SUMMATIVE EXAMINATION 1

DISASTER READINESS AND RISK REDUCTION

UNIT 1 - Understanding How Hazards Turn into Disasters

GRADE 12 – GENERAL ACADEMIC STRAND

Name: _________________________________________________________________________________
General Instructions: STRICTLY NO CHEATING! Read the questions and statements carefully. Circle the letter of the
correct answer.

1. According to the UNDRR (2007), vulnerability is defined as "the conditions determined by physical, social,
economic, and environmental factors or processes, which increase the community to the impact of hazards." Choose
the appropriate answer for the blank.
A. susceptibility B. danger
C. proximity D. risk
2. Based on the Hyogo Framework for Action, what is the reason why developing countries have high vulnerability and
risk levels?
A. They have corrupt politicians that affect development.
B. They have insufficient capacity to respond and recover from disasters.
C. They have areas that are in great proximity to natural hazards.
D. They have limited capability to comprehend hazard maps.
3. Which of the following influences the susceptibility of the Philippines to disasters, which is related to its status as a
developing country?
A. gross domestic product performance B. lack of partners in development
C. location within the Pacific Ring of Fire D. level of access to resources
4. Which of the following are the most vulnerable in communities?
A. majorities B. marginalized people
C. minorities D. both B and C
5. According to the Sendai Framework's list of marginalized and minority sectors (UNDRR, 2017), which of the
following lack mobility, speed, and sufficient sensory input, and are usually left out in disaster management plans?
A. ethnic minorities B. women and children
C. PWDs D. sexual minorities
6. According to Rimando's (2016) list of marginalized, which of the following best describes incarcerated Individuals?
A. They lack access to resources that are abundant in major cities.
B. They lack attention and opportunity from society due to their past actions.
C. They are exposed to discrimination and hostility within the community, as well as to specific medical needs
(e.g., HIV and sexually transmitted diseases, among others).
D. They are prone to death and injury and have complex medical needs.
7. According to Rimando's (2016) list of marginalized, which of the following have increased vulnerability primarily due
to diseases (hereditary or developed)?
A. incarcerated individuals B. informal settlers and those living in poverty.
C. medication-dependent individuals D. sexual minorities
8. According to the Sendai Framework's list of marginalized and minority sectors (UNDRR, 2017), which of the
following best describes ethnic minorities and indigenous people?
A. They are foreign people exposed to poverty, discrimination, and language barriers and usually struggle to
access basic resources.
B. They lack basic livelihood essentials and recommend a habitable environment.
C. They have varying levels of physical and psychological development and are prone to exploitation. D. They
lack access to resources that are abundant in major cities.
9. According to the Sendai Framework's list of marginalized and minority sectors (UNDRR, 2017), which of the
following are prone to death and injury, have complex medical needs, and lack mobility?
A. incarcerated individuals B. informal settlers and those living in poverty
C. persons with disabilities (PWDs) D senior citizens
10. Which of the following best describes the Pacific Ring of Fire based on the UNDRR (2018)?
A. most volcanic zone on the planet
B. most active seismic zone on the planet
C. most active oceanic zone on the planet
D. most intertropical convergence zones on the planet
11. Which of the following is the reason why the Philippines is primarily susceptible to rain?
A. interaction of the northeast and southwest monsoons
B. Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)
C. Pacific Ring of Fire
D. both A and B
12. "A PWD may also be part of the senior citizen group and an indigenous people group. Likewise, a senior citizen
may simultaneously be part of the LGBTQIA+ community." The statements serve as examples of the concept of
A. multi-hazard approach B. cross-sectionality
 C. sexual minority D. socio-economic aspect of exposure
13. Which of the following can be used to classify exposed elements?
A. disaster impact B. hazard proximity
C. risk factor D. intensity
14. Which of the following best describes physical elements?
A. involve tangible factors such as people (including their population density), assets, and structures namely
buildings, infrastructures, and houses, among others.
B. refers to the social vulnerabilities of communities and how these contribute to their overall exposure.
C. refers to institutional and non-institutional capacities to adapt after a disaster.
D. include natural processes and ecosystems that are exposed to adjacent hazardous events.
16. Which exposed element involves the negligence or mismanagement of society's resources?
A. physical element B. socio-economic element
C. environmental element D. cannot be determined.
17. Which exposed element involves the loss of livelihood and business operations?
A. physical element B. socio-economic element
C. environmental element D. cannot be determined.
18. Which exposed element involves the preference of people to live in proximity to hazardous events?
A. physical element B. socio-economic element
C. environmental element D. cannot be determined.
19. Identify the exposed element based on the scenario described: "The Mall of Asia in Pasay City, Philippines was
constructed on reclaimed land that used to be a body of water. In addition, the whole area is at risk of a high-intensity
tsunami." Which exposed element matches the description?
A. physical element B. socio-economic element
C. environmental element D. cannot be determined.
20. Identify the exposed element based on the scenario described: "The funds for the victims of Typhoon Yolanda
have been pocketed by political officials instead of being given to the families in need." Which exposed element
matches the description?
A. physical element B. socio-economic element
C. environmental element D. cannot be determined.
21. Which of the following exposed elements highlights the implementation of Republic Act No. 9514?
A. physical element B. socio-economic element
C. environmental element D. cannot be determined.
22. Based on the figure, which of the following statements is true?
A. Exposed elements solely provide the biggest impact on disaster risk.
B. The complexities of vulnerability alone elevate the disaster risk.
C. Past disasters became a source of historical data for future hazards/disasters.
D. Disasters will keep on occurring regardless of the level of capacity.
23. Based on the figure, which of the following statements is false?
A. The main goal of studying the relationship between various factors is to reduce the community's disaster
risk.
B. The occurrence of future disasters is entirely dependent on the understanding of the members of the
community on the processes and dynamics of disaster risk.
C. What you acquire from the present becomes part of the past, which will be useful in mitigating future
disasters.
D. Recorded casualties and damages provide senseless information in understanding hazards.
24. Which of the following is not part of the vulnerability cascade concept?
A. The occurrence of disasters is solely the reason for post-disaster vulnerabilities.
B. Although the acquisition of knowledge is present after every hazardous event, this may or may not reduce
the post-disaster vulnerability especially if the hazard interacts with other hazards (natural, man-made, or
both) within the community.
C. Hazards interact with each other in various ways, which compound a community's vulnerability.
D. Repeated occurrences of hazards turning into disasters may compound the post-disaster vulnerability.
25. What is the correct order of the multi-hazard approach by Gill and Malamud (2014)?

i. Hazard coincidence iv. Hazard identification and comparison

ii. Dynamic vulnerability v. multi-layer single hazard approach
iii. Hazard interactions vi. Comprehensive multi-hazard risk approach

A. vi, iv, iii, i, ii, and v

B. iv, iii, i, ii, v, and vi
C. v, iv, iii, i, ii, and vi
D. iv, iii, i, ii, vi, and v