa da socialuri aqtivobebis gziT. moqalqeobrivi
ganaTleba, rogorc swavlisa da ganviTarebis uwyveti procesi,
gulisxmobs individebisa da jgufebis momzadebas sazogadoebis
cxovrebaSi aqtiuri monawileobis misaRebad (Almond & Verba, 1996).

2.3.2. skolis demokratiuli kultura

skolis marTva moicavs yvela im procesis analizs, romelic
dakavSirebulia gadawyvetilebis miRebasTan da gulisxmobs sagan-
manaTleblo sazogadoebis sxvadasxva agents Soris urTierTo-
bebis Seswavlas, rogorc pirovnebaTSorisi ganzomilebis, aseve,
saerTo anu koleqtiuri interesebis kuTxiT (Feu, Serra, Canimas,
La`zaro, Simo´-Gi, 2017). amgvarad, skolis marTvis analizi moiTxovs
skolis administraciis mier Seqmnili funqciuri organoebisa da
met-naklebad araformaluri da spontanuri praqtikis Seswavlas,
romelic gavlenas axdens gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesze.
saskolo sazogadoebaSi moswavleTa xmis Sefaseba rTuli amo-
canaa. imis uzrunvelsayofad, rom moswavleTa xma gaigon, aucile-
belia moswavleebis farTo monawileoba saskolo gadawyvetile-
bebis yvela sferoSi (rogorc organizaciisa da kurikulumis,
ise saganmanaTleblo misiis gansazRvraSi). sxva sityvebiT rom

36
vTqvaT, skolaSi moswavlis xma da monawileoba TanamSromlobis
eTosis nawili unda iyos, romelic saskolo sazogadoebis yvela
wevrs moicavs (Sutherland, 2006).
skolis konteqstSi keTildReobaze saubrisas, vgulisxmobT
qmedebaTa nakrebs, romelic saganmanaTleblo sazogadoebas da,
gansakuTrebiT, moswavleebs SeaZlebinebs maTi mTavari amoca-
nis Sesrulebas: iyvnen avtonomiurad moazrovne, bednieri moqa-
laqeebi, romlebsac SeeZlebaT sxvebTan jansaRi urTierToba da
ganaTlebis sistemis sxvadasxva safexurze warmatebis miRweva. es
farTo da mravalferovani principia, romelic sami sakiTxis ir-
gvliv koncentrirdeba:

 qmedeba, romelic uzrunvelyofs sazogadoebis (gansa-

kuTrebiT, moswavleebis, maswavleblebisa da ojaxebis) wevro-
bas;
 strategiebi, romlebic xels uwyobs yvelas akademiur
warmatebas;
 saganmanaTleblo infrastruqtura da adamianuri, ekonomi-
kuri da pedagogikuri resursebi.

zogierTi avtori (Guarro, 2005) erTmaneTs ukavSirebs de-

mokratias, Tanasworobasa da akademiur warmatebas. maTi azriT,
demokratiuli skola moswavleebs saSualebas aZlevs, sazogadoe-
baSi harmoniulad icxovron da aqtiuri monawileoba miiRon. zogi
avtori (Levinson, 2012, Reay, 2011) icavs inkluziur ganaTlebas da
maqsimalur Tanasworobas. isini `saerTo skolis~ momxreebi arian,
romelic xels uwyobs yvela moswavlis erTgvarovan SesaZleblo-
bebs, rac arsebiTia Cvens samyaroSi navigaciisaTvis, misi gagebisa
da gaazrebuli cxovrebisTvis.
ganaTlebis sferoSi moswavleTa gansxvavebuloba Cans praq-
tikaSi, diskursSi, iniciativebSi, politikasa da proeqtebSi,
romlebic imisTvis iqmneba, rom vaRiaroT (pativi vceT, mives-
almoT) da pozitiurad SevafasoT `sxva~ (is, vinc umciresobaa,
aratradiciulia, arahegemonuria da a.S.). am TvalsazrisiT, de-
mokratiuli praqtika gulisxmobs sxvebis mravalmxriv gagebas da
maTi SexedulebaTa sistemis, kulturisa da simboloTa samyaros
gaTvaliswinebas.
mravali avtori miiCnevs, rom moqalaqeobrivi ganaTleba Ri-
rebulebiTi ganaTlebaa da mas eTikis elementad Tvlis. avtorTa

37
arsebiTad gansxvavebuli Sexedulebebi mxolod am Rirebulebebi-
sa da damokidebulebebis gadacemis gzebs exeba. magaliTad, bar-
boza (Barbosa 2000) gansazRvravs sam sabaziso models:
 codnisa da Rirebulebebis gadacemis modeli, romlis mixed-
viTac Sinaarsi gadaecema erT an ramdenime saganSi integrire-
buli eqsplicituri kurikulumiT;
 demokratiuli Cvevebis wvrTnis modeli, romelic iswrafvis,
demokratiuli rutina da damokidebulebebi gamocdilebiTa
da skolaSi demokratiuli praqtikis danergviT ganaviTaros;
 socio–politikur realobasTan pirdapiri konfrontaciis
modeli, romlis mizania demokratiuli Rirebulebebisa da
damokidebulebebis ganviTareba moswavleTa mier realuri so-
cialuri problemebis gamovleniTa da maT mogvarebaSi Car-
TulobiT.

moqalaqeoba, rogorc koncefcia, SegviZlia ganvixiloT ori

perspeqtividan: rogorc miRweva da praqtika (Lawy & Biesta, 2006,
2009). pirvel SemTxvevaSi, skolaSi is unarebi da SesaZleblo-
bebi viTardeba, romlebic moswavles skolis damTavrebis Semdeg
sWirdeba, xolo meore koncefcia moswavles ganixilavs, rogorc
moqalaqes, romelic CarTulia arsebul socio–politikur, eko-
nomikur da kulturul wesrigSi. amrigad, skolis, rogorc insti-
tuciis gamocdileba da iq Camoyalibebuli interpersonaluri
urTierTobebi ayalibebs moswavlis azrovnebasa da cxovrebis
stils. moqalaqeoba ar aris mxolod zrdasrulis gamocdileba,
is ganicdeba da yalibdeba, rogorc yvela asakobrivi jgufis
socialuri urTierTobebis farTo cvlileba. is refleqsiuria,
radgan sakuTar Tavs kvebavs da SefardebiTia, radgan gansxvave-
buli faqtorebis gavlenas ganicdis, romelTa Sorisaa social-
uri da struqturuli pirobebi. Sesabamisad, ar SeiZleba misi
ubralod swavla skolaSi an nebismier sxva instituciaSi, Tumca
saerToa yvela situaciisaTvis (Lawy & Biesta, 2006).

2.3.3. demokratiuli saklaso oTaxi

TanamSromlobiTi swavla moswavleebs exmareba socialuri
problemebis Tavidan acilebaSi, Zaladobis Semcirebasa da kon-
fliqtis marTvaSi. isini iviTareben maRal saazrovno unarebs,
svamen kiTxvebs, risi meSveobiTac erTmaneTs gansxvavebuli per-

38
speqtivis aRmoCenaSi exmarebian (Ferguson-Patric K., 2012).
maswavleblis gavlena moswavlis akademiur winsvlaze kidev
ufro qmediTia, Tuki is zrunavs mtkice urTierTobebis Camoya-
libebaze. zrunva, ndoba da pativiscema aucilebelia moswavlee-
bs Soris da moswavle–maswavleblis urTierTobebSi (Hattie, 2003;
Rowe, 2003). amis miRwevas xels uwyobs TanamSromlobiTi swavla,
romelic sxvebisadmi pativiscemas efuZneba. TanamSromlobiTi
midgoma ganapirobebs demokratiuli saklaso/saskolo kulturis
Camoyalibebas da dadebiTad moqmedebs moswavleTa warmatebaze.

demokratiuli saklaso oTaxis indikatorebia:

1. demokratiuli saskolo kultura;
2. SemswavlelTa sazogadoeba;
3. inkluziuri praqtika;
4. socialuri swavla.

1. demokratiul saklaso oTaxSi interaqcia moicavs `moswav-

leTa aqtiur monawileobas sakuTari swavlis procesSi, TanamS-
romlobas, pativiscemas, Tanasworobis aRiarebas~ (Fearnley-Sander,
Moss & Harbon, 2001). amasTan, demokratiuli saskolo kulturis
pirobebSi, roca ubralod ki ar vaswavliT samoqalaqo ganaTle-
basa da moqalaqeobas, aramed moswavleebs Sesabamis garemosac
vTavazobT, izrdeba maTi moqalaqeobrivi kompetenciebis ganvi-
Tarebis SesaZlebloba (Fearnley-Sander, Moss, & Harbon, 2001). de-
mokratiis koncefciis diuiseuli ganmarteba aseTia – `es (de-
mokratia) aris cxovrebis wesi~. misive mtkicebiT, pirovnuli
Taviseburebebis ganviTareba xdeba interpersonaluri urTier-
Tobebis saSualebiT, rac, Tavis mxriv, gavlenas axdens individis
qcevaze. is maswavlebels cvlilebis agentad miiCnevda, romelsac
SeeZlo demokratiul Rirebulebebze agebuli sazogadoebis sru-
lyofa. amrigad, saklaso oTaxi SegviZlia Cveni farTo sazoga-
doebis mikromodelad ganvixiloT (Schul, 2011). demokratiuli
midgoma arsebiTia demokratiuli saklaso kulturis Sesaqmne-
lad, radgan is zemoqmedebs saklaso oTaxSi yoveldRiurobaze,
urTierTobebze, demokratiis Sesaxeb swavlebasa da demokrati-
uli Rirebulebebis ganviTarebaze (Vinterek, 2010).
2. demokratiul saklaso oTaxSi moswavleebi zrunaven erT-
maneTze. isini erTmaneTTan dasakavSirebel xidebs ageben da erT-
gvar sazogadoebas qmnian. vengeri (Wenger, 1998) demokratiuli

39
saklaso oTaxis indikatorad gvTavzobs Semdeg mocemulobas
- `mdgradi harmoniuli urTierTobebi, erToblivi saqmianobis
warmarTvis erTiani midgomebi da samyaros konkretuli perspeq-
tivis asaxvis gaziarebuli/saerTo diskursi~.
3. inkluziuri praqtikis cneba moicavs inkluziur ganaTle-
bas, romelic fokusirebulia ara specialuri saWiroebis moswav-
leebze, aramed yvela moswavlis saWiroebebze. inkluziur sak-
laso oTaxs sWirdeba maswavlebeli, romelsac yvela moswavlis
SesaZleblobisa da warmatebis miRwevis sjera. inkluziur sakla-
so oTaxSi maswavlebels dajgufebis sxvadasxva strategiebis gam-
oyeneba unda SeeZlos da ar unda dasjerdes `Zlierebad~ da `sus-
tebad~ martiv dayofas. aseTi maswavlebeli iswrafvis, dasZlios
profesiuli sirTule, romelic zogierTi moswavlis swavlebas
ukavSirdeba. is cdilobs, Seqmnas garemo, sadac yvela zrdasru-
li pativs scems moswavleebs, rogorc mswavlelTa sazogadoe-
bas da mudmivad viTardeba profesiulad inkluziuri praqtikis
mimarTulebiT (Florian & Black-Hawkins, 2011). inkluziur saklaso
oTaxSi maswavlebels sjera, rom SeZlebs `eqskluziis~ (gamorCeu-
lobis/gamonaklisis) daZlevas, inkluziuri praqtikis wyalobiT.
`inkluzia ganixileba, rogorc yvela moswavlis mravalferovan
saWiroebebze reagirebis procesi swavlebaSi, kulturebsa da
sazogadoebebSi monawileobis gafarToebis gziT~ (UNESCO, 2003).
4. socialuri swavlis mniSvnelobas mravali kvleva adas-
turebs. roca maswavlebelsa da moswavles Soris pativiscema da
megobrul-TanamSromlobiTi urTierToba arsebobs, moswavlis
gonebriv ganviTarebasa da swavlas xelsayreli garemo eqmneba
(Kusche & Greenberg, 2006). maswavlebelTan da TanatolebTan emo-
ciuri kavSirebi, romelSic Rirebulia akademiuri warmateba da
swavla, xels uwyobs moqalaqeobriv RirebulebaTa Semdgom ganvi-
Tarebas da moswavlis mier warmatebis miRwevas (Catalano, Berglund,
Ryan, Lonczak & Hawkins, 2002).
kvlevis Sedegebma (Ferguson-Patric, K., 2012) aCvena, rom mo-
swavleebSi demokratiis zemoxsenebuli niSnebi/indikatorebi
ganmtkicda TanamSromlobiTi swavlis gamoyenebis safuZvelze.
saklaso aqtivobebi imgvarad iyo dagegmili, rom moswavleebi-
sgan moiTxovda dialogSi monawileobas, gansxvavebuli perspeq-
tivebis ganxilvas, tolerantobas, pativiscemasa da interper-
sonaluri urTierTobebis damyarebas. moswavleebSi ganviTarda
gadawyvetilebis miRebis unari, amaRlda TviTSefaseba, sakuTari

40
SesaZleblobebisadmi ndoba. TanamSromlobiTi swavlisa da de-
mokratiuli midgomis Sedegad, moswavleebSi umjobesdeba: dadeb-
iTi urTierTdamokidebuleba da gundurobis gancda; Tanasworo-
bis aRiareba; individualuri pasuxismgebloba; pativiscema da
tolerantoba; demokratiuli ganwyobebi – Tavisufali azrovne-
ba, sxvebTan erTad gadawyvetilebis miReba, sxvebis perspeqti-
vis gaTvaliswineba; urTierTobis kultura; mosmenisa da azris
gamoxatvisTvis mzadyofna; interpersonaluri unarebi; proso-
cialuri qceva; inkluziuri praqtika; ndoba, rom moswavleebi
miiReben swavlis Sesaxeb swor gadawyvetilebebs; socialuri un-
arebi; socialuri swavla; mikuTvnebis grZnoba.
roca moswavleebs SeuZliaT Tavisufali azrovneba da sxva-
Ta mosazrebebis mosmena, sxvaTa grZnobebis gaTvaliswineba, iz-
rdeba albaToba, rom dadebiTi damokidebuleba CamouyalibdebaT
gansxvavebulobisa da mravalferovnebisadmi da xeli Seewyoba
samoqalaqo da socialur CarTulobas. maT dadebiTi urTierT-
damokidebuleba da gundurobis gancda uyalibdebaT. TanamSrom-
lobiT swavlaSi monawile moswavleebi erTvebian molaparakebaSi,
swavloben konfliqtis mogvarebas sxvadasxva konteqstSi. TanamS-
romlobiT saklaso oTaxSi maswavlebeli cdilobs, xeli Seuwyos
moswavleebSi ara mxolod sakuTari Sexedulebebis ganviTarebas,
aramed gansxvavebuli Sexedulebebis aRiarebasac. aseT garemoSi
saubari iseve mniSvnelovania, rogorc mosmena. aq waaxaliseben
risks da erTmaneTis SesaZleblobebis rwmenas. komunikaciis kul-
tura qmnis garemos, romelic xels uwyobs demokratiuli prin-
cipebis amoqmedebas. saubrisa da mosmenis jansaRi garemos Seqmna,
sadac moswavleebi pasuxs ageben sakuTar qmedebaze, im maswavleb-
els SeuZlia, romelsac sjera Tanasworobis, Tavisuflebisa da
samarTlianobis demokratiuli principebis.
SemswavlelTa sazogadoebas aZlierebs moswavleebis erTma-
neTze zrunva, rac xels uwyobs tolerantobasa da pativiscemas,
socialuri unarebis ganviTarebas, fiqrs saerTo davalebis Ses-
rulebis dros da misi dasrulebis Semdeg. saerTo xedva da dis-
kursi viTardeba pirispiri urTierTobebis safuZvelze, romlis
drosac moswavleebi saerTo miznis miRwevas cdiloben da dadeb-
iTi urTierTdamokidebulebis saSualebiT izrdeba gunduri su-
liskveTeba.
socialur swavlas xels uwyobs dadebiTi komunikacia da
urTierTpativiscema. moswavleebi cdiloben yvelas mosazrebis

41
gaTvaliswinebas konkretuli amocanis dagegmvisa da ganxor-
cielebis procesSi. pativiscema xdeba maswavlebeli–moswavlisa
da moswavle–moswavlis urTierTobebis safuZveli. dadebiT urT-
ierTdamokidebulebaze zrunva ganamtkicebs socialur swavlasa
da klasSi mikuTvnebulobis grZnobas.
daskvnis saxiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom demokratiul saklaso
oTaxsa da maswavlebels, romelic TanamSromlobiT swavlas iy-
enebs, erTgvari sinergiis efeqti aqvs. Tuki sazogadoeba iswraf-
vis, aaSenos demokratiuli sazogadoeba, romelic uzrunvelyofs
samarTlianobasa da pativiscemas, mniSvnelovania, gaviTvaliswin-
oT aramarto moswavleTa swavlis akademiuri, aramed, maTi so-
cialuri ganviTarebis Sedegebic. TanamSromlobiTma swavlam,
rogorc strategiam, daadastura moswavleTa akademiuri da so-
cialuri swavlis xelSemwyobi funqcia. TanamSromlobiTi swav-
lis procesSi moswavleebi erTmaneTTan kognitur, socialur da
emociur kavSirebs amyareben da viTardebian. es inkluziuri peda-
gogikaa, romelic waaxalisebs demokratiul saklaso garemos.

2.4. moqalaqeobrivi ganaTlebis konteqsti

2.4.1. CarTuloba moqalaqeobrivi ganaTlebis konteqstSi
moqalaqeobrivi ganaTleba mimarTulia iqiT, rom sazogadoe-
bis wevrebi flobdnen sakmaris codnas, unarebs, ganwyobebsa da
damokidebulebebs, raTa maT, pirdapiri monawileobis gziT, xeli
Seuwyon moqalaqeobrivi Segnebis gaZlierebas sazogadoebis war-
momadgenlebSi (Dewey, 1916; Gutmann, 1987; Apple & Beane, 2007a). kv-
levebi adasturebs, rom demokratiuli principebis gasaZliere-
blad sakmarisi ar aris mxolod demokratiis sakiTxebisa da misi
funqcionirebis meqanizmebis codna, aramed, aucilebelia `de-
mokratiuli ganaTlebis~ miznebsa da meTodologiaze dafuZneb-
uli iseTi kompleqsuri da multiperspeqtiuli saganmanaTleblo
sistema, romelic, moqalaqeTa CarTulobiT ganapirobebs sazoga-
doebis ukeTesobisken transformacias (Banks, 2002; Giroux, 2004).
socialuri samarTlianobisken miswrafebiT da misi mxardaWer-
iT, moqalaqeobrivi ganaTleba gvTavazobs SesaZleblobas, pirvel
rigSi, davicvaT yvela moswavle usamarTlo mopyrobisgan da uz-
runvelvyoT maTi Tanabaruflebian moqalaqeebad Camoyalibeba
(Young, 2006). meore mxriv, moqalaqeobrivi ganaTleba, formaluri

42
da araformaluri ganaTlebis aqtivobebSi moswavleTa CarTviT,
gvaZlevs yvela moswavlis personaluri ganviTarebis SesaZle-
blobas (Abdi & Richardson, 2008; Gutmann, 1987).
moqalaqeobrivi ganaTlebis miznebis misaRwevad, misi efeq-
tianobis asamaRleblad, mniSvnelovania maswavlebelTa maRali
mzaoba, raSic igulisxmeba rogorc kvalifikacia, ise survili,
saswavlo procesi daukavSiron moswavleebSi demokratiuli un-
arebis da damokidebulebebis ganviTarebas (Democratic Inclusive
Educators, 2013). am mxriv warmatebuli maswavleblebi xSirad ax-
denen sakuTari praqtikis Sefasebas, iTvaliswineben kolegebis
gamocdilebas da mudam cdiloben siaxleebis gaTvaliswinebas.
praqtikis Sesafaseblad da inovaciuri midgomebis dasanergad
saWiroa, maswavleblebma gamoiyenenon kvlevis sworad SerCeuli
instrumentebi. TviTSefaseba unda iTvaliswinebdes Semdegi gare-
moebebis/aspeqtebis kvlevas:

1. rogor mesmis moqalaqeobrivi CarTuloba da ra mniSvnelo-

bas vaniWeb mas Cems pedagogikur praqtikaSi?
2. ramdenad uwyobs xels swavla-swavlebisa da klasis marTvis
Cemeuli stili moswavleTa moqalaqeobriv CarTulobas?
3. moqalaqeobrivi CarTulobis gamocdilebis zrdasTan er-
Tad, rogor icvleba moswavleTa monawileobis xarisxobrivi
maCveneblebi sxvadasxva sakiTxze/Temaze muSaobisas?
4. rogor da ramdenad floben maswavleblebi moqalaqeobrivi
ganaTlebis principebs?
5. ra gziT SeiZleba maswavleblebma gaifarToon moqalaqeo-
brivi warmodgenebi da gaiumjobeson praqtika?

araerT Teoretikoss aqvs Seswavlili moqalaqeobisa da de-

mokratiuli CarTulobis aspeqtebi. maTi TvalsazrisiT, demokra-
tiuli CarTuloba xorcieldeba im SesaZleblobebis farglebSi,
rasac iZleva ama Tu im sazogadoebis praqtikuli demokratiuli
gamocdileba. sazogadoebas SeuZlia, Secvalos sakuTari as-
parezis sazRvrebi da intensivoba demokratiuli praqtikis ga-
ZlierebiT. individebi, romlebic monawileoben demokratiul
procesebSi, unda flobdnen demokratiisTvis brZolis xerxebs,
rac moqalaqeebisgan, demokratiis wesebis codnasTan erTad, maTi
gamoyenebis unaris flobasac gulisxmobs, gansakuTrebiT maSin,
rodesac saqme exeba politikur procesebze kontrolis mop-

43
ovebis mcdelobebs. amasTan, moqalaqeebi mzad unda iyvnen, saku-
Tari codna da demokratiis farglebSi moqmedebis Tavisufle-
ba gaavrcelon sazogadoebaSi. amrigad, politikur procesebSi
monawileoba damokidebulia demokratiis codnasa da sazogadoe-
brivi valdebulebebis gaTavisebaze. saboloo jamSi, monawileo-
biTi demokratia SegviZlia warmovidginoT procesad, sadac in-
dividebi aqtiurad monawileoben problemuri sakiTxebis garSemo
debatebsa da gadawyvetilebebis miRebaSi.

2.4.2. demokratiuli gamocdileba, monawileoba da ndoba

bavSvis ganviTarebis Sesaxeb axali sociologiuri Sexed-
ulebis Sesabamisad, erTi mxriv, sistema zRudavs bavSvebs, magram,
imavdroulad, bavSvebi aqtiurad zemoqmedeben sistemaze (Thorn-
berg, Elvstrand, 2012). isini ubralod ki ar swavloben socialur
samyaros, aramed, cdiloben, gaiazron sakuTari kultura da
monawileoba miiRon masSi (Corsaro, 2005). `bavSvebi qmnian da monaw-
ileoben TanatolTa unikalur kulturaSi, SemoqmedebiTad iReben
da usadageben zrdasrulTa samyarodan miRebul informacias sa-
kuTari problemebis gadaWras~ (Corsaro, 2005). ganviTarebis sfer-
oebis Teoriis mixedviT (Nucci, 2001; Smetana, 2006; Turiel, 2006),
kognituri struqturebi viTardeba da yalibdeba fundamenturi
kategoriebis, e.w. domenebis sazRvrebSi bavSvebisa da socialuri
garemos urTierTqmedebis Sedegad. Teoriis mixedviT, bavSvebi
sakuTar socialur codnas ageben sam gansxvavebul sferoSi:

1. zneobrivi sfero - gulisxmobs adamianis keTildReobas,

samarTlianobasa da uflebebs. socialuri - `TviTnebur~ normebs
(etiketi da manerebi), romlebic awesrigeben individebis urT-
ierTqmedebas socialur sistemebSi;
2. socialuri sfero - socialuri SeTanxmebebi efuZneba av-
toritets, tradiciebsa da Cveulebebs;
3. personaluri sfero - mianiSnebs qmedebaTa im nakrebze,
romelsac individi, pirvel rigSi, miawers sakuTar Tavs da, ro-
melic, gamarTlebuli socialuri regulaciis farglebs miRmaa
(Nucci, 2001, Helwig, 2006).

es qmedebebi ganixileba ara `swori~ da `arasworis~ kate-

goriebis, aramed imis mixedviT, Tu ras aniWebs individi upirate-

44
sobas da rogor arCevans akeTebs. dasavlur kulturaSi amgvar
qmedebaTa magaliTebia piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobaze, mego-
brebis, partniorebisa da gasarTobi aqtivobebis Tavisufal
arCevanze fokusirebuli qmedebebi. kvlevebi adasturebs, rom
moraluri, sazogado da personaluri sakiTxebi adreul asakSi
vlindeba, rogorc gansxvavebuli konceptualuri CarCoebi (e.w.
domenebi) sxvadasxva kulturebSi (Nucci, 2001; Turiel, 2006). Sedegad,
bavSvebSi adreuli asakidanve SeiniSneba tendencia, kritikulad
gansajos sakuTar garemoSi (mag. ojaxsa an skolaSi) zogierTi
socialuri SeTanxmeba (socialuri normebisa da wesebis formiT
arsebuli), rogorc zneobrivad mcdari (mag. usamarTlo) an da-
pirispirebuli imasTan, rac, maTi azriT, maTive gadasawyvetia
(mag. personaluri sfero).
amrigad, ganviTarebis Teoriebis mixedviT, bavSvebi (iseve,
rogorc zrdasrulebi) sakuTari gamocdilebis interpretaciasa
da masze refleqsias axdenen, zogierT socialur normas iReben,
zogs ki eWvqveS ayeneben an uaryofen (Neff & Helwig, 2002; Wain-
ryb, 2006). socialur samyaroSi individis aqtiuri pozicia gu-
lisxmobs kulturis gaziarebul da aragaziarebul aspeqtebs,
rogorc individis farglebSi, ise sazogadoebis wevrebs Soris
(Neff & Helwig, 2002). bavSvebis damokidebuleba socialuri gamoc-
dilebis mniSvnelobasTan da am gamocdilebis maregulirebel Ri-
rebulebebTan da normebTan gansxvavebulia. maT, SesaZloa, kri-
tikuli damokidebulebac ki ganuviTardeT socialuri cxovrebis
sxvadasxva aspeqtis mimarT, daupirispirdnen mas an misi Secvlac
ki scadon (Wainryb, 2006).
amavdroulad, bavSvebisagan moelian mSoblebisa da maswav-
leblebisadmi met–naklebi xarisxis morCilebasa da erTgulebas.
isini damokidebulni arian mSoblebze da emorCilebian zrdas-
rulTa kontrols (Alderson, 1999). irlandiaSi dawyebiT safexurze
Catarebuli kvlevis monacemebiT, moswavleebs ar SeuZliaT xmis
amoReba an sxvagvari monawileoba sakuTari saskolo cxovrebis
wesebsa da sxva aspeqtebTan dakavSirebiT (Devine, 2000, 2002). did
britaneTSi (Davies, 2000; Thomas & O’Kane, 1999), kanadasa (Raby, 2008)
da skandinaviaSi (Aspán, 2009) Catarebulma kvlevebmac msgavsi
Sedegebi aCvena – moswavleebSi gavrcelebulia Sexeduleba, rom
gadawyvetilebebi da wesebi maswavleblebis an skolis adminis-
tratorebis mier miiReba da moswavleebs ar aqvT xmis ufleba.
kvlevis monacemebi adasturebs, rom Sved moswavleTa SesaZle-

45
bloba - skolaSi gamoTqvan sakuTari mosazreba da monawileoba
miiRon, rogorc demokratiulma agentebma, mkacrad SezRudulia.
magaliTad, kvlevis Sedegad aRmoCnda, rom maswavleblebi bavS-
vebisTvis mimarTulebis micemaze, maT moralur da socialur
aRzrdaze zrunavdnen da ar qmnidnen iseT saswavlo garemos, ro-
melic xels Seuwyobda moswavleTa kritikul azrovnebas, an urT-
ierTobas, romelSic isini TavianTi perspeqtivebiTa da interese-
biT CaerTvebodnen (Aspán, 2009).
amrigad, skolis struqturasa da praqtikaSi arsebobs kon-
fliqti avtoritarul/tradiciul da demokratiul/progresul
idealebs Soris. saklaso oTaxSi disciplina aris `skolis teqno-
logia, romlis saSualebiT xdeba socialuri aRzrda da moswavle-
Ta populaciis regulireba~ (Millei & Raby, 2010) da swored amito-
maa is ZalauflebiT gamsWvaluli. rogorc bernSteini aRniSnavs,
es maregulirebeli diskursi moraluri diskursia, radgan qmnis
kriteriumebs xasiaTisTvis, qcevisTvis, manerebisTvis da a.S. (Bern-
stein, 2000). yoveldRiur saskolo cxovrebaSi wesebi, regulaciebi,
procesebi da RirebulebaTa konfliqtebi SesaZlebelia gavigoT
da SeviswavloT faruli kurikulumis TvalsazrisiT. faruli
kurikulumi SesaZloa ganvsazRvroT, rogorc `yvelaferi, rasac
moswavleebi swavloben oficialuri kurikulumis miRma~. es aris
`codnasTan, RirebulebebTan, qcevis normebTan da damokideb-
ulebebTan dakavSirebuli implicituri Setyobinebebis nakrebi,
romelsac moswavleebi awydebian saganmanaTleblo procesSi~
(Skelton, 1997) da mas mudam axlavs normatiuli da zneobrivi kom-
ponenti (Portelli, 1993). faruli kurikulumis funqcia socialuri
kontrolia da ganisazRvreba sxvadasxvagvarad, rogorc politi-
kuri socializacia, RirebulebaTa gadacema, klasis struqturis
SenarCuneba, morCilebis swavleba, dominanturi normatiuli dis-
kursis SenarCuneba da a.S.
rogorc kvlevebma cxadhyo, urTierTobis forma, rodesac
maswavlebels Zalaufleba aqvs, xolo moswavle unda daemor-
Cilos, sakmaod sicocxlisunariani aRmoCnda. avtoritetisadmi
morCileba, da ara demokratiuli monawileoba, kvlavac aris fa-
ruli kurikulumis ganuyofeli nawili. skolis wesebis, rutinisa
da subordinaciis gacnob `swavlebis~ nawilia, sadac avtorite-
tisadmi, wesebisadmi, drois grafikisadmi, rutinisadmi da a.S.
morCileba aucilebelia moswavlis saskolo, xolo mogvianebiT,
SromiT cxovrebaSi CarTvisTvis. avtoritetisadmi morCilebis

46
norma socialuri cxovrebis struqturis sabaziso elementia.
saxlSic da skolaSic bavSvebisagan elodebian, rom daemorCilon
zrdasruls. adamianebSi es daswavlili norma problemuria, ra-
sac Sedegad brma morCileba mosdevs da xSirad gadawonis sxva
normebsa da Rirebulebebs. am SemTxvevaSi, zneoba ki ar qreba,
aramed radikalurad gansxvavebul fokusze gadaerTveba: adami-
ani grZnobs pasuxismgeblobas avtoritetis winaSe, Tumca aranair
pasuxismgeblobas ar grZnobs im qmedebebis mimarT, romlis Ses-
rulebac avtoritetma daavala. kvlevam daadastura, rom mas-
wavleblisadmi moswavleTa daqvemdebarebuli mdgomareoba ewi-
naaRmdegeba demokratias skolaSi da, Sesabamisad, moswavleTa
monawileobis politikur ganzraxvas da demokratiul ganaTleba-
sac (Dewey, 1916; Englund, 2006).
ganaTlebis erT–erT prioritetul miznad unda iqces sas-
kolo gadawyvetilebebSi moswavleebis monawileobis uzrunve-
lyofa da skolis demokratiul procedurebSi CarTva (Utbild-
ningsdepartementet, 1998; Saha & Print, 2010; Thornberg, Elvstrand, 2012).
Ria saklaso garemoSi moswavleebs Tavisuflad SeuZliaT, ar
gaiziaron maswavleblis politikuri da socialuri Sexedule-
bebi, xolo maswavlebeli pativs scems moswavleTa mosazrebebs
da waaxalisebs maT TviTgamoxatvas, politikur da socialur
sakiTxebze msjelobas. moswavleTa mier saklaso garemos Riao-
bis xarisxis gancda pozitiur korelaciaSia maTive samoqalaqo
codnasTan da xelisuflebisadmi ndobasTan, aseve, maT politi-
kur interesTan, rac, Tavis mxriv, ukavSirdeba moswavleTa de-
mokratiul Rirebulebebs da socialur CarTulobas. kvlevebis
safuZvelze, gamovlenilia is winaaRmdegobebi, romelTa gadaWra
aucilebelia Ria saskolo da saklaso garemos Sesaqmnelad, rac
xels Seuwyobs moswavleTa CarTvas demokratiul gamocdileba-
Si da moamzadebs skolis farglebs miRma demokratiaSi aqtiuri
monawileobisTvis. sanam winaaRmdegobebi da SezRudvebi implici-
turad moqmedebs, rogorc skolis faruli kurikulumis Semad-
geneli nawili, moswavleTa monawileoba ver iqneba warmatebuli,
rogori srulyofilic unda iyos ganaTlebis erovnuli kanonebi
da saskolo demokratiis politika.
skolis kulturis ganviTarebaSi moswavleTa monawileobis
xarisxis gasaumjobeseblad, aucilebelia: (1) maswavleblebma
aimaRlon codna TiTqosda TavisTavad nagulisxmevi Zalauflebi-
sa da yoveldRiur saskolo kulturaSi urTierTobis modelis,

47
saskolo cxovrebis Sesaxeb, radgan amis gareSe fuWi iqneba sas-
kolo demokratiisTvis sivrcis Seqmnis nebismieri Zalisxmeva. (2)
adgilobrivma politikosebma da skolis administratorebma xeli
unda Seuwyon skolis demokratiuli kulturis ganviTarebas. (3)
miuxedavad imisa, rom maswavleblis momzadebis programebSi gaT-
valiswinebulia bavSvTa uflebebis, skolis kanonmdeblobisa da
politikis dokumentebis swavleba (sadac xazgasmulia saskolo
demokratiis mizani da moswavleTa monawileoba), samwuxarod,
ar aswavlian, rogori unda iyos monawileobiTi demokratiis
praqtika, rogor unda marTon demokratia skolaSi da rogor
gaumklavdnen skolis kulturaSi arsebul winaaRmdegobebs. Se-
sabamisad, momaval maswavleblebs zedapiruli warmodgena aqvT
monawileobiTi demokratiis Sesaxeb, ar aqvT Sesabamisi damokide-
buleba TavisTavad arsebuli normebisa da Zalauflebis Sesaxeb,
rac maT xels uSlis saskolo demokratiis danergvaSi. es sakiTxe-
bi gaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos maswavleblis momzadebis kuri-
kulumsa da saskolo praqtikaSi. sasargeblo iqneba warmatebuli
saskolo demokratiis gacnobac da misi adaptireba adgilobrivi
Taviseburebebis gaTvaliswinebiT.

2.4.3. moswavleebi - saskolo gadawyvetilebebis ZiriTadi

agentebi
demokratiuli kulturis mqone skolebis moswavleebi Car-
Tulni arian skolis strategiul ganviTarebaSi, ramdenadac
isini aqtiurad monawileoben saswavlo procesis dagegmvasa da
ganxorcielebaSi. demokratiul saskolo/saklaso garemoSi mas-
wavleblebi cdiloben moswavleebis CarTvas gakveTilis gegmis
SemuSavebaSi, Sefasebis sistemis gansazRvraSi, swavlebis meTo-
debis, gakveTilze gamoyenebuli midgomebisa da aqtivobebis Ser-
CevaSi (Young, 2006). kurikulumis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebebis miRe-
baSi moswavleebis CarTulobis aprobirebuli saSualebaa maTi
interesebis da molodinebis gaTvaliswineba mokle da grZelva-
diani saganmanaTleblo miznebis Camoyalibebisas (Garrison, 2008;
Greer, Greer, & Hawkins, 2003; Gross, 2006; Metzger, 2004). `bavSvebs aqvT
ufleba, monawileoba miiRon saskolo gadawyvetilebebSi, rom-
lebic Seexeba maT momaval ganaTlebas. maT, aseve, ufleba aqvT,
uari Tqvan gansxvavebul saganmanaTleblo programebsa da ara-
formaluri ganaTlebis aqtivobebSi monawileobaze~ (Osler, 2010).

48
 imisTvis, rom moswavleTa xma saskolo cvlilebebSi ufro
mniSvnelovani gaxdes, saWiroa, maT SeZlon TavianTi arCevanis
dafiqsireba legitimuri da urTierTSeTanxmebuli formiT. mag-
aliTad, kurikulumis sakamaTo sakiTxebis ganxilva SeiZleba
moewyos moswavleTa konferenciebze, saskolo sazogadoebis kre-
bebze an moswavleTa TviTmmarTvelobis mier.
saklaso gadawyvetilebebis miRebaSi moswavleebis monawileoba
efuZneba da aZlierebs im kavSirebs, romlebic warmoiSveba real-
uri cxovrebiseuli gamocdilebisa da swavlis urTierTkavSiris
Sedegad. aseTi praqtika moswavleebs saSualebas aZlevs, ganix-
ilon problemebi da maTi gadaWris SesaZleblobebi. moswavleebi-
sa da maswavleblebis mier inicirebuli saklaso gadawyvetile-
bebi moswavleebs aZlevs moqmedebisa da azrovnebis damatebiT
impulsebs, rodesac isini iyeneben demokratiul unarebs da
xdebian mravalferovani saganmanaTleblo procesebisa da situa-
ciebis monawileni (Osler, 2010; Parker, 2008). metic, gadawyvetilebis
miRebaSi moswavleebis monawileoba ganapirobebs damdgari Sede-
gebisadmi maT pozitiur, mimReblur damokidebulebas. amasTan,
moswavleTa CarTuloba saskolo da saklaso gadawyvetilebebis
miRebaSi, TavisTavad warmoadgens demokratiul process da masSi
monawileoba moqalaqeobrivi ganaTlebis efeqturi da ualter-
nativo gzaa. procesebSi monawileobiT moswavleebi iZenen axal
da iviTareben ukve arsebul demokratiul gamocdilebas, ecno-
bian, afaseben da iTvaliswineben gansxvavebul Tvalsazrisebs,
swavloben sxvadasxva jgufTan komunikacias, gadawyvetilebebis
miRebis meqanizmebs, uZlierdebaT piradi pasuxismgebloba Tana-
tolebisa Tu ufrosebis mimarT.
rogorc sxvadasxva kvlevaSi monawile maswavleblebi miuTiTe-
ben, moswavleTa CarTuloba gansakuTrebiT efeqturia maSin,
Tu is ar Semoifargleba mxolod saklaso da saskolo donee-
bze monawileobiT da garkveuli proeqtebis farglebSi xerxdeba
araformaluri garemos, saTemo da sazogadoebrivi sakiTxebis
ganxilva, maTi gadaWris perspeqtivebis ZiebiTa da axali ideebis
generirebiT.
inkluziuri saklaso sazogadoebis formirebiT iqmneba gare-
mo, sadac moswavleebi erTmaneTze zrunaven, uziareben mosaz-
rebebs da aRniSnaven erTmaneTis warmatebebs. magaliTad, mo-
swavleebi qmnian eleqtronul portals, sadac isini saubroben
mniSvnelovan cxovrebiseul movlenebze, erTmaneTs acnoben sa-

49
kuTar STabeWdilebebsa da rCevebs; ikribebian da awyoben diskus-
iebs klasgareSe RonisZiebebis Casatareblad - irCeven marSruts,
aqtivobis formas, gansazRvraven miznebs, saWiroebebs, maTi
mogvarebis gzebs da a.S. ase rom, moswavleebis sazogadoebrivi
aqtiuroba ganapirobebs demokratiuli inkluziuri saskolo/
saklaso garemos Seqmnas, rac, upirvelesad, swavlebis Sinaarsis,
stilisa da Sefasebis meqanizmebis (rubrikebis) SerCevis procesSi
maT monawilebaSi vlindeba.

50
 3. socio-emociuri swavla moqalaqeobrivi
ganaTlebisTvis
mocemul TavSi ganxilulia socio-emociuri swavlis ZiriTa-
di principebi, socio-emociuri swavlisa da swavlebis strategie-
bi da maTi gavlena moswavleTa kompetenciebze moqalaqeobrivi
ganaTlebis kuTxiT.

3.1. socio-emociuri swavla

bolo ramdenime aTwleulia, Tanamedrove skolis winaSe mdgar
prioritetul amocanebs Soris gansakuTrebiT mzardi mniSvnelo-
biT gamoirCeva moswavlis socialuri da emociuri ganviTareba,
rogorc sazogadoebis keTildReobis erT-erTi mTavari sayrdeni.
moswavlis socio-emociuri ganviTarebis aspeqtebis, gavlenebisa
da mniSvnelobis, masze moqmedi faqtorebis irgvliv arsebuli
sakiTxebi ufro da ufro intensiurad eqceva ganaTlebis siste-
mebis Teoriis, praqtikisa Tu kvlevebis interesis qveS. araerTi
kvleva adasturebs moswavlis socio-emociuli ganviTarebis gad-
amwyveti mniSvnelobis efeqts moswavlis akademiur miRwevebze
(OECD), anu imaze, rac, tradiciulad, yovelTvis warmoadgenda
saskolo ganaTlebis mTavar mizans.
vinaidan jansaRi, socialurad harmoniuli da usafrTxo
sazogadoebis formirebaze dakveTa, upirvelesad, mimarTulia
skolisaken, xolo, Tavis mxriv, Tanamedrove samyaros kompleq-
suroba, ganviTarebis uprecedentod mzardi dinamika da teqnolo-
giuri progresi skolis mxridan ufro da ufro met Zalisxmevas
iTxovs moswavlis socialuri da emociuri ganviTarebisTvis, sul
ufro didi mniSvneloba eniWeba am mimarTulebiT ara spontanur
da erTjerad, aramed organizebul da meTodologiurad gamar-
Tul, stabilur, xangrZliv saqmianobas.
termin `socialuri da emociuri swavlis~, rogorc koncep-
tualuri CarCos Camoyalibeba ukavSirdeba 1994 wels ganaTlebis
specialistebis, mkvlevrebis, ganaTlebis politikosebis, bavSvis
ganviTarebis eqspertebis Sexvedras, romelsac fetceris insti-
tutma umaspinZla. moswavlis socio-emociuri kompetenciis gan-
viTarebis, akademiuri miRwevebis, janmrTelobisa da moqalaqeo-
bis, aseve, qceviTi problemebis prevenciis sakiTxebze skolis,
ojaxisa da sazogadoebis koordinirebuli muSaobisaTvis fet-

51
ceris jgufis mier wardgenil iqna, erTi mxriv, socio-emociuri
swavlis (SEL) konceptualuri CarCo, meore mxriv, aRniSul Sex-
vedraze safuZveli Caeyara organizacias `TanamSromloba akade-
miuri, socialuri da emociuri swavlisTvis~ (CASEL), romlis
misiasa da aqtiur saqmianobas dRemde socio-emociuri swavlis,
rogorc mecnieruli Seswavla warmoadgens, aseve, qmnis warmate-
bul praqtikas da xels uwyobs socio-emociuri swavlis progr-
amebis gavrcelebas.

3.2. socio-emociuri swavlis konceptualuri modeli

dRes socio-emociuri swavla moswavleTa warmatebis sakvanZo
indikatorad miiCneva. kvlevebi aCvenebs mis maRal korelacias
rogorc akademiur SedegebTan, aseve, samuSao bazarze arsebul
mzard da cvalebad moTxovnebTan (Blad, 2017, Hanover Research,
2017).
imisaTvis, rom socio-emociuri swavlis Sedegebi yoveldRiur
cvlilebebad gardaiqmnas, aucilebelia sistemuri midgomebi.
swored am sistemurobis ganmapirobeblad iqmneba specialuri
programebi, romlebic aerTianebs sxvadasxva meTods, aqtivobas,
strategias. socio-emociuri swavlis programebic, sxva msgavsi
midgomebis msgavsad, efuZneba codnas, unarebsa da damokideb-
ulebebs da moicavs intrapersonalur, interpersonalur da kog-
nitur kompetenciebs (National Research Council, 2012), xolo socio-
emociuri swavla, rogorc konceptualuri CarCo, warmodgenilia
Semdegi xuTi komponentis/sferos saxiT:

TviTSemecneba - moicavs sakuTari emociebis, piradi miznebisa

da Rirebulebebis gacnobierebas, sakuTari Zlieri mxareebisa da
sisusteebis gaazrebas, pozitiur azrovnebas, Tavdajerebulo-
basa da optimizms. TviTSemecnebis maRal safexurebze aseve igu-
lisxmeba imis gacnobierebis unaric, Tu rogor aris urTierTda-
kavSiriebuli erTmaneTTan fiqrebi, grZnobebi da qcevebi;
TviTmarTva - moicavs unarebsa da damokidebulebebs, romelTa
daxmarebiTac SesaZlebelia emociebisa da qcevebis regulireba.
aseve, aerTianebs stresisa da kmayofilebis marTvas, kontrols
sakuTar impulsebze da nebisyofas, ganaxorcielo cvlilebebi
piradi Tu saganmanaTleblo miznebis misaRwevad;
socialuri cnobiereba - moicavs gansxvavebuli gamocdilebi-

52
sa Tu kulturis mqone adamianebis Sexedulebebis miRebas, empa-
Tiasa da TanagrZnobis gancdas, socialuri normebisa da qcevebis
gaazrebasa da ojaxis, skolisa da sazogadoebis Secnobasa da mx-
ardaWeras;
urTierTobis unarebi - moiazrebs moswavleTa SesaZleblo-
bebs, daamyaron jansaRi urTierTobebi. moicavs mkafio komuni-
kaciis, aqtiuri mosmenis, TanamSromlobis, Seusabamo socialuri
wnexis aridebis, konfliqtis konstruqciulad gadaWrisa da,
saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, daxmarebis Txovnis principebs;
pasuxismgeblobaze damyarebuli gadawyvetilebis miReba -
gulisxmobs sxvadasxva situaciaSi pirad qcevasa da socialur
interaqciasTan dakavSirebuli konstruqciuli arCevanisaTvis
saWiro codnas, unarebsa da damokidebulebebs. moicavs eTikuri
standartebis, sakuTari da sxvebis usafrTxoebis, janmrTelo-
bisa da keTildReobis gaTvaliswinebas.

CASEL TiToeuli komponentis/kompetenciis Sesabamis aRwer-

asTan erTad, e.w. maTTan dakavSirebul unarebsac warmogvidgens:

komponenti / kompe- aRwera dakavSirebuli unarebi

tencia
TviTSemecneba moicavs sakuTari emociebis,  emociebis identi-
piradi miznebisa da Rire- ficireba
bulebebis gacnobierebas,
 TviTaRqma
sakuTari Zlieri mxareebisa
da sisusteebis gaazrebas,  Zlieri mxareebis
pozitiur azrovnebas, Tavda- gacnobiereba
jerebulobasa da optimizms.  davdajerebuloba
TviTSemecnebis maRal safex-  TviTefeqturoba
urebze aseve igulisxmeba
imis gacnobierebis unaric,
Tu rogor aris urTierTda-
kavSiriebuli erTmaneTTan
fiqrebi, grZnobebi da qcevebi

53
TviTmarTva moicavs unarebsa da  impusebis kontr-
damokidebulebebs, romelTa oli
daxmarebiTac SesaZlebe-
 stresis marTva
lia emociebisa da qcevebis
regulireba. aseve, aerTianebs  TviTdisciplina
stresisa da kmayofilebis  TviTmotivireba
marTvas, kontrols sakuTar  mizandasaxuloba
impulsebze da nebisyofas,  onganizebuloba
ganaxorcielo cvlilebebi
piradi Tu saganmanaTleblo
miznebis misaRwevad
socialuri cno- moicavs gansxvavebuli gamoc-  mravalperspeqti-
biereba dilebisa Tu kulturis mqone uli xedva / per-
adamianebis Sexedulebebis
speqtivis gansaz-
miRebas, empaTiasa da Tana-
grZnobis gancdas, socialuri Rvra
normebisa da qcevebis gaaz-  empaTia
rebasa da ojaxis, skolisa da  mravalferovnebis
sazogadoebis Secnobasa da dafaseba
mxardaWeras
 sxvebis pativis-
cema
urTierTobis un- moiazrebs moswavleTa Sesa-  komunikacia
arebi Zleblobebs, daamyaron jan-  socialuri Car-
saRi urTierTobebi. moicavs
Tuloba
mkafio komunikaciis, aqtiuri
mosmenis, TanamSromlobis,  u r T i e r T o b e b i s
Seusabamo socialuri wnexis ageba
aridebis, konfliqtis kon-  gunduroba
struqciulad gadaWrisa da,
saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, dax-
marebis Txovnis principebs
pasuxismgeblobaze gulisxmobs sxvadasxva  problemebis iden-
damyarebuli situaciaSi pirad qcevasa da tificireba
gadawyvetilebis socialur interaqciasTan da-
 situaciebis ana-
miReba kavSirebuli konstruqciuli
arCevanisaTvis saWiro cod- lizi
nas, unarebsa da damokide-  p r o b l e m e b i s
bulebebs. moicavs eTikuri gadaWra
standartebis, sakuTari da  Sefaseba
sxvebis usafrTxoebis, janmr-
Telobisa da keTildReobis  refleqsia
gaTvaliswinebas  eTikuri pasux-
ismgebloba
wyaro: CASEL

54
 harvardis ganaTlebis skolis mier socio-emociuri swavlis
sayrdenad 12 gansxvavebuli unari ganisazRvra, romelTagan 10 sam
kategoriad - kognitur, emociur da qceviT unarebad ganawilda,
xolo danarCeni ori - calke gamoiyo. Tormetive unari, harvard-
is ganaTlebis skolis mkvlevrebis mier, moswavlis konkretul
SedegebSi aRiwereba (Ibid).

unarebi aRwera

kognituri unarebi
yuradRebis kon- relevantur informaciasa da samizne amocanebze orien-
troli tireba maSinac, roca xelis SemSlel faqtorebTan uwevs
gamklaveba
inhibiciuri kon- grZelvadiani miznis misaRwevad, qcevis Sekaveba an
troli transformireba
mexsierebis gaum- informaciis Senaxva; miznis misaRwevad saWiro nabijebis
jobeseba da dageg- identificireba da organizeba
mvis unarebi
kognituri moqni- gansxvavebul xedvebze gadarTva, sakiTxvis sxvadasxva
loba perspeqtividan danaxva

emociuri unarebi
emociebi da eqspre- rogorc sakuTari, ise sxvebis emociebis amocnoba, aRqma
sia da saxelis darqmeva; grZnobebis gamoxatva konteqstis
Sesabamisi formebiTa da gzebiT
emocia da qcevis emociuri aRgznebis intensivobisa Tu xangrZlivobis
regulireba modificireba efeqturi strategiebiT; socialurad
Sesabamisi qcevis molodinebs morgeba
empaTia da perspeq- sxvebis emociuri mdgomareobisa da Sexedulebebis
tivis gansazRvra / gageba
mravalperspeqti-
uli xedva

interpersonaluri unarebi
socialuri niS- socialur garemoSi arsebuli niSnebis interpretireba
nebis aRqma da maTi gamoyeneba sxvebis qcevis gasagebad
konfliqtebis gamosavalis Zebna da efeqturad moqmedeba konfliqtebi-
mogvareba da prob- sa Tu rTuli situaciebis dros
lemis gadaWra
prosocialuri socialuri urTierTobebis morgeba da swori navigacia
unarebi

55
damatebiTi unarebi
xasiaTi kulturuli niSniT gansazRvruli unarebi da Cvevebi,
ZiriTadi eTikuri Rirebulebebis Sesabamisi aRqmis,
damokidebulebisa da qcevisaTvis; sakuTari potencialis
srulad gamovlena miznis miRwevisa Tu samuSao konteqs-
tis Sesabamisad
azrovneba damokidebulebebi da Sexedulebebi sakuTari Tavisa Tu
sxvebis Sesaxeb, aseve, im garemoebebis Sesaxeb, romle-
bic gavlenas axdens mis yoveldRiurobasa da imaze, Tu
rogor pasuxobs Tavad movlenebs

wyaro: harvardis ganaTlebis skola

termini `socialuri da emociuri swavla~ miznobrivad

moicavs sityva `swavlas~ da asaxavs ideas, rom kompetenciaTa
zemoaRniSul 5 komponentSi/sferoSi moazrebuli unarebisa da
damokidebulebebis ganviTareba aris procesi da, upirvelesad,
swored skolaa is adgili, sadac moswavle amas swavlobs. socio-
emociuri swavlis warmatebuli midgomebi, sistemuri, mdgradi da
strateguli saqmianobis aqcentirebisaTvis, xSirad aerTianebs
oTx elements, romelsac gamosaxaven akronimiT SAFE (qarT. us-
afrTxo):

Sequenced - Tanmimdevruli - igulisxmeba aqtivobaTa urT-

ierTdakavSirebuli, koordinirebuli jaWvi unarebis ganviTa-
rebis mxardasaWerad;
Active - aqtiuri - igulisxmeba swavlis aqtiuri formebi, rom-
lebic exmareba moswavleebs unarebis gavarjiSebaSi;
Focused - fokusirebuli - igulisxmeba pirovnuli Tu social-
uri unarebis mizanmimarTulad ganviTareba;
Explicit - eqsplicituri - igulisxmeba mimarTeba specifikur
socialur da emociur unarebTan (Durlak et al., 2010, 2011)

mogvianebiT, mocemul oTx elementebs daemata mexuTe - R (Re-

flection) da formulirda, rogorc S.A.F.E.R (Blyth, Olson and Walker,
2017). Reflection - refleqsia, rogorc xazgasma, erTi mxriv, moswav-
leTa miRwevebis, aseve, ganxorcilebuli saqmianobis efeqtiano-
bis Sesaxeb dafiqrebis mniSvnelobaze.

zemoaRniSnuli elementebi, iseve, rogorc Tavad konceptua-

56
luri CarCo, xazs usvams moswavlis socialur, emociur Tu akade-
miur ganviTarebaSi saklaso, saskolo, ojaxisa da sazogadoebis
Tanmimdevrul, koordinirebul saqmianobas. am saqmianobaSi Tavi-
si gadamwyveti roli aqvs saerTo saskolo midgomas, skolis miR-
ma saqmianobas, ojaxsa da sazogadoebas, magram, garkveulwilad,
gadamwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs imas, Tu ra xdeba gakveTilze/sak-
laso oTaxSi. swored saklaso-sagakveTilo procesebi, garemo,
am garemos Semadgeneli pirebi gansazRvraven moswavlis rogorc
socio-emociur ganviTarebas, aseve, ganviTarebis SesaZlebloba-
sac. xolo saklaso-sagakveTilo sivrceSi mimdinare procesebi
ki, Tavis mxriv, saerTo saskolo xedvis, saerTo saskolo socio-
emociuri programis nawili unda iyos.

socio-emociuri swavlis SesaZleblobis micema moswavlisT-

vis SesaZlebelia nebismier safexurze, nebismier klassa da sa-
ganSi. magaliTad:
 Tu bavSvs skolamdeli ganaTlebis safexurze, sabavSo baRSi,
vuqmniT SesaZleblobas Sesabamisad upasuxos sxva bavSvebis
saWiroebebsa da qcevas,
 Tu 1-l - me-2 klasebSi moswavleebs xmamaRla vakiTxebT so-
cialuri problemebis Sesaxeb da vaZlevT saSualebas, im-
sjelon maTi gadaWris SesaZlo gzebze,
 Tu me-3 - me-5 klasebSi moswavleebs vuqmniT gansxvavebuli
swavlis stilis mqone moswavleebis pativiscemis models,
 Tu me-6 - me-8 klasebSi vexmarebiT moswavleebs aRweron, ro-
gor SeiZleba grZnobdes Tavs adamiani, romlis Sesaxebac usi-
amovno Worebi vrceldeba socialuri mediiT,
 Tu me-9 - me-12 klasebSi moswavleebs vaZlevT saSualebas, mi-
iRon pasuxismgeblobaze dafuZnebuli gadawyvetilebebi so-
cialuri problemebis Sesaxeb da vuqmniT garemos, rom Sexe-
don TavianT gadawyvetilebebs sxvadasxva perspeqtividan, - es
niSnavs, rom Tanmimdevrulad da mudmivad vaZlevT maT socio-
emociuri swavlis saSualebas (Rogers, 2019).

socio-emociuri swavlis Sedegebis kompleqsuroba ganapiro-

bebs imas, rom igi ufro da ufro xSirad gamoiyeneba specialuri
ganaTlebis mimarTulebiTac (Walker, 2019), rogorc TiToeuli
moswavlis warmatebis sayrdeni, miuxedavad moswavlis saWiroebis
specifikisa.

57
 sabolood, termini socio-emociuri swavla moicavs im un-
arebsa da praqtikul codnas, romlebic moswavles efeqturi ko-
munikaciisTvis, TanatolebTan interaqciisTvis, konfliqtebis
gadaWrisa da stresul situaciebSi sakuTari emociebis marT-
visTvis sWirdeba (American Institutes for Research; Hanover Research
2017).

3.3. socio-emociuri swavla da moqalaqeobrivi ganaTleba

vinaidan moqalaqeobrivi ganaTlebis ZiriTad mizans demokra-
tiuli sazogadoebis aqtiuri wevris Camoyalibeba warmoadgens,
xolo moqalaqeobriv kompetenciebad gansazRvrulia kulturuli
memkvidreobis dafaseba da masze zrunva, enobrivi da kulturu-
li mravalferovnebis gaazreba da dafaseba, sakuTari da gansx-
vavebuli kulturis warmomadgenlebTan/jgufebTan warmatebuli
komunikacia, konfliqtebis araZaladobrivi meTodebiT marTva da
sxv., xolo socio-emociuri swavlis konceptualuri CarCo, Ta-
vis mxriv, socialuri cnobierebis, aqtiuri, jansaRi socialuri
urTierTobebis, empaTiis, TanamSromlobis, konfliqtebis kon-
struqciulad gadaWris, pasuxismgeblobis da a.S. kompetenciebs
efuZneba, ufro da ufro izrdeba interesi am ori mimarTulebis
erTmaneTTan mWidrod dakavSirebis TvalsazrisiT (Andolina, Conk-
lin, 2018, 2019). tardeba kvlevebi, romlebic saganmanaTleblo
proeqtebSi, erTsa da imave dros, zomavs rogorc moqalaqeobriv,
aseve, socio-emociur kompetenciebs.

3.4. socio-emociuri swavlis danergva

rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, socio-emociuri swavlis efeqtiano-
bisTvis gadamwyveti mniSvneloba eniWeba Tanmimdevrul, organi-
zebul saqmianobas. amgvari saqmianobis ganmapirobeblad, `Tanam-
Sromloba akademiuri, socialuri da emociuri swavlisTvis~
(CASEL) gviziarebs swor da Tanmimdevrul dagegmvas, rogorc
sabaziso rekomendacias, efeqturi samoqmedo gegmis SemuSavebi-
sTvis.

dagegmva, skolis saWiroebebis Sesabamisad, unda moicavdes

Semdeg ZiriTad nabijebs:

58
 1. momzadeba:
 socio-emociuri swavlis samoqmedo gegmis SemuSavebaze pasux-
ismgebeli jgufis gansazRvra;
 drois gansazRvra;
 socio-emociuri swavlis miznebisa da mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb
informaciis gasajaroebisTvis Sesabamisi gzebis gansazRvra.

2. samoqmedo gegmis samuSao versiis momzadeba:

 resursebisa da saWiroebebis identificireba;
 socio-emociuri swavlis Sesaxeb Teoriuli, kvleviTi da praq-
tikuli informaciis moZieba da gamoyeneba;
 efeqturi profesiuli programebis SemuSaveba;
 sxvadasxva partniorTan dakavSireba da TanamSromloba;
 saswavlo gegmasTan da standartebTan socio-emociuri swav-
lis Sesabamisobis dadgena;
 warmatebuli praqtikis moZieba da danergva;
 akademiur Tu sxva mimdinare prioritetebSi socio-emociuri
swavlis efeqturad integrireba;
 socio-emociuri swavlis saskolo programis gaumjobesebis
sistemis SemuSaveba.

3. ukukavSiris miReba da gegmis gadamuSaveba:

 sxva dainteresebuli mxareebisgan ukukavSiris miReba;
 gegmis gadamuSaveba da damtkiceba.

4. dasrulebuli gegmis gamoqveyneba:

 gegmis wardgena im dainteresebuli mxareebisTvis, romlebic
ar iyvnen CarTuli SemuSavebis procesSi;
 gegmis gamoqveyneba vebgverdsa da sxva Sesabamis sivrceebSi;
 gegmis Sesrulebis regularuli monitoringi da progresis
gasajaroeba.

5. gegmis gadaxedva da ganaxleba:

 perioduli Sefasebebisa da prioritetebis cvlis Sesabamisad,
gegmis gadamuSaveba da ganaxleba.

efeqturi samoqmedo gegma, bunebrivia, unda moicavdes so-

cio-emociuri swavlis warmatebul strategiebs, praqtikas da
konkretul saqmianobas.
harvardis ganaTlebis skolis mkvlevrebma swavlebis sx-
59
vadasxva warmatebuli strategia gaaanalizes swored imis gansaz-
RvrisTvis, Tu ramdenad uwyobs xels esa Tu is stretegia socio-
emociuri swavlis kompetenciebis ganviTarebas. qvemoT mocemuli
cxrili swored am strategiebs/saqmianobis tipebs warmoadgens,
Sesabamisi aRweriT, Tu rogor ukavSirdeba esa Tu is strategia/
saqmianoba socio-emociur swavlas.

saqmianobis tipi aRwera

zogadi didaqtika specifikuri, konkretuli aqtivobebisa da modelebis
miwodeba socio-emociuri unarebis ganviTarebisTvis
diskusia wyvilebSi, patara jgufebsa Tu klasSi gamarTuli
diskusiis procesi, socio-emociur sakiTxebTan daka-
vSirebuli Temis Sesaxeb, Tavad Temis Sinaarsis gaaz-
rebasTan erTad, Zalian sasargebloa socio-emociuri
kompetenciebis ganviTarebisTvis
wignebi / ambebi socio-emociur sakiTxebTan dakavSirebuli Temis
Sesaxeb maswavleblis mier xmamaRla, an moswavlis mier
damoukideblad / TanatolebTan erTad kiTxva
leqsikaze muSaoba socio-emociur sakiTxebTan dakavSirebuli cnebebis
garSemo, sxvadasxva saganSi, konkretul sityvebsa da
terminebze muSaoba, leqsikuri maragis gamdidrebaze
mimarTuli aqtivobebis gamoyenebiT
samuSao furclebi / samuSao furclebi, specialuri rubrikebi, saswavlo
konkretuli saswav- instrumentebi konretul saxes aZlevs socio-emociuri
lo instrumentebi swavlis strategiebs
wera davalebebi, romlebic moswavles saSualebas aZlevs,
daweron/aRweron sakuTari an sxvebis gamocdileba
socio-emociur sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT
xelovneba / Semoq- moswavleebi qmnian aplikaciebs, xelovnebis sxvadasxva
medebiTi proeqtebi formas, SemoqmedebiT proeqtebs, socio-emociur
sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT
vizualuri resurse- sqemebi, posterebi, sxva vizualuri masala socio-emo-
bi ciur sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT
videoresursebi video mkafiod warmoaCens socio-emociur sakiTxebTan
dakavSirebul rTul situaciebs da iZleva myisieri re-
agirebis, detalebze mimarTuli diskusiis saSualebas
musika musika aZlierebs aqcents socio-emociur sakiTxebze,
moicavs cekvas, xelebis moZraobas
unarebis gavarjiSeba konkretul, socio-emociuri swavlis sakiTxebTan daka-
vSirebuli aqtivobebi

60
roluri TamaSebi adreul asakSi sasargebloa maswavleblis mxridan
rolis morgeba da modelireba, Semdeg SesaZloa
mivmarToT roluri TamaSis teqnikas rogorc mTeli
klasisTvis, aseve, moswavleTa garkveul jgufisTvis,
romlebic danarCeni klasis winaSe wardgebian rolebiT
TamaSebi TamaSebi aZlierebs aqcents socio-emociur sakiTxebze
da kravs moswavleebs erT gundad
kinesTetikuri aq- aqtivobebi, romlebic iTvaliswinebs moswavleTa moZ-
tivobebi raobas da fizikur aqtivobas, akavSirebs socio-emoci-
ur swavlas motorul funqciebTan
sxva aqtivobebi, romlebic zemoT CamoTvlil saqmianobebSi
ver moxvda, moicavs poezias, vizualizaciis savarji-
Soebs, meditacias da a.S.

wyaro: harvardis ganaTlebis skola

socio-emociuri swavlis danergva, bunebrivia, garkveul

gamowvevebsac ukavSirdeba. ZiriTad gamowvevebs Soris, Wallace
Foundation-is mier gamokveTilia Semdegi faqtorebi:

 maqsimaluri SedegisTvis sakmarisi Zalisxmevisa da intensi-

vobis miRweva - drois naklebobisa da maswavlebelTa gadat-
virTuli grafikis gamo, socio-emociuri swavlis xelSemwyob
strategiebs saTanado yuradReba ver eTmoba. mokle, sax-
eldaxelo aqtivobebi ki ar aris sakmarisi maqsimaluri Sede-
gis misaRebad;
 prioritetebis gansazRvra da socio-emociuri swavlis inte-
grireba yoveldRiur saqmianobaSi - xSirad socio-emociuri
swavla ar miiCneva ZiriTadi saganmanaTleblo misiis, saqmi-
anobis nawilad da moiazreba, rogorc damatebiTi, meorex-
arisxovani, yoveldRiur cxovrebaze naklebi efeqtis mqone
ram;
 socio-emociuri swavlis aqtivobebis gatana saklaso oTaxs
miRma - xSirad socio-emociuri swavlis samizned miiCneva is,
rac xdeba gakveTilze da yuradRebis miRma rCeba araformal-
uri ganaTleba, gakveTilebs Soris Sesvenebebi, ezo, saTamaSo
moednebi da, zogadad, skolis miRma sivrceebi;
 treningebi da TanamSromelTa mxridan sakmarisi mxardaWer-
is miReba - maswavleblebi, skolis personali da saskolo
sazogadoebis is nawili, romelsac skolis miRma aqvs kavSi-

61
 ri bavSvTan, mniSvnelovania, SeTanxmebulad moqmedebdnen da
iRebdnen profesiuli ganviTarebis saTanado servisebs, Tu
rogor unda izrunon moswavleTa socio-emociuri ganviTa-
rebis mimarTulebiT;
 warmatebuli praqtikis kavSiri skolis saWiroebebTan - xSirad
skolis xelmZRvaneloba da maswavleblebi ecnobian warmate-
buli praqtikis magaliTebs da ver axerxeben sxvebis gamoc-
dilebis dakavSirebas TavianT saWiroebebTan;
 kvleva da monacemebis gamoyeneba gadawyvetilebis miRebisas -
Zalian cota skola Tu axerxebs kvlevis warmoebas da Semdeg
am kvlevebis Sedegebze dayrdnobiT gadawyvetilebis miRebas,
Tu ra strategiebsa da programebs unda mimarTon socio-emo-
ciuri swavlis rogorc danergvis, aseve, Sefasebis Tvalsaz-
rsiT;
 gamoyenebiTi da transferuli unarebi - xSirad maswavleblebi,
saskolo Tu skolis miRma sazogadoeba ver axerxebs saWiro
dros gamoiyenos socio-emociuri swavlis strategiebi da
`saswavlo situaciebi~.

3.5. praqtikuli strategiebi socio-emociuri swavlis

xelSesawyobad
qvemoT warmogidgenT socio-emociuri swavlis warmatebuli
praqtikis magaliTebs (TamaSebs, programebs, midgomebs), romle-
bic, socialuri da emociuri ganviTarebis gziT, exmareba moswav-
les aqtiur moqalaqed CamoyalibebaSi.

3.5.1. `brazis Termometri~

`brazis Termometri~ socio-emociuri swavlis xelSemwyobi
saxaliso aqtivobaa. gansakuTrebiT sasargebloa misi gamoyeneba
dawyebiT safexurze. vinaidan socio-emociuri swavlis erT-erT
mizans swored emociebis amocnobis, gaazrebisa da marTvis un-
aris ganviTareba warmoadgens, `brazis Termometri~ swored am
mimarTulebiT muSaobisas gamoiyeneba.

am aqtivobis Sedegad:
 moswavleebi swavloben, rom gabrazeba bunebrivi movlenaa,
rom yvela SeiZleba gabrazdes sxvadasxva mizezis gamo;
62
 acnobiereben, rom zogjer gabrazebas gansakuTrebiT Warbi
emociebi axasiaTebs da am dros SeiZleba adamianma wonasworo-
ba dakargos;
 acnobiereben, rom sxvadasxva situaciaSi brazis temperaturam
SeiZleba ise moimatos, rogorc wylis temperatura imatebs
nel-nela, sanam aduRdeba.

praqtikuli rCevebi/nabijebi `brazis Termometris~ gamoy-

enebisTvis:
 moamzadeT samuSao furceli, romelic TamaSis ZiriTad masa-
las warmoadgens - samuSao furclebi SegiZliaT moamzadoT
Tqven TviTon, an moamzadebinoT moswavleebs;
 samuSao furcelze gamosaxuli unda iyos Termometri, xolo
Termometrze datanili unda iyos niSnulebi, romlebic mas 5
nawilad hyofs;
 SegiZliaT TiToeuli niSnuli sxvadasxva feriT moniSnoT
ise, rom feris gradaciam qvevidan zeviT temperaturis mate-
baze mianiSnos;
 danomreT niSnulebi qvemodan zemoT: 1-dan 5-is CaTvliT;
 numeraciis mixedviT daitaneT miniSnebebi:
1. mSvidi
2. gaRizianebuli
3. nawyeni
4. gabrazebuli
5. ganrisxebuli
 samuSao furclebi SegiZliaT gamoiyenoT rogorc damoukide-
beli, Tavisufali diskusiisas raime Temaze, aseve, konkretu-
li teqstis, videomasalis, movlenis, ambis analizisas;
 moswavleebi (individualurad, wyvilebSi an jgufebSi) avseben
`brazis Termometris~ samuSao furcels - konkretuli niS-
nulis (Sinaarsis, emociis) Sesabamisad asaxeleben magaliTebs;
 furclebis Sevsebis Semdeg moswavleebs mieciT msjelobis,
diskusiis saSualeba - isaubron TavianT naSromebze, axsnan,
ramdenad Seesabameba maT mier dasaxelebuli magaliTebi Ter-
mometrze emociuri `temperaturis matebas~;
 mniSvnelovania, rom yvelas mieces saSualeba, sakuTar naS-
romze isaubros;
 msjeloba unda moicavdes emociebis, gancdebis aRweras emo-
ciis ganviTarebis TiToeul etapze;

63
 garda emociebis aRwerisa, moswavleebs sTxoveT, TiToeuli
emociis Sesabamisad, maTi marTvis strategiebzec isaubron -
imsjelon, konkretul situaciaSi ra gamosavali SeiZleba ar-
sebobdes ama Tu im emociis marTvisTvis;
 diskusiis dros maswavlebelma imgvarad unda warmarTos
fasilitaciis procesi, rom moswavleebma SeZlon erTmaneTis
mosmena da gansxvavebuli mosazrebebis miReba;
 SesaZloa, moswavleebs urCioT `brazis Termometris~ samuS-
ao furclis gamoyeneba saxlSic, damoukideblad an ojaxis
wevrebTan erTad.

3.5.2. `madlierebis yulaba~

socio-emociuri swavlis xelSemwyob aqtivobebs, teqnikebsa
da TamaSebs Soris Zalze gavrcelebulia `madlierebis yulaba~.
misi gamoyeneba ar moiTxovs gansakuTrebul resursebsa da did
Zalisxmevas. xels uwyobs moswavleebSi iseTi kompetenciebis gan-
viTarebas, rogorebicaa:
 TviTSemecneba
 sakuTari da sxvebis emociebis analizi
 pativiscema
 empaTia
 madliereba
 komunikacia
 prosocialuri kompetencia
 yuradReba da dakvirveba
 kritikuli azrovneba

praqtikuli rCevebi/nabijebi `madlierebis yulabis~ gamoy-

enebisTvis:
 Tavdapirvelad, moswavleebs esaubreT madlierebis Sesaxeb.
sTxoveT, gaixsenon erTi SemTxveva mainc, rodesac sxvisi dax-
marebiT da sxvisi saqcielis/naTqvamis gamo Tavi bednierad
igrZnes;
 dauTmeT ramdenime dRe/gakveTili madlierebaze saubars,
raTa moamzadoT moswavleebi, rom madlierebaze fiqri maTi
yoveldRiuri rutinis nawilad iqces;
 rodesac mixvdebiT, rom moswavleebma saTanadod gaacnobieres
madlierebis arsi, sTxoveT, SearCion saSualo zomis, maTTvis

64
 saintereso formisa da dizainis qila;
 sTxoveT, rom TavianTi interesisa da gemovnebis mixedviT
gaaformon qila da daxufon - gaakeTon yulaba; mniSvnelova-
nia, rom yulaba lamazad, sainteresod, mimzidvelad iyos ga-
formebuli. es xels Seuwyobs moswavleebis mxridan mis mimarT
interesis SenarCunebas;
 SesaZlebelia yulabis Senaxva saklaso oTaxSi (Tu garemo gi-
wyobT xels), survilis SemTxvevaSi ki, bavSvebs SeuZliaT misi
waReba saxlSi;
 sTxoveT moswavleebs, gaaanalizon yoveli dRe. dafiqrdnen,
ra moxda, visTan hqondaT urTierToba, gaiazron konkretuli
movlenebi da TavianTi damokidebulebebi am movlenebisa da
garemos, adamianebis mimarT;
 Semdeg sTxoveT moswavleebs, dafiqrdnen, visgan igrZnes mx-
ardaWera, dadebiTi damokidebuleba, visgan miiRes daxmareba
da patara furcelze mcire komentaris saxiT daweron, vis
mimarT grZnoben madlierebas da ratom;
 moswavleebma es furclebi unda dakecon da moaTavson Tavi-
anT yulabaSi;
 am aqtivobis Sesruleba SeiZleba moswavleebs sTxovoT yovel
dRe an Tundac kviraSi erTxel;
 garkveuli drois Semdeg - semestris an wlis bolos - sTxoveT
moswavleebs, gaxsnan TavianTi yulaba, waikiTxon patara fur-
clebze miwerili madlierebis komentarebi da gaixsenon, ram-
deni sasiamovno da dadebiTi gamocdileba miiRes am drois
ganmavlobaSi.

3.5.3. socio-emociuri swavlis sami xelwera

socio-emociuri swavlis (ses) sami xelweris midgoma gulisx-
mobs specialuri aqtivobebis erTobliobas, romelic uzrunve-
lyofs moswavleTa socio-emociur ganviTarebaze fokusirebas
dRis ganmavlobaSi samjer: dRis dawyebas da dasrulebas special-
urad gansazRvruli aqtivobebiT da SuaSi patar-patara TamaSebis
da aqtivobebis CarTvas.

1. misalmebis rituali (2-10 wuTi)

pirvel xelweras warmoadgens misalmebis rituali da moicavs
moswavleTa CarTulobaze orientirebul aqtivobebs. moswavle-

65
TaTvis qmnis usafrTxo da prognozirebad garemos, xels uwyobs
yvela moswavlis interesis gaTvaliswinebas, uviTarebs pativis-
cemisa da mosmenis kompetenciebs, aZlevs moswavleebs erTmaneT-
Tan xalisiani urTierTobis saSualebas da uCens mikuTvnebulo-
bis gancdas. imisaTvis, rom warmatebas miaRwioT, aqtivobebi unda
SearCioT Zalian frTxilad da scadoT maTi dakavSireba dRis
ganmavlobaSi misaRwev saswavlo amocanebTan.

rCevebi misalmebis ritualisTvis:

 pozitiuri ganwyobiT da saxeliT mimarTva - ar unda gamogvrC-
es arc erTi moswavle;
 SesaZloa, individualurad, moswavlesTan erTad SearCioT
TiToeuli maTganisTvis saintereso individualuri Jesti, ni-
Sani, romliTac mxolod mas miesalmebiT;
 misalmebis rituali unda iyos miznobrivi socialuri inter-
aqcia, da ara mxolod savaldebulo elementi;
 misalmebis ritualma xeli unda Seuwyos, ramdenime wamiT
mainc, mTeli klasis gaerTianebasa da saerTo pozitiuri gan-
wyobis Seqmnas.

2. praqtikuli CarTuloba (1-15 wuTi)

meore xelweras, midgomis meore komponents warmoadgens
dRis/ saqmianobis ganmavlobaSi specialurad gamoyofili dro
yvela moswavlis akademiuri integraciisTvis, mniSvnelobis xa-
zgasmisTvis, `gonebis ganiavebisTvis~, ganwyobis SeqmnisTvis. am
etapisTvis gamogvadgeba iseTi aqtivobebi, savarjiSoebi, rom-
lebic xels Seuwyobs moswavleebis daaxloebas, urTierTobas,
mimReblobas, pativiscemas, romlebic mimarTuli iqneba socio-
emociuri unarebis ganviTarebaze da, amave dros, saSualebas
mogvcems, avTentur situaciebSi, praqtikulad gamoavlinon es
unarebi, erTmaneTTan interaqciisas, an damoukideblad - mSvi-
dad SeZlon dafiqreba, sakuTar TavSi CaRrmaveba, emociebisa Tu
miRebuli informaciis gaanalizeba.

rCevebi praqtikuli CarTulobis misaRwevad:

 mieciT moswavleebs socialuri interaqciis SesaZleblobebi:
imuSaon wyvilebSi, triadebSi, patara jgufebSi an mTelma
klasma erTad;
 mimarTeT socio-emociuri swavlebis eqsplicitur strate-

66
 giebs, gamoiyeneT mtkicebulebebi meti mkafioobisTvis;
 SeuqmeniT moswavleebs situaciebi, sadac urTierTgaziarebisa
da mosmenis saSualebiT, moematebaT Tavdajereba, gauCndebaT
mniSvnelovnebis gancda;
 maT saWiroebebsa da swavlis stilze dayrdnobiT, moswavlee-
bTan erTad SeimuSaveT e.w. `samuSao SeTanxmebebi~ da regu-
larulad adevneT Tvali maT Sesrulebas;
 maTi emociuri mobilizebisTvis, xanmokle SesvenebisTvis, e.w.
`gonebis ganiavebisTvis~ an Zalebis mobilizebisTvis SeiZleba
SesTavzoT fizikuri aqtivoba, varjiSi, cekva an musikis mos-
mena anda garindeba da mSvidad fiqri.

3. optimisturi dasaruli (3-5 wuTi)

mesame, optimisturi dasasrulis xelwera exmareba moswav-
leebs, optimistur notaze daasrulon dRe/saqmianoba, Seafason
miRweuli Sedegebi, dadebiTad Sexedon gaRebul Zalisxmevas,
moiniSnon ideebi momavali saqmianobisTvis, gauCndeT davdajere-
bulobis, mikuTvnebulobis, mniSvnelovnebis gancda.
rCevebi optimisturi dasasrulisTvis:
 sTxoveT moswavleebs, gamoyon, ra iswavles dRes yvelaze
mniSvnelovani;
 sTxoveT, gaixsenon, raSi SeZles, daxmareba gaewiaT sxvisTvis;
 sTxoveT, moifiqron, ras gauziareben dRevandeli saqmianobi-
dan ojaxis wevrebs;
 sTxoveT, moifiqron, risi gakeTeba undaT xval;
 sTxoveT, gamoyon, ra iyo dRes yvelaze sasiamovno;
 sTxoveT, gaixsenon, vin gauwiaT daxmareba dRis ganmavlobaSi
yvelaze metad, visgan igrZnes mxardaWera.

3.5.4. programa 4 R
2013 wels CASEL-is mier programa 4R (Reading, Writing, Respect
and Resolution – kiTxva, wera, pativiscema da gadawyvetileba) miC-
neul iqna socio-emociuri swavlis xelSemwyob erT-erT efeqtur
midgomad, gansakuTrebiT, skolamdeli da dawyebiTi ganaTlebis
safexurebisTvis. literaturis swavlebisa Tu sxvadasxva Semoq-
medebiTi aqtivobis saSualebiT, programa socio-emociuri swav-
lis unarebis ganviTareba-gavarjiSebis saSualebas iZleva ro-
gorc gakveTilze da skolaSi, aseve, saxlSic. realurad, es aris

67
wignierebaze dafuZnebuli meTodologia, romelic moicavs kon-
fliqtebis gadaWris, kulturuli mravalferovnebisa da TanamS-
romlobis Sesaxeb gakveTilebs (Jones, Brown, Aber, 2008).
programa 4R iseTi Temebis Seswavla-damuSavebisTvis, rog-
orebicaa konfliqti, grZnobebi, urTierTobebi da sazogadoeba,
ZiriTad saSualebad iyenebs sabavSvo literaturas. moswavleebi
kiTxuloben, weren, msjeloben da ivarjiSeben sxvadasxva unars,
rac, Tavis mxriv, amravalferovnebs maT socio-emociur qcevebs,
rogoricaa, magaliTad, Tavdajerebuloba da TanamSromloba.
programa moicavs TiToeuli klasis Sesabamis kurikulums,
moswavleTa asakis Sesabamis aqtivobebs, sakiTxav resursebs,
wignebs da maswavlebelTa damxmare gzamkvlevs. ufro konkre-
tulad, TiToeuli klasis mixedviT, 4R kurikulumi Sedgeba 7
komponentisgan da, daaxloebiT, 35 erTsaaTiani gakveTilisgan.
gakveTilebi, Tavis mxriv, warmoadgens literaturisa da socio-
emociuri swavlis tandems, sadac mkafiod keTdeba aqcenti un-
arebis Seswavla-gavarjiSebaze. saklaso aqtivobebSi CarTulia
ufro xangrZlivi da samomavlo saqmianobaze gaTvlili savarji-
Soebi. programa iTvaliswinebs ojaxis wevrebis CarTulobasac
(magaliTad, gamoiyeneba aqtivobis baraTebi, romelTa Sevsebac
bavSvebs SeuZliaT saxlSic, mSoblebTan da ojaxis sxva wevrebTan
erTad).
4R programa ZiriTadad orientirebulia moswavleTa qcevis
gaumjobesebaze Semdegi mimarTulebebiT:
 erT gundad Sekvra
 emociebisa da grZnobebis aRqma-gaazreba
 mosmena
 Tavdajerebuloba
 problemis gadaWra
 mravalferovnebis dafaseba
 TanamSromloba
araerTma kvlevam daadastura 4R programis maRali efeq-
tianoba socio-emociuri kompeteciebis ganviTarebaze (Hanover
Research, 2019). 2003-2006 wlebSi niu iorkis sajaro skolebSi Cat-
arebulma kvlevam aCvena, rom 4R programaSi CarTuli bavSvebi,
sxva bavSvebTan SedarebiT:
 avlendnen nakleb agresias;
 avlendnen nakleb tendencias, gamoexataT mtruli damokideb-
uleba sxvebis mimarT sxvadasxva bundovan situaciaSi;

68
 ufro iSviaTad avlendnen depresiis simptomebs;
 ufro iSviaTad avlendnen yuradRebis deficitisa da hiperaq-
tiurobis simptomebs;
 gamoirCeodnen maRali socialuri kompetenciiT.

praqtikuli nabijebi 4R programis SedgenisTvis:

 upirveles yovlisa, SearCieT erovnuli saswavlo gegmis
moTxovnebisa da moswavleTa saWiroebebis Sesabamisad, mxat-
vruli literatura - sabavSvo wignebi;
 SeadgineT TiToeuli klasisaTvis erT saswavlo welze gaTv-
lili 35 gakveTilis gegma;
 TiToeuli gakveTilis gegma unda moicavdes wignis wakiTxvas
(maswavleblis mier an damoukideblad, an moswavleebis mier
erTmaneTisTvis) da kiTxvis Semdgom aqtivobebs;
 sakiTxavi masala unda moicavdes socio-emociur Sinaarss,
konfliqtur situaciebs, dilemebs da a.S.
 wakiTxvis Semdgomi TiToeuli aqtivoba (wignierebis aqtivobe-
bi) - weriTi, aralingvistur-vizualuri Tu zepirmetyvelebis
- unda efuZnebodes pativiscemisa da problemis gadaWris
ideebs;
 wakiTxvis Semdgomi aqtivobebis dagegmva-SerCevisas, ixelmZR-
vaneleT diferencirebuli swavlebis midgomebiT, raTa yvela
moswavles misceT procesSi CarTvis saSualeba;
 waaxaliseT moswavleebi, mosmenil/wakiTxul Sinaarsze fiqri,
msjeloba da muSaoba gaagrZelon saxlSic, ojaxis wevrebTan;
 SeecadeT, moiZioT damatebiTi mravalferovani masala, raTa
moswavleebs ar darCeT bundovani warmodgena wakiTxul/mos-
menil SinaarsTan Tu dasmul problemasTn dakavSirebiT;
 mieciT moswavleebs saSualeba, avtoris poziciidan Sexedon
literaturul teqstebs da Seqmnan ukve nacnobi teqstebis
alternatiuli versiebi;
 SeecadeT, wlis ganmavlobaSi dagegmili 35 gakveTili ideurad
da Sinaarsobrivad dakavSirebuli iyos, erTi mxriv, erTmaneT-
Tan da ar warmoadgendes 35 damoukidebel erTeuls da, meore
mxriv, Seesabamebodes erovnuli saswavlo gegmis moTxovnebsa
da moswavleTa individualur saWiroebebs.

69
 3.5.5. bilikebi (PATHS)
2013 wels CASEL-is mier kidev erT warmatebul programad
dasaxelebul iqna PATHS - bilikebi, romelic dedanSi warmoadgens
akronims: Promoting Alternative Thinking Strategies - alternatiuli
fiqris strategiebis xelSewyoba. PATHS kurikulumi gaTvlilia
skolamdeli da dawyebiTi ganaTlebis safexuris moswavleebisT-
vis da moicavs rogorc sagakveTilo, aseve, saerTo saskolo da
ojaxur konteqstSi saqmianobas. saswavlo gegma miznad isaxavs
bavSvebSi `emociuri wignierebis, TviTkontrolis, socialuri
kompetenciis, TanatolebTan pozitiuri urTierTobis da inter-
personaluri problemis gadaWris unarebis ganviTarebas (CASEL,
2013); amcirebs agresiasa da sxva qceviT problemebs, xels uwyobs
Zaladobis prevencias, aumjobesebs kritikul azrovnebas da qm-
nis dadebiT saklaso garemos (Greenberg, Kishe, Mihalic, 1998).
PATHS programebis Seswavlam (Psychology of the Schools, 2015)
aCvena, rom programaSi CarTul moswavleebSi TvalsaCino gaxda
emociuri aRqmisa da prosocialuri qcevebis gamovlinebis din-
amikis zrda. garda amisa, programaSi CarTul skolamdeli asa-
kis bavSvebs, TanatolebTan SedarebiT, mSoblebi da aRmzrdelebi
axasiaTebdnen, rogorc umaRlesi emociuri codnisa da unarebis,
aseve, TvalsaCino socialuri kompetenciis mqoned (The Journal of
Primary Prevention, 2007). aseve, PATHS programa miCneulia sauke-
Teso saSualebad:
 problemis gaWrisa da dagegmvis unarebis ganviTarebisTvis;
 frustraciasTan gamklavebis unaris ganviTarebisTvis;
 mexsierebis gavarjiSebisTvis;
 impulsebis kontrolis unaris ganviTarebisTvis.

praqtikuli nabijebi PATHS programis SedgenisTvis:

 SeadgineT grafiki moswavleebTan kviraSi 2-3-jer Sexvedri-
saTvis;
 TiToeuli Sexvedra unda moicavdes, minimum, 20-30 wuTs;
 TiToeuli gakveTilisTvis - SexvedrisTvis, klasis miznebis
Sesabamisad, gawereT detaluri instruqcia - miznebi, gakveTi-
lis winapirobebi, aqtivobebi da socio-emociuri swavlis
samizne cnebebi Tu unarebi;
 yoveli gakveTili daasruleT praqtikuli rekomendaciebiT,
Tu rogor SeiZleba axalnaswavli cnebisa Tu unarebis gamoy-
eneba saklaso oTaxs miRma;

70
 moamzadeT moswavleebisTvis resursebi, samuSao furclebi,
rubrikebi, romelTa gamoyenebasac SeZleben saxlSic, da-
moukideblad Tu ojaxis wevrebis CarTulobiT;
 gaiTvaliswineT, rom TiToeul Sexvedraze moswavleebisTvis
SeTavazebuli aqtivobebi unda Seesabamebodes mTavar amoca-
nas - moswavleebma alternatiuli gzebiT, sxvadasxva perspeq-
tividan SeZlon SeTavazebuli Sinaarsis/Temebis gaazreba;
 samizne aqtivobebi SesaZloa moicavdes kiTxvas, weras, avto-
ris/personaJis da a.S. poziciidan dasabuTebas, dilemebis
ganxilvas, diskusias, ambebis moyolas, rolur Tu sxva tipis
TamaSebs, socialur interaqcias da sxv.

3.5.6. `Ria wre~

`Ria wre~ warmoadgens socio-emociuri swavlis xelSemwyob
warmatebul programas, romelic efuZneba saerTo saskolo mid-
gomas. mis ganxorcielebaSi CarTulia saskolo sazogadoebis
yvela wevri (maswavleblebi, administraciis warmomadgenlebi,
teqnikuri personali, moswavleebis ojaxis wevrebi, Temis warmo-
madgenlebi da a.S.). maTi TanamonawileobiT muSavdeba gegma, Tu
rogor unda izrunon moswavleebSi prosocialuri unarebis gan-
viTarebisTvis skolasa Tu skolis gareT. `Ria wris~ warmatebuli
programebi aerTianebs profesiuli ganviTarebis Teoriul, kv-
leviT da praqtikul rekomendaciebs da eyrdnoba interaqtiul,
gamocdilebiT swavlis principebs.
`Ria wre~ moicavs yvela sagnobriv disciplinas da miznad
isaxavs bulingis prevencias, gamWoli kompetenciebis ganviTare-
basa da moswavlis msoflio moqalaqed Camoyalibebas. fokusire-
buli kvlevebis safuZvelze (https://www.open-circle.org/our-approach/
programming) gamoiyo is ramdenime mTavari `sargebeli~, romelic
`Ria wris~ programebis Sedegad miiRweva:
 exmareba saskolo sazogadoebis warmomadgenlebs saerTo enis
gamonaxvaSi;
 aumjobesebs saskolo klimats;
 exmareba moswavleebs kritikuli azrovnebisa da prosocial-
uri unarebis gamoyenebaSi;
 amcirebs negatiur qcevas, agresias, Zaladobas;
 aumjobesebs rogorc moswavleTa, aseve, maswavlebelTa da
saskolo sazogadoebis sxva zrdasrul wevrTa socio-emociur

71
 unarebs;
 qcevis marTvis proaqtiuli midgomis safuZvelze, uzogavs
dros maswavleblebs moswavleTa akademiuri miznebis miRw-
evisTvis.
`Ria wris~ programebi muSavdeba klasebis mixedviT da moicavs
kviraSi orjer 15 wuTian Sexvedras. moswavleebi sxdebian wreze
da erT skams yovelTvis toveben Tavisufals, rogorc simbolos,
rom maT Soris yovelTvis aris adgili sxva adamianis, Sexed-
ulebisa Tu mosazrebisTvis.
`Ria wris~ Sexvedrebze iqmneba Sinauruli da usafrTxo at-
mosfero moswavleebisTvis, raTa Riad isaubron individualu-
rad maTTvis, klasisTvis, skolisTvis, adgilobrivi TemisTvis
Tu, zogadad, msofliosTvis mniSnelovan da aqtualur sakiTxe-
bze. rogorc wesi, `Ria wris~ Sexvedrebs aqvs Zalian interaqti-
uli xasiaTi, SeiZleba moicvas diskusia, roluri TamaSebi, wignis
kiTxva, axali ambebis gacnoba da sxva aqtivobebi. `Ria wris~ Sex-
vedrebi SeiZleba gamoviyenoT akademiuri miznebisTvis, saswavlo
amocanebis gadasaWreladac.
`Ria wris~ programebis danergviT dainteresebuli skolebi-
sTvis arsebobs mza masalebi (programebi, kurikulumi, satrenin-
go masala, praqtikuli gzamkvlevebi da a.S.) (https://www.open-cir-
cle.org), magram yovelTvis ufro meti sargeblis momtania moqnili
midgomebi, roca skola, sakuTar saWiroebze dayrdnobiT, Tavad
SeimuSavebs programas/samoqmedo gegmas.
kvlevebis Sedegad gamoikveTa (Open Circle Curriculum, 2015) is
ZiriTadi samuSao sakiTxebi, Temebi, faqtorebi, aqcentebi, praq-
tikuli elementebi, romelTa gaTvaliswinebac `Ria wris~ progr-
amebis efeqtianobas gansazRvravs da romlebic SegviZlia TiTo
Sexvedris Temad/miznad moviazroT:
 erTmaneTis ukeT gacnoba, rogorc urTierTobis mudmivad
Tanmdevi komponenti;
 gansxvavebulobis dafaseba;
 saerTo wesebi, romlebic gadaxedvas an Secvlas ar eqvemde-
bareba;
 araverbaluri signalebi da niSnebi;
 simSvide
 mosmena
 grZnobebisa da emociebis gacnobiereba da amocnoba
 sxeulis ena

72
 simSvidis SenarCuneba imedgacruebis drosac
 pozitiuri TviTgamoxatva
 komplimentebis gacema da miReba
 erTmaneTze zrunva, rom yvela iyos CarTuli
 TanamSromloba
 xmamaRla mimarTva
 brazis gamoxatvis strategiebi
 saxifaTo da destruqciuli qcevebis identificireba da ana-
lizi
 Semawuxebeli qcevebis identificireba
 sicelqe
 bulingi
 mimbaZveloba
 diskriminaciis amocnoba
 problemebis identificireba
 problemis dadebiTad gadaWris gzebis Zieba
 gonebrivi ieriSi
 gegmis SemuSaveba
 dabrkolebebis gadalaxva
 xelmZRvaneloba, pozitiuri lideroba
am da sxva sakiTxebTan dakavSirebuli `Ria wris~ Sexvedrebi,
mravalferovan aqtivobebTan erTad, mniSvnelovania, yovelTvis
iTvaliswinebdes erT ucvlel detals - saubris, diskusiis, aq-
tivobis bolos bavSvebma ifiqron imazec, xom ar arsebobs gansx-
vavebuli adamiani, Sexeduleba, mosazreba (anu ris simbolosac
warmoadgens maT wreSi mdgari carieli skami), romelze yuradRe-
bac maT ar gaumaxvilebiaT, magram aqvs arsebobis ufleba da im-
saxurebs pativiscemas.

3.5.7. eqspeditoruli swavla

eqspeditoruli swavla mimarTulia moswavleTa miRwevebze
sami mimarTulebiT: 1. codnisa da unarebis gavarjiSeba; 2. xa-
siaTis formireba; 3. maRali xarisxis samuSao Sedegebze orien-
tireba. samive mimarTuleba xels uwyobs socio-emociur swavlas
da exmareba moswavleebs nebisyofis, empaTiis, pasuxismgeblobisa
da TanamSromlobis kompetenciis ganviTarebaSi. eqspeditoruli
swavla eyrdnoba 10 fundamentur princips (wyaro: El Education):
1. TviTSemecnebaze muSaobis aucilebloba

73
 2. araCveulebrivi ideebis mofiqreba
3. swavlis pasuxismgebloba
4. empaTia da zrunva
5. warmatebisa da marcxis miReba
6. TanamSromloba da konkurentunarianoba
7. mravalferovneba da CarTuloba
8. bunebrivi samyaro
9. ganmartoeba da fiqri, refleqsia
10. momsaxureba da daxmareba
CASEL-is 2015 wlis gzamkvlevSi, sadac ganxilulia socio-
emociuri swavlis efeqturi strategiebi da programebi, eqspedi-
toruli swavla gansakuTrebiT rekomendebulia sabazo da saSua-
lo safexuris moswavleebTan samuSaod. eqspeditoruli swavlis
gansakuTrebiT sasargeblo mxared miiCneva is, rom faravs sak-
laso, saskolo, ojaxsa da TemSi saqmianobas da, erTsa da imave
dros, exmareba moswavleebs rogorc akademiur, ise mis miRma
moazrebuli kompetenciebis ganviTarebaSi. rekomendebulia eqs-
peditoruli swavlis gamoyeneba literaturis, sazogadoebrivi
da sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebebis, maTematikisa da esTetikuri
mecnierebebis sagnebis swavlebisas (El Education).
eqspeditoruli swavlis modeli, moswavleTa xasiaTsa da mo-
tivaciaze yuradRebis gamaxvilebis gziT, xels uwyobs CarTu-
lobaze, nebisyofis gavarjiSebaze, sazogadoebriv aqtiurobaze,
moswavleTa samomavlo warmatebasa da skolasTan mikuTvnebulo-
baze orientirebuli atmosferos Camoyalibebas (Beeslay, 2010).
praqtikuli rCeva eqspeditoruli swavlisTvis:
eqspeditoruli swavlisTvis gamogadgebaT yvela aqtivoba da
socialuri proeqti, romelic moswavleTa mxridan savele saqmi-
anobas iTvaliswinebs.

3.5.8. `sapnis yuTi~

proeqti `sapnis yuTi~ warmoadgens Mikva Challenge-is (aSS)
mier daarsebul sajaro metyvelebis konkurss axalgazrdebisT-
vis, romelTac unda isaubron maTTan an maT TemTan dakavSirebul
problemebsa da aqtualur sakiTxebze. dRes ukve Zalian popu-
laruli proeqtis mravalwlianma analizma TvalsaCino gaxada,
ramdenad grZelvadiani, transformaciuli efeqti aqvs moswav-
leebis mZlavr xmas maT saklaso oTaxebze, skolebsa Tu Temze.

74
proeqti sakmaod popularulia da masSi erTveba araerTi skola
Temis, qalaqis, raionis Tu Statis masStabiT.
proeqtis etapebi:
1. Tavdapirvelad, moswavleebi aanalizeben maTTvis da maTi
TemisTvis aqtualur problemebsa da sakiTxebs, raTa SearCion
Tema, romelzec SeZleben orwuTiani gamosvlis/mimarTvis momza-
debas. maTma orwuTianma mimarTvam unda moicvas, erTi mxriv, maT
mier moZiebuli mtkicebulebebi sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, xolo,
meore mxriv, mouwodos msmenelebs aqtiuri qmedebebisken. am
etapze moswavleebi swavloben informaciis moZiebis, monacemebis
damuSavebis teqnikebs. ecnobian warmatebul gamosvlebs da Ta-
vadac swavloben strategiebs warmatebuli gamosvlebisTvis;
2. moswavleebi gamodian orwuTiani mimarTvebiT. am gamosvle-
biT acnoben TavianT Tanatolebs da Tavadac ecnobian Temsa Tu
maTze gavlenis mqone aqtualur sakiTxebs. monawileoba SeuZlia
nebismieri klasisa da safuxuris moswavles. bunebrivia, am pro-
cesSi yvela etapze aqtiur fasilitacias eweva maswavlebeli. rac
Seexeba moswavleTa gamosvlebis Sefasebasa da SerCevas, saskolo
sazogadoebis garda, masSi CarTulebi arian Temis warmomadgen-
lebic;
3. zogierT skolaSi (am formas skola Tavisi survilis mixed-
viT irCevs) sxvadasxva klasis warmomadgenlebis gamosvlebi
imarTeba ufro gafarToebul formatSi da moswavleebi mimar-
Taven mTel skolas;
4. proeqtis Semdeg safexurze skolis masStabiT SerCeuli
moswavleebi xvdebian da TavianT gamosvlebSi mimarTaven ukve qa-
laqis/Sesabamisi dasaxlebis sxva skolebis warmomadgenel Tana-
tolebs da ase nel-nela farTovdeba maTi msmenelebis audito-
ria.

aRsaniSnavia, rom im maswavleblebs/skolebs, romlebic

gadawyveten proeqtSi monawileobas, winaswari mimarTvis safuZ-
velze, SeuZliaT konsultaciis, damatebiTi mxardaWerisa da
resursebis miReba proeqtis organizatorebis mxridan. SemuSave-
bulia specialuri kurikulumi proeqtisaTvis, sadac gawerilia
detaluri instruqciebi yoveli etapisTvis, Tumca, gamomdinare
iqidan, rom yovelTvis gansxvavebulia moswavleebis, skolebisa
Tu Temis specifika da saWiroebebi, maswavleblebs SeuZliaT, da-
moukideblad gansazRvron mimarTulebebi, daamaton an cvalon

75
proeqtis aqtivobebi.
demokratiuli moqalaqeobisa da socio-emociuri swavlis
Sedegebis analizisaTvis, proeqt `sapnis yuTis~ irgvliv warmoeb-
ulma kvlevam (Andolina, Conklin, 2019) gamoavlina, rom:
 proeqti erTgvar platformas warmoadgens wlis dasawyisSi
saklaso sazogadoebis formirebisTvis, romlis daxmarebiTac
maswavleblebs uadvildebaT mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi aqtiu-
rad da miznobrivad muSaoba socialur da emociur swavlas-
Tan dakavSirebul sakiTxebze;
 moswavleebi swavloben gaazrebas, argumentirebul msjelo-
bas/weras, kvlevas, sajaro metyvelebas, mosmenas;
 moswavleebs uviTardebaT Tavdajerebulobis kompetencia;
 moswavleebi swavloben TemisTvis aqtualuri sakiTxebis ad-
vokatirebas;
 uviTardebaT aqtiur moqalaqeobasa da samoqalaqo CarTulo-
baze orientirebuli unarebi da damokidebulebebi;
 moswavleebi swavloben sazogadoebaSi arsebuli problemebis/
aqtualuri sakiTxebis gaazrebas da maTze pasuxismgeblobis
aRebas.

76
 4. problemis SemoqmedebiTad gadaWra
moqalaqeobrivi ganaTlebisTvis
saxelmZRvanelos am TavSi SemogTavazebT problemaze orien-
tirebuli swavlebis, maT Soris, problemis SemoqmedebiTad gadaW-
ris unarebis gasaviTarebel ramdenime universalur strategias,
romelic qarTul saganmanaTleblo sivrceSi warmoadgens inova-
cias da romelTa gamoyeneba SeuZlia nebismieri sagnisa da safex-
uris maswavlebels, moswavleebSi zogadi ganaTlebis erovnuli
miznebiTa da erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT gansazRvruli moqa-
laqeobrivi kompetenciebis ganviTarebis mizniT.

4.1. problemis SemoqmedebiTad gadaWra

SemoqmedebiTi azrovneba aris movlenaTa axleburad xedvisa
da problemaTa gadaWris originaluri, manamade ararsebuli gzis
povnis unari. SemoqmedebiTi azrovnebis ganmasxvavebel niSnad
iTvleba ideaTa axleburi kavSirebisa da Sexamebebis povna. krea-
tiuloba Sablonuri azrovnebis sapirispiro formaa. misTvis mi-
uRebelia banaluri ideebi da movlenebze arsebuli sayovelTaod
miRebuli Sexedulebebi.
maSasadame, SemoqmedebiTi azrovneba SeiZleba davaxasiaToT,
rogorc divergentuli azrovneba, romelic problemis gadaWri-
sas arastandartuli pasuxebis mignebis SesaZleblobas iZleva. es
aris raimes axali gziT keTeba an danaxva, romelic xasiaTdeba
ideebis simravliT, mravalferovnebiT (moqniloba, sakiTxis sx-
vadasxva kuTxiT danaxva), siaxliT (originalobiT) da gardaqmnis
unariT (Zveli ideebis safuZvelze axlis Seqmna).
SemoqmedebiTi azrovnebis procesis aRsawerad xSirad iyene-
ben termins _ generireba, radgan am dros xdeba gansxvavebuli,
originaluri da arastandartuli SesaZleblobebis Zieba an arse-
buli SesaZleblobebis koreqtireba da srulyofa.
kritikuli azrovneba ki aris mravalmxrivi miznebiT gan-
pirobebuli azrovneba, romlis daxmarebiTac xdeba arsebuli
faqtebis, msjelobaTa da warmodgenebis xelaxali gaazreba.
maSasadame, kritikuli azrovneba aris konvergentuli az-
rovneba, romlis drosac arsebiTia argumentebisa da kontrargu-
mentebis moZieba, mTliani situaciis gaanalizeba da, Sesabamisad,
arsebuli mtkicebulebebis safuZvelze, daskvnis gakeTeba. kri-

77
tikuli azrovnebis procesis aRsawerad iyeneben termins foku-
sireba.
marTalia, SemoqmedebiTi da kritikuli azrovneba aris erT-
maneTisgan gansxvavebuli azrovneba, Tumca urTierTTavsebadi
da, metic, aucilebeli srulyofili azrovnebis procesisTvis.
problemebis warmatebiT gadaWra SesaZlebelia azrovnebis am ori
tipis monacvleobiTa da harmoniuli kombinaciiT.
yovelive zemoT Tqmulidan SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom rogorc
kritikuli, aseve, SemoqmedebiTi azrovneba mniSvnelovania prob-
lemuri situaciebis gadaWrisaTvis. problemebis SemoqmedebiTad
gadaWrisaTvis mniSvnelovania rogorc SesaZleblobebis generi-
reba, anu SemoqmedebiTi azrovneba, aseve, ideaze/ideebze foku-
sireba, anu kritikuli azrovneba. mxolod erT-erTze dayrdnoba
efeqturi ver iqneba - problemis gadasaWrelad mravalferovani
ideebis generireba ar aris sakmarisi. meore mxriv, mxolod az-
rovnebis fokusireba ar iZleva mravalricxovani SesaZleblobe-
bidan saukeTesos SerCevis saSualebas.

4.2. `bisociacia~ - orjer asociacia

problemis SemoqmedebiTad gadaWris unarebis ganviTarebis
xelSemwyobi meTodebis klasifikaciisas, gamoyofen - analogieb-
sa da suraTze dafuZnebul teqnikebs/meTodebs, romlebic moswav-
leebs exmareba, ipovon msgavseba iseT sagnebs, movlenebs, Temebsa
da problemebs Soris, rac Tavidan dafarulia da rasac, erTi
SexedviT, araferi aqvs saerTo erTmaneTTan.
am tipis teqnikebidan gagacnobT `bisociaciis~ meTods,
romelsac xSirad `orjer asociacias~ uwodeben.
cneba `bisociacias~ pirvelad vxvdebiT 1970-ian wlebSi,
filosofosisa da mwerlis artur koezleris SromaSi The Act
of Creation (1964). mogvianebiT, bisociacia yalibdeba rogorc
SemoqmedebiTi unarebis ganviTarebis meTodi, romlis ZiriTa-
di ideaa logikuri kavSirebis povna konceptualurad gansax-
vavebul cnebebs, warmodgenebs, movlenebs, suraTebsa da sxv.
Soris.

meTodis ZiriTadi mizania:

 mentaluri rutinis msxvreva;
 sxvadasxva perspeqtivis ZiebiT, axali ideebis povna;

78
 absoluturad gansxvavebuli da originaluri gadawyvetile-
bebis migneba.
bisociaciis meTodi warmatebiT SegviZlia gamoviyenoT mo-
swavleebSi rigi moqalaqeobrivi kompetenciebis (stereotipebis
daZleva, kritikuli azrovneba, siaxlis mimRebloba, gansxvavebu-
li Sexedulebis pativiscema da sxv.) gasaviTareblad.

ra ZiriTadi gansxvavebaa asociaciasa da bisociacias Soris?

asociaciis dros centrSi dgas amosavali kiTxva, problema,
romlis irgvliv moswavleebi ayalibeben mraval ideas da ro-
melic konteqstSia ZiriTad problemasTan. bisociaciis dros ki
moswavleebi axdenen orjer asociacias: pirvel wreze moswavlee-
bi ayalibeben Temis Sesaxeb azrebsa da ideebs, romlebic amo-
saval sakiTxs/problemas naklebad an, erTi SexedviT, saerTod
ar ukavSirdeba. meore wreze ki moswavleebi cdiloben, ZiriTadi
sakiTxi/problema ukve mopovebul asociaciebTan daakavSiron da
am midgomiT gadaWran problema. amas SegviZlia vuwodoT `or-
magi azrovnebis~ procesi, romlis drosac xdeba ori konteqstis
erTmaneTTan dakavSireba, misadageba, Serwyma, romelTac TiTqos
araferi aqvs erTmaneTTan saerTo.
maSasadame, asociacia, rogorc wesi, rCeba azrovnebis imave
CarCoSi da axasiaTebs garkveuli sworxazovneba, xolo bisocia-
ciis dros moswavle iZulebulia, daamyaros kavSirebi da ipovnos
analogiebi or sruliad gansxvavebul `gonebriv ganzomilebas~,
movlenas, faqts, sagans, problemas Soris. gansxvavebuli ele-
mentebis erTmaneTTan Sexvedras ki moswavleebi mihyavs urTierT-
kavSirebis Rrma, gaazrebul gagebamde.
meTodis efeqtianoba mniSvnelovnad aris damokidebuli im
`gonebrivi ganzomilebebis~ sworad SerCevaze, romelTa Soris
kavSirebi unda damyardes. bisociaciis gamoyeneba naklebad efeq-
turia, Tu Cven ar viciT, daaxloebiT, sad unda veZeboT gamo-
savali/gadawyvetileba. am teqnikis gamoyeneba moiTxovs sakmaod
did dros.

meTodis mimdinareoba
konkretul magaliTze dayrdnobiT, warmogidgenT bisocia-
ciiT muSaobis Tanmimdevrul nabijebs.

sagani - samoqalaqo ganaTleba

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 samizne cneba - iniciativa da mewarmeoba
mkvidri warmodgenebi:
 piradi/sazogadoebrivi saWiroebebis gansazRvra nebismieri
iniciativis safuZvelia;
 mewarme aris adamiani, romelsac aqvs sazogadoebisTvis sa-
sargeblo idea da mzad aris, riski gaswios sakuTari ideis
ganviTarebisTvis;
 mkafio miznebis dasaxva, resursebisa da moqmedebebis dageg-
mva da droSi ganawileba warmatebuli saqmianobis aucilebeli
pirobaa;
 moqmedebebisgan mosalodneli Sedegebis winaswar gansazRvra
gvexmareba gauTvaliswinebeli riskebis SemcirebaSi;
 gadawyvetilebis miRebisas, aucilebelia zneobrivi da sakanon-
mdeblo normebis gaTvaliswineba; Sedegis misaRebad, procesze
dakvirvebaa saWiro.

maswavlebelma, Tematuri matriciT gaTvaliswinebuli samizne

cnebisa da masTan dakavSirebuli mkvidri warmodgenebis Camosaya-
libeblad, erT-erT midgomad SearCia bisociaciis meTodi.

pirveli nabiji - problemis dasma

maswavlebelma moswavleebs gaacno qeisi (SemTxveva), romelSic
problema Camoyalibebulia naTlad da gasagebad:
`samoqalaqo ganaTlebis klubis farglebSi, Tqven gaxseniT
saqvelmoqmedo kafe, romlis ZiriTadi Semosavali mimarTuli
gqondaT Tqveni qalaqis siaxloves mdebare bavSvTa saxlis dasax-
mareblad. kafes didi datvirTviT amuSavebdiT da Tqveni saqvel-
moqmedo saqmianobac, Sesabamisad, warmatebiT mimdinareobda ma-
nam, sanam Tqvens patara qalaqSi ar gaixsna kafeTa qseli, romelic
seriozul konkurencias uwevs Tqvens kafes da klientTa umrav-
lesoba dakargeT~.
moswavleebma, bisociaciis teqnikis gamoyenebiT, unda war-
moadginon kafes gadarCenis idea.

meore nabiji - suraTebis SerCeva

SemTxveviTobis principiT, maswavlebelma unda airCios su-
raTebi, katalogebi, safosto baraTebi, gazeTebidan amonaWrebi
da moaTavsos yuTSi. maswavlebelma unda gaiTvaliswinos, rom
suraTebi pirdapir ar unda ukavSirdebodes amosaval, ZiriTad

80
sakiTxs. rac ufro didia gansxvaveba ZiriTad sakiTxsa da SeTava-
zebul naxatebs, gamosaxulebebs Soris, miT ufro aratipuri,
saintereso da originaluri kombinaciebi yalibdeba. swored es
warmoadgens am meTodis xibls.
jgufi irCevs erT fotos.
am konkretul SemTxvevaSi, moswavleebma SearCies suraTi
- Wreli sahaero buStebi mTis panoramis, laJvardovani cisa da
mzis sxivebis fonze.

mesame nabiji - Tavisufali asociaciebi

maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, kargad daakvirdnen maT
mier arCeul suraTs da dafiqrdnen - ra asociaciebi, azrebi da
mogonebebi mosdiT TavSi.
moswavleebma baraTebze Camoweres yvela is asociacia, ro-
melic suraTze dakvirvebam gamoiwvia: ferebi, Tavisufleba, si-
maRle, zafxuli, Tavgadasavali, bedniereba, tradicia da sxv.

meoTxe nabiji - analogiebis Seqmna

maswavlebeli moswavleebs sTxovs, maT mier dasaxelebuli
asociaciebi daukavSiron qeisSi dasaxelebul ZiriTad problemas.
maswavlebelma unda waaxalisos moswavleebi, raTa ar SeSind-
nen, Tu absurdulad moeCvenebaT maT mier napovni analogiebi.
rac ufro arastandartulia gadawyvetileba, miT meti potencia-
lia masSi Cadebuli.

gTavazobT moswavleebis mier SemCneul ramdenime analogias.

 ferebi - mravalferovneba, yavis didi arCevani, yvela tipis
momxmareblis gemovnebis gaTvaliswineba...
 Tavisufleba - yavis momzadebis axali receptebis Seqmna,
gadaxdis arCevanis SesaZlebloba (naRdi fuliT, baraTiT da
sxv.)...
 zafxuli - SesaZlebloba, gareT moewyos magidebi, sezonuri
SeTavazebebi...
 Tavgadasavali - egzotikuri produqtebi, Tematuri dReebis
mowyoba, momxmareblebisTvis xSirad siurprizebis SeTavaze-
ba...

mexuTe nabiji - Sefaseba da transferi

bolos, maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, Seafason TavianTi

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mignebebi da dafiqrdnen, SesaZlebelia Tu ara maTi realizeba da
rogor?
moswavleebi msjeloben da afaseben, romeli RonisZieba iqne-
ba ufro efeqtiani da ganxorcielebadi, mag. produqciis dife-
rencireba, rogorc sezonurad, aseve, individualurad, momx-
mareblis gemovnebis gaTvaliswinebiT;
iseTi garemos Seqmna, romelic axalgazrdebs urTierTobis
xaliss SesZens da sxv.

meTodis gamoyenebis saSualebiT, moswavleebs uviTardebaT:

gadawyvetilebis miRebis, TanamSromlobis, problemis gaazrebis,
codnis praqtikaSi gamoyenebis, ideebis urTierTgacvlisa da
erTmaneTis mosazrebebis pativiscemis unarebi, rac, sabolood,
ideebis saqmed qcevis unarebis ganviTarebas uwyobs xels.

maSasadame, bisociacia aris meTodi, romelic gacnobierebu-

lad akavSirebs iseT cnebebsa da sagnebs erTmaneTTan, romlebsac
Cveuli rutinuli azrovnebiT araferi aqvT saerTo, es ki kreati-
ulobis ganviTarebis saukeTeso saSualebaa. meTodis gamoyeneba,
garda sagnobrivi kompetenciisa, moswavleebs uviTarebs erovnu-
li saswavlo gegmiT gansazRvrul Semdeg gamWol unarebsa da kom-
petenciebs: kritikuli da SemoqmedebiTi azrovneba; mewarmeoba,
iniciativebis gamovlena, saqmed qceva da pasuxismgebloba.

4.3. momavlis saxelosno

momavlis saxelosno aris TanamSromlobiTi swavlebis meTo-
di. saswavlo procesSi misi gamoyeneba xels uwyobs moswavleebs,
ganTavisufldnen SeboWili azrovnebisgan, maqsimalurad gamoav-
linon sakuTari potenciali, mravalferovani midgomebis gamoy-
enebiT, SeZlon, ipovon problemis gadaWris optimaluri gaza da
aiRon pasuxismgebloba sakuTar gadawyvetilebaze, rac 21-e sau-
kunis moqalaqis mniSvnelovan kompetencias warmoadgens.
momavlis saxelosnos praqtikaSi danergva da ganviTareba
pirvelad scada amerikelma publicistma da momavlis mkvlevarma,
robert iungkma 1960-ian wlebSi. mis ZiriTad mizans warmoadgenda
sazogadoebrivi mdgomareobis gaumjobeseba ekologiur da so-
cialur sferoSi. amis miRweva ki, upirveles yovlisa, moqalaqeTa
uSualo monawileobiT da demokratiis ganviTarebiT surda, ris

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saSualebasac meTodi - momavlis saxelosno iZleoda, radgan aq
yvela aqtori Tanabrad monawileobs problemis gadawyvetis pro-
cesSi da wvlili Seaqvs Sedegis miRwevaSi. aq ar aris ierarqia
da SezRudvebi, visac ra davalebis Sesruleba SeuZlia, imas as-
rulebs. momavlis saxelosnoSi yvela Tanasworia, maswavlebeli
iqneba is, Tu moswavle. `yovel adamianSi Cadebulia bevrad meti,
vidre man icis~ - ase aRwers iungki `momavlis saxelosnos~ mizans.
iungki daeyrdno osbornis mier Seqmnili meTodis - gonebrivi
ieriSis ZiriTad princips. meTodi dayofilia kritikis, fanta-
ziisa da fokusirebis fazebad.

meTodis mimdinareoba
meTodis mimdinareobas warmogidgenT praqtikul magaliTze,
kerZod, rogor imuSava am meTodiT meeqvse klasis damrigebelma
sadamrigeblo saaTis farglebSi.

mizani: moswavleebis mier klasSi arsebuli genderuli kon-

fliqturi situaciebis mogvareba.
problema: klasSi situaciis gaumjobesebis survili gaaCnda
konfliqtSi monawile orive mxares, rogorc gogonebs, aseve,
biWebs, magram moswavleTa survili, samwuxarod, ver gadavida
qmedebaSi da situacia gogonebsa da biWebs Soris sul ufro da
ufro iZabeboda.
damrigeblis iniciativiT, moswavleebma gadawyvites, yvela
erTad dafiqrebuliyo klasSi arsebul mdgomareobaze, gaeanali-
zebinaT igi da CamoeyalibebinaT konfliqtis mogvarebisa da sak-
laso garemos gaumjobesebis SesaZleblobebi.
damrigebelma moswavleebs SesTavaza, situacia daelagebinaT
`momavlis saxelosnos~ meTodis gamoyenebiT.

pirveli nabiji - mosamzadebeli faza

damrigebelma Tavis Tavze aiRo moderatoris funqcia, mo-
swavleebs kidev erTxel Seaxsena Sekrebis mizani, auxsna meTodis
mimdinareoba. Semdeg man moswavleTa relaqsaciisTvis gamoiyena
aqtivoba: mogzauroba fantaziaSi. moswavleebi ocnebaSi ubrunde-
bian gasul wels, ixseneben klasSi momxdar faqts, romelic mar-
to sasiamovno mogonebad darCa maT mexsierebaSi. moswavleebma
gancdili gadmosces Canaxatebis saxiT da warudgines gverdze
mjdomebs.

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 meore nabiji - kritikis faza
kritikis faza maswavlebelma daiwyo baraTebze muSaobis
meTodiT. man auxsna moswavleebs baraTebze muSaobis wesebi -
TiTo baraTze daafiqsiron mxolod erTi idea, kerZod, yvelaze
ufro ra aris maTTvis miuRebeli klasSi arsebuli situaciidan
da ris ganmeorebas ar isurvebdnen momavalSi. TiToeulma mo-
swavlem daafiqsira individualuri naazrevi da gaakra dafaze.
Semdegi aqtivobaa, maswavleblisa da moswavleebis TanamSrom-
lobiT, baraTebis klasificireba kritikul punqtebad. amis Sem-
dgom maswavlebelma moswavleebs dauriga stikerebi da sTxova
- dafiqrebuliyvnen da gaekeTebinaT arCevani, Tu romeli kri-
tikuli punqti miaCndaT yvelaze problemurad da gadaudeblad
gamosasworeblad. moswavleebma SeZles problemebis ranJireba.

ase gamoikveTa Semdegi ZiriTadi problemebi:

 biWebis uxeSi damokidebuleba gogonebisadmi
 gogoebis mxridan biWebze Woraoba
 biWebisa da gogoebis absoluturad gansxvavebuli interesebi
da erTmaneTis interesebis upativcemuloba
 SeuZlebelia gogonebis problemebisa da interesebis Sesaxeb
biWebTan saubari, da piriqiT
 biWebs Tavi gogoebze niWierebi hgoniaT da dagvcinian sibeji-
Tis gamo
 maswavleblebis mxridan klasSi daZabul urTierTobebze
araswori reagireba da konfliqtur situaciebSi naklebi Ca-
reva

mesame nabiji - pozitiuri xedva

maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, maT mier dasaxelebuli
kritikuli punqtebi Camoayalibon pozitiurad. moswavleebma
ranJirebuli problemebi warmoadgines pozitiuri konotaciiT:
 Cven visurvebiT, biWebis damokidebuleba gogonebisadmi yo-
filiyo Tavaziani
 Cven visurvebdiT, gogonebi iyvnen ufro TavSekavebulebi
 gansxvavebuli interesebis miuxedavad, Cven visurvebdiT, mo-
vusminoT erTmaneTs da pativi vceT erTmaneTis Sexedulebebs
 Cven visurvebdiT, klasSi arsebul gaugebrobebze da kon-
fliqtebze yvelas erTad gvesaubra da saerTo ZaliT Segv-
Zleboda gadawyvetilebis miReba

84
 Cven visurvebdiT, rom biWebisTvis sibejiTe misabaZi iyos
 Cven visurvebdiT, rom maswavlebeli metad dainteresdes
klasSi arsebuli realuri problemebiT da sworad Caerios
Cvens konfliqtebSi

meoTxe nabiji - warmosaxvis faza

maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, problemis mogvarebisTvis
mouxmon mravalferovan, fantaziiT savse ideebs da ar ifiqron
imaze, ramdenad ganxorcielebadi da realuria es idea. moswav-
leebma Zalian bevri idea daasaxeles, maT Soris, utopiuri da
araganxorcielebadic. magaliTad, davasaxelebT ramdenimes:

 Cven arasdros araferze vikamaTebT, radgan yvelani yovelT-

vis erT azrze viqnebiT
 xSirad viTamaSebT iseT TamaSebs, romlebic biWebisTvisac
da gogonebisTvisac erTnairad misaRebi iqneba da ufro met
dros gavatarebT erTad
 saklaso gadawyvetilebebis miRebaSi SeTanxmebulad da ufro
aqtiurad CaverTvebiT yvelani
 kargi iqneba jadosnuri joxi, romelic yovelgvar konfliqts
myisierad moagvarebs
 klasis damrigeblis gareSe, Cven TviTon gavuwevT erTmaneTs
damrigeblobas da sxv.

mexuTe nabiji - ganxorcielebis, anu realizebis faza

realisturi Tu utopiuri ideebis Camoyalibebis Semdeg, mas-
wavleblis moderaciiT, jgufma imsjela TiToeul ideaze, imaze,
Tu romels aqvs ganxorcielebis Sansi. msjeloba warimarTa Sem-
degi savaraudo kiTxvebiT:
romeli ideaa realuri, ganxorcielebadi? ra RonisZiebebia
gasatarebeli, Cveni idea realobad rom iqces? konkretulad sad
aris deficiti am problemis gadasaWrelad? rogor aris SesaZle-
beli am deficitis Sevseba? iqneb arsebobs am problemis gadaWris
alternatiuli da ufro realisturi gza? ramdeni dro gvaqvs
calkeuli nabijebis mosagvareblad? da sxv.
Semdeg etapze moswavleebma calke gamoyves ganxorcielebadi
ideebi, ufro daakonkretes, daazustes isini da didi formatis
qaRaldze daitanes.

85
 gTavazobT moswavleTa gadawyvetilebis Sejerebul variants:
 klasSi warmoqmnili yvela ZiriTadi problema gulwrfelad
ganixilon erTmaneTTan da damrigebelma SeiTavsos mxolod
moderatoris funqcia;
 winadadebiT Sevidnen skolis xelmZRvanelobasTan, Camoayal-
ibon mediaciis klubi, sadac isini gawevriandebian da iswav-
lian mediaciisa da konfliqtebis mogvarebis xelovnebas;
 xSirad moawyon eqskursiebi;
 Seqmnan saswavlo jgufebi, sadac Tanaklaselebi erTmaneTs
daexmarebian susti mxareebis daZlevaSi;
 maswavleblebs sTxovon, rom jgufuri samuSaoebis dros
jgufebi daakompleqton Sereulad;
 maswavleblebis winaSe dasvan sakiTxi, rom saklaso
gadawyvetilebebis miRebisas, maqsimalurad gaTvaliswinebu-
li iyos yvela moswavlis azri.

meTodis warmatebiT ganxorcielebisTvis maswavlebels unda

hqondes:
 moderaciis, jgufTan urTierTobis, konfliqtebis preven-
ciisa da mogvarebis, ukukavSiris miRebisa da gacemis gamoc-
dileba;
 Ria urTierToba moswavleebTan, epyrobodes maT pativisce-
miT;
 procesis SemoqmedebiTad warmarTvis unari. unda flobdes
iseT SemoqmedebiT teqnikebs, romlebic aRviZebs fantazias.

daskvnis saxeT, SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom meTodis gamoyeneba:

uzrunvelyofs TanamonawileobiT da Tanasworuflebian swavlas;
moswavleebs exmareba movlenebis sworad SefasebaSi da Semoq-
medebiTi unarebis ganviTarebaSi; uzrunvelyofs moswavleebze
pasuxismgeblobis delegirebas, isini Tavs grZnoben maswavle-
blebis partniorebad da saskolo sazogadoebis sruluflebian
wevrebad.

4.4. ideebis saxelosno

ideebis saxelosno SeiZleba ganvixiloT, rogorc momavalis
saxelosnos modifikacia, romelic efuZneba warmosaxvis gaaqti-
urebas problemis gadaWris procesSi. es moswavleebs exmareba,

86
ganTavisufldenen winaswar Seqmnili stereotipuli Sexedule-
bebisgan da iazrovnon sxvadasxva konteqstisa da perspeqtivis
gaTvaliswinebiT.

meTodis mimdinareoba
meTodis mimdinareobas gTavazobT konkreuli magaliTis
demonstrirebiT.
maswavlebeli moswavleebs ayenebs problemis winaSe - Tqven
cxovrobT multikulturul TemSi. Temis warmomadgenlebma
gTxoves, SeqmnaT moqalaqeTa mSvidobiani Tanacxovrebis ideal-
uri da originaluri modeli - Temi, rogorc meore ojaxi.
moswavleebs maswavlebelma SesTavaza, modelis Sesaqmnelad
gamoeyeebinaT meTodi - ideebis saxelosno.

pirveli nabiji: gamowveva

maswavlebeli moswavleebs usvams sam kiTxvas:
a) rogor Tanacxovroben mglebi sakuTar ojaxSi?
b) rogor Tanaarseboben sxvadasxva saxeobis mcenareebi erT
garemoSi?
g) rogor Tanacxovroben adamianebi sakuTar kulturul gare-
moSi? (erTi konkretuli monokulturuli sazogadoebis magali-
Tze)
d) rogor Tanacxovroben gansxvavebuli kulturis adamianebi
erT garemoSi? (erTi konkretuli multikulturuli sazogadoe-
bis magaliTze)

pasuxis gasacemad, moswavleebma damoukideblad unda moipo-

von informacia dasmuli kiTxvebis irgvliv, risTvisac maswavle-
beli aZlevs garkveul dros.

meore nabiji: ideebis generireba

mas Semdeg, rac moswavleebi gaiRrmaveben codnas, maswavle-
beli ubrundeba sakiTxs, moswavleebi akeTeben prezentaciebs da
uziareben erTmaneTs mopovebul informaciasa da sakuTar ideebs.
maswavlebeli flipCartze/dafaze Camowers moswavleTa pasuxebi-
dan sakvanZo sityvebs.
a) ierarqiis dacviT, erTgulebiT, mtkice ojaxiT, lekvebze
zrunviT, erToblivi nadirobiT, nanadirevis ganawilebiT, erT-
maneTis dacviT da sxv.

87
 b) erTmaneTs uqmnian xelsayrel pirobebs, sxvadasxva yvavili
erTmaneTs uxamebs ferebs, qmnian mravalferovan da lamaz gare-
mos, wmenden haers, isini erTad icaven garemos stiqiisgan da sxv.
g) saubroben erT enaze, aqvT saerTo Cvevebi da tradiciebi,
ufro meti ician erTmaneTis Sesaxeb, aRniSnaven saerTo dResas-
waulebs, erTmaneTTan komfortulad grZnoben Tavs da sxv.
d) cdiloben, iswavlon erTmaneTis ena, interesdebian da iT-
valiswineben erTmaneTis tradiciebsa da adaTebs, ecnobian erT-
maneTis dResaswaulebs da samzareulos, gansxvavebulobis gamo
xandaxan warmoiSveba gaugebroba, zogjer cxovroben Caketilad
da naklebad aqvT erTmaneTTan urTierToba da sxv.

mesame nabiji: sawyisi modelis Seqmna

maswavlebeli moswavleebs hyofs mcire jgufebad. calkeuli
jgufi, wina aqtivobisas dasaxelebul sakvanZo sityvebze dayrd-
nobiT da maTeuli originaluri ideebis kombinirebiT, qmnis mSvi-
dobiani multikulturuli Temis models.
moswavleebma unda ganaviTaron originaluri da azriani idee-
bi, magram mizanSewoniloba, ganxorcielebadoba da finansuri
xelmisawvdomoba am etapze ar unda iyos gaTvaliswinebuli.

gTavazobT erT-erTi jgufis mier Seqmnil idealuri multi-

kulturuli Temis models:
miuxedavad imisa, rom Cvens multikulturul TemSi sx-
vadasxva enaze molaparakeebi, sxvadasxva religiis mimdevrebi da
gansxvavebuli tradiciebis ojaxebi vcxovrobT, TemSi urTier-
Toba warmoudgenlad keTilmezobluri da idealuria: Cveni Te-
mis yvela mcxovrebi srulyofilad saubrobs erTmaneTis enaze,
yvela ojaxi aRniSnavs ara marto sakuTar, aramed erTmaneTis
dResaswaulebs. sofelSi aSenebulia erTi didi, lamazi saxli,
romelSic yvela eTnikur da religiur Tems aqvs Tavisi kuTxe.
am saxlSi imarTeba dResaswaulebi, sadac Temis yvela warmomad-
geneli ikribeba. ojaxebi arasdros ewinaaRmdegebian gansaxave-
buli religiuri da eTnikuri wyvilebis qorwinebas. gvaqvs erTi
didi skola, sadac Cven, saswavlo sagnebTan erTad, erTmaneTis
enebsa da tradiciebs vswavlobT. arasdros mogvdis usiamovneba,
Cxubi, ubralo kamaTic ki. yovelTvis erTad varT WirSi da lxinSi.

88
 meoTxe nabiji: refleqsiis faza - gadawyvetilebebis gaanali-
zeba
jgufebi klasis winaSe waradgenen idealuri Temis sakuTar
koncefcias. klasi ganixilavs TiToeuli jgufis Tvalsazrisebs,
ganxorcielebadobisa da mizanSewonilobis kuTxiT.
warmodgenili koncefciebis sinTeziT, klasi qmnis idealuri
multikulturuli Temis realur models.

gTavazobT klasis mier Seqmnil aseT models:

miuxedavad imisa, rom Cvens multikulturul TemSi sxvadasx-
va enaze molaparakeebi, sxvadasxva religiis mimdevrebi da gansx-
vavebuli tradiciebis ojaxebi vcxovrobT, TemSi urTierToba
keTilmezobluria - Cven pativs vcemT erTmaneTis rwmenasa da
tradiciebs. sofelSi aSenebulia kulturis saxli, romelSic
yvela eTnikur da religiur Tems aqvs Tavisi kuTxe. es Cven sa-
Sualebas gvaZlevs, ukeT gavecnoT erTmaneTis kulturasa da
tradicias. kulturis saxlSi yvela msurvels SeuZlia, usasyid-
lod Seiswavlos saxelmwifo ena. Cvens skolaSi yvela eTnikur
jgufs SeuZlia iswavlos Tavis mSobliur enaze.

4.5. morfologiuri yuTi

Sveicarielma astrofizikosma, fric cvikisma (Fritz Zwicky –
1898-1974) ganaviTara meTodi - morfologiuri yuTi, romelic
problemis gadaWris procesSi CarTul adamianebs exmareba, prob-
lemebis gadaWris gzebi eZion Tavad am problemis SigniT. maSa-
sadame, meTodiT muSaobisas, gadawyvetilebis migneba xdeba ara
axali, inovaciuri da originaluri ideebiT, aramed ukve nacnobi
elementebis sxvadasxva kombinaciiT.
aqedan gamomdinare, meTodis mizania, Semswavlelebma calkeu-
li elementebis sistemuri kombinaciebiT daamuSaon problemebis
gadaWris farTo speqtri da aqedan airCion yvelaze ufro Sesa-
bamisi da xelsayreli.
meTodiT muSaobis ZiriTad princips warmoadgens proble-
mis calkeul komponentebad, e.w. qveproblemebad danawevreba da
TiToeuli komponentisTvis rac SeiZleba meti logikurad Sesa-
Zlo gadaWris gzis monaxva. bolos ki, calkeuli gadawyvetile-
bebis mravalnairi kombinaciebiT, mTliani problemis gadaWris
ramdenime alternatiuli SesaZleblobis miReba.

89
 qvemoT mocemuli cxrili naTlad dagvanaxebs morfologiuri
yuTiT muSaobis ZiriTad principebs.

meTodis mimdinareoba

 problemis gansazRvra:
maswavlebeli axdens problemis formulirebas, romelic
gakveTilze unda gadaiWras da acnobs mas moswavleebs / wers da-
faze. mis qvemoT igi xatavs cxrils/matricas ramdenime rigiTa
da svetiT.

90
 problemis danawevreba erTmaneTisgan damoukidebel parame-
trebad:
maswavlebeli, moswavleebTan erTad, aanalizebs problemas
da mas anawevrebs erTmaneTisagan damoukidebel qveproblemebad.
es calkeuli aspeqtebi unda varirebdes, raTa SesaZleblobebis
saerTo speqtri, romelic dafarulia, xiluli gaxdes. moZiebul
parametrebs moswavleebi daitanen matricis marcxena vertikalur
svetSi. yuradReba unda mivaqcioT, rom parametrebma TavianTi
mniSvnelobebiT ar gadafaron erTmaneTi.

 calkeuli qveproblemebis gadaWris variantebis gansazRvra:

Camoyalibdeba calkeuli qveproblemis gadaWris rac SeiZle-
ba bevri alternatiuli gza da, Sesabamisi parametrebis gaswvriv,
cxrilis horizontalur svetebSi Caiwereba.

 axali kombinaciebis povna:

erTmaneTisgan damoukidebeli parametrebi problemis gadaW-
ris variantebs daukavSirdeba, Seiqmneba problemis gadaWris
saerTo suraTi. cxrilSi isrebiT erTmaneTs daukavSirdeba yvela
SesaZlo kombinacia. es aris meTodis yvelaze ufro Semoqmedebi-
Ti faza, radgan iqmneba axali struqturuli erTeulebi.

 alternatiuli kombinaciebis Sefaseba da gadawyvetulebis

miReba:
SerCeuli alternativebi Sefasdeba - gadamowmdeba Sesabam-
isobis, xelsayrelobis, teqnikuri ganxorcielebadobisa da eko-
nomiurobis gaTvaliswinebiT.

imisaTvis, rom meTodi advilad aRsaqmeli iyos, gTavazobT

erT konkretil magaliTs, Tu rogor gamoiyena maswavleblma
morfologiuri yuTi moswavleebSi qveyanaTmcodneobisa da kul-
turuli mravalferovnebis swavlebis mizniT.

nabiji pirveli - problemis gansazRvra da davalebis wardgena

maswavlebelma moswavleebi daayena problemis winaSe da wa-
rudgina Semdegi davaleba.
davalebis instruqcia: qvemoT CamoTvlili qveynebidan samo-
gzaurod unda airCioT erT-erTi: TurqeTi, iaponia, safrangeTi,
amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi.

91
 Tqvens samuSao furcelSi mocemulia cxrili im ZiriTadi
parametrebiT, romlebic aucileblad unda gaTvaliswinoT mog-
zaurobis dros. calkeuli parametri miusadageT cxrilSi moce-
mul alternatiul variants.
davalebis wardgenis dros daakonkreteT Tqveni arCevani (mag.
Tu gadawyvetT muzeumis monaxulebas, unda imsjeloT, romlis
da ratom) da argumentirebulad daasabuTeT, konkretul qveya-
nasTan da TiToeul parametrTan dakavSirebiT, ratom SearCieT
esa Tu is varianti.
Tqven geZlevaT arCevanis saSualeba - imuSaoT individualu-
rad an wyvilebSi da gaqvT erT kvira prezentaciis mosamzade-
blad.

parametrebi varianti 1 varianti 2 varianti 3 varianti 4

mogzaurobis turistad saswavle- musikalur sportul

mizani blad festivalze RonisZiebaze
dasaswrebad dasaswrebad

ras waviRebdi smokingi an jinsis Sorti da mai- Tavsafari da

Casacmelad koqteilis Sarvali da suri labada an qur-
kaba perangi Tuki da qudi

suveniri, qarTuli yanwi da Zveli Tbili- qarTuli xalx-

romelsac wavi- Rvino fiala sis miniatura uri simRerebis
Rebdi Canaweri

suveniri, kimono kovbois qudi cnobili naxa- xaliCa

romelsac wamo- tis ilustra-
viRebdi cia an albomi

sakvebi (ras dava- yvelis burgeri Tevzeuli qababi

gemovnebdi) asorti

ra RirSesaniS- baRebs muzeumebs atraqcionebs sasaxleebsa da

navobas vnaxavdi Zeglebs

vis Sevxvdebodi iq Cems Tanato- cnobil cnobil msaxo-

mcxovreb lebs sportsmenebs bebs
qarTvelebs

ra dResaswauls Teat- erovnul religiur saskolo an

daveswrebodi ralizebul dResaswauls dResaswauls sauniviversite-
saxalxo ms- to RonisZiebas
vlelobas

92
 morfologiuri yuTi aris universaluri meTodi, romlis gam-
oyeneba SesaZlebelia swavlebis nebismier safexursa da nebismier
saganSi. meTodiT muSaoba moswavleebs uviTarebs rogorc Semoq-
medebiT, aseve, analitikur da kritikul azrovnebas da exmareba
maT problemebis SemoqmedebiTad gadaWraSi.

4.6. SemTxvevis/qeisis analiziTa da dilemebiT swavleba

SemTxvevis analiziTa da dilemebiT swavleba miekuTvneba swav-
lebis im interaqciul meTodTa ricxvs, romlebic moswavleebs
refleqsuri da gadawyvetilebis miRebisken orientirebuli qcev-
isTvis ganawyobs. misi mizania, ganuviTaros moswavleebs analiti-
kuri, SemoqmedebiTi, kritikuli azrovneba da gadawyvetilebis
damoukideblad miRebis unari. isini miekuTvnebian problemaze
dafuZnebuli swavlebis meTodTa ricxvs. aseTi tipis swavlebis
dros moswavleebi, realuri cxovrebiseuli problemebis kvlevis
gziT, iZenen mniSvnelovan gamocdilebas, romelic maT mTeli si-
cocxle gamoadgebaT warmatebis misaRwevad.
praqtikaSi SemTxvevis analizisa da dilemebiT swavlebis sx-
vadasxva varianti Camoyalibda, romelTa ZiriTadi miznebi erT-
maneTisgan gansxvavebulia, magram maT aqvT erTi mTavari da maxa-
siaTebeli niSani – SemTxvevebi da dilemebi moswavleTa realuri,
cxovrebiseuli gamocdilebidan aris aRebuli da maTze muSaoba
saSualebas aZlevT, moaxdinon miRebuli Teoriuli codnis in-
tegrireba realur cxovrebasTan. am dros moswavle saswavlo
procesis aqtiuri monawilea, romelsac Tavad uxdeba wamoWril
problemasTan gamklaveba – igi arkvevs, ra unda icodes prob-
lemis ukeT gasagebad, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, damoukideblad
eZebs saWiro informacias (wignebs, gamokvlevebs, angariSebs, ele-
qtronul informacias) da a.S. amis Semdeg igi, aRWurvili axali
codniT, kvlav ubrundeba problemas, eZebs da poulobs gadaWris
saukeTeso gzas. bolos moswavle afasebs sakuTar da jgufis sxva
wevrTa mier miRebul gadawyvetilebebs da maT qeissa Tu dilema-
Si miRebul gadawyvetilebas adarebs. yovelive es mas efeqtian,
damoukidebel swavlaSi exmareba. SemTxvevis/qeisis analiziTa da
dilemebiT swavla moswavlisTvis ufro saintereso da saxalisoa,
rac zrdis mis Sinagan motivacias da Sesaswavli sagnisadmi inter-
ess.

93
 SemTxvevis analizis interpretiretaciebi

 situaciis/SemTxvevis analizi (Case-Stady) – am variantSi prob-

lema sakmaod vrclad da dawvrilebiT aris aRwerili, aseve,
mocemulia gza, Tu rogor gadaiWra problema. Tumca, konkre-
tulad ra problemasTan gvaqvs saqme, pirdapir ar Cans. is
SefarviT aris naCvenebi situaciaSi. aseTi tipis SemTxvevaze
muSaobis ZiriTadi mizania, moswavlem SeZlos Sefarulad mo-
cemuli problemebis aRmoCena, gaanalizeba, problemis gadaW-
ris gansxvavebuli gzis povna da misi marTebulobis dasab-
uTeba.
 problemuri situaciis/SemTxvevis analizi (Case-Problem) – am
variantSi problema ukve mkafiod aris warmoCenili. muSaobis
ZiriTadi mizania, situaciaSi aRweril problemaze dayrdno-
biT, misi gadaWris alternatiuli gzebis povna, maTi marTebu-
lobis dasabuTeba da gadawyvetilebis miReba.
 problemis gadaWris gzis analizi (Stated-Problem) – es vari-
anti imiT gamoirCeva, rom situaciaSivea mocemuli problemis
gadaWris gzebi. masze muSaobisas, maswavlebeli ZiriTad miznad
isaxavs moswavleTa mxridan situaciaSi mocemuli problemis
gadaWris TiToeuli gzis kritikas, problemis gadaWris sauke-
Teso gzis povnasa da misi marTebulobis dasabuTebas.
 arasrulyofili informaciis Semcveli situaciis/SemTxvevis
analizi (Case-Incident) – gansxvavebiT wina sami variantisgan, sa-
dac SemTxveva srulyofilad aris warmodgenili da moswavle
analizis dros eyrdnoba mxolod im informacias, romelic
situaciaSia aRwerili, aq moswavleTa saqmianoba, umTavresad,
informaciis moZiebisken aris mimarTuli, radgan am varian-
tSi SemTxveva ar Seicavs problemis amosacnobad, gasaanali-
zeblad da gadaWris gzebis saZieblad saWiro srulyofil in-
formacias. am variantze muSaobisas, moswavleebma Tavad unda
amoicnon, ra damatebiTi informaciis moZieba daexmareba maT
amocanis gadaWraSi. aseTi tipis SemTxvevaze muSaoba sakmaod
did dros moiTxovs, Tumca igi praqtikasTan, cxovrebiseul
gamocdilebasTan yvelaze axlos mdgomad ganixileba, radgan
moswavleebs damatebiTi informaciis moZiebis procesSi re-
alurad uxdebaT Sexeba aRniSnul SemTxvevasTan/problemas-
Tan da, amavdroulad, masze muSaoba moswavleebs ayalibebs
damoukidebel Semswavlelebad.

94
 gamoyofen SemTxvevis analiziT muSaobis Semdeg Tanmimdevrul
nabijebs:

pirveli nabiji - moswavleebisTvis SemTxvevis gacnoba

am nabijis mizania, moswavleebi Caswvdnen aRweril situacias
da masSi miRebul gadawyvetilebas.

meore nabiji - muSaoba informaciaze

am etapze moswavleebi aanalizeben situacias da/an moipoveben
damatebiT informacias, problemis ukeT gadaWris mizniT.

mesame nabiji - diskusia jgufSi

moswavleebi SeimuSaveben problemis gadaWris alternatiul
gzebs, msjeloben TiToeuli gzis Zlier, sust mxareebze da im
Sedegebze, rac SeiZleba dadges ama Tu im gadawyvetilebisas. am
dros moswavleebs uviTardebaT divergentuli azrovneba.

meoTxe nabiji - SeTanxmeba jgufis SigniT

jgufSi diskusiis Sedegad, moswavleebi SemoTavazebuli al-
ternativebidan afaseben TiToeuls, Tanxmdebian da irCeven arse-
buli situaciisTvis yvelaze ufro Sesaferiss.

mexuTe nabiji - diskusia mTeli klasis monawileobiT

TiToeuli jgufis warmomadgeneli mTel klass acnobs
jgufebSi miRebul gadawyvetilebas. asabuTebs am gadawyvetilebis
marTebulobas. Semdeg ki imarTeba diskusia mTeli klasis monaw-
ileobiT. am dros jgufebis mier miRebul gadawyvetilebebs
adareben SemTxvevaSi mocemul gadawyvetilebas da SeimuSaveben
rekomendaciebs.
am etapze moswavleebs uviTardebaT refleqsiisa da Sefasebis,
argumentirebulad msjelobis unarebi.

gTavazobT SemTxvevis analiziT warmarTul aqtivobas saganSi

`moqalaqeoba~.

1 saswavlo Tema saskolo garemo / saskolo sazogadoeba

klasi VII klasi

2 cneba socializacia

95
 adamiani aris pirovneba, sakuTari msoflmxedvelo-
biTa (ideebi, Rirebulebebi) da miswrafebebiT; mas
aqvs sakuTari pirovnebis Tavisufali ganviTarebis
ufleba;
mkvidri warmod- ● adamians gaaCnia sxvadasxva (fiziologiuri,
genebi usafrTxoebis, socialuri kontaqtebis da sxva)
moTxovnilebebi, romelTa dakmayofilebis gareSe
3
is ver SeZlebs pirovnul ganviTarebas;
● sxva adamianebTan/socialur jgufebTan/ insti-
tuciebTan urTierToba adamians pirovnul ganviTa-
rebaSi uwyobs xels;
● asertuloba (adamianis unari, Tamamad gamoxatos sa-
kuTari azri sxvisi Seuracxyofis gareSe) xels uwyobs
pirovnebisa da sociumis harmoniul urTierTobas.

mimarTuleba
4 pirovnuli ganviTareba da socializacia

moswavlem unda SeZlos:

skolaSi arsebuli socialuri da infrastruqtu-
Sefasebis indika- ruli problemebis (Cagvra (bulingi), ganaTlebis
torebi uflebis realizacia, usafrTxo skola) identi-
ficireba; sakuTari CarTulobiT maT gadaWraze
zrunva (moq.sab.2,4,5,7,8,9,10,11,12,13;);

ZiriTadi mizani: latenturad/Sefarulad mocemuli

problemebis aRmoCena da gaanalizeba
qvemoT mocemuli situacia gaaanalizon Semdegi
instruqciis mixedviT:
qeisebiT swvla - aRmoaCineT, ra problemasTan gvaqvs saqme
Case-Stady gaaanalizeT situaciaSi miRebuli gadawyvetilebebi
dasaxeT problemis gadaWris alternatiuli gza da
daasabuTeT Tqveni gadawyvetilebis marTebuloba
SeadareT Tqveni gadawyvetileba situaciaSi miRe-
bul gadawyvetilebasTan/ gadawyvetilebebTan

SemTxvevis aRwera:
qalaqis ganapira skolaSi swavloben giorgi da nikolozi.
orive SesaniSnavi moswavlea da, amave dros, skolaSi sakmao av-
toritetiTac sargebloben. giorgis didi survilia, gaxdes kom-
piuteruli teqnologiebis specialisti, nikolozis ki - iuristi.
megobrebi am miznis misaRwevad Zal-Rones ar iSureben.
ori dRis win giorgi Seeswro Cxubs skolis sxvenis asasv-
lelTan -ufrosklaselebi mis paralelur klasels scemdnen. Ta-
vidan daapira CxubSi Careva, magram Semdeg gadaifiqra, miuxedavad
imisa, rom kargad icnobda CxubSi CarTul orive mxares. CaTvala,
rom es misi saqme ar iyo da umal gaerida iqaurobas. es ambavi
96
giorgim nikolozs uambo, romelmac megobari am saqcielisTvis
ar gaamtyuna, radgan masac miaCnia, rom yvelam Tavis saqmes unda
mixedos da sxvis saqmeSi Careva araswori saqcielia.
ori dRis Semdeg megobrebma skolis ezoSi CoCqoli SeniSnes.
maT paralelur klasels ufrosklaselebTan saqmis gasarCevad
ubnis biWebi mouyvania. saqmis garCeva seriozul CxubSi gadaiz-
arda. sastikad nacemi ramdenime ufrosklaseli reanomobiliT
saavadmyofoSi gadaiyvanes.
am arasasiamovno faqts skolis sakmaod bevri moswavle Sees-
wro. skolis administracia da TviTmxilveli moswavleebi Cvenebis
misacemad policiaSi daibares, maT Soris - giorgi da nikolozi.
nikolozma detalurad mouyva samarTaldamcavebs, rac icoda am
konfliqtis Sesaxeb, giorgim ki kvlav dumili amjobina.

VaKE (Values and Knowledge Education, Rirebulebebisa da codnis

ganaTleba) aris swavla-swavlebis meTodi, romelic, sagnobrivi
codnis SeZenasTan erTad, orientirebulia moswavleebSi Rireb-
ulebebis ganviTarebaze.

VaKE-is miznebi:
 Rirebulebebis gaazreba da qcevaSi asaxva - dilemis ganxilvisas,
moswavleebi afaseben gansxvavebul mosazrebebs Rirebulebe-
bze, rac xels uwyobs maT mier Rirebulebebis siRrmiseul
gaazrebas, maTTvis warmmarTvel Rirebulebaze dayrdnobiT,
gadawyvetilebis miRebas da sakiTxze codnis gaRrmavebis Sem-
deg Rirebulebebis gadafasebas.
 miRebuli codnis gamoyeneba - moswavleebs eZlevaT SesaZle-
bloba, gaiazron, ras swavloben da rogor SeuZliaT naswav-
lis gamoyeneba. saswavlo procesis mizani, am SemTxvevaSi, ar
aris mxolod faqtebis damaxsovreba, aramed saswavlo masalis
intensiuri ganxilva da saganTaSorisi codnis ageba.
 problebis gadaWris unarisa da, Sesabamisad, kritikuli az-
rovnebis ganviTareba - moswavleebi problemas sxvadasxva
kuTxiT ganixilaven, swavloben problemas sxvadasxva per-
speqtividan, ixilaven da iazreben problemasTan dakavSire-
bul gansxvavebul mosazrebebs, axdenen sakuTari da sxvaTa
gadawyvetilebebis Sefasebas da msjeloben argumentirebu-
lad.
 damoukidebeli swavlis unaris ganviTareba da moswavleTa

97
 TviTregulirebad Semswavlelebad Camoyalibeba - moswavleebs
saSualeba aqvT, damoukideblad moiZion da moamzadon maT-
Tvis saWiro informacia (magaliTad, aRmoaCinon da CainiSnon
mniSvnelovani faqtebi); sworad dagegmon sakuTari saswavlo
procesi (magaliTad, Seajamon da daskvnebi gamoitanon) da
Seswavlili Teoriuli koncefciebi daakavSiron praqtikasTan
(magaliTad, Teoriuli codna konkretul magaliTebSi gamoiy-
enon).
 TanamSromlobis unaris ganviTareba - usafrTxo da sasia-
movno samuSao garemo moswavleebs uviTarebs maRali pasux-
ismgeblobis grZnobas da maT gundis srulfasovan wevrebad
agrZnobinebs Tavs. moswavleebs uyalibdebaT axali ideebisa
da sakuTari codnis gundSi wardgenis unari, swavloben sxvis
mosmenas, gansxvavebul mosazrebebze SeTanxmebas, konfliqte-
bze msjelobas, sxvebze zrunvas da miRebuli Sedegebis sx-
vebisTvis gaziarebas.

VaKE-iT muSaobis nabijebi

pirveli nabiji - dilemis momzadeba da wardgena

maswavlebeli amzadebs saswavlo miznis Sesabamis dilemas
da warudgens klass. dilemis momzadeba aris meTodiT muSaobis
erT-erTi yvelaze ufro sapasuxismgeblo procesi, radgan, erTi
mxriv, is unda Seesabamebodes saswavlo mizans da, meore mxriv,
dilemaSi unda iyos, minimum, ori Sepirispirebuli Rirebuleba,
an Rirebulebis, sul mcire, ori perspeqtiva, romelic dakavSire-
bulia or gansxvavebul qmedebasTan. aseve, maswavleblis mier Se-
muSavebul dilemaSi informacia srulad ar unda iyos mocemuli,
moswavleebma unda SeiZinon damatebiTi codna da gamocddileba
sakiTxis Sesaxeb, raTa, SeZenil codnze dafuZnebiT, SeZlon Zl-
ieri da dasabuTebuli argumentebis SemuSaveba da moralur Ri-
rebulebebze damyarebuli gadawyvetilebis miReba.

meore nabiji - validuri Rirebulebebis gansazRvra

mas Semdeg, rac maswavlebeli moswavleebs warudgens dilemas,
klass usvams kiTxvas: dilemaSi romeli Rirebulebebi dgas dis-
kusiis centrSi? romeli Rirebulebebi modian erTmaneTTan kon-
fliqtSi?
moswavleebi identificirebas ukeTeben dilemaSi mocemul

98
wamyvan Rirebulebebs, romlebic maswavlebels yovelgvari revi-
ziisa da diskusiis gareSe gadaaqvs dafaze/flipCartze.

mesame nabiji - pirveli gadawyvetilebis miReba/individualuri

refleqsia
maswavlebeli moswavleebs ayenebs arCevanis winaSe - veTanx-
mebi dilemaSi miRebul gadawyvetilebas, ar veTanxmebi, an ver
miviRe gadawyvetileba. am etapze moswavleebi gadawyvetilebas
iReben maTTvis wamyvan Rirebulebebze dafuZnebiT.
maswavlebelma unda gaiTvaliswinos, rom am nabijze moswav-
leebma unda gaakeTon individualuri arCevani.

meoTxe nabiji - poziciis argumentireba

individualuri gadawyvetilebis Semdeg maswavlebeli
klass hyofs sam jgufad, miRebuli gadawyvetilebebis mixed-
viT. TiToeuli jgufi argumentirebulad asabuTebs miRebuli
gadawyvetilebis marTebulobas.

mexuTe nabiji - gamocdilebis gaziareba/jgufuri poziciis

prezentacia
TiToeuli jgufi warmoadgens sakuTari poziciebis/arCevanis
argumentebs.

meeqvse nabiji - saWiro damatebiTi informaciis gansazRvra

TiToeuli jgufis mier Rirebulebebze dafuZnebuli
gadawyvetilebis argumentaciisa da dasabuTebis wardgenis Sem-
deg, maswavleblis fasilitaciiT, moswavleebi im kiTxvebis/
sakiTxebis identificirebas axdenen, romlebic pasuxgaucemeli
darCa. msjeloben im damatebiTi informaciis Sesaxeb, romelic
maT dasWirdebaT miRebuli gadawyvetilebis ganmtkicebisTvis an
SecvlisTvis.

meSvide nabiji - damatebiTi informaciis moZieba

am etapze moswavleebi damoukideblad awarmoeben ukve identi-
ficirebuli deficituri informaciis moZiebas, sakiTxis Sesaxeb
codnisa da gamocdilebis gaRrmavebas, sakuTari argumentebis
gasamyareblad an poziciis Sesacvlelad.

99
 merve nabiji - informaciis gacvla erTmaneTs Soris
mopovebuli informaciis wardgenis Semdeg, moswavleebi
akeTeben TviTrefleqsias, sakmarisia Tu ara moZiebuli infor-
macia saboloo gadawyvetilebis misaRebad? gaeca Tu ara yvela
pasuxgaucemel kiTxvas pasuxi?

mecxre nabiji - meoradi gadawyvetilebis miReba/individual-

uri refleqsia
damatebiT mopovebul informaciaze dayrdnobiT, maswavle-
beli moswavleebs SesaZleblobas aZlevs, gadaafason pirveladi
gadawyvetileba/arCevani.
moswavleebi TviTrefleqsiiT iReben individualur meorad
gadawyvetilebas.

meaTe nabiji - poziciis meoradi argumentireba

klasi jgufdeba meoradad miRebuli gadawyvetilebis mixed-
viT. argumentirebulad asabuTeben axali gadawyvetilebis mar-
Tebulobas da msjeloben, Tu rogor daexmara miRebuli codna am
gadawyvetilebis miRebaSi.

meTerTmete nabiji - gamocdilebis gaziareba da informaciis

sinTezi
prezentaciisas, jgufebi gansakuTrebul aqcents akeTeben
imaze, Tu romeli argumentebi efuZneba miRebul axal codnas.

meTormete nabiji - generalizacia da transferi

am nabijis mizania, moswavleebma ganazogadon sakiTxi farTo
konteqstSi. maswavlebelma, msgavs Temebze diskusiis provocire-
biT, xeli unda Seuwyos moswavleebs, raTa maT SeZlon konkretu-
li situaciidan miRebuli codnisa da gamocdilebis transferi.
SeniSvna: Tu dilemasTan dakavSirebuli kiTxvebi pasuxgauce-
meli darCeba, maSin SesaZlebelia, maswavlebelma moswavleebi kv-
lav daabrunos damatebiTi informaciis moZiebis fazaze, Semdeg
moswavleebma xelaxla gauziaron erTmaneTs mopovebuli infor-
macia da miubrundnen meoradi gadawyvetilebis miRebis fazas.

saswavlo procesSi dilemis gamoyenebis magaliTi:

sagani: moqalaqeoba
samizne cneba: mdgradi ganviTareba
100
 mkvidri warmodgenebi:
 resursebis moxmarebisas, mniSvnelovania sazogadoebis in-
teresebisa da momavlis perspeqtivis gaTvaliswineba;
 lokalur qmedebebs globaluri Sedegebi mosdevs.

dilema 1
erT-erT mTian sofelSi, romelic sakmaod dacilebulia
raionul centrs, infrastruqtura yovelmxriv mouwesrigebelia,
sofels ukve ramdenime welia, ar aqvs eleqtroenergia. uaxloes
dasaxlebul punqtamde, sadac aris maRazia, afTiaqi, ambulato-
ria da sxva sasicocxlod aucilebeli obieqtebi, minimum, erTi
saaTis savalia manqaniT, isic mxolod maRali gamavlobis trans-
portiT. mouwesrigebeli gzis gamo, zamTrobiT sofeli sruliad
izolirebulia. soflis meurneobasac ver moekideba kaci, radgan
sakmaod mkacri bunebrivi pirobebia da ojaxebs TiTo suli saqone-
li Tu hyavT, SimSils rom daaRwion Tavi. miuxedavad gausaZlisi
pirobebisa, xalxi mainc ar tovebs sacxovrebel adgils.
sofelSi moedineba mTis swrafi mdinare da swored amis gamo
mTavrobam gadawyvita, sakmaod mZlavri eleqtrosadguris aSene-
ba, romelic mTels regions moamaragebda eleqtroenergiiT. ele-
qtrosadguri bevr problemas mougvarebs sofels - gaiyvandnen
gzas, eqnebaT mudmivi deni sakmaod SeRavaTian fasad, eleqtrosad-
guris mSeneblobaze dasaqmdebian adgilobrivebi, gaixsneba yvela
sasicocxlod aucilebeli obieqti. magram eleqtrosadguris
asaSeneblad unda aafeTqon ori mTa, romelic ekvris sofels,
mdinare unda gauSvan milebSi da unda gaCexon tyis garkveuli
masivi. soflis mosaxleobis erTi nawili didi sixaruliT Sexvda
mTavrobis gadawyvetilebas, `axla iqneb cotaTi amovisunTqoTo~,
xolo meore nawili kategoriulad winaaRmdegia am mSeneblobis.

sadikusio kiTxvebi:
1. unda aSendes Tu ara eleqtrosadguri?
2. rogor moiqceodiT Tqven mosaxleobis adgilas?
3. SeuSlidiT Tu ara mTavrobas mSeneblobaSi xels?
4. ras moutans mTian regions eleqtrosadguri? daasabuTeT
argumentirebulad.
5. bunebis dazianebis ra riskebi arsebobs? daasabuTeT argu-
mentirebulad.

101
 dilema 2
sadamrigeblo saaTze maswavlebelma mimarTa dilemebiT swav-
lebas, VaKE-ze dafuZnebiT. sadamrigeblo saaTis mizani iyo mo-
swavleebSi cnobierebis amaRleba, Tu ratom aris sxvisi gonebrivi
naSromis miTviseba (plagiati) miuRebeli. amisTvis maswavlebelma
gadawyvita, moswavleebTan Seetana Semdegi dilema:
`giorgim, dedis avadmyofobis gamo, davaleba ver moamzada.
skolaSi misulma dainaxa merxze erT-erTi saukeTeso moswavlis,
ninos rveuli. aiRo daukiTxavad da davaleba misgan gadawera.
giorgis Zalian undoda, maswavleblis dadebiTi SefasebiT, avad-
myofi deda gaexarebina. davalebis wardgenisas, maswavlebelma
moiwona giorgis namuSevari da Seaqo. nino yvelafers mixvda,
magram gaCumeba arCia. saxlSi misulma giorgim deda sakuTari
warmatebiT gaaxara~.

dilemis wardgenis Semdeg maswavlebeli moswavleebs usvams

Semdeg kiTxvebs:
1. ra gziT daimsaxura Seqeba giorgim?
2. rogor fiqrobT, ratom moiqca giorgi ase?
3. riTi axsnidiT ninos saqciels?

102
 5. moqalaqeobriv ganaTlebasTan dakavSirebuli
ZiriTadi saganmanaTleblo koncefciebi
winamdebare TavSi SemoTavazebulia moswavleebSi moqalaqeo-
briv ganaTlebasTan dakavSirebuli ZiriTadi Tanamedrove sagan-
manaTleblo koncefciebi, romlebic, Sesabamisi konceptualuri
CarCoebiTa da maTi danergvis xelSemwyobi saswavlo-pedagogi-
kuri strategiebiT, sxvadasxva perspeqtiviT ukavSirdeba/kveTs
moqalaqeobrivi ganaTlebis Sinaarss da, sabolood, miznad isax-
avs moswavleebSi moqalaqeobrivi kompetenciebis ganviTarebas.
mocemulia kompetenciebis ganviTarebis xelSemwyobi pedagogi-
kuri strategiebi, romlebic warmatebiT gamoiyeneba rogorc
sagakveTilo, ise araformaluri ganaTlebis procesSi.

5.1. globaluri/msoflio moqalaqeoba3

5.1.1. aqtiuri globaluri moqalaqeebi
globaluri moqalaqeobrivi ganaTlebis arsi aris moswavleTa
darwmuneba da waxaliseba, rom maT SeuZliaT dadebiTi cvlile-
bebis ganxorcieleba. es moiTxovs:
 informirebuli arCevanis gakeTebas;
 cvlilebis ganxorcielebis survils;
 cvlilebis ganxorcielebis unars.
ganaTleba globaluri moqalaqeobisTvis ar gulisxmobs mo-
swavleebisTvis imis Tqmas, Tu ra da rogor unda gaakeTon. misi
mizania, waaxalisos moswavleebi, aqtiuri monawileoba miiRon
cvlilebebis procesSi da SeZlon informirebuli arCevanis ga-
keTeba.
moswavleebis mier informirebuli cvlilebis ganxorcielebis
SesaZleblobis safuZvels warmoadgens ukve nacnobi mosazre-
bebis kritikulad Sefaseba, Tavdajerebuloba da aqtiuri komu-
nikaciuri unarebi. aRniSnuli SesaZleblobis gamomuSavebisTvis
rekomendebulia:
 moswavleebma ganixilon socialur Tanasworobasa da bunebriv
da/an sacxovrebel garemosTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi da
imsjelon maTi ukeTesobisaken Secvlis perspeqtivebze, cvli-

3
Global Citizenship in the Classroom – A guide for teachers. oxfam.org.uk/education.
2015
103
 lebis procesSi maT SesaZlo rolze;
 ganixilon adamianis uflebebi da pasuxismgeblobebi ise, rom
gaacnobieron TavianTi uflebebi da erTmaneTisa da sxvebis
winaSe pasuxismgeblobebi.

5.1.2. globaluri saklaso oTaxi

Cveni samyaro globaluria, rasac ganapirobebs misi urTierT-
dakavSirebuli da urTierTdamokidebuli buneba. globaluri mo-
qalaqeobisTvis damaxasiaTebelia Semdegi niSnebi:
 sakuTari Tavis msoflio moqalaqed aRqma;
 mravalferovnebis dafaseba da misdami pativiscema;
 socialuri samarTlianobis ideis erTguleba;
 lokaluri da globaluri sazogadoebis wevroba;
 sxvebTan erTad muSaoba ufro samarTliani da mdgradi
msofliosTvis;
 sakuTar moqmedebebze pasuxismgeblobis aReba.
globaluri moqalaqeobis swavlis procesSi maswavleblis
TviTrefleqsiisTvis mniSvnelovani kiTxvebia:
 ras vTvli ganaTlebis ZiriTad miznad?
 globaluri moqalaqeobis gansxvavebuli ganmartebebis fonze,
rogor mesmis aRniSnuli termini?
 Cemi azriT, ra mniSvnelovan Rirebulebebs, damokidebule-
bebs, codnasa da unarebs unda flobdnen moswavleebi dRes?
 rogor da ramdenad SeiZleba Seicvalon moswavleebma Rireb-
ulebebi, damokidebulebebi, codna da unarebi 20 wlis Semdeg?

globaluri moqalaqeobisTvis ganaTleba ar niSnavs, vukarn-

axoT moswavleebs, Tu ra unda akeTon. is exmareba maT, iswavlon
fiqri da ganiviTaron kritikuli da SemoqmedebiTi azrovneba.
amisTvis, saWiroa, wavaxalisoT moswavleebi:
 aRmoaCinon/gansazRvron konkretuli qmedebis Sedegebi lo-
kalur da ufro masStabur doneebze da dafiqrdnen TavianTi
qmedebis yvela SesaZlo Sedegze;
 gaacnobieron, Tu ra iswavles da rogori gamocdileba SeiZines
konkretuli moqmedebiT/aqtivobiT.

aqtiuri globaluri moqalaqeoba, Tavisi arsiT, aris poli-

tikuri procesi da, amdenad, is moicavs gadawyvetilebis miRebas

104
imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra da rogor unda Seicvalos. Tumca, es procesi
ar gulisxmobs uSualod romelime politikuri organizaciis/
partiis mimdevrobas, radgan aman SesaZloa Seasustos kritikuli
azrovneba - gaxados ra moqmedeba ufro kompromisuli konkret-
uli politikuri Zalis programisa Tu ganxorcielebuli aqtivo-
bebis mimarT.
aucilebelia, vicnobdeT globaluri moqalaqeobisTvis gana-
Tlebis sakvanZo elementebs:
Reflect

codna da gageba unarebi Rirebulebebi da

damokidebulebebi
socialuri samarTlianoba kritikuli da Semoq- TviTmyofadobis Seg-
da Tanasworoba medebiTi azrovneba rZneba da TviTSefaseba
identoba da mraval- TanagrZnoba socialuri samarTliano-
ferovneba bisa da Tanasworobis
erTguleba
globalizacia da urT- TviTSemecneba da adamianisa da misi ufle-
ierTkavSiri refleqsia bebis pativiscema
mdgradi ganviTareba komunikacia mravalferovnebis da-
faseba
mSvidoba da konfliqti TanamSromloba da kon- garemosa da mdgrad gan-
fliqtis mogvareba viTarebaze zrunva
adamianis uflebebi sirTuleebTan da monawileobis valdeb-
gaurkvevlobasTan uleba da inkluzia
gamklaveba
Zalaufleba da mmarTv- codnaze dafuZebuli, rwmena, rom adamians Seu-
eloba gaazrebuli qmedeba Zlia cvlilebis moxdena

globaluri moqalaqeobis Sesaxeb saswavlo procesSi, sa-

survelia, gaviTvaliswinoT Semdegi:

globaluri moqalaqeoba gulisxmobs globaluri moqalaqeoba ar gulisxmobs

kiTxvebis dasmas da kritikul az-
rovnebas
adgilobrivi da globaluri ka-
vSirebis, sakuTari Sexedulebis,
Rirebulebebisa da varaudebis
Seswavlas
moswavleebisTvis imis Tqmas, Tu ro-
gor unda ifiqron da ra gaakeTon
mxolod Soreuli/ucxo adgilebisa da
xalxebis Seswavlas

105
rTuli globaluri sakiTxebis kvl- rTuli/komleqsuri sakiTxebis martiv
evas mravalmxrivi perspeqtiviT gadaWras
globalur da lokalur donee- qvelmoqmedebiT miRebul Semosavlebze
bze socialuri samarTlianobis fokusirebas
sakiTxebis kvlevas/Seswavlas
codnis gamoyenebas realur cxovre- zedapirul swavlebas, romelic ver
basa da gansxvavebul konteqstebSi qmnis realur cxovrebaSi gamoyenebad
codnas
moswavleTa SesaZleblobas, ganaxor- gadawyvetilebebis miRebis procesSi
cielon informirebuli da refle- moswavleTa formalur monawileobas
qsiuri moqmedeba da daafiqsiron
sakuTari mosazrebebi
kurikulumis yvela sferos mxolod calkeul sagnebsa da Temebs
yoveldRiur swavlas da mravalmxriv mxolod konkretul sakiTxebsa da mov-
codnas lenebze fokusirebas
mTel saskolo garemos konkretuli klasiT Semofargvlas

globaluri moqalaqeoba moicavs globaluri urTierTkav-

Sirebis jaWvis kvlevas, minimum, xuTi mimarTulebiT:
a) globaluri sazogadoeba - Cven gvaqvs kavSiri sxva sazoga-
doebebTan, msgavsebebisa da saerTo moTxovnilebebis Tvalsaz-
risiT;
b) globaluri urTierTdamokidebuleba - sxva xalxebTan da
teritoriebTan kavSirebi xorcieldeba vaWrobis, teqnologiebis,
migraciis, politikuri sistemebisa da a.S. saSualebiT;
g) kavSiri problemur da mniSvnelovan sakiTxebs Soris - mag-
aliTad, klimatis cvlileba, siRaribe da sxv.
d) paralelebi - bevr saerTaSoriso problemas aqvs mizez-
Sedegobrivi gavlena uSualod Cvens sacxovrebel/samoqmedo
garemoze. magaliTad, resursebis gaziareba an konfliqti;
e) kavSirebi amJamindel da adrindel codnas, swavlis stilsa
da kurikulumebs Soris.

aqedan gamomdinare, Cveni mizania, davexmaroT moswavleebs,

aRmoaCinon:
 kavSirebi codnis sxvadasxva sferos Soris;
 paralelebi globalur da adgilobriv (maT Soris, saklaso)
sakiTxebs Soris, magaliTad, resursebis gaziareba, gansxvave-
buli mosazrebebis mosmena, konfliqtebi da maTi mogvarebi-

106
 sTvis erToblivi muSaoba, Zalauflebis gadanawileba;
 xalxebs Soris urTierTdamokidebuleba, magaliTad, vaWroba,
teqnologiebi, migracia, politikuri sistemebi an saerTo
garemo;
 Zalauflebis sakiTxi, uTanasworoba da socialuri usamarT-
loba, rogorc lokalur, ise globalur doneebze.

5.1.3. Tvalsazrisebi da Rirebulebebi

garkveuli sakiTxebis interpretirebas individualurad - sa-
kuTari gamocdilebis, Sexedulebebisa da Rirebulebebis mixed-
viT – vaxdenT. es ki niSnavs, rom perspeqtivebis ranJirebisas,
veyrdnobiT CvenTvis Cveul an misaReb praqtikas, rac, xSirad,
xels gviSlis problemis obieqtur gaazrebasa da gacnobierebaSi.
imisTvis, rom problema sxvadasxva rakursiT davinaxoT da ufro
siRrmiseulad SeviswavloT, saWiroa:
 vacnobierebdeT, rom Cveni `codna~ xSirad monoperspeqti-
ulia da ar asaxavs sakiTxis Sesaxeb arsebul gansxvavebul
Tvalsazrisebs;
 gvqondes piradi Rirebulebebi da pasuxismgebloba;
 vafasebdeT da vaRiarebdeT mravalferovnebas;
 SevZloT efeqturi komunikacia da diskusiis dros SevinarCu-
noT gansxvavebuli azris mimarT pativiscema.

formaluri da araformaluri saswavlo garemo xels unda

uwyobdes moswavleTa Sexedulebebisa da Rirebulebebis kritiku-
lad gaazrebasa da efeqturi komunikaciuri unarebis ganviTare-
bas, rac maT saSualebas miscemT, ikamaTon sagnebis, movlenebisa
da sakiTxebis Sesaxeb da moisminon gansxvavebuli Sexedulebebi.
aseve, mniSvnelovania moswavleebSi mravalferovnebis mimarT poz-
itiuri damokidebulebisa da pativiscemis ganviTarebaze zrunva.

5.1.4. swavlisa da gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesSi

monawileoba
globaluri moqalaqeoba moswavleebisgan iTxovs moqni-
lobas, SemoqmedebiTobasa da aqtiurobas. maT unda SeeZloT
gadawyvetilebis miReba, kritikulad azrovneba, efeqturi ko-

107
munikacia da jgufebTan/jgufebSi muSaoba. es codna da unarebi
mniSvnelovania XXI saukunis moqalaqeebisTvis.
zemoxsenebulis ganviTareba SeuZlebelia swavlis aqtiuri
meTodebis gareSe, romlebic mimarTulia keTebiT swavlaze da
sxvebTan TanamSromlobaze. amasTan, arsebobs sxva garemoebebic,
romlebic xels uwyobs swavlisa da gadawyvetilebis miRebis pro-
cesebSi moswavleTa monawileobas:
 skolis cxovreba moswavleebisaTvis qcevis modelis rols as-
rulebs, amitom, moswavleebSi sasurveli Rirebulebebis gan-
viTarebis mizniT, maT TvalnaTliv unda vuCvenoT Sesatyvi-
si da ganmamtkicebeli magaliTebi, mag. Tu gvinda adamianTa
Tanasworobis, samarTliani mopyrobisa da pativiscemis Ri-
rebulebebis ganmtkiceba, unda uzrunvelvyoT, rom saswavlo
procesi da saskolo sazogadoebis wevrebs Soris urTierToba
swored am Rirebulebebis amsaxveli iyos;
 saswavlo procesSi yovelTvis unda viTvaliswinebdeT gaer-
Tianebuli erebis organizaciis bavSvTa uflebebis konvenci-
iT miniWebul uflebas - bavSvs aqvs ufleba, hqondes saku-
Tari azri da moiTxovos misi gaTvaliswineba, miT umetes, im
sakiTxebis Sesaxeb, romlebic gavlenas axdens mis cxovrebaze;
 kvlevebi aCvenebs, rom demokratiuli skolebis moswavleebi
ukeT akontroleben TavianTi swavlis process da swavlisa da
qcevis xarisxic am SemTxvevebSi ukeTesia.4

Tanamedrove gakveTilze maswavlebels xelSemwyobis roli

akisria. misi amocanaa, daexmaros moswavleebs, ipovon mt-
kicebulebebi, awarmoon molaparakeba, miiRon informirebuli
gadawyvetileba, gadaWran problemebi da imuSaon damoukideblad
an sxvebTan erTad. SemoqmedebiT da aqtiur saklaso garemoSi mas-
wavleblis roli mniSvnelovnad Secvlilia, rasac warmoaCens qve-
moT mocemuli sqema:

pasiuri gakveTilis maxasiaTeblebi aqtiuri gakveTilis maxasiaTeblebi

maswavlebelze orientirebuli sak- moswavleze orientirebuli saklaso
laso garemo garemo

4
Inspiring Schools: Impact and Outcomes: Taking up the Challenge of Pupil
Participation,Research Review for Carnegie Trust, 2006.
108
konkretul produqtze orientire-
buli swavleba
maswavlebeli - codnis gadamcemi
sagnis specifikaze fokusireba
Sedegze orientirebuli swavla
maswavlebeli, rogorc moswavlis
codnis organizebis xelSemwyobi
holistur swavlaze fokusireba

aqtiuri, monawilobiTi gakveTili, aseve, cvlis moswavlis

tradiciul rols:

moswavlis tradiciuli roli aqtiuri moswavlis roli

codnis mimRebia
pasuxobs kiTxvebs
mza codnasa da instruqciebs iRebs
konkurencias uwevs sxvebs
sakuTari azris gamoxatvis survili
swavlobs individualurad
codnis SeqmnaSi aqtiurad monaw-
ileobs
svams kiTxvebs
pasuxismgebelia sakuTar swavlaze
TanamSromlobs sxvebTan
sxvisi azris aqtiuri msmenelia
codnis gaziareba da dakavSireba

maswavlebeli da moswavleebi erToblivad da urTierTTanam-

SromlobiT iviTareben gamocdilebas, Tavdajerebulobasa da un-
arebs. am procesis organizebisTvis saWiroa Semdegi garemoebebis
gaTvaliswineba:
 unda vicodeT moswavleTa winare gamocdileba da codna
 ganvsazRvroT swavlis strategiebi da maTi efeqtianoba;
 gaviTvaliswinoT konkretuli klasis SesaZleblobebi da in-
teresebi;
 mudmivad vizrunoT profesiul ganviTarebaze.

swavlisa da gadawyvetilebis procesSi moswavleTa monawile-

obis xelSesawyobad, gTavazobT Semdeg teqnikebs:

a) kiTxvis dasma - sakvanZo Temebi da aqtivobebi:

moswavleebisTvis kiTxvebis dasmis stimulirebisTvis gamoiy-
eneT fotoebi an sxva TvalsaCinoeba. magaliTad, risTvis viyenebT
wyals? rogor movipovebT mas? ratom aris wylis deficiti? ra
Sedegi moaqvs wylis dabinZurebas? moswavleebma unda SeZlon
ganxiluli sakiTxis/problemis sxvadasxva aspeqtis gamokveTa da

109
maT Soris kavSirebis damyareba:
 yvelas aqvs ufleba, isargeblos sufTa wyliT;
 kacobriobas saerTo wyali gvaqvs;
 wyalis mopovebisa da momxmareblisTvis miwodebis cikli aris
globaluri urTierTdamokidebulebis magaliTi;
 gvalva da wyaldidoba - maTi gamomwvevi mizezebi da gavlena
msoflios sxvadasxva qveyanasa Tu teritoriaze. rogor da
ramdenad SeiZleba isini (gvalva da wyaldidoba) ukavSirde-
bodnen planetis saerTo problemebs (mag. globaluri daT-
boba);
 kavSiri wyals, janmrTelobasa da siRaribes Soris.

b) aqtiuri globaluri moqalaqeoba - sakvanZo Temebi da aq-

tivobebi:
 wylis, rogorc sasicocxlod aucilebeli resursis dac-
vis mniSvnelobis gacnobiereba. wylis kontroli saxlsa da
skolaSi;
 ra unda gakeTdes imisTvis, rom wylis gamoyeneba iyos mdgra-
di da yvelasTvis xelmisawvdomi;
 ekologiuri problemebis mogvarebis procesSi politikosebis
CarTva da maTTan erTad im RonisZiebebis ganxilva, rac
daucvel qveynebs met saSualebas miscemT, moergon klimatis
cvlilebas;
 skolisa da sacxovrebeli garemos ekologiuri mdgomareobis
gasaumjobeseblad nabijebis gadadgma - qmediTi RonisZiebebis
dagegmva.

g) saerTo Tvalsazrisebisa da Rirebulebebis aRmoCena -

sakvanZo Temebi da aqtivobebi:
 wylis moxmarebasTan dakavSirebiT, ra ZiriTadi saWiroebebi
aqvT adamianebs?
 wylis moxmarebis kulturuli da religiuri mxareebi/
tradiciebi;
 gansxvavebuli Sexedulebebi wyalze wvdomasa da misi `misa-
kuTrebis~ Sesaxeb (mag. unda gaeziarebina Tu ara uelss Tavisi
wyali inglisisTvis).

110
 5.5. globaluri moqalaqeobis `diadi ideebi~:
saWiro ar aris, maswavlebeli iyos yvela globaluri sakiTx-
is eqsperti, rom moswavleebs aswavlos globaluri moqalaqeoba.
ufro mniSvnelovania, maswavlebels hqondes uwyveti mzaoba sa-
kuTar saklaso praqtikaSi SeeWidos Semdegi `diadi ideebis~ mniS-
vnelobis gaazrebasa da maT realizacias:

1. globalizacia da urTierTdamokidebuleba
Cven vcxovrobT urTierTdamokidebul msoflioSi, sadac erT
adgilze miRebuli gadawyvetilebebi gavlenas axdens planetis
sxvadasxva sivrceSi mcxovreb adamianebze. Tumca globaluri
urTierTdamokidebulebis idea ufro masStaburia - Soreuli,
lokaluri movlenebi moqmedebs msoflios umdidres qveynebzec,
romlebsac, erTi SexedviT, garkveuli ryevebisa da movlenaTa
arasasurveli ganviTarebisgan Tavdacvis meti resursi aqvT.

kiTxvebi refleqsiisTvis:
`Seni sauzme damokidebulia naxevar msoflioze~ (martin lu-
Ter kingi).
 CemTvis da Cemi moswavleebisTvis, ramdenad Seesabameba martin
luTer kingis es gamonaTqvami simarTles?
 ramdenad uwyobs xels Cemi sagani/sagnebi moswavleebs, gaac-
nobieron samyaros erTianoba da gansxvavebuli kulturebis
Tanaarsebobis mniSvneloba?

2. socialuri samarTlianoba da Tanasworoba

globaluri moqalaqeobis qvakuTxedia, rom yvela adamiani
ekuTvnis konkretul rasas, aqvT saerTo adamianuri Rirebule-
bebi da arian Tanabarad Rirebulni. amdenad, adamianebs unda
hqondeT erTnairi uflebebi da maT unda epyrobodnen rogorc
Tanasworebs. aseTi midgoma unda gamoricxavdes konkretuli
kulturuli jgufis upiratesobis aRiarebas. es idea ganmtkice-
buli unda iyos, rogorc swavlis procesiT, saskolo kurikulu-
miT, saganTa SinaarsiT, aseve, skolasa Tu sazogadoebaSi damkvi-
drebuli qcevis/urTierTobis kulturiT.

kiTxvebi refleqsiisTvis:
`Tu neitraluri xarT usamarTlobis mimarT, es niSnavs,
rom dgaxarT mCagvrelis mxares...~ (desmond tutu)

111
 ras vfiqrob desmond tutus gamonaTqvamze? ramdenad obieq-
turad vTvli mas?
 ras vxedav usamarTlos: (a) msoflioSi, (b) Cems sacxovrebel
garemoSi da (g) skolaSi?
 raSi da rogor vxedav skolis rols socialuri usamarTlo-
bis winaaRmdeg?

3. identoba da mravalferovneba
adamianebs aqvT msgavsi sabaziso saWiroebebi, Tumca, arsebobs
maTi gadaWris/dakmayofilebis gansxvavebuli gzebi. gansxvavebebi
aris sqesSi, kulturaSi, erovnebaSi, religiaSi, enaSi, social-
ur da ekonomikur statusSi da a.S. es yvelaferi mniSvnelovania,
rodesac vsaubrobT adamianis identobaze, radgan CamoTvlili
garemoebebi ayalibeben kidec Cvens identobebs. mravalferovan
da swrafad cvalebad samyaroSi adaptaciisa da warmatebisTvis
moswavleebs myari warmodgena unda hqondeT sakuTar identobaze
da afasebdnen mas. amasTan, isini unda iyvenen Ria, dadebiTad Sea-
fason gansxvavebuli identobebi da kulturebi, aseve, amoicnon
da marTon stereotipebi.

kiTxvebi refleqsiisTvis:
`Cven yvelani vcxovrobT im surviliT, rom viyoT bednieri.
Cveni cxovreba aris sruliad gansxvavebulic da amavdroulad
msgavsi~ (ana franki).
 ra aris inkluziuri saklaso garemos maxasiaTeblebi?
 ramdenad ukavSirdeba Cemi saskolo gamocdileba kulturebis/
adamianebis sxvadasxvaobisa da msgavsebis gacnobierebas?

4. mSvidoba da konfliqti
yvela sazogadoebaSi, yvela doneze, dawyebuli skolidan,
dasrulebuli saerTaSoriso konteqstiT, arsebobs interesTa
konfliqti. mSvidobis da konfliqtis sakiTxebi mudmivad aris
dakavSirebuli socialuri samarTlianobis, Tanasworobisa da
uflebebis sakiTxebTan.

kiTxvebi refleqsiisTvis:
`mSvidoba ar niSnavs mxolod sisastikis an omis ararse-
bobas an mis dasrulebas, aramed gulisxmobs yvela im sxva faq-
torsac (diskriminacia, uTanasworoba, Zalmomreoba), romlebic

112
emuqreba mSvidobas~ (Aung San Suu Kyi).
 yvela saxis konfliqti upirobod cudia Tu ara?
 yovelTvis aucilebelia Tu ara nebismieri konfliqtis gadaW-
ra? ratom?
 rogor varTmev Tavs klasSi warmoqmnil konfliqts?

5.1.6. saklaso aqtivobebi/strategiebi globaluri

moqalaqeobis ganviTarebis xelSesawyobad
qvemoT mocemulia TqvenTvis kargad nacnobi ramdenime sakla-
so aqtivoba/strategia, romelic, sxva akademiuri miznebis miR-
wevasTan erTad, warmatebiT SegiZliaT gamoiyenoT globaluri
moqalaqeobis mimarTulebiT muSaobis procesSi:
1. kiTxvis dasma. efeqturi monawileobiTi swavla damokide-
bulia, Tu ramdenad Tavisuflad svamen moswavleebi kiTxvebs,
radgan es pirveli nabijia sxva mniSvnelovani gonebrivi opera-
ciebisTvisac.
gasaTvaliswinebelia Semdegi garemoebebi:
 kiTxvis CamoyalibebiT da dasmiT moswavleebi aqtiurad da
gaazrebulad monawileoben saswavlo procesSi;
 sakvanZo kiTxvebis identificireba xels uwyobs saZiebo
sakiTxis struqturis gagebas;
 kiTxvebis dasmiT moswavleebi iwyeben cvlilebis process. Se-
sabamisad, isini cdiloben, ipovon problemur sakiTxTa Soris
gansxvavebebi da ifiqron maTi gadawyvetis perspeqtivebze.
arsebiTad mniSvnelovania, maswavlebeli daexmaros moswav-
leebs, raTa maT SeZlon im kiTxvebis gansazRvra/Camoyalibeba,
romelic maT daexmareba sakvlevi/Sesaswavli sakiTxis struqtu-
ris gagebaSi. aseve, moswavleebs unda davusvaT kiTxvebi, romli-
Tac dainaxaven miRebuli codnis kavSirs realur cxovrebasTan
da xels Seuwyobs kritikul analizs, miukerZoebel msjelobasa
da argumentirebul Sefasebas.

praqtikuli rCevebi maswavleblebs:

 daexmareT moswavleebs, aRiaron/gaacnobieron, rom nebism-
ieri SekiTxva mniSvnelovani da Rirebulia;
 mxari dauWireT moswavleebs, waaxaliseT, Tamamad gaamxilon
da gamoscadon sakuTari varaudebi. am mizniT, xSirad dausviT
kiTxvebi - ratom? ras gulisxmob? da a.S.

113
 daexmareT moswavleebs, ganasxvaon faqtobrivi kiTxvebi da
kiTxvebi, romlebze pasuxic gulisxmobs sakuTari azris,
Sexedulebis, mrwamsis gamoxatvas. am mxriv, ilustraciebi
da xelovnebis nimuSebi SesaZloa gansakuTrebiT sasargeblo
resursad gamogadgeT.

`ratom-ratom-ratom jaWvi~
es strategia moswavleebs ubiZgebs, ifiqron siRrmiseulad
da gadmoscen sakuTari argumentirebuli mosazrebebi, gaiaz-
ron nebismieri sakiTxis gamomwvevi mizezi/mizezebi. strategia
- `ratom-ratom-ratom jaWvi~ SeiZleba gaxdes fiqris efeqturi
gza, rodesac moswavleebi erTmaneTs daukavSireben lokalur da
globalur problemebs. igi gansakuTrebiT efeqturad gamoiyene-
ba wyvilebSi an mcire jgufebSi muSaobisas, aseve, saerTo sak-
laso diskusiis dros.

strategiis gamoyenebis rekomendaciebi:

a) dawereT raime aqtualuri sakiTxi furclis marcxena kuTxe-
Si moTavsebul CarCoSi. Semdeg sTxoveT moswavleebs, ifiqron mis
gamomwvev yvela pirvelad mizezze. dasaxelebuli mizezebi unda
Camoiweros mezobel CarCoebSi ise, rom Candes maTi kavSiri im
CarCosTan, romelSic miTiTebulia sakvanZo/problemuri sakiTxi.
b) sTxoveT moswavleebs, ifiqron pirveladi mizezebis gamom-
wvev SesaZlo faqtorebze/mizezebze. gaimeoreT procesi imden-
jer, ramdenis saSualebasac mogcemT sakvanZo sakiTxi. yovel
jerze daiwyeT axali CarCos Sevseba wina CarCos marjvniv. aqti-
vobis saboloo Sedegi aris sqemis Seqmna, romelic TvalsaCinod
warmoaCens problemisa da misi gamomwvevi mizezebis kompleqsur-
obas. sTxoveT moswavleebs sakuTari poziciebis mtkicebulebe-
biT gamyareba.
g) daakvirdiT sqemis marjvena mxares ganTavsebul CarCoebs
da hkiTxeT moswavleebs: ramdenad samarTliania is, rac moxda?
ramdenad da rogor SeiZleboda Sedegis Secvla?

114
 ratom? ar aris
ratom? ojaxebs
samsaxuri
ar aqvT Svilebis
ratom? fuls swavlisa da
ugzavnian Tavi- jandacvisTvis ratom? iafia maT
anT ojaxebs saxsrebi mier moweuli
mosavali
ratom? surT
meti fulis
gamomuSaveba ratom? da-
pirispireba
resursebis gamo
sqema N1. „ratom-ratom-ratom jaWvi“

ratom? samoqa-
laqo omia ratom? eTnikuri

115
sakiTxi: ratom ratom? sam- konfliqti
midian did bri- ratom? midian SobloSi omis
taneTSi? ltolvilebad safrTxes gaur-
bian ratom? maTi
samSoblo sxva
qveyanam daipyro
ratom? sxva
qveyanas surs maTi
resursebi
ratom? sjeraT
ratom? maTi az-
ukeTesi ratom? aqvT
riT didi brita-
cxovrebis informacia did
neTi sTavazobs
ukeTes samsax- britaneTSo
urs, jandacvas, mcxovrebi sxva
ganaTlebas da a.S ojaxebis/mego-
brebisagan
 2. roluri TamaSi. roluri TamaSi, romlis socialuri da sa-
ganmanaTleblo efeqti sakmaod maRalia moswavleTa nebismieri
asakobrivi jgufisTvis, SeiZleba mravali formiT ganvaxor-
cieloT. roluri TamaSisTvis aucilebelia saklaso oTaxis ise
organizeba, rom martivad SevZloT jgufuri muSaobis warmarTva.
konkretul istoriebze dafuZnebuli roluri TamaSi erT-
gvari saSualebaa, romliTac moswavleebi samyaros sxvisi TvaliT
xedaven. qvemoT mocemulia roluri TamaSis ori SesaZlo varianti:

a) `yinvis CarCo da azrovnebaze dakvirveba~ - moswavleebi us-

menen moTxrobis nawils da moqmedeben ganviTarebuli siuJetis
mixedviT. isini garkveul momentebSi `yinaven~ moqmedebas da ga-
nixilaven sakuTar SegrZnebebs. Semdeg moswavleebi msjeloben
siuJetis SesaZlo ganviTarebaze. maT SeuZliaT, gaiTamaSon Ta-
vianTi varaudebi da Seusatyvison isini moTxrobis realur siu-
Jets. es midgoma gansakuTrebiT efeqturia, rodesac vecnobiT
realur istoriebs da, aseve, Tanamedrove procesebs.

b) `cxeli skami~ - xels gviwyobs, moswavleebs ganvuviTaroT

kiTxvis dasmis, Rirebulebebis aRmoCenisa da problemuri sakiTxebis
mimarT sakuTari Sexedulebebis Camoyalibebis unari. kerZod, mo-
swavleebi pasuxoben im SekiTxvebs, romlebic maTTvis ufro mis-
aRebia mosmenili istoriis gaTvaliswinebiT. Semdeg erTi moswavle
jdeba `cxel skamze~ da ganasaxierebs mosmenili istoriis personaJs,
sxvebi rig-rigobiT usvamen kiTxvebs, moswavle istoriis/moTxrobis
personaJis ampluaSi pasuxs scems kiTxvebs.
roluri TamaSi moswavles saSualebas aZlevs, moirgos gansx-
vavebuli adamianebis roli da gaacnobieros maTi Rirebulebebi,
movlenebi Seafasos sxvisi TvalTaxedviTa da perspeqtiviT.

3. mediawigniereba globaluri moqalaqeobisTvis. es aris mid-

goma, romlis mizania, internet da sxva mediasaSualebebis gamoy-
enebiT, moswavleebma kritikulad ganixilon informacia, gaiT-
valiswinon, rom is xSirad gamoxatavs mxolod erT/calmxriv
Tvalsazriss an RirebulebaTa nakrebs. moswavleTa moqalaqeo-
brivi kompetencia ki movlenaTa sxvadasxva perspeqtiviT aRqmas
gulisxmobs. gasaTvaliswinebelia is, rom Tanamedrove samyaroSi,
e.w. internetis epoqaSi, informaciis gavrceleba da masze wvdoma
ukiduresad gaadvilda, ramac gaaCina axali gamowvevebi saganmana-
Tleblo sferoSi.
116
 magaliTad, internetinformaciaze muSaobis procesSi, mo-
swavleebisTvis SegiZliaT SeadginoT martivi Sabloni, romelsac
isini gamoiyeneben vebgverdze muSaobisas, an SegiZliaT sTxovoT
ufrosi asakis moswavleebs, moifiqron kiTxvebi, romliTac isini
ixelmZRvaneleben vebgverdebze ganTavsebuli informaciis Sesa-
faseblad. savaraudo kiTxvebia:
 vin marTavs vebgverds?
 ra aris misi mizani?
 ra STabeWdilebas gviqmnis vebgverdi mis Semqmnelze? ras
emyareba Seni STabeWdileba?
 ra aris vebgverdis ZiriTadi saTqmeli?
 ganxilulia Tu ara vebgverdze bevri gansxvavebuli faqti da
Sexeduleba?
 ra emocias grZnob vebgverdis mimarT? ratom?
 vin awvdis vebgverds informacias?

4. momavlis ideali. es strategia damatebiT stimuls uqmnis

moswavleebs, gamoTqvan ideebi da momavlis mimarT negatiuri da/
an pozitiuri molodinebi. misi gamoyeneba SeiZleba warmosaxviTi
momavlis gamosakvlevad personalur, lokalur da globalur do-
neebze (imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom es perspeqtivebi urTierTdakav-
Sirebulia). strategia `momavlis ideali~, aseve, SeiZleba gamoviy-
enoT specifikuri sakiTxebis Sesaswavlad an maTze dasakvirveblad,
mag. biosawvavis gamoyeneba, globaluri uTanasworoba da a.S.
aRniSnuli aqtivoba Sesaferisia moswavleTa nebismieri asa-
kobrivi jgufisTvis. rogor ganvaxorcieloT es? - moswavleebi
avleben drois xazs warsulidan dRevandelobisken. drois xaz-
ze isini aRniSnaven im movlenebs, rac SeiZleba moxdes sakiTxis
gadaWris/problemis ganviTarebis procesSi. moswavleebma Tavian-
Ti molodinebi SeiZleba gamosaxon sxvadasxva gziT: sityvierad,
fotoebiT, naxatiT.

sqema N2. drois xazi

sasurveli
momavali

mimdinare awmyo
tendenciebi
savaraudo
momavali

117
 sakiTxis ganxilvisas, imsjeleT Semdeg kiTxvebze:
 CamoTvlilTagan, romeli cvlilebaa yvelaze mosalodneli?
 Sen rogor momavals isurvebdi?
 kidev vis aqvs momavlis aseTi xedva?
 risi Secvlaa saWiro, rom sasurveli momavali iqces realo-
bad? ra wvlilis Setana SegviZlia sasurveli momavlis Sesaqm-
nelad?

5.2. adamianis uflebebi5

5.2.1. moqalaqeoba da adamianis uflebebi
moqalaqeobrivi ganaTlebis prioritets warmoadgens de-
mokratiuli uflebebi da pasuxismgeblobebi, iseve, rogorc,
sazogadoebis samoqalaqo, politikur, socialur, ekonomikur,
samarTlebriv da kulturul procesebSi aqtiuri monawileo-
ba. moqalaqeobis swavlisas, yuradReba maxvildeba maszed, rom
moswavleebi unda icnobdnen adamianis uflebebs da, saskolo
cxovrebaSi miRebuli gamocdilebiT, Tavdajerebulad sarge-
blobdnen aRniSnuli uflebebiT.
demokratiisa da adamianis uflebaTa dacvis mizniT, moswav-
leebma saWiroa iswavlon, Tu rogor miiRon monawileoba sazoga-
doebaSi mimdinare procesebSi da rogor isargeblon maTTvis
miniWebuli uflebebiT: `demokratiuli Rirebulebebi da Cvevebi
mudmivi swavlis process gulisxmobs, raTa maTi saSualebiT Ses-
aZlebeli iyos yoveli axali Taobis winaSe mdgar gamowvevebTan
gamklaveba. sazogadoebis srulfasovan da aqtiur wevrad Camo-
yalibebisaTvis moqalaqeebs unda mieceT SesaZlebloba, erTad
iRvawon saerTo keTildReobis misaRwevad; pativi scen yvela
xmas, maT Soris, yvelaze gansxvavebulsac ki; monawileoba miiRon
formalur politikur procesebSi; demokratiasa da adamianis
uflebebis dacvasTan dakavSirebuli Cvevebi da Rirebulebebi
danergon sakuTar yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi da gamoiyenon yovel-
dRiur saqmianobaSi...~ (Educating for democracy, 2010).
demokratiisa da adamianis uflebebis swavla gulisxmobs
codnis axali formebis SeZenasa da swavlis axali meTodebis
gamomuSavebas. maswavlebelze, saxelmZRvanelosa da codnaze
orientirebuloba unda Canacvldes unarebis ganviTarebaze ori-
5
Human Rights Practical activities for primary and secondary schools United Nations
New York and Geneva, 2004.
118
entirebuli midgomiT, sadac upiratesoba eniWeba saswavlo pro-
cesSi moswavlis CarTulobas.
skolas, rogorc mikrosazogadoebas, SeuZlia daexmaros mo-
swavleebs, raTa maT adreuli asakidan SeiTvison da saTanadod
daafason demokratiisa da adamianis uflebebis Semdegi ganzo-
milebebi:
 azris gamoxatvis Tavisufleba warmoadgens demokratiul
procesebSi monawileobis aucilebel pirobas da ZiriTad
samoqalaqo da politikur uflebas. demokratiuli moqalaqe-
obisa da adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb swavlis procesSi mo-
swavleebi iZenen codnas azris Tavisuflebis Sesaxeb, afaseben
am uflebas da ician, rogor aris igi daculi konstituciiT.
es warmoadgens swavlis SemecnebiT ganzomilebas (codna, cne-
bebi da gageba);
 moswavleebi swavloben, rogor gamoiyenon ZiriTadi uflebebi.
esmiT, rom uflebebiT aqtiurad sargebloba umniSvnelovane-
sia demokratiul sazogadoebaSi CarTulobisTvis; xdeba mo-
swavleebis waxaliseba, Camoayalibon da gamoTqvan TavianTi
mosazrebebi sxvadasxva gziT, maT Soris, sajaro gamosvlebis
saSualebiT (unarebze dafuZnebuli swavlis ganzomileba);
 azris gamoxatvis TavisuflebiT sargeblobisas, moswavleebs
sWirdebaT mxneoba, raTa sakuTari mosazreba gamoxaton ma-
Sinac ki, roca umravlesobas sawinaaRmdego Sexeduleba aqvs.
isini pativiscemis suliskveTebiT ismenen sxvaTa mosazrebebs.
gansxvavebuli Sexedulebis gamo uTanxmoebisa da dapirisp-
irebis moTokviT, SesaZlebelia konfliqtebis araZaladobri-
vi mogvareba (gagebis, damokidebulebebsa da Rirebulebebze
dafuZnebuli ganzomileba).

am sami, urTierTSemavsebeli ganzomilebiT (codna, konce-

fciebi da gageba; unarebi; damokidebulebebi da Rirebulebebi)
swavla unda daexmaros moswavleebs iseT moqalaqeebad Camoyali-
bebaSi, romelbmac/romlebsac:
 ician adamianis uflebebi da maTi dacvisa da gamoxatvis piro-
bebi (rac xorcieldeba demokratiisa da adamianis uflebebis
dacvis swavlis `Sesaxeb~ saSualebiT);
 aqvT skolaSi. rogorc mikrosazogadoebaSi yofnis gamocdile-
ba, sadac daculia moswavleTa Tavisufleba da Tanasworoba;
ician, rogor daicvan sakuTari uflebebi (rac xorcieldeba

119
 demokratiisa da adamianis uflebebis dacvis `safuZvelze~
swavliT);
 gaaCniaT kompetencia/unari da Tavdajerebuloba, raTa da-
icvan sakuTari uflebebi da pasuxismgeblobiT ekidebodnen
sxva adamianebs (rac xorcieldeba demokratiisa da adamianis
uflebebis dacvis `mizniT~ swavlis saSualebiT).

moqalaqeobisa da adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb swavlis Semec-

nebiTi ganzomileba gulisxmobs codnas, rom yvela adamians Seu-
Zlia, isargeblos azris gamoxatvis TavisuflebiT, aseve, SeuZlia
miiRos informacia nebismieri mediasaSualebiT (adamianis ufle-
baTa evropuli konvencia, muxli 10).
moqalaqeobisa da adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb swavlis monaw-
ileobiTi ganzomileba gulisxmobs, moswavleebma iswavlon, Tu
rogor gamoiyenon miniWebuli uflebebi da Tavisuflebebi (ufle-
ba informaciis xelmisawvdomobaze, azrovnebisa da gamoxatvis
Tavisufleba da a.S.). maT, aseve, unda hqondeT sxvebTan urT-
ierTobis sakuTari gamocdileba (TavianTi interesebis gamoxatva
an SeTanxmeba imis Taobaze, Tu rogor ganimarteba `sayovelTao
keTildReoba~ da a.S.). maT unda SeeZloT SeTanxmebebis farg-
lebSi moqmedeba da dawesebuli SezRudvebis dacva. moswavleebi
pasuxismgeblobiT unda ekidebodnen sxvaTa da mTlianad sazoga-
doebis keTildReobas. am principebze aRzrdilma moswavleebma
ician, rogor gaxdnen demokratiuli sazogadoebis wevrebi.
moqalaqeobisa da adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb swavlis kul-
turuli ganzomileba adamians saSualebas aZlevs, monawileoba
miiRos demokratiul procesebSi.
mkvlevrebi gamoyofens `demokratiuli moqalaqeobisa da ada-
mianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb~ swavlis cxra cnebas (Educating for democ-
racy, 2010), romelic ukavSirdeba moswavleebis mier mikrosazoga-
doebaSi miRebul gamocdilebas:
 individualoba - Tavisufleba adamians aZlevs sakuTari
pirovnebis ganviTarebis uflebas, maT Soris, cxovrebis ZiriTa-
di aspeqtebis arCevanis Tavisuflebas (Rirebulebebi, partnio-
ri, profesia da sxv.).
 mravalferovneba da pluralizmi - moswavleebma unda iswav-
lon, Tu rogor miiRon mravalferovneba da pluralizmi.
 pasuxismgebloba - adamianis uflebebze dafuZnebuli sazogadoe-
bis mdgradoba damokidebulia moqalaqeebis mzadyofnaze, aiRon
pasuxismgebloba TavianT qmedebebsa da sxvaTa saWiroebebze.
120
 konfliqti - moswavleebma unda iswavlon, rom proceduruli
wesebis farglebSi, romelsac zurgs umagrebs urTierTpativ-
iscemis politikuri kultura, dasaSvebia uTanxmoebebi, kamaTi.
Tumca, diskusiebisa da molaparakebebis dros, yoveli mxare
mzad unda iyos daTmobaze wasasvlelad. moqalaqeobisaTvis sa-
sicocxlod aucilebel faqtors warmoadgens urTierTpativ-
iscemaze damyarebuli, konfliqtebis araZaladobrivi gzebiT
mogvarebis kultura.
 wesebi da kanoni - moswavleebs unda esmodeT da acnobierebdnen
adamianis uflebebis dacvasa da SezRudvas Soris arsebul
mimarTebas. am mimarTebis ararsebobis SemTxvevaSi, Tavisu-
fleba anarqiad gadaiqceva, xolo anarqia, Tavis mxriv, Za-
ladobis gabatonebis safuZvels warmoadgens. moswavleebs,
aseve, SeuZliaT, monawileoba miiRon skolaSi moqmedi im we-
sebis/kanonebis reformirebaSi, romlebic ar efuZneba adamia-
nis uflebebs.
 mmarTveloba da politika - skolis demokratiuli mmarTv-
eloba moswavleebs aZlevs SesaZleblobas, iswavlon, Tu rogor
moaxdinon zemoqmedeba gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesze da
miiRon masSi monawileoba.
 Tanasworoba da Tavisufleba - samarTlianobis ori ZiriTadi
principi, romelsac adamianis Rirseba eyrdnoba, aris Tanas-
woroba (diskriminaciis dauSvebloba) da Tavisufleba (ro-
melic miiRweva moqalaqeebis mier samoqalaqo da politikuri
uflebebiT sargeblobisas). moswavleebs sWirdebaT iseTi
kompetenciebis ganviTareba, romlebic xels Seuwyobs azris
gamoxatvis Tavisuflebasa da Tanabar SesaZleblobebs Soris
wonasworobis dacvas. moswavleebma unda iswavlon, Tu rogor
isargeblon maTTvis miniWebuli TavisuflebiT (azris, gamox-
atvisa da informaciis xelmisawvdomobis Tavisufleba), rogor
aRkveTon da ar dauSvan diskriminaciis nebismieri gamovlineba.
 media - medias Seucvleli funqcia akisria adamianis uflebe-
biT sargeblobis, informaciis gacvlisa da xelmisawvdomobis,
politikur procesebSi monawileobis, mTavrobis saqmianobaze
kontrolis uflebebis TvalsazrisiT. media did rols asru-
lebs saskolo sazogadoebaSic. moqalaqeobisa da adamianis
uflebaTa swavlisas, mediasTan da mediaresursebze muSaobis
kompetencia mniSvnelovan funqcias asrulebs procesebSi mo-
swavleTa aqtiuri monawileobis TvalsazrisiT.

121
 5.2.2. moswavleebisTvis adamianis uflebaTa koncefciebis
nabij-nabij gacnobis strategia

doneebi miznebi ZiriTadi praqtika adamianis adamianis ufle-

koncefciebi uflebaTa baTa stand-
specifi- artebi,
kuri prob- sistemebi da
lemebi instrumentebi
skol- sakuTari  me  movaleoba  rasizmi  saklaso we-
amdeli Tavis  sazoga-  samar-  seqsizmi sebi
safexuri pativis- doeba Tlianoba  us-  ojaxuri
da I-II cema  piradi  TviTgamox- amarT- cxovreba
klasebi mSo- pasux- atva/mosmena loba  sazogadoe-
(asaki 3-7 blebis, ismge-  TanamSrom-  ada- bis/Temis
weli) maswavle- bloba loba/gazi- mianis standartebi
blebis areba tkena  adamianis
da sxvaTa  jgufuri (Seg- uflebaTa
pativis- muSaoba rZne- sayovelTao
cema  individual- bebisa deklaracia
uri muSaoba da  bavSvTa
 mizezisa fizi- uflebebis
da Sedegis kuri konvencia
gageba gancdis
 TanagrZnoba do-
 demokratia neebi)
 konfliqtis
mogvareba
III-VI social-  piradi  mraval-  dis-  adamianis
klasebi uri pa- uflebebi ferovnebis krimi- uflebebis
(asaki suxismge-  jgufis Sefaseba nacia/ istoria
- 8-11 bloba uflebebi  samar- crurw-  adgilobrivi,
weli) moqa-  Tavisu- Tlianoba mena erovnuli
laqeoba fleba  faqtisa da  siRa- iuridiuli
sur-  Tanas- mosazrebis ribe/ sistemebi
vilebi, woroba garCeva SimSili  adamianis
saWiroe-  samar-  skolisTvis  us- uflebebis
bebi da Tlianoba an sazoga- amarT- adgilobrivi
uflebebi  wesebi da doebisTvis loba da erovnuli
kanonebi momsax-  eTno- istoria
 mTavro- urebis gaw- cen-  iunesko,
ba/mmarT- eva trizmi iunisefi
velobis  samoqalaqo  egocen-  arasamTav-
forma monawileoba trizmi robo orga-
 us-  pasi- nizaciebi
afrTxoe- uroba
ba

122
sabazo adamianis  saerTa-  sxvisi Tval-  ugule-  gaerTianeb-
safexuri ufle- Soriso sazrisebis belyo- uli erebis
(asaki bebis samar- da Sexed- fa konvencia
- 12-14 specifi- Tali ulebebis  apaTia  rasizmis aR-
weli) kis  msoflio gageba  cinizmi mofxvra
codna mSvidoba  mtkiceb-  poli-  seqsizmis aR-
 msoflio ulebebis tikuri mofxvra
ganviTa- citireba repre-  ltolvilebi-
reba  ideebis mx- siebi sgaeros umaR-
 msoflio ardaWera  kolo- lesikomisari
politi-  kvlevis Cat- nial-  adamianis
kuri eko- areba / izmi/ uflebebis
nomika  informaciis imperi- regional-
 msoflio Segroveba alizmi urikonven-
ekologia  informaciis  eko- ciebi
gaziareba nomi-
kuri
glo-
bal-
izacia
 gare-
mos-
dacviTi
degra-
dacia
saSualo adamianis moraluri  samoqalaqo  geno-  Jenevis kon-
safex- ufle- CarTuloba orga- cidi venciebi
uri bebis,  moral- nizaciebis  tero-  specialize-
(asaki rogorc uri wevroba ri buli kon-
- 15-17 sayov- pasux-  samoqalaqo  samx- venciebi
weli) elTao ismge- pasuxismge- edro  adamianis
stand- bloba blobis Ses- dana- uflebebis
artebis  wig- ruleba Sauli ganviTa-
codna niereba  samoqalaqo da sxv. rebis stan-
adamianis daumor- dartebis
ufle- Cilebloba gacnoba
bebis in-
tegracia
pirad
cno-
bierebasa
da qcev-
asTan

kvlevebi gviCvenebs, rom skolis dawyebiTi da sabazo safex-

uris moswavleebi zogjer naklebad Tavdajerebulebi arian, rac
amcirebs maTi socializaciis SesaZleblobas. rTulia sxvis ufle-
bebze zrunva, rodesac sakuTari uflebebis realizeba gviWirs.
am SemTxvevaSi, adamianis uflebebis swavlis sabaziso moTxovnad

123
moswavleebis Tavdajerebulobis amaRleba iqceva.
adamianis uflebebis swavlis yovel etaps aqvs Tavisi uni-
kaluri amocana da misaRwevi Sedegi. qvemoT warmodgenili Teme-
bi da aqtivobebi moswavleebsa da maswavleblebs SesaZleblobas
aZlevs, Seiswavlon adamianis uflebaTa sabazo cnebebi - sicocx-
le, samarTlianoba, Tavisufleba, Tanasworoba da sxv.
adamianis uflebebis swavla fokusirebulia ara mxolod gare
sakiTxebsa da SemTxvevebze, aramed Sinagan personalur Rireb-
ulebebze, damokidebulebebsa da qcevaze. adamianis uflebebis
swavlisas, gamoiyeneba kombinirebuli meTodologia, romelic
gulisxmobs damoukidebel kvlevas, analizsa da kritikul az-
rovnebas.
adamianis uflebebis sabazo cnebebad SeiZleba warmovidginoT
Semdegi: `me maqvs ufleba. es ar aris mxolod is, rac me minda an
mWirdeba. es aris Cemi ufleba. arsebobs pasuxismgebloba, ro-
melic unda vikisro da valdebuleba, romelic unda Sevasrulo~.
Tu moswavleebi gariyulni arian procesebidan, isini ver gaiaz-
reben uflebebsa da maTi aRiarebis aucileblobas, miT ufro, ar
ganicdian sxvaTa uflebebis ugulebelyofis SemTxvevebs. pirvel
rigSi, kargad unda vacnobierebdeT uflebebis mniSvnelobas
CvenTvis, rac, Tavis mxriv, zrdis personalur pasuxismgeblobas,
uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa dacvisa da dafasebis TvalsazrisiT.
saWiroa adamianis uflebebis swavla sakuTari Tavisa da sxva
adamianebis mimarT pasuxismgeblobisa da movaleobis grZnobis
gaRrmavebis kuTxiT. maswavlebelma unda Seqmnas SesaZleblobe-
bi, rom moswavleebs SeaZlebinos socialuri pasuxismgeblobebis
gaazreba da maT Sesasruleblad dayolieba. maswavleblebi da
moswavleebi unda flobdnen im unarebs, romlebic saWiroa pa-
suxismgeblobebTan da movaleobebTan dakavSirebuli gardauva-
li konfliqtebis gadaWrisTvis, rac sul ufro mzardia sxvisi
uflebebis dacvis valdebulebis gacnobierebis fonze.

5.2.3. saklaso aqtivobebi/strategiebi adamianis uflebebis

swavlebis xelSesawyobad
qvemoT mocemulia TqvenTvis kargad nacnobi ramdenime sak-
laso aqtivoba/strategia, romelic, sxva akademiuri miznebis
miRwevasTan erTad, warmatebiT SegiZliaT gamoiyenoT adamianis
uflebebis swavlebis procesSi:

124
 mocemuli strategiebi da aqtivobebi emsaxureba moswavlee-
bSi Tanaziarobisa da moraluri warmodgenebis ganviTarebas,
maTi varaudebis eWvqveS dayenebas/cvlilebas da adamianis ufle-
bebisa da Tanasworobis konceptebis erTmaneTTan dakavSirebas;
misadagebulia adamianis uflebebis swavlis amocanebTan da xels
uwyobs kritikuli azrovnebis ganviTarebas, TanamSromlobis ga-
Zlierebas, gansxvavebuli gamocdilebisa da Sexedulebebis da-
fasebas da swavlis procesSi moswavleTa aqtiur monawileobas.

1. gonebrivi ieriSi
es strategia SeiZleba gamoviyenoT problemebis gadaWris
gzebis Ziebis dros. gonebrivi ieriSi moiTxovs problemis gaana-
lizebas da garkveuli gadawyvetilebis miRebas. is xels uwyobs
monawileobis maRal xarisxs da zrdis saswavlo procesSi Car-
Tuli moswavleebis SemoqmedebiTobas. problemis wardgenis Sem-
deg, yvela idea/pasuxi fiqsirdeba dafaze an saprezentacio qa-
Raldze. maswavlebeli pasiuria, arafers ganmartavs, ar uaryofs/
eTanxmeba moswavleTa SeTavazebebs/winadadebebs. meore etapze,
maswavlebeli axdens pasuxebis kategorizaciasa da analizs. am
dros SesaZlebelia zogierTi pasuxis adaptireba an uaryofa.
sabolood, moswavleTa jgufebi SeimuSaveben rekomendaciebs da
warmarTaven problemis garSemo diskusias.

strategiis gamoyenebis magaliTebi:

a. `werili boTlSi~
sTxoveT moswavleebs, warmoidginon, rom Cvenamde moaRwia
aramiwieri civilizaciis signalma. gaerTianebuli erebis orga-
nizaciam ucxo civilizaciasTan kavSiris damyareba gadawyvita da
miznad daisaxa maTTvis kacobriobis Sesaxeb garkveuli informa-
ciis gagzavna. moswavleebma unda SearCion is, ris gagzavnasac um-
niSvnelovanesad CaTvlian (mag. musika, adamianis modeli, tansac-
meli, literatura, religiuri daniSnulebis nivTebi da sxv.). am
aqtivobisas, viyenebT individualur, jgufur an saerTo saklaso
muSaobas, xolo moswavleTa gaaqtiurebisa da sakiTxze koncen-
trirebis mizniT, SesaZloa davusvaT Semdegi kiTxvebi: vin var me?
vin varT Cven?

125
 zemoT mocemuli aqtivobiT, moswavleebma unda aRmoaCnon
sakuTari Tavi, rogorc kacobriobis nawili, gaigon da daafa-
son adamianuri Rirseba; gaacnobieron sakuTari pasuxismgebloba
erTmaneTisa da mTeli sazogadoebis winaSe (adamianis uflebaTa
sayovelTao deklaracia, muxli 1; bavSvTa uflebebis konvencia,
muxli 1).

b) energia
nebismieri saqmianoba moiTxovs energias. rac mets akeTeb, miT
meti energiaa saWiro. klasTan gonebrivi ieriSis dros, ganixileT
energiis yvela SesaZlo wyaro da forma: mze, sakvebi, qvanaxSiri,
gazi, eleqtrooba, qari da a.S.
sTxoveT moswavleebs, Camoweron energiis yvela saxe, romelsac
isini yoveldRiurad iyeneben da daadginon, rogor xdeba maTi
mopoveba, gamoyeneba da momxmareblamde miwodeba. msjelobis sa-
gani SeiZleba gaxdes Semdegi:
 aris Tu ara energiis CamoTvlili wyaroebi ganaxlebadi?
 ra gavlenas axdens energiis sxvadasxva formis gamoyeneba
garemoze?
 SeiZleba Tu ara skolaSi energiis ufro metad dazogva? ro-
gor?
 SeiZleba Tu ara amoiwuros energiis romelime wyaro? rogor
davzogoT energia?
gonebrivi ieriSisa da diskusiis Semdeg moswavleebs mieciT
proeqtuli davaleba - `SeqmeniT energoefeqturi mowyobilo-
bebi/nagebobebi, ifiqreT, rogor SeiZleba sazogadoebas/Tems
miewodos energia da romeli xelmisawvdomi resursebis gamoy-
enebiT (mag. qaris, wylis, mzis, sasargeblo wiaRiseulis da a.S.)
(adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia, muxli 25; bavSvTa
uflebebis konvencia, muxli 27).

2. situaciuri savarjiSo
moswavleTa mcire jgufebi muSaoben realur an gamogonil
SemTxvevebze, romlebic exeba adamianis uflebebis stantdartebis
gamoyenebas. es strategia unda efuZnebodes realuri da sando
SemTxvevebis scenarebs, e.w. situaciur savarjiSoebs.
rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, SemTxvevebiT swavla xels uwyobs
analizis, problemis gadaWrisa da dagegmvis unarebis ganviTare-

126
bas, aseve, TanamSrolobiT swavlasa da gundurobas. SemTxvevebiT
swavla xSirad gamoiyeneba debatebisa da diskusiisTvis an kvle-
viT proeqtebze moswavleTa muSaobis wasaxaliseblad. mocemul
SemTxvevaSi, gTavazobT SemTxveviT/qeisiT swavla-swavlebis sa-
varjiSos adamianis uflebebTan dakavSirebiT.

savarjiSos gamoyenebis magaliTebi:

a) `Jurnalisti gauCinarda!~
klasSi ganixileT Semdegi SemTxveva: Jurnalistma gazeTSi
gamoaqveyna kritikuli statia, ramac gaaRiziana maRali Tanam-
debobis pirebi. momdevno dRes aRniSnulma pirebma Jurnalisti
gaitaces, scemes da ukacriel adgilze mdebare saxlSi gamo-
ketes. am moqmedebiT SeizRuda Jurnalistis uflebebi. sTxoveT
klass, adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciaze dayrdno-
biT, gansazRvron, Jurnalistis romeli specifikuri uflebebi
SeizRuda. Semdeg daavaleT moswavleebs, moamzadon werili ius-
ticiis ministris saxelze, sadac imsjeleben Jurnalistis mimarT
ganxorcielebul ZalmomreobiT aqtze da aRniSnul faqts mis-
cemen samarTlebriv Sefasebas. aseve, SeiZleba moswavleebma Ria
weriliT mimarTon sazogadoebas an adamianis uflebaTa damcvel
organizaciebs (sasurvelia, moswavleebma damoukideblad SeZlon
msgavsi organizaciebis identificireba) (adamianis uflebaTa say-
ovelTao deklaracia, muxli 3, 5, 8, 9, 11, 12).

b) `Caalage Cemodani~
omis Sedegad Cndebian ltolvilebi, anu adamianebi, romlebic
iZulebiT toveben sakuTar saxlebs, zogjer qveynebsac, radgan
ganicdian devnas rasis, religiis, erovnebis an politikuri
Sexedulebis gamo.
klasis winaSe waikiTxeT es scenari:
`Sen xar maswavlebeli ________. Seni kolega gauCinarda da
mogvianebiT gardacvlili ipoves. Seni saxeli, rogorc diver-
siis mowyobaSi eWvmitanilisa, gaJRerda sagazeTo statiaSi.
mogvianebiT miiRe muqaris werili politikuri aqtiurobis gamo.
gadawyvite gaqceva. SegiZlia, waiRo mxolod xuTi kategoriis
nivTi (mag. higienis nivTebi, tansacmeli, fotoebi da sxv.). Cemo-
danis Casalageblad gaqvs xuTi wuTi. gaiTvaliswine, rom SeiZle-
ba veRar dabrunde saxlSi~.

127
 sTxoveT ramdenime moswavles, waikiTxos SerCeuli sagnebis
sia. ramdenime aseTi magaliTis Semdeg, auxseniT moswavleebs
ltolvilis ganmarteba da devnis mtkicebulebis mniSvnelo-
ba usafrTxo da legaluri TavSesafris miRebisTvis. diskusiis
reJimSi ganixileT emociur fonze gadawyvetilebis miRebis ga-
mocdileba da SeafaseT SfoTvis roli myisieri gadawyvetilebis
miRebis procesSi.
proeqtis farglebSi sTxoveT moswavleebs, gamoikvlion
ltolvilebis mdgomareoba ara mxolod maTTvis nacnob garemo-
Si, aramed msoflioSi. proeqtze muSaobisas gamoiyeneT sakvanZo
kiTxvebi:
 sad aris ltolvilTa yvelaze didi koncentracia?
 saidan gamoiqcnen isini da ratom?
 vin aris maT usafrTxoebasa da zrunvaze pasuxismgebeli?
(adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia, muxli 14; bavS-
vTa uflebebis konvencia, muxli 22).

3. SemoqmedebiTi TviTgamoxatva
xelovnebis nimuSebi gvexmareba cnebebis an sakiTxis Sinaarsis
dakonkretebaSi, maTze gamosaxuli gmirebis personalizeba gav-
lenas axdens moswavleTa damokidebulebebis Camoyalibebas saxeb.
xelovnebis nimuSebi moicavs moTxrobebsa da leqsebs, grafikas,
skulpturas, dramas, simRerasa da cekvas. ar aris saWiro, mas-
wavlebels hqondes specifikuri sagnobrivi codna imisTvis, rom
CamoTvlili resursebi gamoiyenos moswavleebSi SemoqmedebiTi
unarebis gasaviTareblad.

strategiis gamoyenebis magaliTebia:

a) wigni `vin var me?~
bavSvebi weren avtobiografiul wigns. ydaze aTavseben sa-
kuTar fotos an avtoportrets. maT SeuZliaT wignis sxvadasxva
gverdze ganaTavson piradi fotoebi, maTTvis sayvareli moTxro-
bebi, leqsebi. kargi iqneba Tu cxovrebis saintereso detalebis
CarTviTac gaamravalferovneben wigns. amave principiT SeiZleba
movamzadoT mTeli kalsisTvis saerTo wigni `vin varT Cven?~ (ada-
mianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia, muxli 3, 19; bavSvTa
uflebebis konvencia, muxli 6, 7, 8, 12, 13, 30).
128
 b) `me~ kedelze /miwaze
moxazeT yoveli moswavlis konturi qaRaldis did furcelze
an miwaze. sTxoveT moswavleebs, daxaton, gaaferadon sxeulis
detalebi da daaweron personaluri da fizikuri maxasiaTeblebi
(mag. saxeli, simaRle, wona, risi codna surs yvelaze metad, risi
gakeTeba unda skolaSi an zrdasrulobisas da a.S.). qaRaldze Se-
qmnili konturebi miamagreT kedelze. mieciT saSualeba TiToeul
moswavles, iswavlos erTmaneTis da sakuTari Tavis Sesaxeb (ada-
mianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia, muxli 3, 19, 24; bavSvTa
uflebebis konvencia, muxli 6, 7, 8, 12, 13, 28, 29, 31).

g) survilebi da saWiroebebi
dayaviT moswavleebi mcire jgufebad da sTxoveT, Seqmnan aTi
baraTi im sagnebis gamosaxviT, romlebic piradi bednierebisTvis
sWirdebaT. baraTebze muSaobisas, moswavleebs SeuZliaT, amoWran
ilustraciebi Zveli Jurnalebidan an daxaton maTTvis sasurve-
li nivTebi.
yoveli jgufi ganmartavs maT mier SerCeul sagnebs/nivTebs
da alagebs `saWiroebebis~ ganyofilebaSi. Semdeg uTxariT mo-
swavleebs, rom mTavrobis gankargulebiT, maT ar SeuZliaT yvela
saWiroebis dakmayofileba da amitom unda Seamciron SerCeuli
sagnebis nusxa. im sagnebs, romlebsac moswavleebi Seelevian,
calke `sasurvel~ganyofilebaSi aTvseben.
kvlav gaimeoreT es aqtivoba da moswavleebs kidev ufro Seam-
cirebineT saWiro sagnebis nusxa.
aqtivobis ganxilvisas, imsjeleT Semdeg sakiTxebze:
pirvel jerze romeli sagnebi SeamcireT? ratom?
ra gansxvavebaa sasurvelsa da saWiros Soris?
yvela adamians erTnairi survilebi da saWiroebebi aqvs?
SeiZleboda Tu ara saWiro nivTebis kidev ufro Semcireba?
ratom? ra Sedegs miviRebdiT?
msjelobisa da ganmartebis Sedegad, sasurvelia, im daskv-
namde misvla, rom bavSvTa uflebebi efuZneba yvela bavSvis
cxovrebisTvis aucilebel saWiroebas, rac uzrunvelyofs maT
janmrTelobas, bednier cxovrebas da pasuxismgeblobis mqone mo-
qalaqeebad Camoyalibebas.6

6
adaptirebulia wignidan It’s Only Right! A Practical Guide to Leaning about the
Convention on the Rights of the Child by Susan Fountain.UNICEF, 1993.
129
 d) ra sWirdeba bavSvs?
mcire jgufebSi muSaobisas, moswavleebi xataven bavSvis fig-
uras da arqmeven saxels. Semdeg fiqroben, Tu rogori gonebrivi,
fizikuri da pirovnuli niSnebi moufiqron mas - momaval karg
moqalaqes (mag. kargi janmrTeloba, iumoris grZnoba, sikeTe).
idealuri Tvisebebis gamoxatvisTvis maT SeuZliaT Seqmnan simbo-
loebi (mag. wigni gamoxatavs ganaTlebas).
daxatuli figuris SigniT moswavleebi Camoweren bavSvis
pirovnul Tvisebebs/maxasiaTeblebs, xolo figuris gareT - im
adamianuri da materialuri resursebis nusxas, romelic das-
Wirdeba (mag. janmrTeli rom iyos, sWirdeba sakvebi da a.S.).
aqtivobis Semdeg gaacaniT moswavleebs bavSvTa uflebebis
konvenciis is muxlebi, romlebic gansazRvraven maTi jansaRi
ganviTarebisaTvis dadgenil saWiroebebs (mag. ganaTleba, janmr-
Telobis dacva, xarisxiani sakvebiT uzrunvelyofa da a.S.).
sTxoveT moswavleebs, Seadaron erTmaneTs maT mier da konvenci-
iT gansazRvruli saWiroebebi da Seadginon `bavSvis saWiroebaTa~
sakuTari konvencia. ganxiluli aqtivobis Sedegad moswavleebi
acnobiereben bavSvTa uflebebis konvenciis Sesabamisi punqtebis
arssa da mniSvnelobas.
e) isini yvelani msgavsni arian
mieciT TiToeul moswavles patara qva an raime sxva nivTi
(mag., kartofili) da sTxoveT kargad Seiswavlos is. Semdeg sa-
surveli formiT (mag. SeuZliaT daweron patara moTxroba, sadac
yuradRebas gaamaxvileben nivTis asakze, mis xasiaTze - mowyenil-
ia Tu mxiaruli, formaze, SesaZleblobebze da a.S.) waradginon
sakuTari nivTebi klasis winaSe. Semdeg yvela nivTi erTad Caal-
ageT yuTSi/CanTaSi da sTxoveT moswavleebs, ipovon `sakuTari~
nivTebi.
aqtivobis Sejamebisas, miuTiTeT, rom gacnobis Semdeg ada-
mianebi ukeT vamCnevT erTmaneTis gansakuTrebul niSnebs. yovel
adamians aqvs sakuTari, unikaluri istoria da yvelani poten-
ciuri megobrebi arian. es niSnavs, rom garkveuli stereotipebi
(mag. roki civi, mZime da indiferentulia) arsebobas ganapirobebs
codnis deficiti da sasurvelia, Tavi unda SevikavoT winaswari
gansjisgan (adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia, muxlebi
1, 2; bavSvTa uflebebis konvencia, muxli 2).

130
 4. diskusia
moswavleTa wyvilebSi, mcire jgufebsa Tu mTel klasSi dis-
kusiis wamosawyebad mravali gza arsebobs. ndobisa da pativisce-
mis ganwyobis Sesaqmnelad, sasurvelia, moswavleebma SeimuSaon
`diskusiis wesebi~ .
sakiTxis ganxilvaSi mTeli klasis CarTvisTvis maswavlebelma
SesaZloa gamoiyenos iseTi teqnika, rogoricaa `visaubroT~ (mas-
wavlebeli svams Ria kiTxvas, mag. ras niSnavs Rirseba SenTvis? an
`bednieri var, roca...~ da yvela moswavle pasuxobs rigrigobiT).
piradi an faqizi sakiTxebi umjobesia ganvixiloT mcire jgufeb-
Si.

strategiis gamoyenebis magaliTebi:

a) kanonis winaSe Tanasworoba

adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciis me-7 muxli
ase iwyeba: `kanonis winaSe yvela Tanasworia~. Tumca kanonis es
moTxovna realur cxovrebasa da praqtikaSi yovelTvis rodi
xorcieldeba.
sakiTxis Sesaxeb diskusiisTvis gamoiyeneT Semdegi kiTxvebi:
 aris Tu ara Sens TemSi yvela adamiani kanonis winaSe Tanas-
wori? xom ar sargeblobs vinme faruli an Ria upiratesobiT?
 ra faqtorebi SeiZleba ganapirobebdes erTi adamianis sxvebze
upiratesobas?
 ratom aris kanonis winaSe yvelas Tanasworoba aucilebeli pi-
roba adamianis uflebebis garantirebulad dacvisTvis? (ada-
mianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia, muxli 7; bavSvTa
uflebebis konvencia, muxli 2)

b) ufleba, iswavlo sakuTari uflebebi

auxseniT moswavleebs, rom ganaTlebis ufleba aris adamia-
nis uflebaTa deklaraciis erT-erTi fundamenturi moTxovna.
sTxoveT, imsjelon Semdeg sakiTxebze:
 ra aris saWiro imisTvis, rom adamianebma icodnen sakuTari
uflebebis Sesaxeb?
 ratom aris mniSvnelovani, viswavloT da vicodeT adamianis
uflebebi?
 yvelas Tanabrad gvWirdeba uflebebis codna? ratom?
 rogor unda iswavlebodes adamianis uflebebi?

131
 yvela saskolo sagani unda isaxavdes miznad adamianis ufle-
baTa swavlas? ratom? rogor SeiZleba amis ganxorcieleba?
 ramdenad SeuZliaT moswavleebs, damoukideblad iswavlon ada-
mianis uflebebi? (adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklara-
cia, muxli 26; bavSvTa uflebebis konvencia, muxli 17, 29)

5. gasvliTi vizitebi/saTemo vizitebi

moqalaqeobrivi ganaTlebis mxardaWerisTvis mniSvnelovania
saswavlo procesSi sazogadoebrivi dawesebulebebis CarTviT
skolis sivrcis gafarToeba. kerZod, moswavleebisTvis im samTav-
robo organizaciebis gacnoba, sadac adamianis uflebebis sakiTxi
gansakuTrebul aqtualobas iZens (mag. sasamarTloebi, cixeebi da
sxv.); aseve, iseTi adgilebis monaxuleba/Seswavla, sadac adamiane-
bi sxvaTa uflebebis dasacavad an umweoTa mdgomareobis Sesamsub-
uqeblad muSaoben (mag. arakomerciuli organizaciebi, romelTa
mizania Semweobebis Segroveba, miusafar adamianTa gamokveba, maTi
tansacmliT uzrunvelyofa da/an TavSesafrebi da klinikebi). mo-
swavleebs winaswar unda avuxsnaT vizitis mizani da vTxovoT,
Semdgomi ganxilvisTvis Caiweron dakvirvebis Sedegebi.

strategiis gamoyenebis magaliTebi:

a) ganTlebis ufleba
sTxoveT moswavleebs, qvemoT mocemuli CamonaTvalidan
SearCion is moswavleebi, romelTac maTi azriT, gansakuTrebuli
mxardaWera sWirdebaT:
 gonebrivi ganviTarebis Seferxebis mqone
 fizikuri ganviTarebis Seferxebis mqone
 oboli
 miusafari
 naadrev qorwinebaSi myofi
 migranti/ltolvili
 umciresobis warmomadgeneli
 socialurad daucveli ojaxis wevri

diskusiis gasaRrmaveblad, mimarTeT moswavleebs Semdegi

SekiTxviT:

132
 Tqveni azriT, ra aris saWiro maTi srulfasovani ganaTlebi-
sTvis?

Tu romelime moswavlem aRniSna, rom bavSvebis nawili gansx-

vavebul skolaSi dadis, hkiTxeT mas:
 ratom SeiZleba swavlobdnen es moswavleebi gansxvavebul
skolebSi?
 Tqveni azriT, gansxvavebul skolebSi bavSvebi karg ganaTle-
bas miiReben?

kiTxva-pasuxis etapis dasrulebis Semdeg gamarTeT saklaso

diskusia Temaze - msgavs SemTxvevebSi irRveva Tu ara bavSvis
ufleba, miiRos srulfasovani ganaTleba da vin aris pasuxismge-
beli maT ganaTlebaze?
sasurvelia, moswavleebi estumron specialuri saganmanaTle-
blo saWiroebebis mqone bavSvebis skolas. moawyon diskusia, Tu
ramdenad daculia yvela bavSvis ufleba ganaTlebaze, ra unda
gakeTdes am uflebis uzrunvelsayofad; gauwion advokatireba
specialuri saWiroebis mqone bavSvebs, raTa maT hqondeT gana-
Tlebaze Tanabari xelmisawvdomoba (adamianis uflebaTa sayovel-
Tao deklaracia, muxli 26; bavSvTa uflebebis konvencia, muxli
28, 29).

b) sakvebi
sTxoveT moswavleebs, CainiSnon maTi yoveldRiuri sakvebi da
sasmeli. gaaanalizon TavianTi codna imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra sWirdeba
sxeuls arsebobisa da ganviTarebisTvis (karbonatebi, proteinebi,
mineralebi, vitaminebi, wyali). daavaleT moswavleebs, SearCion
erTi konkretuli sakvebi da gamoikvlion misi Semadgenloba, in-
formacia mwarmoebelze, uSualod warmoebis procesi da trans-
portireba. es kvleva SeiZleba Catardes maRaziaSi, sawarmosa da
meurneobaSi. kvlevisTvis dRiuri racionidan SearCieT romelime
produqti, romelic xarobs axlomaxlo (xili, bostneuli). daya-
viT moswavleebi wyvilebad/mcire jgufebad da sTxoveT, moiZion
informacia SerCeuli produqtis Sesaxeb, adgilze gaecnon maTi
dargvisa da movlis procedurebs da sezonze dargon skolis
ezoSi. Semdeg moiwvieT agronomi da imsjeleT mcenareTa dargvi-
sa da movlis wesebze. skolis baRSi samuSao da moweuli mosavali
gaunawileT klasis yvela moswavles. gamarTeT saklaso/saskolo

133
diskusiebi mcenareTa movlis gamocdilebis Sesaxeb: aris kul-
tivirebis es meTodi yvelaze efeqturi? arsebobs Tu ara mavne-
blebTan brZolis sxva gza? ramdenad efeqturad gainawiles mo-
swavleebma samuSaoebi da samomavlod raimes xom ar Secvlidnen?
(adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia, muxli 25; bavSvTa
uflebebis konvencia, muxli 24, 27)

6. interviuebi
interviu swavlisa da konkretuli sakiTxis personalize-
bis kargi saSualebaa. SeiZleba gamovkiTxoT ojaxi da sazoga-
doebis wevri, politikuri lideri an adamianis uflebebze mo-
muSave piri. zepiri istoriebis mosmena da maTi analizi xels
uwyobs sazogadoebaSi/TemSi adamianis uflebrivi mdgomareo-
bis gaazrebas.

strategiis gamoyenebis magaliTi:

a) sabWoebi da sasamarTloebi
moswavleebma unda icodnen kanonis Seqmnisa da miRebis pro-
cedurebi imisTvis, rom upasuxon Semdeg kiTxvebs:
 ra aris kanoni?
 vin qmnis mas?
 ratom/risTvis arsebobs kanoni?
dagegmeT klasis viziti adgilobriv an centralur sakanon-
mdeblo organoSi. daaswariT isini sesiis muSaobas. imsjeleT ze-
moT moyvanil kiTxvebze. aseve, moawyveT viziti sasamarTloSi,
raTa moswavleebi ara mxolod kanonis miRebis proceduras daak-
virdnen, aramed, kanonis aRsrulebis konkretuli da praqtikuli
magaliTebic ixilon. am SemTxvevaSic imsjeleT zemoT dasmul
kiTxvebze.
Tu msgavsi vizitis ganxorcieleba ver xerxdeba, maSin klas-
Sive gaiTamaSeT parlamentis an sasamarTlos sxdoma. amisTvis
kargad moemzadeT, gamokveTeT sakanonmdeblo problema, ifiqreT
misi gadaWris gzebze, gaiTamaSeT kanonis miRebis procedurebi.
aranakleb efeqturia adgilobrivi politikosis, kanonmdeblis
mowveva da masTan intervius Cawera Semdeg Temebze:
 ras niSnavs kanonmorCileba?
 ratom unda davicvaT kanoni?

134
 rogor xorcieldeba samarTali?
 ramdenad samarTliania arsebuli kanonebi?
 ramdenad uzrunvelyofilia kanonSemoqmedebiT saqmianobaSi
farTo sazogadoebis monawileoba?
moswavleebTan erTad ganixileT bavSvTa uflebebis konven-
ciis me-12 muxli, romliTac bavSvs aqvs ufleba, hqondes saku-
Tari Sexeduleba. imsjeleT, ramdenad da rogor iTvaliswinebs
am uflebas qveynis sasamarTlo sistema.
mowveul stumarTan erTad moawyveT saklaso diskusia Semdeg
Temebze:
 realur cxovrebaSi xorcieldeba Tu ara qalebisa da mamak-
acebisTvis kanoniT miniWebuli Tanaswori ufleba?
 ramdeni qalia mosamarTle/kanonmdebeli Cvens qveyanaSi?
 ra uSlis xels qalebs, iyvenen ufro aqtiurni sazogadoebriv,
politikur da komerciul saqmianobaSi?
diskusiis procesSi, sasurvelia, moswavleebma zemoT miTiTe-
buli kiTxvebis pasuxad miRebuli cifrebis da/an procentuli mo-
nacemebis safuZvelze imsjelon, Tu ramdenad uzrunvelyofil-
ia qalTa da mamakacTa Tanabari monawileoba gadawyvetilebis
miRebis procesebSi da riT unda aixsnas miRebuli balansi an dis-
balansi (adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia, muxli 7, 8,
10, 12, 21, 40; bavSvTa uflebebis konvencia, muxli 12, 40).

b) momxsenebeli biznesseqtoridan
moiwvieT adgilobrivi biznesis warmomadgeneli, rogorc
sazogadoebis aqtiuri, avtoritetuli piri da im arasamTavro-
bo organizaciebis wevri/ebi, romlebic muSaoben samarTliani da
eTikuri vaWrobis sakiTxebze. maTTan Sexvedris dros SesaZloa
gaimarTos diskusia, Tu ra gavlenas axdens adgilobriv vaWrobaze
globaluri ekonomika, aseve, gauziaron TavianTi xedva adamianis
uflebebis dacvisTvis korporatiuli angariSvaldebulebis mniS-
vnelobis Sesaxeb (adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia,
muxli 19, 23, 25; bavSvTa uflebebis konvencia, muxli 3, 6, 17, 27).

7. kvleviTi proeqtebi
adamianis uflebebTan dakavSirebuli Temebi moswavleebs da-
moukidebeli Ziebis farTo SesaZleblobas iZleva. es SeiZleba

135
iyos formaluri kvleva, rodesac gamoiyeneba biblioTeka da in-
ternet resursebi, aseve, araformaluri kvleva respondentebTan
intervius gziT, mediaSi gamoqveynebuli masalebis analiziT da
monacemTa Sekrebis sxva teqnikebis gamoyenebiT. proeqti, individ-
ualuria is Tu jgufuri, aviTarebs damoukidebeli azrovnebis,
monacemTa analizis, adamianis uflebebis rTuli, kompleqsuri
sakiTxebis safuZvliani da siRrmiseuli gagebis SesaZleblobas.

strategiis gamoyenebis magaliTi:

`jariskaci~ bavSvebi
SeiaraRebul konfliqtebSi xSirad arasrulwlovnebi monaw-
ileoben, romelTa umravlesoba iZulebiTaa CarTuli saomar mo-
qmedebebSi, rasac SeiZleba mohyves maTi sikvdili, dasaxiCreba da
sazogadoebisgan gaucxoeba. saerTaSoriso kanonmdebloba krZa-
lavs bavSvTa monawileobas samxedro samsaxursa da sabrZolo op-
eraciebSi.
moswavleTa kvlevis sagnad SesaZloa iqces Semdegi sakiTxebi:
 ratom undaT SeiaraRebul Zalebs bavSvebis gamoyeneba omSi?
 samxedro operaciebSi CarTviT bavSvTa romeli ufleba ir-
Rveva? moiyvaneT bavSvTa uflebebis konvenciidan konkretu-
li muxlebi.
 rogor SeiZleba imoqmedos omSi monawileobam bavSvze? ra
safrTxeebs xedavT?
 ra sirTuleebis gadalaxva mouwevs omgamovlil bavSvs sazoga-
doebaSi integraciisTvis? ramdenad aris mzad sazogadoeba,
daexmaros mas? Tqveni azriT, ra saxis daxmareba sWirdebaT?
qvemoT mocemulia rekomendaciebi, romelTa gaTvaliswineba
moswavleebs daexmareba problemis SeswavlaSi:
 moiZieT meti informacia jariskaci bavSvebis Sesaxeb msofli-
os sxvadasxva kuTxeSi;
 gaarkvieT, romeli organizaciebi muSaoben jariskaci bavS-
vebis reabilitaciis sakiTxebze ;
 dawereT werili/mimarTva, romliTac waaxalisebT mTavrobebs
gaataron efeqturi sakanonmdeblo RonisZiebebi da akrZa-
lon SeiaraRebul Zalebsa da konfliqtebSi bavSvebis (adamia-
nis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia, muxli 3, 4, 5; bavSvTa
uflebebis konvencia, muxli 3, 6, 9, 11, 32, 34, 36, 37, 38, 39).

136
 8. roluri TamaSebi/simulaciebi
rolur TamaSebs aqvs konkretuli daniSnuleba - gazard-
os moswavleTa mgZnobeloba da perspeqtivis gancda calkeuli
jgufebisa da problemuri sakiTxebis mimarT. roluri TamaSis
dasrulebis Semdeg sakmari dro unda davuTmoT diskusias, raTa
moswavleebma gamoTqvan sakuTari gancdebi, SiSebi, molodine-
bi; gaaanalizon aqtivobis Sinaarsi da gaiazron misi sargebeli.
monawileebma unda SeZlon aRweron TavianTi moqmedeba, gamoTqvan
mosazreba da dasvan kiTxvebi.

strategiis gamoyenebis magaliTi:

a) Cemi Tojinebis ojaxi

TojinebiT TamaSisas, bavSvebi xSirad ganasaxiereben sakuTar
ojaxs. Tojinebs arqmeven saxelebs da sazRvraven erTmaneTis
mimarT naTesaur kavSirebs (me, deda, mama, da, Zma). Tojinebis
ojaxi SeiZleba gafarTovdes sxva adamianebiT, romlebic iqve
axlos/mezoblad cxovroben. moswavleebs SeuZliaT, gaiTamaSon
yoveldRiuri cxovrebis/urTierTobebis scena, moaxdinon maTT-
vis mniSvnelovani da problemuri Temebis dramatizeba (adamia-
nis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia, muxli 16, 20, 27; bavSvTa
uflebebis konvencia, muxli 9, 10, 15, 31).

b) samiti
klasSi SegviZlia movawyoT politikuri liderebis samitis
gaTamaSeba, sadac globaluri problema ganixileba - magaliTad,
qveiTTa sawinaaRmdego naRmebis gamoyenebisa da bavSvebisTvis
safrTxis Semcveli SromiTi saqmianobis Semcireba. rolur TamaSs
unda mohyves saklaso debatebi problemad SerCeul sakiTxze.
jgufuri muSaobisas, moswavleebi ganasaxiereben konkretul sax-
elmwifos da cdiloben misi poziciis demonstrirebas: zogierTi
jgufi cdilobs, akrZalos qveiTTa sawinaaRmdego naRmebis gamo-
yeneba, sxvebi ewinaaRmdegebian msgavs akrZalvebs da a.S.
aqtivobis bolos SeajameT jgufebis poziciebi da SeadareT
gamovlenili Tvalsazrisebi naRmebis gamoyenebis akrZalvisa
(1997) da bavSvebisTvis mZime/safrTxis Semcveli Sromis akrZal-
vis (1999) konvenciebis moTxovnebs. Sejamebisas, yuradReba gaa-
maxvileT imaze, rom sxvadasxva qveyana da sazogadoeba SeiZleba
erToblivad muSaobdes aRniSnuli problemebis mogvarebisTvis

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(adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia, muxli 28; bavSvTa
uflebebis konvencia, muxli 3, 4, 6).

g) profesiuli cxovreba
aRwereT samuSao garemo (mag. qarxana, ferma), sadac adamianebi
asruleben mflobelebis an menejerebis miTiTebebs. muSakebs aqvT
iniciativa, Tu rogor gaumjobesdes samuSao sivrce. maT, aseve,
surT ukeTesi anazRaureba, samedicino dazRveva, meti Tavisu-
fali dro ganaTlebisa da kvalifikaciis asamaRleblad, ufro
usafrTxo garemo, xangrZlivi Svebuleba da a.S.
dayaviT klasi or jgufad: muSebad da damqiraveblebad. daava-
leT jgufebs, SeimuSaon moTxovnebi da poziciebi. poziciebis
Sesajereblad, jgufebma unda gamoyon delegaciebi da gamarTon
erTmaneTTan molaparakeba. urCieT moswavleebs, ixelmZRvanelon
mSromelTa uflebebis dacvis saerTaSoriso rekomendaciebiT.
Semdeg gaimeoreT aqtivoba, magram SecvaleT rolebi (adamianis
uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia, muxli 23; bavSvTa uflebebis
konvencia, muxli 32).

d) gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis simulaciuri modeli

SearCieT ramdenime globaluri mniSvnelobis sakiTxi da
gansazRvreT moswavleTa muSaobis forma (individualuri an
jgufuri), raTa maT warmoadginon gaerTianebuli erebis orga-
nizaciaSi gawevrianebuli qveynebis mravalferovneba. auxseniT
moswavleebs aqtivobis mizani - Seiswavlon SerCeuli qveyanis
mdgomareoba da poziciebi problemad gansazRvruli sakiTxis
mimarT.
rodesac moswavleebi daasruleben kvlevas, sTxoveT, Seadgi-
non rezolucia generalur asambleaze gansaxilvelad. rezolu-
cia unda Seicavdes problemis detalur aRweras da misi gadaWris
gegmas, mdgomareobis gasaumjobeseblad gasatarebeli RonisZie-
bebis CamonaTvals. masSi unda Candes gaerTianebuli erebis orga-
nizaciis rolic. prezentaciisas, moswavleebma unda daarwmunon
msmenelebi, rom maTi rezolucia sargebels moutans yvelas da
amitom imsaxurebs ganxilvasa da mxardaWeras.
poziciis prezentirebis Semdeg moswavleebi erToblivad iw-
yeben gamosavlis Ziebas da cdiloben, konsensusis gziT gadaWran
problema.
bolos gamarTeT gaeros imitirebuli forumi. daadgineT

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forumis muSaobis wesebi da reglamenti (mag. mimarTvis forma,
generaluri mdivnis mier qveynebis warmomadgenlebisTvis sityvis
micemis procedura da a.S.). diskusiis Semdeg moawyveT rezolu-
ciis kenWisyra - winaswar gansazRvreT xmis micemis procedura,
daadgineT qvorumi. daskvniT etapze SeajameT simulacia, gamoiy-
eneT werilobiTi an sityvieri Sefaseba, TviTSefasebisa da urT-
ierTSefasebis strategiebi. erToblivad imsjeleT, Tu rogor
SeiZleba msgavsi aqtivobis ukeT dagegmva da ganxorcieleba (ada-
mianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia, muxli 1, 28, 30; bavSvTa
uflebebis konvencia, muxli 3).

5.3. interkulturuli ganaTleba7

5.3.1. interkulturuli moqalaqeoba
moqalaqeobis, demokratiis da multikulturalizmis Teor-
iebi gansazRvraven ara mxolod identobis mniSvnelobas, aramed
im sazogadoebriv SezRudvebsa da SesaZleblobebs, romlebic
adamians misgan gansxvavebul jgufebTan erToblivi muSaobisTvis
da maTdami tolerantuli damokidebulebisaTvis saWiro unaris
gamomuSavebaSi exmareba. interkulturuli ganaTlebis Teoriebi
siRrmiseulad warmoaCenen gansxvavebuli identobebis rTul, wi-
naaRmdegobriv bunebas da avlenen ganaTlebis sferoSi sazRvrebis
gadalaxvis saWiroebas. multikulturuli moqalaqeobis Teoria
xels uwyobs socialuri kontrastebiT, araTanasworuflebiano-
biTa da usamarTlobiT gamowveuli problemebis mogvarebas.
mniSvnelovania imis dadgena, Tu ramdenad relevanturia de-
mokratiisa da moqalaqeobis cnebebis gamoyeneba saxelmwifosa
da ganaTlebas Soris arsebuli urTierTdamokidebulebis kon-
teqstSi. demokratiis cnebas mosdevs demokratiuli moqalaqeo-
bis koncefcia, romlis arsi mdgomareobs imaSi, rom individebs
akisriaT pasuxismgebloba, SeswevT monawileobis unari, irCeven
TavianT warmomadgenlebs da axdenen sakuTari da sxvebis saqmi-
anobis monitorings. Tanamedrove gadmosaxedidan es aris ara mx-
olod politikuri, aramed pedagogiuri praqtikac, ramdenadac
moqalaqis Camoyalibeba pedagogikis subieqtis formirebasac gu-
lisxmobs. individebi, TavianTi bunebiT, ar arian mzad politi-

7
Developing interculturalcompetence through education. Series editor Josef Huber.
Council of Europe Pestalozzi Series, No. 3© Council of Europe, January 2014
139
kaSi monawileobis misaRebad. maT sxvadasxva gziT unda miiRon
ganaTleba demokratiuli politikis sferoSi, standartuli
momzadebis kursis gavlis, eTikuri qcevis SeTvisebis, demokra-
tiul procesze codnis SeZenisa da praqtikuli saqmianobis ganx-
orcielebis CaTvliT. demokratia gulisxmobs Tanamonawileobis
iseT process, romlis yvela monawile Tanasworuflebianad aris
miCneuli. Tumca ganaTleba Tavis TavSi moicavs process, romlis
drosac `moumwifebeli” iZulebuli xdeba gaigivdes cxovrebis im
principebTan da stilTan, romelic sazogadoebis `momwifebuli”
wevrebisaTvis aris damaxasiaTebeli. amrigad, pedagogikis sagnis
demokratiulad formireba aris interkulturuli aRzrdis pro-
cesi.
zrunva, samarTlianoba da individualuri pasuxismgebloba
warmoadgens moraluri qmedebis ZiriTad principebs, romlebic
unda avsebdnen erTmaneTs. zrunvis xelSemwyobi principebi swav-
lis interaqtiuli procesis safuZvelSia, romlis fundaments
sxvaTa Rirsebis pativiscema warmoadgens. skolebma seriozulad
unda miiRon `gansxvavebulobis~ kultura, rac gaafarTovebs mo-
qalaqeobrivi ganaTlebis perspeqtivebs da moicavs pasuxismge-
blobas da urTierTpativiscemis gamomxatvel qcevas ojaxSi da
interpersonalur urTierTobebs sazogadoebaSi. dabolos, indi-
vidualuri pasuxismgebloba umTavresia moraluri da eTikuri
ganaTlebisTvis.

5.3.2. TanamSromlobiTi midgoma

kvlevebi aCvenebs, rom swavla gacilebiT efeqturia, Tu ar
xdeba codnis pasiuri miReba. gakveTilis leqciuri/frontaluri
stili ar aris interkulturuli damokidebulebebis, codnisa da
unarebis ganviTarebis saSualeba. magaliTad, leqcia demokrati-
is an sxvaTa pativiscemisa da interkulturuli kompetenciebis
mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb ver iqneba sarwmuno da efeqtiani, Tu mas-
wavlebeli klasTan komunikaciisas ar iyenebs msgavs principebsa
da modelebs. meore mxriv, cdasa da praqtikaze dafuZnebuli,
anu `keTebiT~ swavla iTvaliswinebs da efuZneba gamocdilebas,
Sedarebas, analizs, refleqsias da TanamSromlobiT moqmedebas,
rac maRali SedegianobiT gamoirCeva.
bolo aTeuli wlebis ganmavlobaSi Seicvala ganaTlebis ori-
entiri da misi mizani gaxda moswavleebSi mravalmxrivi kompeten-

140
ciis ganviTareba. dRes, formaluri da araformaluri swavlis
procesis efeqtianobis asamaRleblad, swavlis inovaciuri te-
qnikebi da muSaobis formebi gamoiyeneba. sul ufro meti maswav-
lebeli iyenebs proeqtul muSaobas, romelic moicavs sakvanZo
Temas, davalebebs/amocanebs moswavleTa codnis gansxvavebuli
doneebisa da maTi asakis mixedviT. arsebiTad mniSvnelovania, rom
proeqtis miznebi da Sinaarsi uzrunvelyofdes yvela moswavlis
monawileobas. proeqtze muSaobisas, moswavleebi qmnian sakuTar
saswavlo masalebs, romlis prezentaciasa da Sefasebas axdenen
erToblivad. swavlis axleburi midgomebis gamoyenebisas icvleba
maswavleblebisa da moswavleebis rolebi/funqciebi, rac moswav-
leTa kompetenciis srulyofa-ganviTarebis damatebiTi stimulia.
iseTi pedagogiuri midgomebis gamoyenebisas, romliTac mo-
swavleebi, erTmaneTTan TanamSromlobiT, iZenen gamocdilebas,
SeuZliaT aRmoCinon/moiZion maTTvis saWiro informacia, ga-
naxorcielon cvlilebebi, gaaanalizon, Seadaron da Seafason
garkveuli procesebi, saswavlo aqtivobebi xdeba uaRresad efeq-
turi moswavleTa mravalmxrivi pirovnuli ganviTarebisTvis, rac
pirdapir ukavSirdeba maTi interkulturuli kompetenciebis ama-
Rlebas.
erT-erTi midgoma, romelic mimarTulia moswavleebSi inter-
kulturuli kompetenciis ganviTarebaze, aris TanamSromlobaze
dafuZnebuli swavla. TanamSromlobiTi swavlisas, moswavleebi
xSirad urTierToben, muSaoben jgufebSi da erToblivad as-
ruleben sakmaod rTul, mravalkomponentian davalebebs, xdebi-
an pasuxismgebelni da angariSvaldebulni sakuTari da jgufis
wevrebis swavlasa da moqmedebaze. am dros jgufis yvela wevri
cdilobs sakuTari wvlili Seitanos saerTo saqmeSi, rac aseve
aZlierebs inkluziur midgomas da interaqcias. saboloo jamSi,
gunduri muSaoba uzrunvelyofs konstruqciul, inkluziur da
wamaxalisebel garemos moswavleTa socialuri unarebisa da kon-
fliqtis mogvarebis strategiebis ganviTarebisTvis.
TanamSromlobiTi swavla xelsayrel garemos qmnis imisTvis,
rom moswavleebma Tavi usafrTxod da komfortulad igrZnon.
amasTan, erToblivi muSaobisTvis dasaxuli amocana da miznebi
naTlad unda iyos Camoyalibebuli, raTa moswavleebma Sedegianad
imuSaon. TanamSromlobiTi midgomis dros moswavleebi swrafad
iazreben, rom problemis efeqturad gadawyvetisTvis isini unda
iyvnen yuradRebianni, gulaxdilni da empaTiurebi. rodesac

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jgufebi xelmZRvaneloben mkafio miznebiT da amocana moiTxovs
pozitiur urTierTdamokidebulebas, jgufis wevrebi erTo-
blivad da xalisiT axorcieleben mravalferovan aqtivobebs, rac
zrdis urTierTpativiscemas, afarToebs monawileTa Tvalsawi-
ers da aviTarebs maT socialur unarebs.

5.3.3. saklaso aqtivobebi/strategiebi interkulturuli

ganaTlebis xelSesawyobad
qvemoT mocemulia TqvenTvis kargad nacnobi ramdenime sak-
laso aqtivoba/strategia, romelic, sxva akademiuri miznebis
miRwevasTan erTad, dagexmarebaT interkulturuli ganaTlebis
sakiTxebze muSaobis procesSi:

1. multiperspeqtiuli Sinaarsis aqtivobebi xels uwyobs mo-

swavleebSi gansxvavebuli perspeqtivebis Sesaxeb codnas da maTi
arsebobis safuZvlebis gacnobierebas.
magaliTad, SeiZleba ganvixiloT erTi da igive RonisZiebis
Sesaxeb sami moswavlis Canaweri an naambobi, sadac mkafiod Cans
monawileTa gansxvavebuli gamocdileba, aRqma, damokidebuleba
da a.S. es gansxvavebebi kidev ufro mkafio SeiZleba iyos, Tu mo-
swavleebi sxvadasxva eTno-kulturuli jgufis warmomadgenlebi
arian.
aqtivobebis ganxilva mniSvnelovania miRebuli gamocdilebis
gaazrebisa da imis saCveneblad, Tu rogor moqmedebs RonisZiebis
stili da Sinaarsi sxvaTa an piradi gamocdilebis gagebaze. maswav-
lebelma klasTan erTad unda ganixilos araerTgvarovani Sexed-
ulebebisa da Sefasebebis mizezebi, riTac moswavleebs aCvenebs,
rom zogjer gansxvavebuli poziciis mimarT Cveni pirveladi Se-
fasebebi eyrdnoba winaswar Seqmnil varaudebsa da STabeWdile-
bebs da icvleba sakiTxis arsSi wvdomis Semdeg.
aqtivobebi, romlebSic gaanalizebulia multiperspeqtiulo-
ba, gvexmareba, ganvaviTaroT moswavleTa interkulturuli kom-
petenciebi. magaliTad, esa Tu is istoriuli movlena, xSirad, is-
torikosebis mier gadmocemulia gansxvavebulad. maT poziciebze
gavlenas axdens kulturuli, eTnikuri an religiuri kuTvnile-
ba. mxatvrebmac erTi da igive pirovnebis portreti SeiZleba
gansxvavebulad daxaton. metic, moswavleebi, romlebic saklaso
oTaxis sxvadasxva kuTxeSi sxedan, araerTgvarovnad aRiqvamen mas.

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 igive SeiZleba iTqvas bunebrivi movlenebis Sesaxebac. sx-
vadasxva perspeqtividan maTi Seswavla xels uwyobs bunebrivi
procesebis kritikul analizs, aZlierebs empaTias da mimReblur
ganwyobas, arcTu iSviaTad warmoaCens Cvens pirvelad mcdar
STabeWdilebebsa da stereotipebs.
multiperspeqtiulobis gaRrmavebas xels uwyobs mxatvruli
literaturis gacnoba. moTxrobebi, imis miuxedavad, realuri am-
bavia maTSi gadmocemuli Tu gamogonili, moswavleebs acnobs gan-
sxvavebul kulturebs, tradiciebsa da Sexedulebebs. yovelive
exmareba maT, gadaxedon sakuTar Rirebulebebs, normebs da say-
ovelTaod gavrcelebul mosazrebebs. am mizniT, SeiZleba gamov-
iyenoT moswavleTa biografiebi, aseve, erToblivi biografiuli
Canawerebi (magaliTad, moswavleTa mcire jgufebi weren sakuTar
istoriebs erT konkretul sakiTxTan an periodTan dakavSire-
biT). maT nawerebSi SeiZleba gamoikveTos gansxvavebuli gancdebi,
Sexedulebebi, damokidebulebebi da a.S. msgavsi aqtivobebi gvex-
mareba moswavleTa mravalferovnebis warmoCenaSi da masze msj-
elobaSi.

2. roluri TamaSebi da simulacia, romelic erTanairi warmate-

biT xorcieldeba formalur da araformalur saganmanaTleblo
garemoSi, gvexmareba moswavleTa interkulturuli kompeten-
ciebis ganviTarebaSi imiT, rom monawileebi xSirad moirgeben
xolme maTgan gansxvavebuli normebisa da qcevis mqone adamianebis
rolebs. am dros gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania moswavleebis mier
SeZenili axali gamocdileba, romlis safuZvelia iseTi adamianis
gansaxiereba, romelic azrovnebs, iqceva, msjelobs, gamoiyureba
misgan gansxvavebulad. isini, vis rolebsac moswavleebi irgeben,
gansxvavdebian eniT, rasiT, rwmeniT da RirebulebebiT da, amas-
Tan, acnobiereben, rom es gansxvavebebi maT ar xdis naklebRire-
buls danarCeni kacobriobisaTvis. klasTan an jgufTan yoveli
roluri TamaSis an simulaciis ganxilva mniSvnelovania moswav-
leebSi cnobierebis amaRlebis mizniT da imis gasaazreblad, Tu
ra xdeboda TamaSis msvlelobisas, ras grZnobdnen, ram miiqcia
maTi yuradReba, ris Secvlas isurvebdnen da a.S. moswavleebis
mxridan imis gamovlena, Tu ra aRmoaCines ruluri TamaSis dros,
ra iyo maTTvis SedarebiT ioli da/an rTuli, ucxo, ucnauri
an msgavsi, rogor warmoidgines da gaiTavises sxva identobis
adamianis normebi da xasiaTi, moswavleebs daexmareba miRebuli

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gamocdilebis adekvatur SefasebaSi. amdenad, roluri TamaSiT
moswavleebs uyalibdebaT mimRebloba, cnobismoyvareoba da pati-
viscema, mzaoba da TanagrZnoba. xdeba moswavleebSi dakvirvebisa
da interpretaciis, sxvebis kulturuli Taviseburebebis aRmoCe-
nisa da misi Seswavlis, aseve, adaptaciisa da empaTiis unarebis
ganviTareba.

3. Teatri, poezia da SemoqmedebiTi wera xels uwyobs inter-

kulturuli kompetenciis ganviTarebas, aris Teatri, poezia da
SemoqmedebiTi wera.
Teatris yurebisas an piesebis kiTxvisas, moswavleebi ecnobian
gansxvavebuli kulturuli identobis adamianebs, maTi cxovrebis
stilsa da Sexedulebebs. es Sedegi kidev ufro TvalsaCinoa,
rodesac moswavleebi uSualod ganasaxiereben Teatralur war-
modgenebs. am dros isini ecnobian da ganicdian maTgan gansxvave-
buli adamianebis beds, maT sixarulsa Tu safiqrals, TvalnaTliv
SeigrZnoben maT yofas, midrekilebebsa da survilebs.
moTxrobebisa da leqsebis wakiTxvas Tan unda sdevdes maTi
saklaso ganxilva. efeqturia, rodesac moswavleebi, sakuTari
warmodgenebisa da fantaziis safuZvelze, literaturul nawar-
moebebs garkveul gagrZelebas uZebnian. am dros moswavle mov-
lenaTa ganviTarebis SesaZleblobas Wvrets sakuTari perspeqti-
viT.
es saswavlo aqtivobebi SeiZleba ganxorcieldes aramxolod
literaturisa da enebis gakveTilebze, aramed sasurvelia maTi
adaptireba sxva sagnebis SinaarsSic. saboloo jamSi, am gziT
moswavleebi ecnobian, uaxlovdebian da ganicdian im adamianTa
cxovrebas, romlebsac arasdros icnobdnen. amasTan, izrdeba
maTi gambedaoba, dasvan kiTxvebi sakuTari identobis Sesaxebac -
ramdenad uwyobs xels maT sociumsa da kulturaSi damkvidrebu-
li wesebi, tradiciebi da Sexedulebebi yvela admianis Rirsebisa
da uflebis dacvas? ra aris am mxriv Sesacvleli?

4. eTnografiuli kvleva iTvaliswinebs moswavleebis skolis

gare saqmianobas, raTa gaicnon realuri cxovreba, Seqmnan gamoc-
dileba da codna, romelsac isini gaaanalizeben da Seafaseben.
eTnografiuli kvlevis procesi SeiZleba gaxdes TviTaRmoCenis
da TviTSefasebis ganmapirobebelic. am dros moswavleebi axor-
cieleben damoukidebel kvlevas, romlis mizania, aRmoaCinon: ro-

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gor esalmebian adamianebi erTmaneTs, ra verbalur da araver-
balur saSualebebs iyeneben pativiscemis, madlierebis, sibrazis
an sxva emociis gamosaxatad.
eTnografiuli kvleva SeiZleba iTvaliswinebdes responden-
tebTan intervius. am gziT moswavleebi arkveven, rogor cxov-
roben adamianebi samezobloSi, ra aris maTi mTavari sazrunavi
da a.S. amisTvis saWiroa Sesabamisi kiTxvebis momzadeba, xolo kv-
levis Sedegi klasSi unda iyos warmodgenili, gaanalizebuli da
Sefasebuli imisTvis, rom moswavleebs SeeqmnaT da ganuviTardeT
interkulturuli damokidebulebebi, codna da unarebi.
eTnografiuli gamocdilebis Sesaxeb diskusia moswavlee-
bs exmareba, CauRrmavdnen da ifiqron sakuTar ganwyobebsa da
reaqciebze imis Sesaxeb, rac naxes, gaiges, mimoixiles. am SemTx-
vevaSi diskusiis monawileebma unda imsjelon sakuTar reaqciebze.
es procesi aucilebelia TviTSefasebisa da sakuTari emociebis
marTvis unarebis gasaviTareblad.
ojaxuri RonisZiebebi (eqskursiebi, piknikebi) mniSvnelovan
eTnografiul garemos qmnis. moswavles SeuZlia, daakvirdes,
Seiswavlos sakuTari ojaxis wevrebis qcevebi da socialuri
gamocdileba. ufro rTuli, magram mniSvnelovnad efeqturia,
rodesac moswavleebi akvirdebian gansxvavebuli kulturis, eT-
nosis, religiis, socialuri jgufis warmomadgeneli ojaxebis
cxovrebas. msgavsi dakvirveba SeiZleba ganxorcieldes saklaso
eqskursiaze, dResaswaulebze, ritualur RonisZiebebze da a.S.
eTnografiuli kvlevisas miRebuli Sedegebis Sedareba sa-
Sualebas gvaZlevs, warmovaCinoT da ukeT gavecnoT ojaxur
tradiciebs, romelTa formirebaze did gavlenas axdens mraval-
ferovani kulturuli bazisebi, risi codnac gvexmareba gansx-
vavebuli gamocdilebisa da tradiciebis mimarT stereotipebis
daZlevaSi.
eTnografiuli midgomebis erT–erTi formaa zepirsityvieri
istoria, romelic moswavleebs ganacdevinebs warsulis yofiT da
kulturul aspeqtebs. ufrosi Taobis warmomadgenlebTan inter-
viuebiT, moswavleebi ecnobian axlo warsulSi arsebul socialur
garemos, Sexedulebebs, damokidebulebebs, qcevebs da acnobiere-
ben, Tu rogor da ra SinaarsiT moxda maTi transformacia.
intervius asaRebad moswavleebs gamomuSavebuli unda hqon-
deT aqtiuri msmenelis gamocdileba, gansxvavebuli Sexedule-
bebis pativiscema da msmenelisTvis angariSis gawevis unari.

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maT unda SeZlon procesis xelSewyoba, im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu
ar eTanxmebian mTxrobelis azrsa da pozicias. es procesi aris
multiperspeqtiulobis gamocdis kargi saSualeba - isini ecno-
bian Zveli Taobis warmodgenebs da amCneven droSi cvlilebis
diapazons. kerZod, zepirsityvieri istoriebis mowmeebi xSirad
saubroben maT bavSvobasa da skolaze. axali Taoba amCnevs im gan-
sxvavebebs, rac arsebobs Zveli da axali Taobis interesebsa da
SesaZleblobebSi. moswavleebi yuradRebas aqceven ara mxolod
teqnologiur cvlilebebs, aramed gansxvavebebs sxvadasxva Tao-
bis interesebs, normebs, wesebsa da qcevebs Soris.

5. filmebisa da teqstebis gamoyeneba filmis an teqstis Ser-

Cevamde, mis naxvamde an wakiTxvamde da Semdgom maswavleblis
(formalur garemoSi) da mSoblebis (araformalur garemoSi) mier
moswavleebTan aqtiur interaqciasa da ganxilvebzea damokidebu-
li am aqtivobis interkulturuli efeqti. filmebi da teqstebi,
aseve SeiZleba gaxdes moswavleTa TviTSefasebis SesaZlebloba
da gazardos maTi mzaoba, aRmoaCnon aqamde ucnobi adgilebi,
mravalferovnebasTan dakavSirebuli konfliqtebi da daZabulo-
bebi, saintereso faqtebi da realobebi.
maswavlebels SeuZlia, miznobrivad SearCios fragmentebi
filmebidan an moTxrobebidan, raTa moswavleebTan erTad ganixi-
los SemTxvevebi, rodesac mravalferovneba xdeba gansakuTrebiT
mniSvnelovani, mimzidveli an problemuri. am SemTxvevaSic sa-
survelia, Seiqmnas sadiskusio garemo, rodesac moswavleebi msj-
eloben movlenaTa SesaZlo ganviTarebaze an problemis mogva-
rebis maTeul perspeqtivaze. diskusia SeiZleba fokusirebuli
iyos imaze, Tu ratom ver axerxeben konfliqtis monawileni
erTmaneTTan komunikacias da ratom iwvevs kulturuli mraval-
ferovneba daZabulobasa da konfliqtebs.
moswavleebs SeuZliaT, CaerTon iseT aqtivobebSic, rode-
sac isini asaxiereben konfliqtis monawileTa rolebs da `sx-
vebis~ perspeqtiviT afaseben procesebs. am dros mniSvnelova-
nia, moswavleebma maT mier gansaxierebuli piris poziciebidan
Seafason filmis/teqstis Sinaarsi, saTqmeli, imsjelon Ziri-
Tad gzavnilebsa da ideebze, avtoris Canafiqrebze. ganxilvis am
etapze saWiroa, maswavlebelma msjelobis procesi daukavSiros
interkulturuli ganaTlebis problemebs da im kompetenciebs,
romelTa ganviTarebas sasurvelad Tvlis moswavleebSi.

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 msgavsi aqtivobebi zrdis multiperspeqtiulobis aRqmas mo-
swavleebSi da aviTarebs kritikul azrovnebas, SemoqmedebiTo-
basa da warmosaxvis unars.

7. socialuri media da sxva onlain instrumentebi

internetiT urTierToba TavisTavad moicavs interkul-
turuli komunikaciis elementebs. internetis saSualebiT xdeba
adamianTa did da mravalferovan jgufebs Soris Sexedulebebi-
sa da mosazrebebis gacvla. am aspeqtiT socialuri media gansa-
kuTrebiT uwyobs xels gansxvavebuli kulturis matarebeli ada-
mianebis urTierTqmedebas.
SesaZlo uaryofiTi gavlenisa da riskebis miuxedavad, so-
cialuri media da sxva onlaininstrumentebi moswavleTa inter-
kulturuli ganaTlebis mniSvnelovan instruments warmoadgens.
socialuri mediis (platformebi, Cati, sazogadoebrivi forume-
bi da sxv.) saSualebiT, moswavleebi ecnobian religiur, eTni-
kur, genderul da sxv. aqtualur sakiTxebs, faqtebs da xdebian
kulturulad kompetenturni da, socialuri mediis gamoyenebiT,
izrdeba `sxvebTan~ urTierTobisa da `kulturaTa Sexvedrebis~
SesaZlebloba da gamocdileba.
interneti saSualebas iZleva, moswavleebi monawileobdnen
globaluri vebTanamSromlobis proeqtebSi. aseT proeqtebSi mo-
swavleebi esaubrebian erTmaneTs, ganixilaven problemebsa da
Sesrulebul davalebebs. bevrisTvis es gamocdileba SeiZleba
iyos pirveli urTierToba gansxvavebuli kulturis adamianebTan.
onlain socialuri qselebi gansakuTrebiT maSin uwyobs xels
interkulturuli kompetenciis ganviTarebas, rodesac isini
orientirebulia Semdeg Temebze: globaluri moqalaqeoba an
kulturaTSorisi dialogis barierebi, mSvidoba, adgilobrivi da
saerTaSoriso konfliqtebi da maTi gadaWris perspeqtivebi. mag-
aliTad, konfliqtis warmoqmnisa da mogvarebis sxvadasxva faq-
torebis ganxilva ara mxolod saWiroebs interkulturul kompe-
tencias, aramed kidev ufro aviTarebs mas.
onlainkomunikacia aseve gvexmareba sakuTari Sexedulebis
gacnobierebaSi. am gziT moswavleebi imdidreben gamocdilebas
imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor gadmogvcemen isini da sxva adamianebi sa-
kuTar azrebs pirispir (face to face) da iribad (striqonebs Soris)
da acnobiereben, rom Cveni leqsika mdidaria paralingvisturi
maxasiaTeblebiT.

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 interkulturuli kompetenciis ganviTarebas xels uwyobs sa-
ganmanaTleblo internetresursebis mravalferovneba, romelTa
gamoyeneba uzrunvelyofs moswavleTa CarTvas informaciis gaaz-
rebasa da interpretaciaze mimarTul aqtivobebSi. Tanamedrove
onlainsazogadoebis gamocdileba moicavs ideebis gacvlas iseT
sakiTxebze, Tu rogor SeuZlia ganaTlebas, xeli Seuwyos inter-
kulturuli cnobierebisa da kompetenciis ganviTarebas.
araswori an rTuli onlainkomunikaciis SemTxvevebi SeiZle-
ba ganvixiloT, rogorc pedagogiuri gamowvevebi, romlebic
saWiroebs Semdgom gaumjobesebas. saWiroa mudmivi ganxilva imi-
sa, Tu ra iyo araswori, romeli Setyobineba aRmoCnda saziano da
rogor SeiZleba ufro efeqturi gavxadoT onlainkomunikacia.
dabolos, socialuri mediiT ganxorcielebuli aqtivobebi
saSualebas aZlevs moswavleebs, gamoimuSaon iseTi unarebi, rom-
lebic daexmarebaT, gaumklavdnen gaurkvevlobiT gamowveul
emociebs, radgan am procesSi izrdeba da farTovdeba sxva kul-
turul jgufebTan TanamSromlobis tendencia, moswavleebi
gamoimuSaveben aqtiuri mosmenis unar-Cvevebs, ukeT swvdebian sx-
vaTa ganzraxvebs da iviTareben komunikaciur cnobierebas.

3.4. feradi stikerebis aqtivoba

qvemoT aRwerilia konkretuli aqtivoba, romlis mizania mo-
swavleTa interkulturuli kompetenciis ganviTareba. aqtivoba
xels uwyobs moswavleebis mier inkluziis, gariyulobis, Tanam-
Sromlobis, konkurenciis, diskriminaciisa da crurwmenebis Ses-
axeb warmodgenebis gafarToebas. is SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes
moswavleebis mier sakuTari damokidebulebis, rwmenisa da Rire-
bulebebis Sesaxeb mosazrebebis SemuSavebis mizniT da daexmaros
maT, SeiZinon axali unarebi, srulyon interkulturuli konce-
fciebis (identoba, diskriminacia, sxvaoba, TanagrZnoba, mraval-
ferovneba, TanamSromloba da urTierTdamokidebuleba) Sesaxeb
codna.

aqtivobisTvis saWiro resursebi: farTo uwesrigo sivrce,

oTxi feris stikeri
dro: aqtivoba - 15 wuTi; ganxilva - 30 wuTi
procedura:
1. moswavleebi dgebian wreze. maswavlebeli acnobs instruq-

148
cias: a) aqtivobis dros ar saubrobT; b) Tavdapirvelad xuWavT
Tvalebs. Tvalebis gaxelis Semdeg cdilobT, imoqmedoT mxolod
mimikisa da Jestebis eniT.
2. maswavlebeli Cumad akravs monawileebs Sublze patara fe-
rad stikerebs. 20 moswavlisagan Semdgar jgufSi feradi stik-
erebi SeiZleba ase ganawildes:
 umravlesoba - lurji stikerebi 8 monawilis Sublze
 meore umravlesoba - mwvane stikerebi 6 monawilis Sublze
 pirveli umciresoba - yviTeli stikerebi 3 monawilis Sublze
 meore umciresoba - wiTeli stikerebi 2 monawilis Sublze
 erTi monawile stikeris gareSe rCeba
SeniSvna: sxvadasxva feris stikerebis gansxvavebuli raode-
noba gankuTvnilia socialuri uTanasworobis modelirebisTvis.
savaraudod, umravlesobis jgufis wevrebi ufro Tavdajerebu-
lad da aqtivobis liderebad igrZnoben Tavs.
3. maswavlebli moswavleebs sTxovs, dajgufdnen. amasTan, mo-
swavleebs ar veubnebiT, rom dajgufdnen maTi stikeris feris
mixedviT. praqtika gviCvenebs, rom msgavs SemTxvevebSi moswavlee-
bi dajgufebis swored am strategias mimarTaven. am SemTxvevaSi,
mTavaria, maT SearCion sxvebTan gaerTianebis gza da saSualeba.
saboloo jamSi, iqmneba lurjebis, mwvaneebis, yviTlebis da wi-
Tlebis jgufebi da calke gamoiyofa stikeris gareSe darCenili
monawile.
4. maswavlebeli akvirdeba monawileTa qcevas da akeTebs
Canawerebs, rasac iyenebs aqtivobis ganxilvis dros.
moswavleebi acnobiereben, rom amocanis Sesasruleblad erT-
maneTs unda daeyrdnon. mxolod sxvebs SeuZliaT dainaxon, Tu ra
feris stikeri ukeTiaT maT Sublze. dakisrebuli amocanis Ses-
asruleblad saWiroa ndoba, TanamSromloba da SemoqmedebiToba.
5. aqtivobis dasrulebis Semdeg maswavlebeli usvams Semdeg
kiTxvebs:
a) `rogor grZnobdiT Tavs, roca Tvalebi daxuWuli gqon-
daT?”. pasuxad moswavleebi ixseneben sakuTar gamocdilebas -
iyvnen Cumad, idgnen ise, rom ver xedavdnen sxvebs da a.S. umrav-
les SemTxvevaSi, ganxilvis sagnad iqceva gancda, rasac iwvevs
SezRuduli SesaZlebloba da rac diskusiisas SeiZleba ganzogad-
des realur cxovrebiseul situaciebze.
b) `ra iyo Tqveni pirveli reaqcia, rodesac Tvalebi gaaxi-
leT?”. Cveni grZnobebis ganxilva interkulturuli kompetenciis

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ganviTarebis mniSvnelovani komponentia. am etapze moswavlee-
bma SeiZleba mraval grZnobaze isaubron: martooba, gaucxoeba,
gaurkvevloba. saubrisas moswavleebi aqcents akeTeben,Tu ro-
gor grZnobdnen Tavs maTTvis ucxo da uCveulo garemoSi mox-
vedrisas. maT mier sakuTari emociis gamoxatvisas, maswavlebels
SeuZlia aqcenti gaakeTos Semdeg cnebebze: identoba, diskrimina-
cia, gansxvavebuloba da sakuTari Tavis aRqma.
g) `ras grZnobdiT, roca ver laparakobdiT?”. moswavleebi
avleben paralelebs aqtivobasa da realur cxovrebaSi arsebul
situaciebs Soris. moswavleebi yuradRebas amaxvilebel umweobis
gancdazec, rasac iwveves komunikaciuri barierebi.
d) `romel strategiebze fiqrobdiT davalebis Sesasrule-
blad?”. instruqciebis ganxilvis safuZvelze, moswavleebi Tan-
daTan acnobiereben, Tu ra tipis qceva gamoavlines jgufSi.
ganxilvis dros moswavleebma unda gaigon, rom maT SeeZloT, aer-
CiaT dajgufebis alternatiuli meTodebi, radgan maswavleblis
miTiTebebSi ar iyo xasgasmuli, rom isini ferebis mixedviT unda
dajgufebuliyvnen.
moswavleebs SeeZloT, SeeqmnaT rac SeiZleba meti qvejgufi,
romelic Sedgeboda yvela arsebuli ferisgan (mag. cisartyelas
jgufi) an gadaewyvitaT, rom aravis datovebdnen izolirebu-
lad. am sakiTxis ganxilva moswavleebs saSualebas miscemT, gaac-
nobieron, Tu rogor (ra gziT) gamoitanes daskvnebi, an kriti-
kulad gaanalizon sakuTari midrekileba danawevrebisken, asaxon
gadawyvetilebis procesi da daasabuTon an uaryon maT mier Ser-
Ceuli strategiis upiratesoba.
e) `raze dagafiqraT am aqtivobam? SeiZleba Tu ara msgavsi
situacia Seiqmnas realur cxovrebaSi?”. moswavleebi problemas
ganazogadeben sxvadasxva konteqstSi. diskusiis Sedegad, isini
acnobiereben aSkara da faruli diskriminaciuli qcevis Sedegebs
mcire jgufebis mimarT.

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 6. sazogadoebrivi saqmianobiT swavla
saxelmZRvanelos am TavSi warmodgenilia sazogadoebrivi
saqmianobis saxeebi, maTi ganxorcielebis etapebi, instrumentebi
da resursebi, romlebic dagexmarebaT Sinaarsiani da sasargeblo
proeqtis ganxorcielebaSi.

6.1. sazogadoebrivi saqmianobiT swavlis mizani da

mniSvneloba moqalaqeobrivi ganaTlebisTvis
6.1.1. sazogadoebrivi saqmianobiT swavlis adgili
moqalaqeobriv ganaTlebaSi
moqalaqeobrivi ganaTleba individebs pasuxismgeblobiT moq-
medebis survils aRuZravs. misi mizania, moswavleebSi gaaRviZos
da waaxalisos sazogadoebriv procesebSi aqtiuri monawileobis
survili. moswavleebi mzad unda iyvnen, sakuTari SefasebiTi msj-
elobiT miRebuli gadawyvetilebebi pasuxismgeblian qmedebad aq-
cion maSinac ki, roca zewolas ganicdian an sakuTari interesebis
ugulebelyofa uwevT. moqalaqeobrivi ganaTleba niSnavs moswav-
leTa (a) sazogadoebriv wignierebas, (b) kritikul azrovnebas da
gansazRvruli damokidebulebebisa da Rirebulebebis ganviTare-
bas da (g) aqtiur monawileobas (Euridyce, 2005). moqalaqeobrivi
ganaTlebis swored am sami mimarTulebis mixedviT ganisazRvra
ZiriTadi/sakvanZo moqalaqeobrivi kompetenciebi.

sakvanZo demokratiuli moqalaqeobis aspeqtebi

kompetencia
codna da  demokratiis koncefciebi
xedva  demokratiuli moqalaqeobis koncefciebi
 demokratiis funqcionireba (maT Soris, samoqalaqo sazoga-
doebis)
 kanonmdebloba da politikuri gadawyvetilebebis miReba
 moqalaqeTa uflebebi da pasuxismgeblobebi
 politikuri partiebisa da interesTa jgufebis roli
 gadawyvetilebis miRebaSi monawileobis gzebi
 politikis Seqmnaze gavlena
 mimdinare politikuri problemebi

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damokideb-  socialuri da politikuri sakiTxebisadmi interesi
ulebebi da  erovnuli identobis mimarTeba demokratiasTan/demokrati-
Sexedule-
bebi ul moqalaqeobasTan
 politikuri ndoba (sicxade)
 politikuri efeqturoba
 TviTdisciplina
 erTguleba
 tolerantoba da sakuTari mikerZoebebis aRiareba
 sxvebis pativiscema
 msoflio Rirebulebebis dafaseba (demokratia/ socialuri
samarTlianoba/ adamianis uflebebi)
inteleq-  sxvadasxva mediidan politikuri informaciis Tavmoyra da
tualuri analizi
unarebi
 kritikuli damokidebuleba informaciisadmi, politikisad-
mi, Sexedulebebisadmi
 komunikaciis unarebi (msjeloba, diskusia, sakuTari mosaz-
rebis gamoTqma)
 procesebis, instituciebis, funqciebis da a.S. aRwera
 araZaladobrivi konfliqtebis gamoyeneba
 pasuxismgeblobis aReba
 gansjis unari
 arCevanis gakeTeba / sakuTari poziciis gansazRvra
monawileo-  politikasa da gadawyvetilebebze gavlena (Suamdgomloba da
bis unarebi lobireba)
 koaliciebis Seqmna da partnior organizaciebTan TanamS-
romloba
 politikur diskusiebSi monawileoba
 sazogadoebriv da politikur procesebSi monawileoba
(politikuri partiis, interesTa jgufis wevroba, xmis mice-
ma, werili dawera, demonstraciaSi monawileoba da sxv.)

moqalaqeobrivi ganaTlebis warmatebuli gamocdileba,

romelsac Sedegad moswavleebSi zemoxsenebuli kompetenciebis
ganviTareba da efeqturi moqalaqeebis aRzrda mosdevs, ZiriTa-
dad eqvsi mimarTulebiT vlindeba (Schmitz , 2012):
1. formalur swavlebaSi interaqtiuli meTodebis gamoyeneba,
romelic `realur cxovrebiseul~ situaciebs sTavazobs moswav-
leebs. am mimarTulebiT skolas mudmivi da Tanmimdevruli Zal-

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isxmeva sWirdeba, rom formaluri swavleba moswavleebis cxovre-
bas daukavSiros.
2. diskusia mimdinare adgilobriv, erovnul Tu saerTaSori-
so movlenebze, romlebic mniSvnelovania moswavleTa Tu sazoga-
doebriv cxovrebaSi. saklaso diskusiisas, wonasworoba daculia,
Sesatyvisi informacia poziciebis mxardasaWerad logikurad
gamoiyeneba, yoveli moswavlis xma/mosazreba mniSvnelovania da
kiTxvebi Riaa.
3. sazogadoebrivi saqmianobiT swavla ukavSirdeba formalur
kurikulumsa da saklaso swavlas. es aris pedagogiuri midgoma,
romelic akavSirebs: (1) moswavleze orientirebul sazogadoe-
briv saqmianobasa da (2) inteleqtualur Ziebasa da refleqsias.
is, erTi mxriv, amdidrebs swavlis gamocdilebas, aswavlis samoqa-
laqo pasuxismgeblobas da, meore mxriv, aZlierebs sazogadoebas.
sazogadoebrivi saqmianobiT swavlis magaliTebia arakomerciul
organizaciaSi muSaoba, sazogadoebis liderebis mier organize-
bul SexvedrebSi monawileoba, arCevnebis Sefaseba da angariSis
momzadeba da sxv.
4. araformaluri ganaTlebis aqtivobebi xels uwyobs skoli-
sa da Temis CarTulobisa da urTierTkavSiris gaZlierebas. mag-
aliTebad SeiZleba davasaxeloT skolis klubi, skolis gazeTi,
skolis TviTmmarTveloba da sxv.
5. avTenturi xma skolis TviTmmarTvelobaSi waaxalisebs mo-
swavleebs, gamoxaton sakuTari mosazreba da pativi scen sxvis
azrs, rasac, saboloo Sedegad, skolis ganviTareba mohyveba.
magaliTebad SeiZleba dasaxeldes saskolo organizaciebi, Tana-
tolTa mediacia, saskolo TviTmmarTveloba da sxv.
6. monawileoba demokratiuli struqturisa da procesebis
simulaciebSi, rac xels uwyobs kurikulumis ganviTarebas. mag-
aliTebi: saklaso simulaciebi, araformaluri ganaTlebis aq-
tivobebi, xelisuflebis saqmianobis, gaerTianebuli erebis simu-
lacia da sxv.
warmatebuli gamocdilebis strategiebidan amjerad vrclad
mxolod sazogadoebrivi saqmianobiT swavlas (sss) SevexebiT. is
swavlis gamorCeuli strategiaa, romelic moswavleebs waaxal-
isebs, akademiuri codna da unarebi Temis realuri saWiroebebis
dasakmayofileblad gamoiyenon. sss gamocdilebaze dafuZneb-
uli midgomaa, romelic moswavleebs `SeumCnevlad~ rTavs swav-
lis procesSi, saSualebas aZlevs, gansazRvron da gadaWran is

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sakiTxebi, romlebic realurad mniSvnelovania maTi skolisa da
TemisaTvis (Guilfoile & Delander, 2014).

6.1.2. ra aris sazogadoebrivi saqmianobiT swavla - sss?

sazogadoebrivi saqmianobiT swavlas, rogorc saganmanaTle-
blo midgomas, xangrZilivi istoria aqvs. bevri mis fesvebs jon
diuisa da Jan piaJes naSromebSi poulobs, zogi ki ufro Sors,
aleqsis de tokvilamde midis. am filosofosebs sjerodaT, rom
swavla mxolod maSin aris SesaZlebeli, rodesac moswavleebi aq-
tiurad arian CarTulni swavlis procesSi da rodesac swavlas
konkretuli mizani aqvs. miuxedavad xangrZlivi istoriisa, sss–s
mraval ganmartebas SevxvdebiT da misi ganmartebis Sesaxeb disku-
sia xSirad mxareTa Soris uTanxmoebis safuZveli xdeba.
uTanxmoeba gansakuTrebiT maSin mwvavdeba, roca cdiloben
sss–s gamijvnas sxva, gamocdilebaze dafuZnebuli saganmanaTle-
blo midgomebisgan, rogorebicaa moxaliseoba, sazogadoebrivi
saqmianoba, staJireba, savele swavla an sxvadasxva asakobrivi
jgufis warmomadgenel moswavleTa urTierTswavla.
erT–erTi ganmartebiT, sss nebismieri saqmianobis iseTi ga-
mocdilebaa, romelsac yuradRebiT vakvirdebiT, romelSic mo-
swavles gansazRvruli saswavlo miznebi aqvs da aqtiurad fiqrobs
imaze, Tu ra iswavla am gamocdilebiT.
termini sazogadoebrivi saqmianobiT swavla gulisxmobs
meTods, romlis drosac, moswavleebi an monawileebi swavloben
gaazrebulad, organizebul saqmianobaSi aqtiuri monawileobiT.
sss ramdenime TaviseburebiT xasiaTdeba:
 exmianeba sazogadoebis saWiroebebs;
 SesaZlebelia daigegmos swavlis nebismier safexurze (dawye-
biTi, sabazo, saSualo, umaRlesi);
 xels uwyobs moqalaqeobrivi pasuxismgeblobis ganviTarebas;
 integrirebulia, aZlierebs da afarToebs (ZiriTad) akade-
miur kurikulums an sazogadoebrivi saqmianobis programebis
saganmanaTleblo komponentebs, romelSic moswavleebi monaw-
ileoben;
 moswavleebs sTavazobs struqturirebul dros miRebul ga-
mocdilebaze fiqrisTvis.

sss aris `sazogadoebis ganviTarebis filosofia, pedagogi-

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ka da modeli, romelic gamoiyeneba, rogorc swavlis strategia
saswavlo miznebisa da/an Sinaarsobrivi standartis Sesabamisad~
(National Youth Leadership Council, 2019).
sss swavlis meTodi aerTianebs akademiur miznebsa da sazoga-
doebrivi saqmianobis proeqtebs. moswavleebi sakuTari praqtiku-
li saqmianobis safuZvelze axorcieleben sazogadoebisTvis mniS-
vnelovan proeqtebs da dadebiTi cvlilebis xelSemwyobebi arian.
sss–s yvelaze didi xibli is gaxlavT, rom raRac realuri da
konkretuli keTdeba. swavla sxva ganzomilebaSi gadadis. roca
moswavleebi inteleqtualurad da emociurad CarTulebi arian
sakiTxSi, raRac axals aRmoaCenen an calkeul ideebs Soris kav-
Sirebs daamyareben. is, rac skolaSi iswavles, uceb mniSvnelovani
xdeba da maT gonebas da guls iTrevs (Kaye, 2004).
sss sazogadoebis keTildReobaze mimarTuli midgomebidan
(mag. moxaliseoba) yvelaze metad aris moswavleze orientirebu-
li. ZiriTadi yuradReba moswavlis gamocdilebas eqceva da mTe-
li procesi imazea mimarTuli, rom moswavlem SeZlebisdagvarad
meti iswavlos. kidev erTi gamorCeuli Tavisebureba is aris, rom
sss–iT Tanabrad mogebulia, rogorc moswavle, ise sazogadoeba.
ganmartebaTa siuxvis miuxedavad, arsebobs sss–s ZiriTadi
komponentebi, rogorebicaa aqtiuri monawileoba, kargad organi-
zebuli gamocdileba, Temis saWiroebebze orientireba da skoli-
sa da Temis koordinireba, akademiuri kurikulumis integracia,
fiqrisTvis struqturirebuli dro, unarebisa da codnis gamoy-
enebis SesaZlebloba, swavlis gafarToebuli SesaZlebloba da sx-
vebze zrunvis grZnobis ganviTareba.
endriu furko azustebs ganmartebas imis miTiTebiT, rom sss
gamiznulad organizebulia, rom `Tanabari sargebeli moutanos
saqmianobis mimwodebelsac da mimRebsac da uzrunvelyos Tana-
bari yuradReba rogorc ganxorcielebul saqmianobaze, aseve,
swavlaze~.
amrigad, sss swavlis struqturirebuli gamocdilebaa, ro-
melic moicavs TemisTvis saqmianobas, mis samsaxurs zusti sas-
wavlo miznebiT, momzadebiTa da refleqsiiT.

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 sss–s sazogadoebis/Temis CarTulobiT swavlasac uwode-
ben, radgan is saswavlo miznebsa da sazogadoebis samsaxurs
aerTianebs ise, rom xels uwyobs moswavleTa ganviTarebasac da
sazogadoebis keTildReobasac. is swavlis strategiaa, romelic
aerTianebs mniSvnelovan sazogadoebriv saqmianobas swavlasTan
da azrovnebasTan, riTic xels uwyobs swavlis gamocdilebas, as-
wavlis samoqalaqo pasuxismgeblobas da aZlierebs Tems (National
Service Learning Clearinghouse).
sss procesSi moswavleebi pirovnul da sazogadoebis ganvi-
Tarebas akademiur da kognitur ganviTarebas ukavSireben. ga-
mocdileba xels uwyobs gagebas, xolo gagebas ufro efeqturi
qmedeba mohyveba (Eyler & Giles, 2003).
sss gamocdilebis safuZvelze swavlis formaa, romelic:
 muSavdeba, xorcieldeba da fasdeba sazogadoebasTan TanamS-
romlobiT;
 pasuxobs sazogadoebis mier gansazRvrul saWiroebebs;
 cdilobs, daicvas wonasworoba miwodebul momsaxurebasa da
swavlas Soris;
 aZlierebs kurikulums swavlis gafarToebiT klasis farglebs
gareT da saSualebas aZlevs moswavleebs, naswavli gamoiyenon
cxovrebiseul situaciebSi;
 iZleva kritikuli azrovnebis SesaZleblobebs.

rogorc wesi, sazogadoebis CarTulobas kurikulumi sx-

vadasxva proeqtis saSualebiT iTvaliswinebs, romelTa mizani
swavla da sazogadoebrivi saqmianobaa. proeqti igegmeba mas-
wavleblebisa da samTavrobo da arasamTavrobo organizaciebis
partniorobis safuZvelze. igulisxmeba, rom proeqtis fargleb-

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Si moswavleebma saswavlo kursis Sinaarsi sazogadoebrivi saqmi-
anobis Sesasruleblad unda gamoiyenon. es moswavleebs realur
pirobebSi gamocdilebiT swavlis SesaZleblobas aZlevs da mniS-
vnelovani moTxovnilebebis dasakmayofileblad sazogadoebriv
saqmianobaSi CarTvis unarebs uviTarebs.
akademiur disciplinebsa da sss–s Soris kavSiri orgvarad
SeiZleba damyardes:
1) daviwyoT sazogadoebrivi saqmianobis proeqtiT da ganvsaz-
RvroT proeqtis Sesatyvisi kurikulumis miznebi;
an
2) ganvsazRvroT specifikuri saswavlo miznebi da vimuSaoT
moswavleebTan erTad imisTvis, rom moviZioT Sesatyvisi sazoga-
doebrivi saqmianobis proeqti am miznebis miRwevisTvis. sss–s
proeqtebisTvis sakiTxebi moicavs sakvebis mdgradobas, SimSil-
sa da usaxlkarobas, bulings, rasobriv dapirispirebas, stiqi-
uri safrTxeebisTvis momzadebas da sxv. moswavleebs SeuZliaT,
gamoiyenon interneti an Temis wevrTa gamokiTxva imisTvis, rom
zustad gansazRvron ideebi Temis/sazogadoebisTvis Sesabamisi
samsaxuris gasawevad.

6.1.3. ra sargebloba moaqvs sss-s?

kvlevebi adasturebs (Billing, 2000; McMahon, 2012), rom moswav-
leTa 80% sss–s Zalian sasargeblod miiCnevs. TviT moswavleebi
aRiareben, rom ganuviTardaT komunikaciis, TviTSefasebisa da
sxva unarebi da ufro meti Seityves sazogadoebis saWiroebebis
Sesaxeb. moswavleTa 76%–is saSualo akademiuri maCvenebeli gaum-
jobesda. isini metad interesdebodnen saswavlo procesiT, ufro
punqtualurebi gaxdnen da siRrmiseulad swavlobdnen. amas gar-
da, sazogadoebrivi saqmianobiT swavlam ramdenime mniSvnelovani
cvlileba daadastura:
 is exmareba moswavleebs, daamyaron kavSirebi sxvadasxva akade-
miur disciplinas Soris, interdisciplinuri swavlis midgo-
mis saSualebiT;
 waaxalisebs maT, pozitiuri wvlili Seitanon Temis cxovre-
baSi da, imavdroulad, xels uwyobs kurikulumis miznebis
miRwevas;
 xels uwyobs praqtikul swavlas da swavlis praqtikuli mx-
aris gaazrebas;

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 aumjobesebs akademiur moswrebas, daswrebis maCveneblebsa da
saklaso CarTulobas;
 xels uwyobs urTierTpativiscemas da dadebiT klimats;
 amaRlebs TviTSefasebas, Tanaziarobasa da pasuxismgeblobas;
 amaRlebs cnobierebas sazogadoebis saWiroebebisa da prob-
lemebis Sesaxeb lokalur da globalur doneebze;
 aumjobesebs saklaso urTierTobebs.

sss–s udidesi upiratesoba is aris, rom SesaZlebelia misi

moqnilad gamoyeneba sxvadasxva asakis, saswavlo garemos, kuriku-
lumis moTxovnebisa da vadebis Sesatyvisad da moswavleebs saku-
Tari saswavlo gamocdilebis TanaSemoqmedebad aqcevs.
warmatebuli sss–s SemTxvevaSi, sargebels naxuloben moswav-
leebi, maswavleblebi, Temi/sazogadoeba. sss–s sargebeli ramden-
ime mimarTulebiT da doneze SeiZleba warmovadginoT: swavlis
sargebeli, pirovnuli sargebeli, sargebeli Temis/ sazogadoebi-
sTvis, profesiuli winsvla, sxvadasxva instituciebTan urTier-
Toba.

ganvixiloT TiToeuli maTgani:

1. swavlis sargebeli:
 dadebiTi gavlena aqvs moswavleTa akademiur maCveneblebze;
 aviTarebs moswavleTa unars, naswavli gamoiyenon realur
cxovrebaSi;
 dadebiTi gavlena aqvs iseT zogad unarebze, rogorebicaa,
gaazreba, problemis analizi, problemis gadaWra, kritikuli
azrovneba da Semecneba;
 viTardeba sirTulesTan da bundovanebasTan gamklavebis un-
ari.

2. pirovnuli sargebeli:
 pirovnuli efeqturobis zrda, identobis Camoyalibeba, suli-
eri da moraluri ganviTareba;
 pirovnebaTaSorisi urTierTobebis, gansakuTrebiT, sxvebTan
Sewyobilad muSaobis, ganviTareba, liderobisa da komunika-
ciis unarebis srulyofa.

3. Temis/sazogadoebis sargebeli:

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 stereotipuli damokidebulebebis Semcireba da interkul-
turuli urTierTobebis ganviTareba;
 sazogadoebrivi pasuxismgeblobisa da moqalaqeobrivi un-
arebis srulyofa;
 skolis dasrulebis Semdgom ufro aqtiuri sazogadoebrivi
saqmianoba.

4. profesiuli winsvla:
 kavSirebi profesionalebTan da, zogadad, sazogadoebis
wevrebTan, swavlisa da profesiuli winsvlis SesaZleblobebi-
sTvis;
 akademiuri warmateba, liderobis unarebi da pirovnuli efeq-
turoba afarToebs profesiuli zrdis SesaZleblobebs.

5. instituciebTan urTierToba:
 akademiur personalTan mWidro urTierToba;
 kmayofilebis zrda skolis farglebSi da mis miRma instituc-
iebSi;
 kursdamTavrebulTa maRali akademiuri maCveneblebi.

sazogadoebrivi saqmianobiT swavlis integrireba kurikulum-

Si
sss–s arsebul kursebSi an zogadad kurikulumSi integ-
rirebis mravali gza arsebobs, rac damokidebulia saswavlo
miznebze, klasSi moswavleTa raodenobaze, maT akademiur maCvene-
blebze da sazogadoebasTan TanamSromlobaze. gTavazobT ram-
denime gavrcelebul formas:

erTjeradi saqmianobis/momsaxurebis proeqti: zogierTi dis-

ciplinis miznebis miRwevas amgvari proeqti Zalze aadvilebs. am
SemTxvevaSi, saqmianoba semestris dawyebamde igegmeba da saswav-
lo gegmis nawili xdeba. es forma akademiuri personalisa da
moswavleTa interaqcias aumjobesebs saqmianobis dagegmvisa da
gamocdilebis gaziarebis gziT.
sapilote sagnobrivi proeqti: bevri maswavlebeli Temis/
sazogadoebis CarTvas sapilote proeqtiT iwyebs. sagnobrivi
proeqtis farglebSi moswavleebs SeuZliaT, CaerTon sss pro-
eqtSi. sagnis farglebSi Sesasrulebeli samuSaos nawili Canacv-
lebulia sss–is komponentiT. magaliTad, tradiciuli kvleviTi

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naSromi an jgufuri proeqti SesaZlebelia Canacvldes eqsperi-
mentuli kvleviTi naSromiT an personaluri JurnaliT, romelic
cxadyofs saqmianobiT/momsaxurebiT swavlis gamocdilebas.
savaldebulo sagnobrivi proeqti: am SemTxvevaSi moswavleebis
monawileoba saqmianobaSi/momsaxurebaSi disciplinis integrire-
buli aspeqtia. es molodini naTlad unda iyos axsnili kursis
farglebSi pirvelive Sexvedraze, aseve, warmodgenili unda iyos
saswavlo gegmaSi, mkafio dasabuTebiT, sss–s komponentis kursSi
integrirebis Taobaze. roca yvela moswavle CarTulia proeqt-
Si, gacilebiT advilia iseTi saqmianobis dagegmva (mag. saklaso
diskusia, weriTi davaleba, sagamocdo kiTxvebi), romelic saqmi-
anobis/momsaxurebis miznebsa da kursis miznebs gaaerTianebs.
aqtivobebma, SesaZloa, moicvas konkretuli organizaciis per-
sonalis klasSi stumrobac da, piriqiT, moswavleebis viziti
organizaciaSi. gamocdileba adasturebs, rom sazogadoebasTan
TanamSromlobiTi kavSirebis ganviTareba bevrad martivia, roca
semestris ganmavlobaSi moswavleTa erTnairi raodenoba aris
CarTuli proeqtSi.
praqtikis kvlevis proeqti: moswavleebi erTvebian iseT
sazogadoebriv proeqtebSi, romelic sazogadoebis saWiroebebs
exmianeba. amgvari proeqtis momzadeba da ganxorcieleba ndobaze
damyarebuli urTierTobebis CamoyalibebisTvis did drosa da kv-
levis saerTo miznebis gansazRvras moiTxovs. praqtikis kvlevam
SesaZloa xeli Seuwyos sagnobriv kaTedraze mimdinare kvlevas
da, piriqiT. amgvari kvlevis sazRvrebis gafarToeba skolis da
saswavlo drois farglebs miRma SesaZloa yvela monawilisTvis
momgebiani iyos.
Semajamebeli sagnobrivi proeqti: Temis/sazogadoebis CarT-
va xels uwyobs konkretuli disciplinis farglebSi moswavle-
Ta mier dagrovili codnis ganviTarebas da am codnis realur
cxovrebiseul situaciebSi integraciis saucxoo TvalsaCinoebaa.
moswavleebs SeuZliaT, TvalsaCinod dainaxon, rogor gamoiyeneba
konkretuli sagnis farglebSi maTi gamocdileba da kompetencia
Temis/sazogadoebisTvis mniSvnelovani saWiroebebis dasakmayo-
fileblad.
multidisciplinuri proeqti: sazogadoebis CarTulobis
proeqtebi, erTi an mravali partnioris monawileobiT, SesaZloa
ganivrcos sxvadasxva disciplinaze erTi semestris ganmavlobaSi,
an mraval disciplinaze erTi an meti wlis ganmavlobaSi. amgvari

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proeqtebi sakmarisad farToa, rom mravali disciplinis saswav-
lo miznebs Seesatyvisebodes. swored amis gamo maT, SesaZloa,
kumulaciuri Sedegi hqondeT, rogorc moswavleTa akademiur
maCveneblebze, aseve, Temis/sazogadoebis ganviTarebaze.

6.1.4. zogadi rekomendaciebi sss-sTvis

gTavazobT sss–s saklaso realobaSi danergvis ramdenime
zogad rCevas, romelic dagvexmareba, TvalsaCinod davinaxoT
misi upiratesobebi moswavleTa saskolo cxovrebaSi.
warmatebul sss–s garkveuli formati aqvs, rac mis monawileebs
miznebis miRwevaSi uwyobs xels. calkeuli etapisTvis detaluri
gegmis Seqmna saSualebas gvaZlevs, mTlianobaSi warmovidginoT
saqmianoba, davainteresoT moswavleebi da davicvaT warmatebis
miRwevisTvis aucilebeli ZiriTadi standartebi. ganvixiloT
sqemis ramdenime ZiriTadi punqti, romelic qvemoT sqemis saxiT
aris warmodgenili:

momzadeba – am safexurze maswavlebeli sakuTar Tavsac da

moswavleebsac amzadebs sss–Si CarTvisTvis. SesaZloa, daiwyoT im
proeqtis SerCeviT, romelze muSaobac gsurT; imaze fiqriT, ro-
gor daukavSiroT es proeqti saswavlo programas; moswavleTa da
adgilobriv organizaciaTa SesaZlo kavSirebze fiqriT; sazoga-
doebis saWiroebebze saubriTa da moswavleTa interesis aRZvri-
Ta da qmedebisTvis momzadebiT. darwmunebuli unda iyoT, rom

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Tqven mier SerCeuli proeqti aqtualuria/relevanturia sazoga-
doebisTvis.

mniSvnelovania, rom am da yvela momdevno etapze moswavleTa

interesis SenarCunebisTvis maT hqondeT xmis ufleba. magali-
Tad, SesaZloa, klasma kenWi uyaros, Tu romeli sazogadoebrivi
sakiTxis mxardaWera surT, an proeqtSi ra individualuri wvli-
lis Setanas isurvebdnen.

moswavleebma gadasaWreli problemis Sesaxeb SeiZleba gaigon

Semdegi saSualebebiT:
 saklaso an mcire jgufebSi diskusiiT;
 gonebrivi ieriSiT;
 wignebiT;
 internetkvleviT;
 axali ambebis anonsiT;
 infografikiT;
 multimediaresursebiT.

moqmedeba – es praqtikuli komponentia, romlis drosac mo-

swavleebs SeuZliaT, gamoiyenon naswavli da miusadagon is re-
alur sazogadoebriv saqmianobas. am etapze moswavleebi uSua-
lod exmarebian sazogadoebis wevrebs da maT, viszec arsebulma
problemam imoqmeda.
moswavleebs SeuZliaT, TemisTvis saqmianobis Semdegi gzebi
SearCion:
 savele gasvlebi;
 kvleviTi proeqtebi;
 RonisZiebebi;
 xelgarjiloba/xelosnoba;
 fondebis mozidva;
 swavla;
 sainformacio kampania;
 sxvadasxva momsaxureba (dasufTaveba, mSenebloba, gamwvaneba
da sxv.).

gaazreba – es etapi saSualebas aZlevs moswavleebs, gaiazron

ganxorcielebuli sazogadoebrivi saqmianoba, gaaanalizon, ra
iswavles da rogor gamoiyeneben naswavls saswavlo programaSi.

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amgvari refleqsia waxalisebuli unda iyos yvela etapze, Tumca
am safexurze procesi ufro siRrmiseulia da moswavleebs saSu-
alebas aZlevs, dafiqrdnen, ra iswavles da ras grZnoben im saqmi-
anobis Sesaxeb, romelic sazogadoebisTvis ganaxorcieles.
moswavleebs, sakuTar gamocdilebaze refleqsiisas, SeuZli-
aT gamoyenon:
 jgufuri diskusia;
 JurnalSi Canawerebi;
 samuSao furclebi;
 esse;
 blogi;
 video;
 leqsi an simRera;
 naxati/foto gamofena.

demonstrireba – moswavleebs SeuZliaT, klass, skolas an

sazogadoebas aCvenon/gaacnon, ra iswavles proeqtis farglebSi
problemis da misi gadaWris gzebis Sesaxeb. es saSualebas aZlevT,
ufro siRrmiseulad gaiazron sazogadoebaSi arsebuli proble-
mebi da is, Tu ra wvlilis Setana SeuZliaT mis gadaWraSi sxva
adamianebs.
moswavleebs SeuZliaT, TvalsaCinod warmoadginon naswavli
Semdegi saSualebebiT:
 daskvniTi prezentacia;
 sketCi;
 slaidSou;
 video;
 infografika;
 grafikebi/diagramebi;
 wigni/portfolio.

miRwevis aRniSvna – moswavleebs SeuZliaT, miulocon sakuTar

Tavebsa da sxvebs sazogadoebisTvis gaweuli samsaxuri da prob-
lemis mogvarebaSi Setanili wvlili.
am etapze Sedegebze metad mniSvnelovania Zalisxmevis xazgas-
ma. cxadia, araCveulebrivia dadebiTi Sedegis aRniSvna, magram um-
niSvnelovanesi moswavleTa Tavdadebuli Sroma da erTgulebaa.
moswavleebma muyaiToba da warmateba SesaZloa Semdegi for-
miT aRniSnon:

163
 madlierebis baraTebi an mcire saCuqrebi TanatolebisTvis da
Temis wevrebisTvis;
 aRiarebiT skolis Sekrebaze an socialur mediaSi;
 sakuTari Zalisxmevis Sedegebze msjelobiT;
 saklaso wveulebiT (pica, tkbileuli da sxv.).

sazogadoebrivi saqmianobiT swavlis gegmis Seqmnis SesaZle-

blobebi usazRvroa da am procesSi, rogorc zogadad, swavleba-
Si, mniSvnelovania SemoqmedebiTi midgoma. mudam unda gvaxsovdes,
rom sss–s warmatebuli gegma TanamSromlobiTi swavlis xelSewy-
obis saukeTeso saSualebaa da waaxalisebs jansaR komunikaciasa
da refleqsias.
SesaZloa, gegmis yvelaze mniSvnelovani nawili iyos sazoga-
doebrivi saqmianobiT swavlisTvis sakiTxis/proeqtis SerCeva. am
procesSi aucilebelia sazogadoebaSi arsebul, sazogadoebisT-
vis relevantur problemaze orientireba. aseve, mniSvnelovania,
darwmundeT, rom SesaZlebelia saswavlo programasTan SerCeuli
sakiTxis/proeqtis dakavSireba. saorientaciod gTavazobT ram-
denime magaliTs, romelic gegmis Seqmnisas SeiZleba gamogadgeT:

1) sakiTxi: wigniereba
momzadeba: auxseniT moswavleebs wignierebis mniSvneloba da
wignierebis dabali donis Sedegebi adamianisa da sazogadoebisT-
vis.
moqmedeba: SeagroveT wignebi da gadaeciT dabalSemosavlian
skolebs, an sabazo da saSualo safexuris moswavleebs daavaleT,
aswavlon kiTxva dawyebiTi safexuris moswavleebs. gaxdiT wig-
nierebis xelSemwyobi adgilobrivi sazogadoebrivi organizaciis
partniori.

2) sakiTxi: cxovelebze zrunva

momzadeba: aswavleT moswavleebs cxovelTa TavSesafris, ay-
vanis, reabilitaciisa da cxovelebisadmi sastikad mopyrobis Ta-
vidan acilebis Sesaxeb.
moqmedeba: SeagroveT cxovelebis sakvebi da saTamaSoebi ad-
gilobrivi humanitaruli organizaciis daxmarebiT, xolo Semdeg
dagegmeT savele gasvla TavSesafarSi cxovelebis mosanaxule-
blad da maT dasaxmareblad.

164
 3) sakiTxi: siRaribe da SimSili
momzadeba: aswavleT moswavleebs maT sazogadoebaSi arseb-
uli siRaribisa da SimSilis da maTi uaryofiTi gavlenis Ses-
axeb bavSvis ganviTarebasa da janmrTelobaze. isaubreT imaze, Tu
risi gakeTeba SegviZlia mowyvladi jgufebis dasaxmareblad.
moqmedeba: daukavSirdiT adgilobriv organizacias, romelic
ibrZvis siRaribis winaaRmdeg da maTi rekomendaciiT, moswavlee-
bTan erTad, Tavi mouyareT im sursaTsa da sagnebs, romlebic
aucilebelia mowyvladi jgufebisTvis.

4) sakiTxi: garemo
momzadeba: imsjeleT aqtualur ekologiur problemebze;
dedamiwaze mavne narCenebis gavlenisa da maTi Semcirebis gzebis
Sesaxeb. isaubreT `Seamcire, gadaamuSave, xelaxla gamoiyene~ cik-
lis mniSvnelobaze, garemoze zrunvis TvalsazrisiT.
moqmedeba: dasaxeT skolaSi narCenebis xelaxla gamoyenebis
SesaZlo gzebi (mag. makulaturis Segroveba). gaacaniT skolis
personalsa da moswavleebs, risi gadamuSaveba SeiZleba da risi –
ara. moamzadeT mokle informaciuli plakatebi.

5) sakiTxi: mravalferovneba da inkluzia

momzadeba: esaubreT moswavleebs uTanasworobis Sesaxeb.
gansazRvreT da auxseniT mravalferovnebisa da tolerantobis
mniSvneloba. imsjeleT im gzebis Sesaxeb, rogor SeuZliaT mo-
swavleebs mravalferovnebis mxardaWera yoveldRiur cxovre-
baSi.
moqmedeba: moswavleebTan erTad dagegmeT da umaspinZleT
skolaSi `mravalferovnebis dResTan~ dakavSirebul RonisZiebas.
moswavleebi gaecnobian TanatolTa gansxvavebul kulturebsa da
jgufebs. gaxdiT mravalferovnebisa da inkluziiis xelSemwyobi
adgilobrivi organizaciis partniori.
ar aqvs mniSvneloba, romel proeqts airCevT, radgan, nebis-
mier SemTxvevaSi, sazogadoebrivi saqmianobiT swavla akademiuri
miznebis miRwevis, gunduri muSaobisa da urTierTobis xelSewyo-
bis da skolis dadebiTi kulturis Camoyalibebis araCveulebrivi
gzaa.

165
 6,2. sazogadoebrivi saqmianobiT swavlis proeqtis gegma da
Sefasebis instrumentebi
6.2.1. sazogadoebrivi saqmianobiT swavlis formebi da
upiratesobebi
sazogadoebrivi saqmianobiT swavla aris swavlis inovaciuri
midgoma, romelic aerTianebs sazogadoebriv muSaobas, saklaso
oTaxSi swavlasa da refleqsias. koordinirebuli da gaazrebu-
li aqtivobebi xels uwyobs moswavleebs, gamoiyenon akademiuri
unarebi sazogadoebisTvis efeqturi momsaxurebis gawevisTvis.
sazogadoebrivi saqmianobiT swavlis procesSi moswavle infor-
maciis pasiuri mimRebidan sazogadoebis aqtiur wevrad iqceva.
sazogadoebrivi saqmianobiT swavla aramarto swavlebis wess cv-
lis, aramed sazogadoebis Sexedulebasac ganaTlebisa da momsax-
urebis Sesaxeb.

sazogadoebrivi saqmianobiT swavlis aprobirebuli formebia:

a) pirdapiri momsaxureba - moicavs moswavleTa CarTulo-
bas interpersonalur doneze. CarTuloba xorcieldeba momsax-
urebis adgilze. pirdapiri servisis magaliTebia: repetitoroba,
moxucebisTvis literaturis gacnoba/kiTxva, axalgazrduli aq-
tivobis xelmZRvaneloba dabalSemosavlian regionebSi.
b) arapirdapiri momsaxureba - moswavleebi asruleben sazoga-
doebriv saqmianobas, Temis warmomadgenlebTan pirdapiri urT-
ierTobis gareSe. arapirdapiri momsaxurebis magaliTebia: qvel-
moqmedebisTvis saxsrebis moZiebis mizniT, RonisZiebis dagegmva,
socialuri mediis ganviTareba, adgilobrivi arakomerciuli or-
ganizaciebisaTvis plakatebis an flaerebis damzadeba, parkis da-
sufTaveba da sxva.

jer kidev XIX saukuneSi tokvilma SeniSna, rom amerikeleb-

Si samsaxurebrivi eTika aRZravda survils, TavianTi drois da
qonebis nawili sazogadoebis keTildReobisTvis mieZRvnaT. am
eTikis saSualebiT, amerikelebma gamoxates rwmena erTmaneTis
daxmarebis mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb. erT-erTi gza, romliTac es
Rirebuleba SeiZleba gadaeces axalgazrda Taobebs, aris maTi
CarTva sazogadoebriv saqmianobaSi - rodesac axalgazrda ir-
gebs sazogadoebis aqtiuri wevris rols da akmayofilebs sxva-
Ta saWiroebebs. jon diuim daadgina, rom demokratiuli Cvevebi
yvelaze efeqturad maSin miiRweva, rodesac moswavleebi, peda-
166
gogebi da Temi aqtiurad muSaobs sazogadoebis moTxovnilebebis
dasakmayofileblad.

sazogadoebrivi momsaxurebiT swavlasTan dakavSirebuli

proeqti sam etapad mimdinareobs: 1. dagegmva da momzadeba; 2.
moqmedeba da 3. Sefaseba,

sazogadoebrivi momsaxurebiT swavlisas, moswavleebi:

 qmnian an aZliereben kavSirebs TemTan;
 swavloben TanagrZnobas sxvadasxva adamianTan, organizacias-
Tan muSaobiT;
 iTviseben gunduri muSaobis stils sazogadoebaze pozitiuri
gavlenis mosaxdenad;
 praqtikaSi gamoyenebiT, iviTareben akademiur codnasa da un-
arebs.

proeqtze samuSaod mTeli klasis CarTva aZlierebs gunduro-

bis gancdas da zrdis valdebulebebs. aseTi praqtika, individu-
alurad an mcire jgufebSi gansaxorcielebeli proeqtebisgan
gansxvavebiT, xels uwyobs yvela moswavlis urTierTqmedebas da
integrirebas, radgan, arc erTi maTgani ar grZnobs Tavs gari-
yulad.

sazogadoebrivi momsaxurebiT swavlisas, Temi:

 amyarebs pozitiur urTierTqmedebas moswavleebTan;
 xedavs, rom skola resursebs efeqturad iyenebs;

sazogadoebrivi momsaxurebiT swavlisas, skola:

 afarToebs da aRrmavebs sazogadoebasTan/TemTan urTierTo-
bis gamocdilebas;
 aviTarebs moswavleebis SesaZleblobebsa da motivacias, rac
dadebiT gavlenas axdens skolis kulturaze.

mniSvnelovania, gaviTvaliswinoT, rom mcire jgufuri pro-

eqtebi ar warmoSobs gunduri muSaobis gancdas mTel klas-
Si. meore mxriv, safuZvlianma momzadebam SeiZleba gamoiwvios
jgufebSi erToblivi muSaoba, riTac moswavleebi erTmaneTs ex-
marebian problemebis mogvarebaSi. individualuri proeqti gan-
sakuTrebiT sasargeblo SeiZleba iyos im moswavleebisTvis, rom-

167
lebsac aqvT dabali TviTSefaseba da imis SegrZneba, rom erTi
adamiani verafers Secvlis. individualur muSaobas SeuZlia, gaz-
ardos aseTi moswavleebis pasuxismgeblobis grZnoba da miznis
miRwevis valdebuleba.

6.2.2. drois da resursebis menejmenti

proeqtSi moswavleebis monawileobis werilobiTi xelSek-
ruleba aris proeqtSi maTi CarTvis erTgvari saSualeba. sazoga-
doebrivi saqmianobiT swavlis proeqti ormxrivia, rac imas
niSnavs, rom sazogadoeba/Temi elis, moswavleebma Seasrulon
is saqme, romelic maTi SeTanxmebis obieqtia. mxareebi am dros
xelSekrulebas aformeben werilobiTi kontraqtis formiT. mas-
wavlebelma unda aswavlos moswavleebs sakuTari kontraqtis
Sedgena. rac mTavaria, xelSekruleba unda asaxavdes moswavlee-
bis SeTanxmebas, rom seriozulad imuSaveben proeqtze da Seas-
ruleben nakisr valdebulebebs.
dakvirvebis furceli maswavlebels da moswavleebs exmare-
ba, iyvnen organizebulni, Tvalyuri adevnon mimdinare da Sesas-
rulebel samuSaoebs da daicvan grafiki. garda amisa, dakvirvebis
furceli daexmareba moswavleebs, praqtikaSi gamoiyenon drois
marTvis mniSvnelovani unarebi - piradi grafikis dacva da muS-
aobis aRricxva. am gziT maswavlebeli martivad axerxebs moswav-
leebis saqmianobis Sefasebas proeqtze muSaobis mTeli procesis
ganmavlobaSi, nacvlad imisa, rom Seafasos isini mxolod pro-
eqtis dasrulebis Semdeg. sabolood, sazogadoebrivi saqmianobis
proeqtis ganxorcielebis procesi iseTive mniSvnelovania, ro-
gorc Sedegi.
moswavleebis progresze dakvirveba sxvadasxva formiT xde-
ba. magaliTad, SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes proeqtis Jurnalebi,
aseve, progresis yovelkvireuli angariSebi, dakvirvebis fur-
clebi da sxv.

6.2.3. proeqtis dagegmva

proeqtis dagegmvis etapi moicavs ramdenime nabijs. maT So-
ris, gakveTilebs, rodesac moswavleebi ecnobian proeqtis mizans,
struqturas, monitoringis, TviTSefasebis meqnizmebs, Sedegis
warmoCenis saSualebebs da a.S.
168
 nabiji 1. Temis arCeva - moswavleebma unda gaiazron proeqtis
mniSvneloba, igrZnon, rom proeqtze muSaoba maTTvis saintere-
so iqneba. es faqtori aucileblad unda iyos gaTvaliswinebuli
proeqtis Temis SerCevisas. qvemoT aRwerilia proeqtis Temis
arCevis meTodebi.

a) maswavleblis mier saproeqto Tematikis gansazRvra

Tu iciT, rom gansakuTrebiT mkacri SezRudvebi geqnebaT
droSi da/an resursebis mxriv, winaswar damtkicebuli Temebis
CamonaTvalis Seqmna erT-erTi gzaa imis uzrunvelsayofad, rom
moswavleebma SeZlon proeqtis srulfasovnad Sesruleba. savara-
odo Temebis SeTavazeba, aseve, SegiZliaT gamoiyenoT moswavlee-
bis STagonebisTvis - Seqmnan sakuTari CamonaTvali.
Tu sazogadoebrivi saqmianobiT swavlis proeqti airCeva
Tqven mier SeTavazebuli Temebidan, aucilebelia, winaswari mokv-
levis Catareba - esaubreT kolegebs an daukavSirdiT adgilobriv
moxalise organizaciebs da miiReT proeqtTan dakavaSirebuli
damatebiTi informacia an gaecaniT ukve arsebul gamocdilebas.
Temis SerCevisas, gaiTvaliswineT droisTan da resursebTan da-
kavSirebuli SezRudvebi.
b) adgilobrivi sazogadoebis mier wamoyenebuli Temebi
zogierT skolaSi sazogadoebrivi saqmianobiT swavla sas-
wavlo gegmis nawilia. es niSnavs, rom gegmebi, resursebi da mx-
ardaWera ukve arsebobs. aseve, SeiZleba arsebobdes potenciuri
proeqtebis CamonaTvali, romelic damkvidrebulia da damtkice-
bulia Temis doneze. arsebobs winaswar damtkicebuli proeqtis
SemoqmedebiTad warmodgenis gzebi, rac saSualebas aZlevs mo-
swavleebs, gazardon procesisadmi interesi (mag. Seqmnan vid-
eoklipi, romelic gamoxatavs proeqtis mniSvnelobas garkveuli
problemebis gadasaWrelad). aseve, mniSvnelovania Temis warmo-
madgenlebis Sexvedra moswavleebTan da proeqtis mniSvnelobaze
erToblivi msjeloba.
g) moswavleebis mier gansazRvruli Temebi
rodesac moswavleebi damoukideblad irCeven proeqtis Temas,
maT uyalibdebaT pozitiuri damokidebuleba da Sinagani pasux-
ismgebloba dagegmili saqmianobis mimarT.
proeqtis Temis SerCevisas, SeiZleba gamoiyenoT potenciuri
proeqtebis Semdegi sia, raTa moaxdinoT moswavleebis moqmedebis
stimulireba:

169
 1. moswavleebi agroveben tansacmels da unawileben mowyvlad
jgufebs.
2. moswavleebi agroveben saTamaSoebs bavSvTa saxlebisTvis.
3. moswavleebi asufTaveben parkebs.
4. moswavleebi qmnian misaloc baraTebs saavadmyofoSi myofi
bavSvebisTvis.
5. moswavleebi dgamen speqtakls xandazmulTaTvis.
6. moswavleebi qmnian sazogadoebriv parks Tavisufal adgi-
las.
7. moswavleebi miusafari bavSvebisTvis gegmaven sadResaswau-
lo wveulebas da sxva.

imisaTvis, rom moswavleebi gaecnon sazogadoebrivi saqmiano-

biT swavlis potenciur proeqtebs, gamoiyeneT ukve ganxorciele-
buli proeqtebi, statiebi, videoebi da stumrebi, romlebsac Seu-
ZliaT sakuTari gamocdilebis gaziareba. aCveneT moswavleebs,
Tu ras miaRwies sxvebma, ramac SeiZleba maT gauCinos interesi
da misces saSualeba, SeimuSaon proeqtis idea, romliTac isini
dainteresdebian.

nabiji 2. rTuli sakiTxebis mogvareba - moswavleTa nawilisT-

vis SeiZleba arasdros ukiTxavT azri skolis, Temis/sazogadoe-
bis an popularul mediaSi axalgazrdebis warmoCenis Sesaxeb.
SekiTxvebis dasmiT moaxdineT am sakiTxebze moswavleTa disku-
siis provocireba:
 Tqveni azriT, ra aris daSvebuli da SezRuduli sazogadoe-
baSi? skolaSi?
 ras SecvlidiT sazogadoebasa da skolaSi?
 rogor gsurT xalxma aRiqvas Tqveni sazogadoeba da skola?
 rogor aRiqvams sazogadoebis umetesoba mozardebs? rogor
fiqrobT, maTi aRqma zustia?
 ras SecvlidiT axalgazrdebis Sesaxeb aRqmaSi da rogor?

am diskusiis dros yuradReba gaamaxvileT problemebze, nacv-

lad imisa, rom pirdapir gadaxvideT proeqtis Temis identifici-
rebaze. mieciT moswavleebs dro, ganixilon TavianT qalaqSi/
sofelSi, qveyanasa Tu msoflioSi mimdinare procesebi. es xels
Seuwyobs maT dainteresebas axali proeqtiT.

170
 qvemoT mocemulia klasSi diskusiis Catarebis magaliTi:

 daasaxeleT `problemuri~ sakiTxebi Tqvens sazogadoebaSi

(moswavlem SeiZleba upasuxos: xalxi ver ewyoba erTmaneTs an
ar moswons Cvens qalaqSi/sofelSi yofna).
 ufro konkretulad, vin ver ewyoba erTmaneTs (moswavlem Sei-
Zleba axsenos sxvadasxva Taobis an eTnikuri jgufis adamian-
ebi)?
 rogor SegviZlia amis mogvareba (moswavlem SeiZleba upa-
suxos: davZlioT stereotipebi, gavaumjobesoT komunikacia)?
 rogor SegviZlia stereotipebis daZleva (moswavlem SeiZleba
upasuxos: vewvioT adgilobriv moxucTa TavSesafars, movawy-
oT interkulturuli RonisZieba)?

am diskusiis Sedegi arsebiTad iqneba im sakiTxebis CamonaT-

vali, romlebic aRelvebT moswavleebs. problemebis identifici-
rebis Semdeg ganixileT TiToeuli sakiTxi, arsebuli variantebi/
SemoTavazebebi da sTxoveT moswavleebs mniSvnelovani proble-
mebis Sesaxeb moiZion damatebiTi informacia. procesis dasas-
ruls, Tqven geqnebaT sazogadoebrivi saqmianobiT swavlebis
proeqtis variantebis detaluri CamonaTvali, romelic gener-
irdeba gonebrivi ieriSis an sxvebis mier Sesrulebuli saqmiano-
bis SeswavliT.
gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesi Seuferxeblad warimarTe-
ba, Tu daadgenT ramdenime wess. magaliTad, miiReba Tu ara
gadawyvetileba konsensusis safuZvelze, Tu umravlesobis mx-
ardaWeriT? Tqven, aseve, SegiZliaT gamoiyenoT umravlesobis
wesisa da konsensusis meTodebis kombinacia: jer SeajereT pro-
eqtis Temebi, Semdeg ki, xmaTa umravlesobiT SearCieT romelime
maTgani. Tu Cans, rom erTi proeqtis arCeva iwvevs azrTa mkveTr
sxvadasxvaobas, SeiZleba ganixiloT moswavleebis jgufebad day-
ofis variantic.

nabiji 3. jgufebis Seqmna - Tu gadawyvetilebis miRebis pro-

cesi gkarnaxobT, moaxdinoT saproeqto jgufebis an calkeuli pro-
eqtebis formireba, gadadiT xelSekrulebis gaformebis etapze. im
SemTxvevaSi, Tu mTeli klasi imuSavebs erT proeqtze, mis farg-
lebSi SeqmeniT moswavleebis mcire jgufebi, romlebic koncentri-
rebulni iqnebian proeqtis sxvadasxva aspeqtis dagegmvaze.

171
 jgufebis formireba SesaZlebelia sxvadasxva gziT:
SemTxveviTi: gadaanawileT moswavleebi dabadebis Tvis, anba-
nis an sxva niSnis mixedviT. imis miuxedavad, rom moswavleebs Sei-
Zleba gauWirdeT megobrebisgan gancalkeveba, es meTodi uzrun-
velyofs im moswavleebis erTad muSaobas, romlebsac sxva dros
erTmaneTTan naklebi urTierToba aqvT.
gansazRvruli: am dros SegiZliaT gaiTvaliswinoT moswav-
leebis Zlieri da susti mxareebi da daajgufoT isini ise, rom
SeZlon SeTanxmebuli muSaoba da erTmaneTisgan swavla. Tumca,
jgufebis gansazRvruli wesiT dakompleqtebam SeiZleba gamoi-
wvios usamarTlobis grZnoba im moswavleebSi, romelTac surT
konkretul megobrebTan muSaoba.
TviTregulireba: mieciT moswavleebs saSualeba, Seqmnan sa-
kuTari jgufebi. aRniSnul meTodi amsubuqebs diskomfortis
grZnobas, rasac zogierTi moswavle grZnobs im TanaklaselebTan
muSaobisas, romlebsac kargad ar icnobs. jgufebis dakomple-
qtebis es varianti aZlierebs valdebulebis grZnobas im moswav-
leebSi, romlebsac naklebi megobrebi hyavT.

dajgufebis meTodis SerCevisas, gaiTvaliswineT Tqveni mo-

swavleebis emociuri mdgomareoba da Sesabamisi gamocdileba.
nebismier SemTxvevaSi, waaxaliseT TiToeul jgufi, Seqmnas muS-
aobis wesebi da ganixilos wevrebis valdebulebebi.

nabiji 4. gegmis SemuSaveba - samoqmedo gegmis Seqmna sazoga-

doebrivi saqmianobiT swavlis proeqtis gadamwyveti etapia. geg-
mas ramdenime mizani aqvs:
 zustad aRwereT, romeli resursia xelmisawvdomi da ris
SeZena/moZieba aris aucilebeli;
 miuTiTeT samuSaos ganawileba da drois grafiki.
moswavleebis mier samoqmedo gegmis Sedgena, pirvel rigSi,
aris varjiSi mizans dasaxvaSi, gadawyvetilebis miRebaSi, prob-
lemis gadaWrisa da komunikaciis unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebaSi.
samoqmedo gegma warmoadgens proeqtis CarCos, samoqmedo rukas.
masSi naTlad unda iyos aRwerili resursebi, monawile mxareebi,
amocanebi da maTi ganxorcielebis etapebi.
kargad SemuSavebuli gegma unda pasuxobdes Semdeg kiTxvebs:
ra aris proeqtis mizani? ra moxdeba proeqtis ganmavlobaSi? ra

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nabijiT dasruldeba proeqti? ra safexurebia saWiro miznis mis-
aRwevad?
proeqtis dagegmvis procesSi saWiroa ganisazRvros Semdegi:
vin monawileobs? ras akeTeben? ra resursebi arsebobs proeqtis
warmatebiT SesrulebisTvis? ramdenad SeuZliaT moswavleebs ar-
sebuli resursebis gamoyeneba?
yvela proeqti moiTxovs resursebs. moswavleebma, romlebic
gadawyveten adgilobrivi parkis dasufTavebas, unda moiZion da
Seagrovon dasufTavebisaTvis saWiro xelsawyoebi. mniSvnelova-
nia, Seiqmnas zusti sia, romelic moicavs yvela SesaZlo saWiroe-
bas. waaxaliseT moswavleebi, gadaxedon gadadgmul nabijebs da
gadaamowmon resursebis sia TiToeuli safexurisTvis.
Tu Tqvens skolas aqvs vebgverdi, esaubreT administrators
vebgverdze Tqveni proeqtis gamoqveynebis Sesaxeb da moiTxoveT
daxmareba. Tu es SesaZlebelia, daavaleT moswavleebs, Seadginon
proeqtis vebreklama. moswavleebi, romlebic dainteresebulni
arian teqnologiebiT, siamovnebiT moamzadeben proeqtebisTvis
reklamasa da vebgverds. es maT saSualebas miscemT, Seqmnan saku-
Tari vebdizainis portfolioebi.
imis gamo, rom proeqtis ganxorcielebas dasWirdeba garkveu-
li dro, resursi da saqmianoba, romelic ar aris Cveulebrivi
saswavlo procesis nawili, mniSvnelovania pasuxismgebeli pirebis
informireba. moswavleebma unda waradginon TavianTi gegmebi
da miiRon oficialuri nebarTva proeqtis ganxorcielebaze. am
dros gasaTvaliswinebelia Semdegi:
 vin unda icodes, rom Tqveni moswavleebi akeTeben sazoga-
doebrivi saqmianobiT swavlis proeqts? rogor unda acnoboT
maT? saWiroa Tu ara specialuri formis Sevseba? visi xelmow-
eraa saWiro?
 saWiroa Tu ara proeqtis damtkiceba direqtoris, an/da adgi-
lobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis romelime uwyebis mier?
 saWiroa Tu ara mSoblebisTvis Setyobinebis gagzavna? Tu asea,
rogor da rodis?

waaxaliseT moswavleebi, gadaxedon maT mier gadadgmul nabi-

jebs, resursebis CamonaTvals da calke gamoyon iseTi element-
ebi, rogorebicaa eqskursiebi an sakomunikacio saSualebebze wv-
doma, rasac SeiZleba dasWirdes konkretuli nebarTvebi.
proeqtze daxarjuli dro da aqtivobebSi CarTuli adamiane-

173
bi warmoadgenen yvelaze faseul resurss. aRniSnuli resursebis
marTvis efeqturobas SesaZlebelia xeli Seuwyos Semdeg kiTxve-
bze dafiqrebam:
 visi monawileoba iqneba saWiro Sedegebis misaRwevad? rodis
CavrToT skolis/Temis warmomadgenlebi? ramdeni xniT?
 drois romel monakveTSia xelmisawvdomi garkveuli resurse-
bi? magaliTad, rodisaa SesaZlebeli satelefono an eleqtro-
nuli komunikacia da konkretulad, romeli mowyobilobidan?
 SeZlebs Tu ara yvela moswavle, gamoyos proeqtisTvis saWiro
dro?
 ramdeni adamiani unda monawileobdes proeqtis ganxorciele-
baSi? aucilebelia klasis yvela moswavlis CarTva? saWiroa
Tu ara sxva adamianebis monawileoba?
 vis SeuZlia, aswavlos moswavleebs wesebi, romlebic unda
gaiTvaliswinon proeqtze muSaobisas (magaliTad, janmrTelo-
bis dacva parkis dasufTavebisas)?
 imuSaveben Tu ara moswavleebi gare jgufTan an organizacia-
sTan? ra SezRudvebi aqvs SerCeul organizacias drois da
adamianur resursTan dakavSirebiT?

waaxaliseT TanamSromloba sxva jgufebTan an saagentoebT-

an, romelTa gamocdileba da resursebi daexmareba moswavleebs
proeqtis ukeT ganxorcielebaSi. garda imisa, rom moswavleebs
eqnebaT praqtikuli gamocdilebis miRebis, gunduri muSaobisa da
komunikaciis unarebis ganviTarebis SesaZlebloba, sxva jgufebT-
an muSaoba gulisxmobs skolis miRma arsebuli samyaros Secno-
bas, profesiebis gacnobas da sxva siaxleebs. Tu moswavleebi
gadawyveten, daasrulon proeqti sxva jgufTan TanamSromlobiT,
mouwodeT maT, ganixilon TanamSromlobis detalebi:
 romel organizacias daukavSirdeba jgufi?
 vin daukavSirdeba organizacias?
 rodis aris saWiro organizaciasTan dakavSireba?
 rogor unda davukavSirdeT am organizacias? ra winadadebiT
unda mivmarToT?
 konkretulad, ra roli eqneba proeqtSi am organizacias?

gaiTvaliswineT nebismier gare organizaciasTan kontraqtis

dadebis sakiTxi, raTa moaxdinoT maTi valdebulebebis formali-
zeba da aCvenoT, Tu ramdenad seriozulad ekidebian moswavleebi
erTobliv muSaobas.
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 6.2.4. moswavleTa saWiroebebis Sefaseba
sazogadoebrivi saqmianobiT swavlis proeqti, pirvel rig-
Si, Tqveni moswavleebisTvis praqtikuli unarebis ganivTarebis
SesaZleblobaa. kerZod, proeqtis dagegmvis procesSi SeiZleba
saWiro gaxdes samuSaosa da komunikaciis unar-Cvevebis gadaxedva.
Tqven SeiZleba urCioT moswavleebs, gaiumjobeson es unarebi maT
gamoyenebamde. gasaTvaliswinebeli kiTxvebi moicavs Semdegs:
 dasWirdeba Tu ara moswavleebs satelefono zari an saqmiani
werilis miwera kompaniebTan/saagentosTan?
 arsebobs Tu ara raime specifikuri fizikuri an akademiuri
unarebi, romlebic Tqvens moswavleebs unda CamouyalibdeT/
ganuviTardeT proeqtis dasrulebisTvis? magaliTad, Tu maT
airCies wignebis gacnoba usinaTloebisaTvis, mniSvnelovania,
rom maT kargad SeZlon xmamaRla kiTxva;
 Tu Tqveni moswavleebi ar floben saWiro unarebs, rogor Se-
giZliaT maTi ganviTareba?

sazogadoebrivi saqmianobiT swavlis konteqstSi kvlevis

mizani orgvaria. pirvel rigSi, moswavleebi agroveben infor-
macias proeqtis mniSvnelobisa da aqtiualobis dasadgenad. am
saxis informaciis Segroveba sakmaod ioli iqneba, radgan mas-
wavlebeli da moswavleebi sakmaris dros dauTmoben proeqtis
saWiroebis Sefasebas. informaciis Segroveba aucilebelia swori
gadawyvetilebebis misaRebad. es kargi SesaZleblobaa moswav-
leebSi informaciis moZiebis, klasifikaciisa da Sefasebis unar-
Cvevebis gasaumjobeseblad.
daexmareT moswavleebs, organizeba gauwion kvleviT saqmiano-
bas, raTa samuSaoebis dublireba ar moxdes moswavleTa jgufeb-
Si. qvemoT mocemulia kvleviTi saqmianobis organizebis strat-
egiebi:
 dayaviT klasi mcire jgufebad. TiToeuls daavaleT dasmul
kiTxvebze pasuxis povna gansxvavebuli wyaroebidan;
 SesTavazeT moswavleebs, airCion kvlevis meTodi, romlis gam-
oyenebiTac dainteresebulni arian (magaliTad, piradi inter-
viuebi, anketireba).
gza, romelsac airCevT kvleviTi saqmianobis organizebisT-
vis, unda asaxavdes moswavleebis valdebulebas proeqtis mimarT.
Tqven SegiZliaT, SeafasoT valdebulebis es done kiTxvebis das-
miT:

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 Cans Tu ara, rom proeqtis yvela aspeqti orientirebulia
jgufur muSaobaze? SeuZliaT Tu ara moswavleebs, individu-
alurad Caataron kvlevebi?
 aris Tu ara mcire jgufebSi pirovnuli konfliqti? SeuZliaT
Tu ara moswavleebs sxva jgufebSi muSaoba?
 SeuZliaT Tu ara moswavleebs, gaaerTianon TavianTi kvlevi-
Ti Zalisxmeva raime sakiTxis garSemo? (magaliTad, dawyebiTi
safexuris moswavleebze orientirebul proeqtebze momuSave
or jgufs surs, daukavSiros sakuTari kvlevebi bavSvis gan-
viTarebis etapebs).

qvemoT mocemulia ramdenime meTodi, romelic xelmisawvdomi

unda iyos Tqveni moswavleebisaTvis.
pirvelad wyaroze wvdoma informaciis miRebis saukeTeso
gzaa. pirveladi wyaroebia adamianebi, romlebic piradad monaw-
ileobdnen sazogadoebrivi saqmianobiT swavlis proeqtebSi, or-
ganizaciis TanamSromlebi, romlebsac moswavleebi sTavazoben
momsaxurebas, an adamianebi, romlebsac msgavsi gamocdileba aqvT.
sxvebis gamocdilebis gacnoba Zalian sasargeblo iqneba moswav-
leebisTvis. hkiTxeT moswavleebs, ician Tu ara maT skolaSi ganx-
orcielebuli proeqtebis Sesaxeb. waaxaliseT isini, gamoikvlion
skolis gamocdileba, gaesaubron Sesabamisi gamocdilebis mqone
adamianebs (moswavleebs, pedagogebs, administraciis wevrebs).
sTxoveT moswavleebs, Seiswavlon, Tu ra nabijebi gadadges maT
da rogor daZlies sirTuleebi, ramdenad da raSi gamoadgaT
proeqtis ganxorcielebisas miRebuli gamocdileba. daexmareT
moswavleebs, moiwvion stumrebi, romlebsac SeuZliaT isaubron
maT gamocdilebasa da im resursebze, rac saWiroa proeqtisTvis.
SeaxseneT moswavleebs, rom saWiro informaciis miRebis sauke-
Teso gza aris kiTxvebis momzadeba intervius dawyebamde da a.S.
stumris mosvlamde, moswavleebTan erTad imsjeleT dagegmi-
li proeqtis prezentaciis procedurebsa da molodinebze (mag.
moswavleebma Tavi unda aaridon erTmaneTTan saubars, moamzadon
kiTxvebi). waaxaliseT moswavleebi, CainiSnon prezentaciasTan da-
kavSirebuli SeniSvnebi da rekomendaciebi.
Tu moswavleebi apireben, daukavSirdnen saagentoebs tele-
foniT, SesTavazeT, rom zaris ganxorcielebamde zustad gansaz-
Rvron is, risi Tqmac surT. auxseniT, rom satelefono saubars
SeiZleba mohyves nerviuloba, rac arTulebs azris lakonurad

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da gasagebad Camoyalibebas.
auxseniT moswavleebs, rom biblioTekis kvleva gulisxmobs
meoradi resursebis: Jurnalebis, gazeTebisa da satelevizio ga-
dacemebis Seswavlas, romlebic Seicaven movlenis an ideis Sesaxeb
meorad informacias. Tu moswavleebs ar aqvT biblioTekaSi muS-
aobis gamocdileba (mag. rogor xdeba informaciis moZieba kata-
logebSi, rogor unda gamoiyenon eleqtronuli bazebi), dagegmeT
viziti skolis an axlomdebare biblioTekaSi da sTxoveT Tanam-
Sromlebs, moswavleebs gaacnon biblioTekis muSaobis sistema
da stili. sajaro biblioTekebis umetesobas aqvT programebi,
romlebic moswavleebs biblioTekis efeqturad gamoyenebaSi ex-
mareba. satelevizio Souebis an videorgolebis mosaZebnad, garda
biblioTekisa, SeiZleba gamoiyenoT eleqtronuli saZiebo siste-
mebi.

6.2.5. samoqmedo gegmis dasruleba da damtkiceba

samoqmedo gegma warmoadgens proeqtis srul aRweras. am-
rigad, igi dawerili unda iyos naTlad da Tanmimdevrulad. sru-
li samoqmedo gegma Seicavs Semdeg informacias:
Sesavali - gegmis am nawilSi dasabuTebulia proeqtis mniSvn-
eloba da gadmocemulia moswavleTa motivacia. Sesavali unda
Seicavdes yvela sacnobaro informacias, raTa mkiTxvels hqondes
proeqtis Sesaxeb sruli warmodgena, maT Soris, vin aris Car-
Tuli, ra moxdeba proeqtis ganmavlobaSi, ra aqtivobebi ganxor-
cieldeba da rodis? magaliTad, maswavlebelma meSvide klasis
rva moswavle SearCia adgilobrivi parkis ekosistemis Sesaxeb
speqtaklis momzadebisTvis. speqtaklis siuJetis dasawerad mo-
swavleebi ewvevian da Seiswavlian adgilobriv parks. aiReben in-
tervius pasuxismgebeli pirebisgan, gaecnobian ekosistemasTan
dakavSirebul kvlevebs da a.S.
resursebis gansazRvra - waaxaliseT moswavleebi, Seqmnan Ses-
asrulebeli amocanebis ufro detaluri CamonaTvali da dava-
lebisTvis saWiro resursebis sia. TiToeuli resursis gverdiT
unda mieTiTos, aris Tu ara is xelmisawvdomi, an ra gziT SeiZle-
ba misi mopoveba. samoqmedo gegmis am nawilSi unda ganisazRvros
is adamianebi, romlebic saWiroa proeqtis Sesasruleblad, maTi
valdebulebebis CvenebiT. adamianuri resursebis CamonaTvali
SeiZleba organizebuli iyos saqmianobis an amocanis mixedviT.

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saWiroa, aRiweros TiToeuli monawilis pasuxismgebloba, fun-
qciebi da samuSaos aRwera. Tu moswavleebi muSaoben gare or-
ganizaciasTan an saagentosTan, samoqmedo gegmaSi naTlad unda
aisaxos TanamSromlobis xasiaTi da organizaciis roli.
arc Tu iSviaTad, proeqtis ganxorcielebas garkveuli fi-
nansuri resursic sWirdeba. zogjer moswavleebisTvis ufro
martivia, gamoiyenon Semowirulobebi, vidre daiwyon fulis Seg-
roveba. adgilobriv bizness, rogorc wesi, surs, CaerTos axal-
gazrdebis saqminobaSi. maT SeiZleba mxari dauWiron moswavleTa
Zalisxmevas da moaxdinon biznesis asocireba maT saqmianobasTan.
moswavleebma unda auxsnan biznesmenebs proeqtis detalebi da
naTlad ganmarton, Tu ra sargebels miiRebs potenciuri donori
garkveuli aqtivobebis dafinansebiT.
ganrigi da kontaqtebi - gegmis es nawili unda Seicavdes sa-
muSaoTa Sesrulebis grafiks da resursebis zogad CamonaTvals.
Tu proeqtSi gare organizacia monawileobs, miuTiTeT misi sa-
kontaqto informacia da im adamianebis saxelebi, romlebic mo-
swavleebTan erTad imuSaveben.
sworad gansazRvruli drois grafiki uzrunvelyofs gegmis
Sesrulebas. es gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania, Tu erTi dava-
lebis dawyebas win uswrebs meoris dasruleba. miuxedavad imisa,
rom, savaraudod, proeqtis grafiki Seicvleba, mniSvnelovania,
Seiqmnas samuSao drois maqsimalurad zusti monaxazi, romliTac
ganisazRvreba drois konkretul monakveTSi Sesasrulebeli amo-
canebi.
samoqmedo gegmis daweris Semdeg Tqven da moswavleebma kri-
tikulad unda SeiswavloT proeqtis Zlieri da susti mxareebi.
saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, gadaxedeT da ganaaxleT proeqti. am pro-
cesSi SeiZleba gamoiyenoT Semdegi kiTxvebi:
 ramdenad realuria proeqtisTvis gansazRvruli dro? xom ar
dagvWirdeba misi koreqtireba?
 ra gamowvevebis winaSe dgas proeqtze momuSave jgufi? rogor
SeuZlia jgufs upasuxos am gamowvevebs?

prezentaciis momzadeba - TiToeuli moswavle pasuxismgebeli

unda iyos prezentaciis momzadebaze. prezentaciisas, gamoiyeneT
TvalsaCinoebebi. wardgenis efeqturoba mowmobs, Tu ramdenad
seriozulad ekidebian moswavleebi proeqts. proeqtis wardgenis
dRes moiwvieT adgilobrivi politikuri liderebi da sazoga-

178
doebis warmomadgenlebi, skolis administracia, mSoblebi da gaa-
caniT maT moswavleebis muSaobis Sedegebi.
moqmedeba - samoqmedo gegmis damtkicebis Semdeg, moswavleebi
SeaqeT gaweuli samuSaosTvis da daiwyeT sazogadoebrivi saqmi-
anobiT swavlis proeqtis ganxorcieleba. daexmareT maT saqmi-
anobis organizebaSi, masalebis SegrovebaSi, saWiro adamianebTan
dakavSirebaSi.
progresis monitoringi - gamoiyeneT e.w. `TvalTvalis fur-
celi”. gaacaniT moswavleebs es instrumenti, rogorc maT mier
Sesrulebul samuSaoze dakvirvebis saSualeba. uTxariT, rom
regularulad ganaaxlon samoqmedo gegmiT gansazRvruli samuS-
aoebis grafiki. progresis monitoringis kidev erTi gzaa moswav-
leebis muSaobis amsaxveli Canawerebis Seqmna.
samuSao eTika - moswavleebisTvis rTulia enTuziazmis da in-
teresis SenarCuneba mTeli proeqtis ganmavlobaSi. garda amisa,
procesSi warmoSobilma dabrkolebebma SeiZleba moswavleTa de-
motivirebac gamoiwvios. moswavleebi unda gaecnon samuSao eTi-
kas, romelic moicavs aRebuli valdebulebebis Sesrulebas. muS-
aobis procesSi, zogjer moswavlis `erTguleba~ proeqtis mimarT
sustdeba da maTi samuSao eTika iklebs. vadebi ar aris daculi,
amocanebi srulad ar aris Sesrulebuli da zogadi uinteresobis
momenti dgeba. SeiZleba dagWirdeT Careva, gansakuTrebiT im Sem-
TxvevaSi, Tu zogierT moswavles imedgacrueba eufleba. am dros
rekomendebulia samoqmedo gegmis revizia, rolebis Secvla da
garkveuli droiT moswavleebis dasveneba. aseve, SegiZliaT moi-
wvioT Temis warmomadgenlebi, romlebic isaubreben proeqtis
sazogadoebriv sargebelze.

6.2.6. proeqtis Sefaseba

mimdinare Sefaseba - proeqtis ganxilva da Sefaseba dagex-
marebaT, droulad SeamCnioT mcire problemebi, sanam isini dauZ-
level dabrkolebebad ar qceulan. proeqtis ganmavlobaSi unda
daiweros angariSebi gaweuli saqmianobis Sesaxeb, risi gacnobac
moxdeba monawileTa jgufebs Soris. angariSebis Sinaarsi gansx-
vavdeba jgufebis saqmianobis mixedviT. daexmareT moswavleebs,
Camoayalibon angariSis formati da regularuli grafiki, rac
damokidebulia proeqtis saerTo xangrZlivobaze.
proeqtis msvlelobis Sefaseba - Tqvenma moswavleebma mniS-

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vnelovani samuSao Seasrules mTeli proeqtis ganmavlobaSi,
amitom ar SeafasoT mxolod saboloo Sedegi. yuradReba gaamax-
vileT proeqtis yvela etapze: momzadeba, dagegmva, calkeuli
iniciativebis ganxorcieleba da a.S.
TviTSefaseba - sakuTar saqmianobaze fiqriT moswavleebi eu-
flebian TviTSefasebis unars da ukeT acnobiereben proeqtiT
miRebul codnasa da gamocdilebas. moswavleebs sxvadasxva gziT
SeuZliaT sakuTari Tavis Sefaseba. Tu isini dRiurs awarmoeben,
sTxoveT, daweron saboloo Canaweri, sadac Seajameben TavianT
azrebs, ganwyobebs. aseve, SeiZleba mogviTxron miRebuli gamoc-
dilebis Sesaxeb. ra formiTac ar unda gadawyvitoT moswavleebis
TviTSefasebaSi CarTva, dausviT kiTxvebi, raTa ifiqron gamoc-
dilebis sxvadasxva aspeqtze:
 ra iyo proeqtis mizani? rogor fiqrobT, miaRwieT mizans?
 ramdenad mniSvnelovani iyo TqvenTvis ganxorcilebeuli
saqmianoba?
 rogor fiqrobT, vin isargebla Tqveni muSaobiT?
 xarT Tu ara kmayofili proeqtSi monawileobiT?
 ramdenad intensiuri urTierToba gqondaT proeqtSi monawile
sxva adamianebTan?
 ras SecvlidiT proeqtSi? ratom?
 ra iyo TqvenTvis sazogadoebrivi saqmianobiT swavlis sauke-
Teso nawili? yvelaze cudi? ratom?
 ra iswavleT axali am procesis ganmavlobaSi?
 Cvens TemSi/sazogadoebaSi ra sakiTxis gamo gaxda saWiro
Tqveni proeqti?
 Secvala Tu ara raime TqvenSi proeqtSi monawileobam?

miuxedavad imisa, rom axalgazrdebis absolutur umravle-

sobaze dadebiTad aisaxeba sazogadoebrivi saqmianobiT swav-
lis gamocdileba, sruliad SesaZlebelia, zogierTma moswavlem
gamoxatos negatiuri damokidebuleba proeqtis mimarT. negatiur
ganwyobas sxvadasxva faqtori ganapirobebs: imedgacrueba, sa-
kuTar rwmenasTan/damokidebulebebTan winaaRmdegobaSi mosvla,
monawileTa Soris aragulwrfeli urTierToba, jgufebs Soris an
SigniT konfliqtebi, konkurentuli garemo da a.S. msgavsi tenden-
ciis SemCnevisas, waaxaliseT moswavle/moswavleebi, gaaanalizon
TavianTi gamocdileba, moawyveT saklaso diskusia da ganixileT
proeqtis detalebi, isaubreT mis sazogadoebriv sargebelze,

180
dasaxeT wamoWrili problemebis gadaWris gzebi. diskusiis dros
ecadeT, moswavleebma gamoiyenon konfliqtis marTvis unarebi.
SeecadeT, Riad ganixiloT yvela moswavlis saqmianoba.
sazogadoebis Sefaseba - auxseniT moswavleebs, rom sazoga-
doebis Sefaseba aris maTi Zalisxmevis garedan aRiarebis erT-
erTi gza. miCneulia, rom Sesrulebuli saqmianobis Sesaxeb an-
gariSs abareben imas, vinc daamtkica proeqti. igive vrceldeba
sazogadoebrivi saqmianobiT swavlis proeqtze. garda amisa, is-
eve rogorc, Tqveni klasi eZebda informacias sxvisi proeqtis
angariSebis Sesaxeb, maTi gamocdilebis saxelmZRvanelod gamoy-
enebis imediT, sxva jgufebisTvis, romlebsac surT, wamoiwyon
axali proeqtebi, SeiZleba sasargeblo aRmoCndes Tqveni moswav-
leebis gamocdilebis amsaxveli angariSi. SeaxseneT moswavleebs,
rom, rac ufro meti jgufi ismens da iTvaliswinebs maT angariSs,
miT metia aRiarebisa da dafasebis Sansi. moswavleebs SeuZliaT,
skolis vebgverdze an internetsivrceSi ganaTavson proeqtis
saboloo angariSi, romlis gaziarebis raodenoba da Sefasebebi
proeqtis warmatebis maniSnebeli iqneba. SesTavazeT moswavleebs,
aRweron TavianTi muSaoba Semdegi saSualebis gamoyenebiT: weri-
lobiTi angariSi, sagazeTo statia, sajaro kiTxva-pasuxis fo-
rumi, anotirebuli fotoalbomi, video an sxv.

maswavleblis Sefaseba - moicavs or sakvanZo kriteriums: a)

moswavleebis mier proeqtis dasruleba da b) sazogadoebrivi
saqmianobiT miRebuli gamocdileba. aseve, yuradReba unda mi-
eqces Semdeg aspeqtebs:
 ramdenad Seesabameboda proeqti moswavleebis asaks?
 iyo Tu ara proeqtis moculoba Sesabamisi moswavleebisTvis
xelmisawvdom drosa da resursebTan?
 SeZles Tu ara moswavleebma dagegmili saqmianobis srulad
ganxorcieleba? ramdenad damoukideblad muSaobdnen isini?
xom ar dasWirdaT maT ufrosebis daxmareba? raSi? ra doziT?
 Tu proeqti ganxorcielda gare organizaciasTan erTad, ram-
denad perspeqtiulia is momavli TanamSromlobisTvis?
 gamoitanes Tu ara moswavleebma saTanado daskvnebi miRebuli
gamocdilebidan?
moswavleTa saqmianobis Sefasebisas, aseve, mniSvnelovania,
gansazRvroT maTi gamocdilebis gamdidrebis SesaZleblobebi:
 hqondaT Tu ara moswavleebs praqtikuli unar-Cvevebis gamoy-
enebis SesaZlebloba?
181
 iyvnen Tu ara moswavleebi akademiurad da socialurad mzad
amgvari gamocdilebisTvis?
 Seesabameboda Tu ara proeqti sazogadoebrivi saqmianobiT
swavlis daniSnulebas?
 ra gavlena moaxdina sazogadoebrivi saqmianobiT swavlis pro-
eqtma moswavleebze?
 ramdenad emociurad ekidebodnen moswavleebi proeqtiT
gansazRvrul amocanebs?
 SeZles Tu ara maT miRebuli gamocdilebis gaazreba?

gamoiyeneT Tqveni Sefaseba, raTa gaiTvaliswinoT sazoga-

doebrivi saqmianobiT swavlis perspeqtivebi. moswavleze ori-
entirebuli proeqti moiTxovs organizebulobas da moTminebas.
proeqtebis xSirad gameoreba xels uwyobs procesis gaadvile-
bas. gaxadeT sazogadoebrivi saqmianobiT swavla Tqveni saswavlo
gegmis nawili - mieciT moswavleebs SesaZlebloba kavSiri iqonion
TemTan da mudmivad gaiumjobeson sakuTari unar-Cvevebi.

6.3. sazogadoebrivi saqmianobiT swavlis standarti8

sazogadoebrivi saqmianobiT swavlis standarti naTel war-
modgenas gviqmnis moqalaqeobrivi ganaTlebisTvis swavlis am
modelis mravalmxriv mniSvnelobaze, mis miznebsa da mosalodnel
Sedegebze.

standarti 1. Sinaarsiani/gaazrebuli sazogadoebrivi saqmiano-

ba
sazogadoebrivi saqmianobiT swavla aqtiurad rTavs
monawileebs gaazrebul da piradad maTTvis mniSvnelovan aqtivo-
bebSi.
indikatorebi:
1. sazogadoebrivi saqmianobiT swavlis gamocdileba Seesab-
ameba monawilis asaksa da unarebs.
2. sazogadoebrivi saqmianobiT swavla exeba moswavleebisTvis
mniSvnelovan sakiTxebs.
3. sazogadoebrivi saqmianobiT swavla monawileebs sTavazobs
saintereso da mimzidvel sazogadoebriv saqmianobebs.
8
K-12 Service-Learning Standards for Quality Practice, National Youth Leadership
Council, 2008
182
 4. sazogadoebrivi saqmianobiT swavla xels uwyobs monawilee-
bs, gaigon, rogoria maTi gamocdileba sazogadoebrivi proble-
mebis konteqstSi.
5. sazogadoebrivi saqmianobiT swavla iwvevs miRwevad da
TvalsaCino Sedegebs, romlebic fasdeba maT mier, visac emsax-
urebian.

standarti 2. kavSiri saswavlo gegmasTan

sazogadoebrivi saqmianobiT swavla mizanmimarTulad gamoiy-
eneba, rogorc swavlis Sedegebis miRwevis strategia.
indikatorebi:
1. sazogadoebrivi saqmianobiT swavlas aqvs mkafiod gamoxat-
uli saswavlo miznebi.
2. sazogadoebrivi saqmianobiT swavla Seesabameba akademiur
miznebs.
3. sazogadoebrivi saqmianobiT swavla monawileebs exmareba,
iswavlon codnis da unarebis transferi erTi garemodan meoreSi.
4. sazogadoebrivi saqmianobiT swavla oficialurad aRiare-
bulia skolis saganmanaTleblo politikis nawilad.

standarti 3. refleqsia
sazogadoebrivi saqmianobiT swavla moicavs refleqsias, sa-
kuTar Tavsa da sazogadoebriv urTierTobaze.
indikatorebi:
1. sazogadoebrivi saqmianobiT swavlis refleqsia moicavs si-
tyvier, werilobiT, mxatvrul da araverbalur aqtivobebs, rom-
lebic mimarTulia monawileebis codnis, unarebisa da damokideb-
ulebis gagebisa da cvlilebebis demonstrirebisTvis.
2. sazogadoebrivi saqmianobiT swavlis refleqsia xdeba saqmi-
anobidan gamocdilebis miRebamde, mis ganmavlobaSi da Semdeg.
3. sazogadoebrivi saqmianobiT swavlis refleqsia monawilee-
bSi aRZravs sazogadoebis rTul problemebze da alternatiuli
gadawyvetilebebis miRebaze Rrmad dafiqrebis survils.
4. sazogadoebrivi saqmianobiT swavlis refleqsia monawilee-
bSi aRZravs survils, ikvlion sakuTari varaudebi, mosazrebebi
da daSvebebi, raTa Seiswavlon da gaigon maTi, rogorc moqalaqee-
bis roli da pasuxismgebloba.
5. sazogadoebrivi saqmianobiT swavlis refleqsia monawilee-
bs aRuZravs motivacias, ikvlion sxvadasxva socialuri da samo-

183
qalaqo sakiTxi, romelic dakavSirebulia sazogadoebrivi saqmi-
anobiT swavlis gamocdilebasTan, raTa maT gaacnobieron sajaro
politikasa da samoqalaqo cxovrebas Soris kavSirebi.

standarti 4. mravalferovneba
sazogadoebrivi saqmianobiT swavla xels uwyobs mraval-
ferovnebis gagebas da urTierTpativiscemas yvela monawiles So-
ris.
indikatorebi:
1. sazogadoebrivi saqmianobiT swavla monawileebs exmareba
sxvadasxva perspeqtivis amocnobasa da analizSi.
2. sazogadoebrivi saqmianobiT swavla exmareba monawileebs,
ganaviTaron interpersonaluri unarebi konfliqtebis mogva-
rebis da jgufuri gadawyvetilebebis miRebis procesSi.
3. sazogadoebrivi saqmianobiT swavla monawileebs exmareba,
aqtiurad moiZion da Seafason momsaxurebis mimRebi pirebis mra-
valferovani foni da perspeqtivebi.
4. sazogadoebrivi saqmianobiT swavla xels uwyobs monawilee-
bs, amoicnon da gadalaxon stereotipebi.

standarti 5. axalgazrdobis xma

sazogadoebrivi saqmianobiT swavla axalgazrdebs exmareba
saqmianobis dagegmvis, ganxorcielebisa da Sefasebis procesSi.
indikatorebi:
1. sazogadoebrivi saqmianobiT swavla axalgazrdebs exmareba
proeqtis dagegmvis, ganxorcielebisa da Sefasebis procesSi axa-
li ideebis CamoyalibebaSi.
2. sazogadoebrivi saqmianobiT swavla axalgazrdebs rTavs
gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesSi.
3. sazogadoebrivi saqmianobiT swavla axalgazrdebsa da zr-
dasrulebs rTavs iseTi garemos SeqmnaSi, sadac arsebobs ndoba
da SesaZlebelia ideebis Riad gamoxatva.
4. sazogadoebrivi saqmianobiT swavla xels uwyobs codnisa da
unarebis SeZenas axalgazrdebSi liderobisa da gadawyvetilebis
miRebis gaumjobesebis mizniT.

standarti 6. partnioroba
sazogadoebrivi saqmianobiT swavlis procesSi partnioroba
aris TanamSromlobiTi, urTierTsasargeblo da sazogadoebis

184
saWiroebebis dakmayofilebaze mimarTuli.
indikatorebi:
1. sazogadoebrivi saqmianobiT swavla moicavs axalgazrdebis,
pedagogebis, mSoblebis, sazogadoebis wevrebis, sazogadoebrivi
organizaciebisa da biznesis monawileobas.
2. sazogadoebrivi saqmianobiT swavlisas, partnioroba xas-
iaTdeba xSiri da regularuli komunikaciiT, raTa yvela monawile
kargad iyos informirebuli saqmianobisa da progresis Sesaxeb.
3. sazogadoebrivi saqmianobiT swavlisas, partniorebi Tanam-
Sromloben sazogadoebis moTxovnilebebis dakmayofilebisTvis.
4. sazogadoebrivi saqmianobiT swavlisas, partniorebi er-
Toblivad adgenen da axorcieleben samoqmedo gegmebs dasaxuli
miznebis misaRwevad.
5. sazogadoebrivi saqmianobiT swavlisas, partniorebi erT-
maneTs uziareben codnas, gaTviTcnobierebuli aqvT skolisa da
sazogadoebis/Temis aqtivobebi da saWiroebebi da erTmaneTs ga-
nixilaven, rogorc Rirebul resurss.

standarti 7. progresis monitoringi

sazogadoebrivi saqmianobiT swavla monawileebs rTavs xarisx-
is danergvisa da dasaxuli miznebis miRwevis Sefasebis procesSi,
xolo Sedegebs iyenebs progresisa da mdgradobis misaRwevad.
indikatorebi:
sazogadoebrivi saqmianobiT swavlisas, monawileebi sxvadasx-
va wyarodan agroveben miznebis miRwevis da swavlis Sedegebis
gaumjobesebis/progresis mtkicebulebebs.
2. sazogadoebrivi saqmianobiT swavlisas, monawileebi mrava-
li wyarodan agroveben mtkicebulebebs swavlis procesSi miRe-
buli codnis praqtikuli gamoyenebis Sesaxeb.
3. sazogadoebrivi saqmianobiT swavlisas miRebul informa-
cias monawileebi iyeneben sakuTari praqtikuli gamocdilebis
gasaumjobeseblad.
4. sazogadoebrivi saqmianobiT swavlisas, monawileebi sazoga-
doebas acnoben miznebis miRwevis progress da Sedegebs.

standarti 8. xangrZlivoba da intensivoba

sazogadoebrivi saqmianobiT swavlas aqvs xangrZlivi da in-
tensiuri xasiaTi, sazogadoebis/Temis saWiroebebis dasakmayo-
fileblad da dasaxuli miznebis Sesabamisi Sedegebis misaRwevad.

185
 indikatorebi:
1. sazogadoebrivi saqmianobiT swavlis gamocdileba moicavs
sazogadoebis/Temis moTxovnebis kvlevis, saqmianobisTvis mza-
debis, moqmedebis, refleqsiis, swavlisa da Sedegebis demonstri-
rebis etapebs.
2. sazogadoebrivi saqmianobiT swavla tardeba drois konkre-
tul da SemWidroebul monakveTSi, ramdenime kviris an Tvis gan-
mavlobaSi.
3. sazogadoebrivi saqmianobiT swavlis procesSi gamoyofil-
ia sakmarisi dro gamovlenili problemis gadaWrisa da Sesabamisi
Sedegebis miRwevisTvis.

186
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 avtorTa Sesaxeb

ilias saxelmwifo universite-

tis profesoris, daviT malazonias
kvlevis sferoebia: interkul-
turuli da moqalaqeobrivi gana-
Tleba, istoriis swavlebis didaq-
tika. gamoqveynebuli aqvs 40-mde
samecniero statia, aseve, mono-
grafiebi, saskolo da sauniver-
siteto saxelmZRvaneloebi. xelmZRvanelobs SoTa rusTavelis
erovnuli samecniero fondis fundamenturi kvlevebis sagranto
proeqtebs. monawileobda Erasmus+ proeqtebSi. aris saqarTvelos
ganaTlebis mecnierebaTa akademiis wevri, Tanamedrove ganaTlebis
akademiis wamyvani maswavlebeli da direqtori.

profesori Sorena maRlake-

liZe xelmZRvanelobda SoTa
rusTavelis erovnuli samecniero
fondis sam sagranto proeqts, am-
Jamad, aris proeqtis koordina-
tori. gamoqveynebuli aqvs mono-
grafiebi da saxelmZRvaneloebi,
samecniero statiebi. is koor-
dinirebas uwevda Erasmus+ pro-
eqts: `Curriculum Reform for Promoting Civic Education and Democratic
Principles in Israel and in Georgia”. S. maRlakeliZis kvlevis sferoe-
bia: skolis marTva da finansebi, interkulturuli da moqalaqeo-
brivi ganaTleba.

ilias saxelmwifo universite-

tis profesori, ganaTlebis skolis
xelmZRvaneli sofiko lobJaniZe
avtoria ormocze meti samecniero
publikaciis da meToduri saxelmZ-
Rvaneloebis; mopovebuli aqvs in-
dividualuri kvleviTi grantebi
Sveicariisa da germaniis wamyvan
universitetebSi, monawileobs ad-

198
gilobriv da saerTaSoriso samecniero sagranto proeqtebSi. misi
kvlevis sferoebia saskolo da umaRlesi skolis pedagogika, swav-
lebis meTodologia, kurikulumis ganviTareba, RirebulebiTi da
moqalaqeobrivi ganaTleba.

ilias saxelmwifo universite-

tis profesor nino WiabriSvils aqvs
mdidari gamocdileba moqalaqeobis
swavlebis meTodebSi zogadsaganmana-
Tleblo skolis samive safexurze.
atarebs treningebs momavali da mo-
qmedi maswavleblebisaTvis. iyo ram-
denime saerTaSoriso da erovnuli
proeqtis koordinatori/mkvlevari.
aris 9 wignis, 1 monografiis, 7 Targmanis da 20–ze meti samecnie-
ro statiis avtori. hyavs meuRle da vaJiSvili. misi hobia kiTxva,
mebaReoba, kulinaria.

naTia nacvliSvilis kvleviTi in-

teresebi, profesiuli da pedagogi-
uri saqmianoba aqtiurad ukavSirdeba
interkulturuli ganaTlebis, adami-
anis uflebebis swavlebis, moqalaqe-
obisa da demokratiuli kulturis
sakiTxebs. aris araerTi adgilobri-
vi Tu saerTaSoriso proeqtisa Tu
publikaciis avtori/Tanaavtori, aseve, evropis sabWos demokra-
tiuli moqalaqeobisaTvis ganaTlebisa da adamianis uflebebis
swavlebis erovnuli koordinatori saqarTveloSi (EDC/HRE) da
evropis sabWos ganaTlebis politikis mrCevelTa qselis wevri
(EPAN).

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 daibeWda: gamomcemloba `meridiani~,
al. yazbegis gamz. #47
E – mail: meridiani777@gmail.com t. 239-15-22

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