GLOBAL ACADEMY OF TECHNOLOGY, BENGALURU- 560 098

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

II SEM B.E
23ESC14B FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Module 2: Single Phase AC Circuits

Theory Questions on Single phase AC fundamentals:

1. Explain the generation of single phase AC voltage.

2. Derive an expression of average value of current/voltage in single phase AC circuits
3. Derive an expression of RMS/effective value of current/voltage in single phase AC circuits.
4. Define the following terms with reference to single phase AC circuit.
Frequency, time period, instantaneous value, Peak value, RMS value, average value, peak factor, form
factor, phase and phase difference.
Theory Questions on Single phase AC Circuits:

5. Show that in a pure resistor the current and voltage are in phase with each other.
6. Show that the average power in pure resistor is VI, where V is the RMS value of voltage and I is the
RMS value of current.
7. For a pure resistor the voltage applied is v(t) = 𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥 sin 𝜔𝑡. Find the expression for current,
instantaneous power p(t) and Average power. Draw the voltage, current and instantaneous power
waveforms.
8. Show that in a pure inductor the current lag behind the voltage by 90 degrees.
9. Show that the average power consumed by pure inductor is zero.
10. For a pure inductor the voltage applied is v(t) = 𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥 sin 𝜔𝑡. Find the expression for current,
instantaneous power p(t). Draw the voltage, current and instantaneous power waveforms.
11. Show that in a pure capacitor the current leads the voltage by 90 degrees.
12. Show that the average power consumed by pure capacitor is zero.
13. Define inductive reactance and capacitive reactance
14. For a pure capacitor the voltage applied is v(t) = 𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥 sin 𝜔𝑡. Find the expression for current,
instantaneous power p(t). Draw the voltage, current and instantaneous power waveforms.

15. Show that current lags behind the voltage in R-L Series circuit. Draw the voltage and
current waveforms.
16. Show that the power consumed by a series R – L Circuit is 𝑃 = 𝑉𝐼 cos Φ. Where V is the
RMS value of voltage, I is the RMS value of current and Φ is the angle between V and I.
17. Show that current leads the voltage in R-C Series circuit. Draw the voltage and current
waveforms.
18. Show that the power consumed by a series R – C Circuit is 𝑃 = 𝑉𝐼 cos Φ. Where V is the
RMS value of voltage, I is the RMS value of current and Φ is the angle between V and I.
19. For an R – L – C series circuit, discuss the nature of power-factor and draw the phasor diagram
for the following cases
(i) XL > XC ii) XL < XC iii) XL = XC
20. Derive an expression for power in single phase AC circuit.
1. An alternating current of frequency 60Hz has a maximum value of 12A;
i. Write down the equation for instantaneous values
ii. Find the value of current after 1/360 second and
iii. Time taken to reach 9.6A for the first time.
2. A 50Hz sinusoidal current has peak factor 1.4 and form factor and its average value is
20amo.The instantaneous value of current is 15 Amp at t=0 sec. Write the equation of current
and draw its waveform.
3. The equation of an alternating current is given by I = 42.42 sin 628t. Calculate its maximum value,
frequency, RMS value, average value, Form factor.
[Ans: 42.42 A, 100 Hz, 30 A, 27.0215 A, 1.11]

4. The equation for sinusoidal voltage is given by v=0.04 sin (2000t+60ᵒ). Determine the
frequency, angular frequency and the instantaneous voltage when t=160 microseconds.
Calculate the time represented by a 60 degree phase angle?

5. Time period of a signal is 0.02 sec, Peak value = 12 V, Write the equation for instantaneous
value of voltage. Find instantaneous value after 0.002 sec. Find the time for voltage to reach 4
V for the first time.
[Ans: e=12 sin 100 πt, 7.0534 V, 1.0817 milli-sec]

6. For the circuit shown, Find i) peak current, ii)

average value, iii) frequency iv) periodic time, v)
instantaneous value at 3 millisecond.
[Ans: Im = 20 A, Iavg = 12.73 A, f = 100 Hz, T =
0.01 sec, I at 30 ms = 19.02 A.]

7. Obtain the expression for voltage and current waveform when f = 50 Hz, Em = 500 V, Im = 10 A, at
t=0, e = 400 V, i = 4 A. Also calculate angle between V & I, and current at 0.015 sec. [Ans: e = 500 sin
(100πt+0.927), i = 10 sin (100 πt+0.4115), φ = 29.553⁰, I at 0.015 sec = -9.16A]

8. A pure resistor of 100 ohm is fed from a voltage supply of 230 V, 50 Hz. Find i) the current in the
circuit, ii) resistance to be connected in series for the current to bring down to 1.5 A.
Ans: I = 2.3 A. R = 53.33 ohm.
9. The current drawn by a pure capacitor of 20 µF is 1.382 A from 220 V A.C supply. Calculate the supply
frequency. [Ans: 50 Hz]

10. A pure inductive coil allows a current of 10 A to flow from a 230V, 50 Hz supply. Find i) inductive
reactance, ii) inductance, iii) power factor. [Ans: 23 ohm, 0.073 H]

11. An R-L series circuit has a resistance of 20 ohm and an inductance of 5 mH connected across a 230V,
50 Hz AC supply. Find i) Reactance, ii) impedance, iii) current, iv) voltage across resistance v) voltage
across inductance and vi) power consumed. Also draw the vector diagram.
12. A 60 Hz sinusoidal voltage (𝑡) = 141.4 sin(𝜔𝑡) is applied to a series R – L circuit. The values of the
resistance and inductance are 3 ohm and 0.0106 H respectively. Calculate (i) the RMS value of the
current and its phase angle, (ii) the RMS value of voltage appearing across the resistance and
inductance, (iii) Average power and power factor.
13. In a given R-L series circuit R = 6.5 Ohm and L = 0.1 H. Find (i) the current through the circuit and (ii)
power factor if a 50 Hz voltage V = 220 V is applied across the circuit. Draw the vector diagram.
14. A two element series circuit is connected across an ac supply 𝐸 = 200 𝑉. The current in the circuit then
is found to be 10 A. phase angle between voltage and current = 20°. Determine the parameters of the
circuit.
15. A choke coil takes a current of 2 A lagging behind the applied voltage of 200 V at 50 Hz. Calculate the
inductance, resistance and impedance of the coil. Also determine the power consumed when it is
connected across 100 V, 25 Hz supply.
16. A non-inductive resistor of 10 Ω is in series with a capacitor of 100 µF across 250 V, 50Hz, A.C.
supply. Determine the current taken by the capacitor and power factor of the circuit.

17. A resistor of 100 Ohm is connected in series with a 50 µF capacitor to a supply at 200 V, 50Hz. Find
the impedance, the current, the power factor, the voltage across the resistor and across the capacitor.

18. A current of 10 A flows in a circuit with a 30 ᵒ angle of lag when the applied voltage is 100 V. Find the
resistance, reactance and impedance.

19. An inductor coil is connected to supply of 250 V at 50Hz and takes a current of 5A. The coil dissipates
750 W. Calculate power factor, resistance and inductance of the coil.

20. A capacitive reactance of 4Ω is connected in series with a resistance of 5 ohms. The series circuit is
connected across a 200V, 50Hz supply. Find the (i) capacitance (ii) impedance (iii) current (iv) voltage
drop across the resistance (v) reactance drop (vi) power factor Ans: [ 795µF, 6.4Ω, 31.235A, 156.25V,
125V, 0.78(lead)]
21. A resistance of 20 Ohm, inductance of 0.2 H and capacitance of 150 𝜇𝐹 are connected in series and are
fed by a 230 V, 50Hz supply. Find 𝑋 , 𝑋𝐶, 𝑍, power factor active power and reactive power.

22. A series RLC circuit is composed of 100 Ohms resistance,1.0 H inductance and 5µF capacitance. A
voltage v(t)=141.4 Cos377t volts is applied to the circuit. Determine the current and voltages VR, VL
and VC.
23. A circuit consists of resistance of 10Ω, an inductance of 16mH and capacitance of 150 µF connected in
series. A supply of 100 V at 50Hz is given to the circuit. Find the current, power consumed by the
circuit.
24. A series RLC circuit is connected across a 50 Hz supply R=100 Ω, L=159.16mH and C=63.7 µF. If the
voltage across ‘C’ is 150 V. Find the supply voltage.