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PREPARED BY: RALPH JOHN B. BUBAN

Computing data, especially
student’s grades might take a lot of
time and effort to do manually on
paper using only a pen, a calculator,
and a separate guide to compute
and to identify equivalents of
grades. This is the work of a teacher,
but what if you were tasked to do
something familiar?
MS EXCEL
MS EXCEL is used to simulate a paper
worksheet. It is composed of cells that
are represented in rows and columns
designed to perform basic arithmetic
operations. It is widely used in
accounting and financial applications
as well as statistics and engineering
calculations.
PARTS OF MS
EXCEL 2013
FORMULAS
AND
FUNCTIONS
FORMULAS
FORMULAS

Some of the often-used features

in Excel are in the formulas tab.
These are for calculating
numerical information just like a
calculator.
TWO TYPES OF FORMULAS
SIMPLE
A simple formula contains only one
operation.
COMPLEX
A complex formula contains one or
more operations.
You can create formulas by
applying call references.
MATHEMATICAL OPERATORS
Excel uses standard operators for
formulas. These are:
plus sign (+) for addition
Minus sign (-) for subtraction
ASTERISK (*) for multiplication
FORWARD SLASH (/) for division and,
CARET (^) for exponents
The EQUALS SIGN (=) is used to
start a formula.
 A complex formula follows the
PEMDAS order.
P – Parenthesis (ex. 1+2))
E –Exponent (ex. 2^3)
M –Multiplication (ex. 2*4)
D –Division (ex. 6/2)
A –Addition (ex. 7+3)
S –Subtraction (ex. 10-5)
 CELL REFERENCE
Excel has a feature that allows you to
calculate values from specified cell
addresses. A cell address is combination of
a column letter (at the top of the
spreadsheet) and a row number (to the
left of the spreadsheet). The cell or set of
cells involved in a formula is known as a
cell reference. Using a cell reference will
make your formulas more accurate.
TO CREATE A FORMULA
1. Select a cell that will contain the
formula. In our example, well select cell
B3
2. Type the equals sign (=). Notice how it
appears in both the cell and the formula
bar.
3. Click the actual cell or type the cell
address of the cell you want to reference
first in the formula (cell B1 in our example).
A blue boarder will enclose the reference
cell.
4. Type the mathematical operator you
want to use . In our example, we’ll type
the minus sign (-).
5. Type the cell address of the cell you
want to reference next in the formula:
(cell B2 in our example). A red will enclose
the referenced cell.
6. Press Enter on your keyboard. The
formula will be calculated and the value
will be displayed in the cell. Formula bar.
FUNCTIONS
• A function is a predefined formula
in excel that performs calculations
for a specific value using reference
cells.
• Excel has different functions for
quickly finding the sum , average,
count, maximum value, and
minimum value for a range of cells.
 PARTS OF A FUNCTIONS
A function consists of the equals sign (=),
the function name (an example of this is
SUM), and one or more arguments. An
argument is a range of cell addresses or
any input that you provide to a function.

=SUM : (A1 :A5)

EQUAL SIGN FUNCTION NAME ARGUMENT
USING A FUNCTION
 USING A FUNCTION
There are functions already defined in Excel. These
are examples of functions you would usually use.
1.SUM: Using this function will add all the values of
cells in the argument.
2.AVERAGE: Using this function will get the average of
all the values of cells in the argument.
3.COUNT: This counts the number of cells with
numerical data in the argument.
4.MAX: Gets the highest cell value included in the
argument.
5.MIN: Gets the lowest cell value included in the
argument.
STEPS FOR USING A FUNCTIONS
1. Select a cell where you want the
function. In this example, well use
the cell C5. Type in the equals sign(=)
 2. Enter the desired
function . Excel gives a list
of suggested functions as
you type. In this example,
we’ll use SUM.
3. Enter the cell range of the
argument inside parentheses.
In our example, we’ll type
(C1:C4). Notice that the cells
from C1 to C4 are highlighted.
This formula will add the values
of cells from C1 up to C4.
4. Press Enter.
The function
will be
calculated
and will be
shown in cell
C5.
Note: Multiple arguments must be
separated by a comma . For example,
the unction = SUM (A1, B2:B4, C1:C4 ) will
add the values of all the cells in the three
arguments.
SORTING
 SORTING
One of the features of Excel is that:

• you can manage information.

• You can quickly sort your data

alphabetically, numerically, and in
many other ways.
 TYPES OF SORTING
SORT SHEET- Sort all data in your worksheet by
a column .
Ex. A list of students to be arranged
according to their class number.
SORT RANGE- Sorts the data in a range of
cells, which can be helpful when working with
a sheet that contains several tables.
HOW TO SORT
AN MS EXCEL
SHEET
In the following example, we will sort a
class alphabetically according to Last
name.
1. Select a cell in the set you want
to sort. In this example, well use cell
B3.
2. Click the Ascending command to
sort from A to Z, or the Descending
command to sort Z to A from the Data
tab. In this example, we’ll use
Ascending command.
3. The worksheet will now be sorted. In the
example, the worksheet is now sorted
alphabetically by the last name of the
students.
HOW TO SORT
A RANGE
 In our example, we’ll select a separate
table in our class record to sort the days
a student was absent.
1. Select the cell range you want to sort.
In our example, we’ll select cell range
A13:C16
2. Click the Sort command in the Data
tab.
3. A sort dialog box will appear. Select a
column you want to sort by. In this
example, we’ll use Last name.
4. Decide if the sort will be in ascending
or descending order. In this example,
we’ll use ascending. Click Ok.
5. The cell range will be sorted in the
selected column. Notice that the other
table in the worksheet is not affected by
the sort.
Activity:
Create a new worksheet in Excel and name it as E-
Tech_ClassRecord<your _surname>.xlsx. Encode the following
data. Use appropriate functions to determine what is asked
for. Sort the records alphabetically. On a separate sheet, list
the top 4 students in the class based on quiz average.