Chapter – 3 (formulas and functions)

1. What are the components of a formula? Explain it.

Ans: An excel formula contains four components. They are – values, cell reference, operators, and
functions.
1. Values: The formula can consist of positive and negative numbers, decimals and also string
of characters.
Example- 20, -23, “good morning”.
2. Cell reference: A cell address is composed of the column letter and the row number. We
can address the cell address in formulas to refer to the values in them.
3. Operators: Mathematical operations are performed by the operators +, -, *, /, <, >.
4. Functions: In excel there are collection of functions which can be used by the users. Such as
sum, max, min, count, average, etc.

2. What is basic formula?

Ans: The formula that contains only one operator.

While using cell address in the formula, there are two ways that we can refer it-
A) Directly type the cell address.
B) Type ‘=’ and then can select the particular cell, and the cell address appears in the formula.

3. What is text formula?

Ans: Using this type of formulas the text or the string in the cell can be combined together.

4. Explain compound formula?

Ans: These type of formula contain more than one operator

For example- 2*(a+b)

5. What do you understand by range in formula?

Ans: There are some cases where we need to find the sum of the values in the columns or rows. To
find this we need to define the range of cells.

6. What is cell reference? Discuss the various types of cell reference.

Ans: A cell reference refers to a cell or a range of cells on a worksheet and can be used in a formula.

There are three types of cell references:

1. Absolute cell reference: Absolute cell reference is one that does not change when it's moved,
copied or filled.
2. Relative cell reference: It is useful when you have to create a formula for a range of cells and
the formula needs to refer to a relative cell reference.
3. Mixed cell reference: Mixed cell reference occurred when we use both relative and absolute
references to refer to a cell.

7. Write the steps of naming a sheet tab.

Ans: Following are the steps to be followed for naming a sheet tab-
 1) Right click on the tab of the sheet you want to rename.
2) A pop up menu will appear.
3) Select the rename option.
4) The cursor will appear in the tab.
5) Type a name of your choice and press ‘enter’ from the keyboard.

8. Write the steps of changing color of a sheet tab.

Ans: Following are the steps to be followed for naming a sheet tab-
1) Right click on the tab of the sheet you want to rename.
2) A pop up menu will appear.
3) Select the tab color option.
4) Select any color from the choice of colors displayed.

9. Define functions in excel

Ans: A function is a predefined formula that performs calculations using specific values in a particular
order. There are functions that work with numbers, text and also dates.

10. Write the parts of function.

Ans: A function has three parts-

I) Equal sign
Ii) Function name
Iii) Argument

11. How we can use function in the cells?

Ans:
I) Type the function using the keyboard.
Ii) On the formula tab, select autosum.
Iii) On the home tab, select autosum.

12. What are the common functions in autosum?

Ans: The common functions are –

Sum- This calculates and displays the sum of the values in the given range.
Average- This calculates and displays the average of the values in the given range.
Max- This displays the maximum value in the given range.
Min- This displays the minimum value in the given range.
Count- This displays the count of rows/columns in the given range.
Today- This displays the current date.

13. How can we work with text in excel?

Ans: We have worked with numbers and formulas. Excel also provides with the facility to work with
text. We can use ‘&’ symbol to join and display text from two different cells in a third cell.
Chapter –4(using excel as database)

1. What is database?

Ans: A database is a collection of information that is organised so that it can be easily accessed,
managed and updated.

Databases are organised by fields and records.

2. What is field?

Ans: The column in the database that contains one type of data is called a field.

3. What is record?

Ans: The row in the table of the database is called a record. A record is one complete set of fields.

4. What are the advantages of using forms in excel?

Ans: The form is used for entering data, which saves a lot of time by providing a simple interface in
which we can enter the data quickly. With this feature, we no longer need to move to the required
cell in the spreadsheet actually and enter the data. We can easily edit the data, delete a record and
create a new record from within the data input form dialog box.

5. How can a record be deleted using forms?

Ans: To delete a record, navigate to that record using ‘find prev’ or ‘find next’. When the record
appears click on the button delete. A message dialog appears for confirmation. Click on ok button.

6. What is data validation?

Ans: Data validation is the process of ensuring that a program operates on clean, correct and useful
data. In excel, it is implemented by restricting the entry in the cells within a specific range of values.

7. Write short note on pivot table?

Ans: Pivottables are a great tool to summarise, analyse, explore, and present data. Pivottables are
highly flexible and can be quickly adjusted depending on how we need to display the results.

A pivottable can automatically sort, count, total or average the data stored in one table or
spreadsheet, displaying the results is a second table showing the summarised data.

8. What is subtotal in database?

Ans: The subtotal function of excel performs a specified calculation for a specific set of values. To apply
subtotals, the data must be sorted.