Introduction to Computers and Digital Literacy

Grade 7
st
1 QUARTER

Welcome to the world of computers and digital literacy! In today's technology-driven society, computers play an integral
role in our daily lives, influencing how we communicate, work, learn, and entertain ourselves. This introduction will
provide you with a foundational understanding of computers, digital literacy, and their significance in the modern world.

What is a computer?
A computer is an electronic device that processes data, performs calculations, and executes tasks according to a set of
instructions. It consists of hardware (physical components) and software (programs and applications) that work together
to perform various functions.

Hardware Components
Computers are composed of several key hardware components, including the central processing unit (CPU), memory
(RAM), storage devices (hard drives or SSDs), input devices (keyboard, mouse), output devices (monitor, printer), and
more. These components collectively determine a computer's speed, capabilities, and overall performance.

Software and Operating Systems

Software refers to the programs and applications that enable computers to perform specific tasks. An operating system
(OS) is a fundamental software that manages computer hardware and provides a user-friendly interface. Common
operating systems include Microsoft Windows, macOS, and various Linux distributions.

Digital Literacy
Digital literacy is the ability to use, understand, and navigate digital technologies effectively. It involves skills such as
searching the internet, using email, working with word processors and spreadsheets, and understanding online security
and privacy. Developing digital literacy is essential for participating fully in today's interconnected world.

Internet and Connectivity

The Internet is a global network of interconnected computers that allows communication, information sharing, and
online activities. It has revolutionized the way we access and exchange information. Understanding how to browse the
web, search for information, and interact online is a crucial aspect of digital literacy.

Cybersecurity and Privacy

With increased digital interactions comes the importance of cybersecurity and protecting your personal information.
Learning about strong passwords, recognizing phishing attempts, and understanding online privacy settings are vital to
maintaining a safe online presence.

Social Media and Online Communication

Social media platforms have transformed the way we connect and communicate. Understanding how to navigate social
media, engage responsibly, and recognize digital etiquette is essential for effective online interactions.

Digital Tools and Productivity

Computers offer a wide range of tools and applications for productivity, such as word processing, spreadsheets,
presentation software, and project management tools. Learning to use these tools efficiently can enhance your work
and personal projects.

Evolving Technologies
The world of computers and technology is constantly evolving. Concepts like artificial intelligence, cloud computing,
virtual reality, and blockchain are shaping the future of computing. Staying curious and adaptable is key to keeping up
with these changes.

BASIC COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER (HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE).

A computer is a complex system that consists of both hardware and software components, working together to perform
various tasks and operations. Here are the basic components of a computer:

Hardware Components

Central Processing Unit (CPU): The CPU is the "brain" of the computer, responsible for executing instructions and
performing calculations. It interprets and executes instructions from the computer's memory.
Memory (RAM): Random Access Memory (RAM) is used to temporarily store data and instructions that the CPU needs
while it is actively working on tasks. It provides fast and temporary storage for running applications.

Storage Devices: These devices are used to store data in a more permanent manner. Examples include hard disk drives
(HDDs) and solid-state drives (SSDs). These devices retain data even when the computer is turned off.

Input Devices: These devices allow users to input data and commands into the computer. Examples include keyboards,
mice, touchscreens, and microphones.

Output Devices: Output devices display or present information to the user. Examples include monitors, printers,
speakers, and headphones.

Motherboard: The motherboard is the main circuit board of the computer. It houses the CPU, memory, and other
essential components, providing connections for data exchange between them.

Power Supply Unit (PSU): The PSU supplies electrical power to the computer components. It converts AC power from an
outlet into the DC power required by the computer.

Graphics Processing Unit (GPU): The GPU is responsible for rendering images and videos. It is crucial for tasks involving
graphics, such as gaming, video editing, and graphical computations.

Network Interface Card (NIC): The NIC enables the computer to connect to networks, such as the Internet or local area
networks.

SOFTWARE COMPONENTS

Operating System (OS): The OS is the core software that manages computer hardware and provides a user interface for
interacting with the computer. Examples include Windows, macOS, and Linux.

System Software: This software includes utility programs that help manage and maintain the computer's operation, such
as device drivers, antivirus software, and system tools.

Application Software: Application software consists of programs that perform specific tasks or provide specific
functionality. Examples include web browsers, word processors, image editors, and video players.

Programming Languages and Compilers: These tools allow developers to create software by writing code and
converting it into machine-readable instructions that the computer can execute.

User Interface (UI): The UI is the visual and interactive part of software that allows users to interact with and control
computer applications.

Utilities: These are additional software tools that assist in various tasks, such as disk cleanup, data recovery, and system
optimization.

Firmware: Firmware is software that is permanently programmed into hardware devices. It provides low-level control
and functionality for the hardware components.

These hardware and software components work together to enable the operation and functionality of a computer
system.

WEB BROWSING
This lesson will teach students how to use a web browser to search for information and navigate the internet.
Students will learn about the different parts of a web browser, as well as how to use the different features.

INTRODUCTION TO DOCUMENT PROCESSING

This lesson will introduce students to the concept of document processing and its importance in business and other
fields.
Students will learn about the different types of documents that can be processed, as well as the different software
applications that can be used.

DOCUMENT PROCESSING
This lesson will teach students how to create, edit, and format documents using word processing software.
Students will learn about the different features of word-processing software, such as how to insert text, images, and
tables.
 CREATING AND EDITING DOCUMENTS
This lesson will teach students how to create and edit documents using word processing software.
Students will learn about the different features of a word processing software, such as how to insert text, images, and
tables.

FORMATTING DOCUMENTS
This lesson will teach students how to format documents to make them look professional and easy to read.
Students will learn about the different formatting options available in a word processing software, such as font, size,
alignment, and margins.
PROOFREADING AND EDITING DOCUMENTS
This lesson will teach students how to proofread and edit documents to ensure that they are free of errors.
Students will learn about the different types of errors that can occur in documents, as well as how to correct them.

DOCUMENT MANAGEMENT
This lesson will teach students how to manage documents effectively.
Students will learn about the different ways to store, organize, and retrieve documents.

HERE ARE SOME ADDITIONAL EXAMPLES OF DOCUMENT PROCESSING TASKS THAT CAN BE TAUGHT:

1st -Creating a resume

Writing a business letter
nd
2 -Preparing a report
Creating a presentation

These are just a few examples, and there are many other document-processing tasks that can be taught. The specific
tasks that are taught will depend on the needs of the students and the goals of the course.

SPREADSHEET SOFTWARE
This lesson will teach students how to create and use spreadsheets to organize and analyze data.
Students will learn about the different features of spreadsheet software, such as how to enter data, create formulas, and
generate charts.

2nd Quarter

KEYBOARDING AND MOUSE SKILLS

Proper keyboarding techniques, also known as touch typing, can significantly improve your typing speed, accuracy, and
overall efficiency. Here are some essential tips to help you develop and maintain good keyboarding habits:

Home Row Positioning: Place your fingers on the home row keys. The home row for your left-hand includes the keys
ASDF, and for your right hand, it's JKL;. Your thumbs rest on the space bar.

Finger Placement: Assign each finger to specific keys. For example:

Left Hand: Pinky (A), Ring (S), Middle (D), Index (F)
Right Hand: Index (J), Middle (K), Ring (L), Pinky (;)
Use your thumbs for the space bar and the bottom row keys (Alt, Ctrl, etc.).
Maintain Proper Posture:

Sit up straight with your feet flat on the floor.

Keep your wrists straight and not resting on the edge of the keyboard or desk.
Position your keyboard at a comfortable height to avoid strain.
Use the Correct Fingers: Train your fingers to press the keys using the designated fingers for each key. Avoid using the
same finger for multiple keys.

Use Touch Typing: Focus on memorizing the keyboard layout so you don't need to look at the keys while typing. This
helps improve speed and accuracy.

Keep Your Eyes on the Screen: Avoid looking down at the keyboard. Instead, maintain eye contact with the screen to
catch any errors as they happen.

Use Both Hands: Distribute the typing load between both hands evenly. Avoid using just one hand to type.

Use Short, Light Key Presses: Press keys gently and avoid pounding the keys. This reduces strain on your fingers and
wrists.

Practice Regularly: Consistent practice is key to improving your typing skills. Start with simple exercises and gradually
move on to more complex texts.

Use Typing Software and Games: There are many online typing tutors, software, and games designed to help you
practice and improve your typing speed and accuracy.

Focus on Accuracy, Not Speed: Accuracy is more important than speed, especially when you're learning. As you become
more accurate, your speed will naturally increase.

Take Breaks: Typing for prolonged periods can lead to strain and fatigue. Take short breaks to stretch and relax your
fingers and wrists.

Stretch and Exercise: Regularly stretch your fingers, wrists, and arms to prevent discomfort or injury. Simple exercises
can help maintain flexibility.

Customize Keyboard Settings: Adjust your keyboard settings for comfort, such as key repeat rate and key delay.

Stay Patient and Persistent: Learning proper keyboarding techniques takes time. Be patient with yourself and keep
practicing regularly.

Remember, the goal of proper keyboarding techniques is to make typing effortless, comfortable, and accurate.
Developing these habits can greatly enhance your productivity and reduce the risk of repetitive strain injuries.

Mouse usage and basic skills

Mouse usage is a fundamental skill for interacting with computers and graphical user interfaces (GUIs). It involves
moving a physical device called a computer mouse to control a cursor on the screen, enabling you to perform various
tasks such as selecting, clicking, dragging, and scrolling. Here are some basic mouse skills and concepts:

Cursor Movement: The mouse is moved across a flat surface, such as a mouse pad or desk, to control the movement of
the cursor on the computer screen.

Clicking: There are typically two buttons on a mouse: the left button and the right button (on a standard right-handed
mouse). Clicking the left button is often used to select items, open files, and execute commands. Clicking the right
button often opens context menus with additional options related to the selected item.

Double-Clicking: Rapidly clicking the left mouse button twice is called a double-click. It's commonly used to open files,
folders, or applications.

Right-Clicking: Clicking the right mouse button opens a context menu with options relevant to the item you clicked on.
This is often used to access additional actions or settings.

Dragging: Clicking and holding the left mouse button while moving the mouse is called dragging. This is used to move
files, select text, resize windows, and perform other actions that require continuous cursor movement.

Scrolling: Many mice have a scroll wheel between the left and right buttons. Rolling the scroll wheel up or down allows
you to navigate through documents, web pages, and other content without physically moving the cursor.
Hovering: Moving the mouse pointer over an item without clicking is known as hovering. It can reveal additional
information, such as tooltips, previews, or highlighting.

Context Menus: As mentioned earlier, right-clicking on an item opens a context menu, which provides a list of actions
you can take on the selected item.

Keyboard Shortcuts: While using the mouse is essential, keyboard shortcuts can often provide quicker access to certain
functions. For example, you can press Ctrl+C to copy, Ctrl+V to paste, and Ctrl+Z to undo.

Customization: Many operating systems and applications allow you to customize mouse settings, such as pointer speed,
button functions, and scroll behavior, to better suit your preferences.

Mastering these basic mouse skills will enable you to efficiently navigate and interact with your computer's graphical
interface. As you become more comfortable with mouse usage, you can explore advanced techniques and features that
can further enhance your productivity and user experience.

3RD QUARTER
INTRODUCTION TO THE INTERNET AND ITS USES

The internet is a vast global network of interconnected computers and devices that enables communication, information
sharing, and access to various resources. It has revolutionized the way we live, work, and communicate, playing a crucial
role in modern society. Here's an introduction to the internet and its uses:

1. What is the Internet?

The internet is a network of networks, connecting millions of computers and devices worldwide. It allows these devices
to communicate and share information with each other using a standardized set of protocols.

2. History of the Internet:

The development of the internet can be traced back to the 1960s when researchers began exploring ways to connect
computers for data sharing. The Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET), created by the U.S.
Department of Defense, is often considered the precursor to the modern internet. Over the decades, technological
advancements and the emergence of the World Wide Web (WWW) have transformed the internet into what it is today.

3. How Does the Internet Work?

The internet operates through a system of data packets that are transmitted and routed across a network of
interconnected routers and switches. It uses a set of communication protocols, such as the Internet Protocol (IP), to
ensure that data reaches its intended destination.

4. Uses of the Internet:

The internet has a wide range of uses that have transformed various aspects of our lives:

Communication: Email, instant messaging, voice and video calls, social media platforms, and online forums allow people
to connect and communicate globally in real time.

Information Retrieval: The World Wide Web (WWW) provides a vast repository of information on almost any topic.
Search engines like Google enable users to quickly find relevant information.

Education: Online learning platforms offer access to courses, lectures, and educational resources from institutions and
experts worldwide.

Commerce: E-commerce platforms enable buying and selling of goods and services online, leading to the growth of
online shopping and digital marketplaces.

Entertainment: Streaming services, online gaming, social media content, and multimedia sharing platforms provide
various forms of entertainment.

Research and Innovation: The internet has facilitated collaboration among researchers, scientists, and innovators,
allowing them to share findings, collaborate on projects, and accelerate discoveries.
Remote Work: The internet has become essential for remote work, enabling people to work from different locations and
collaborate with colleagues through digital tools and platforms.

Social Networking: Platforms like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and LinkedIn allow people to connect, share
experiences, and build online communities.

Information Sharing: Blogs, wikis, and other user-generated content platforms enable individuals to share their
knowledge and perspectives with a global audience.

Access to Services: Online banking, government services, healthcare appointments, and various other services can be
accessed conveniently through the internet.

Global Connectivity: The internet has bridged geographical gaps, connecting people from different parts of the world
and fostering cross-cultural interactions.

5. Challenges and Considerations:

While the internet offers numerous benefits, it also presents challenges such as online security threats, privacy
concerns, misinformation, cyberbullying, and the digital divide (unequal access to the internet). It's important for users
to be aware of these challenges and practice responsible and safe internet usage.

In conclusion, the internet is a transformative technology that has revolutionized the way we communicate, access
information, conduct business, and interact with the world. Its diverse applications continue to shape and redefine
various aspects of modern life.

Remember that these topics can be adjusted based on the curriculum and pace of learning in your specific school or
educational institution. It's important to ensure that the lessons are engaging, interactive, and age-appropriate to keep
the students interested and motivated.

4th Quarter
Discuss the advantages and challenges of online communication.

Online communication has revolutionized the way we interact and share information, offering numerous advantages as
well as presenting certain challenges:

Advantages of Online Communication:

Global Reach: Online communication allows individuals to connect with people across the world, breaking down
geographical barriers and fostering international collaborations.

Instantaneous Communication: Messages can be sent and received instantly, enabling real-time conversations and
timely sharing of information.

Cost Efficiency: Online communication platforms are often more affordable than traditional methods, reducing expenses
associated with long-distance calls or postal services.

Convenience: People can communicate at their own convenience, eliminating the need for simultaneous availability and
allowing flexibility in scheduling interactions.

Multiple Modes of Communication: Online platforms support various modes of communication, including text, audio,
video, and multimedia, offering diverse ways to express thoughts and ideas.

Accessibility: Online communication can be more inclusive, benefiting individuals with disabilities who might find
traditional communication methods challenging.

Record Keeping: Digital communication often leaves a trace, making it easier to refer back to previous conversations and
retrieve important information.

Information Sharing: Online communication allows for the rapid dissemination of news, knowledge, and updates to a
wide audience.

Challenges of Online Communication:

Lack of Nonverbal Cues: Text-based communication can lack the richness of nonverbal cues like tone of voice, facial
expressions, and body language, leading to misunderstandings and misinterpretations.

Miscommunication: The absence of immediate feedback can result in miscommunication, where the intended message
is not accurately conveyed.

Privacy and Security Concerns: Online communication can be vulnerable to breaches of privacy, data theft, and hacking,
necessitating careful management of personal information.

Digital Divide: Not everyone has equal access to the internet or the necessary devices, creating a digital divide that can
hinder effective online communication.

Information Overload: The constant influx of messages and notifications can lead to information overload, making it
difficult to focus on important messages.

Online Etiquette: The informal nature of online communication can lead to lapses in etiquette, which can impact
professional relationships and social interactions.

Digital Footprint: Online interactions leave a digital footprint that can affect one's reputation and personal branding,
potentially causing long-term consequences.

Loss of Personal Connection: Online communication might lack the personal touch and emotional connection that can
be established through face-to-face interactions.

Technical Issues: Connectivity problems, platform glitches, and technical barriers can disrupt online communication and
hinder effective conversations.

Online Bullying and Harassment: The anonymity of online communication can sometimes lead to cyberbullying,
harassment, or trolling, causing emotional distress.

Balancing the advantages and challenges of online communication requires developing strong digital communication
skills, including clear and concise expression, active listening, empathy, and adapting communication styles based on the
context and audience.
 NORTHEASTERN MINDANAO ACADEMY
LOS ANGELES, BUTUAN CITY
Computer Subject Grade 7
First Prelim Examination

Name: __________________________Year & Section: __________ Date: _________ Score: _________

Please shade and choose the correct answer based on the question. If necessary, read the question again to confirm
your choice. Make sure your shading is dark enough to be easily distinguished. Before moving on to the next question,
review your shading to ensure it accurately corresponds to your chosen answer. Remember, accuracy is key, so take
your time and avoid rushing through the questions. God Bless!

1. What is the main function of a computer?

A. Connect and communicate online.
B. Process data and execute the task.
C. Store data and perform the calculation.
D. Manage computer hardware and provide a user-friendly interface.
2. What is Digital Literacy?
A. The ability to use, understand, and navigate digital technologies effectively.
B. The global network of interconnected computers
C. The process of developing artificial intelligence.
D. The practice of protecting personal information.
3. What is the internet?
A. A global network of interconnected computers
B. The process of developing artificial intelligence.
C. The ability to use, understand, and navigate digital technologies effectively.
D. The practice of protecting personal information.
4. What is an operating system?
A. The ability to use, understand, and navigate digital technologies effectively.
B. The practice of protecting personal information.
C. A global network of interconnected computers
D. Software that manages computer hardware and provides a user-friendly interface.
5. Why cybersecurity is important?
A. To navigate social media.
B. To enhance work and personal projects.
C. to connect and communicate online.
D. to maintain a safe online presence.
6. What is the main function of social media platforms?
A. To navigate social media.
B. Software that manages computer hardware and provides a user-friendly interface.
C. To connect and communicate online.
D. To search the internet.
7. What is an example of a productivity tool?
A. Black chain
B. Cloud computing.
C. Word processing software
D. Virtual Reality technology
8. What is the importance of staying curious and adaptable in the world of computers and technology?
A. To stay updated with involving technologies.
B. To process data and execute tasks.
C. To recognize phishing attempts.
D. To use, understand, and navigate technologies effectively.
9. What is the role of software in a computer?
A. To connect and communicate online.
B. To manage computer hardware and provide a user-friendly interface.
C. To process data and execute tasks.
D. To store data and perform calculations.

10. What is the CPU responsible for?

 A. Storing data in a more permanent manner.
B. Execute instructions and perform calculations.
C. Temporarily storing data and instructions.
D. Allowing users to input data and commands.
11. What is the function of RAM?
A. Temporary storing data and instructions.
B. Storing data in a more permanent manner.
C. Executing instructions and performing calculations.
D. Allowing users to input data and commands.
12. Which devices are used to store data permanently?
A. Memory (RAM)
B. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
C. Input devices
D. Storage devices.
13. Which devices allow users to input data and commands?
A. Memory (RAM)
B. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
C. Input devices
D. Storage devices.
14. Which devices display or present information to the user?
A. Memory (RAM)
B. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
C. Input devices
D. Output devices
15. What is the function of the motherboard?
A. Temporarily storing and instructions.
B. Providing connections for data exchange.
C. Rendering images and videos.
D. Executing instructions and performing calculations.
16. What is the function of PSU?
A. Supplying electrical power to computer components.
B. Executing instructions and performing calculations.
C. Temporarily storing data and instructions.
D. Providing connections for data.
17. What is the function of NIC?
A. Rendering images and videos
B. Executing instructions and performing calculations.
C. Enabling a computer to connect to a network.
D. Temporarily storing data and instructions.
18. What does RAM stand for?
A. Random Array of Memory.
B. Read-Only Memory.
C. Repetitive Array of Memory
D. Random Access Memory
19. What id the core software that manages computer hardware and provides a user interface for
interacting with the computer?
A. System Software.
B. Operating System (OS).
C. Programming Language and Compilers.
D. Application Software
20. Which software includes utility programs that help manage and maintain the computers’ operation,
such as device drivers, antivirus software, and system tools.
A. Operating system (OS)
B. Programming Language and Compilers.
C. System software.
D. Application Software.

21. What type of software consist of programs that perform specific tasks or provide specific functionality?
 A. System software.
B. Programming Language and Compilers.
C. Application Software.
D. Operating System (OS)
22. Which software tools allow developers to create software by writing code and converting it into
machine-readable instructions that the computer can execute?
A. Operating System (OS)
B. System Software.
C. Application Software.
D. Programming Languages and Compilers.
23. What is the visual and interactive part of the software that allows users to interact with and control
computer applications?
A. User Interface (UI)
B. System Software.
C. Application Software.
D. Operating System (SO)
24. What are the additional software tools that assist in various tasks, such as disk cleanup, data recovery,
and system optimization?
A. Utilities
B. Firmware
C. System Software
D. Operating System (SO)
25. Which type of software includes web browsers, word processors, image editors, and video players?
A. Application Software.
B. System Software.
C. Programming Languages and Compilers
D. Operating System (SO)

Test II Identification
Hardware Components