PRE-TEST

Directions: The following questions are driven from the basic concepts of DRRR and the effects of
Disaster. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. What is a process, phenomenon or human activity that may cause loss of life, injury or other health
impacts, property damage, social and economic disruption or environmental degradation?
A. disaster
B. emergency
C. hazard
D. vulnerability
2. What are the variables that amplify the effects of hazards, thus affecting the degree or scope of a
disaster?
A. elements at risk
B. exposure
C. risk drivers
D. vulnerability
3. Which is NOT a risk driver?
A. environmental degradation
B. poverty and inequality
C. properly planned urban development
D. weak governance
4. An event, whether natural or human-induced, becomes a disaster EXCEPT on what situation?
A. it occurs in an area with no exposure.
B. it causes widespread material or environmental losses.
C. community cannot provide the residents their basic needs.
D. communities experience severe danger and incur loss of lives.
5. What is the condition determined by physical, social, economic, and environmental
factors or processes that increases the susceptibility of an individual, a community, assets or
systems to the impacts of hazards?
A. capacity
B. hazard
C. resilience
D. vulnerability
6. Which risk driver shows the inefficient, and incompetent protection of human rights, and failure to
provide public services?
A. climate change
B. lack of awareness
C. poverty
D. weak governance
7. What kind of hazard and disaster is the result and outcome of naturally occurring processes in our
world?
A. forest fire
B. high risk event
C. man-made
D. natural
8. Which of the following situations pertain to a disaster risk?
A. a landslide at the foothill of a deserted mountain.
B. a landslide in Benguet that destroyed a mountain village.
C. an isolated volcano erupting in the middle of Pacific Ocean.
 D. Typhoon Yolanda passing over a remote and unpopulated island.
9. Which among the following is not an example of a natural disaster?
A. insect infestation
B. natural sinkholes
C. nuclear war
D. storm surge
10. Which among the following is not a result Of disasters?
A. displacement of populations
B. adequate supply of goods and services
C. damage to the ecological environment
D. destruction of a population’s homeland
11. What disaster risk driver shows the effect of increased severity of disasters due to rapid change to a
metropolitan area?
A. lack of awareness
B. rapid and unplanned urbanization
C. socio-economic inequality
D. weak governance
12. Which of the following event is identified as a disaster?
A. a typhoon forming the in the Pacific Ocean.
B. the potential loss of life, injury or destroyed assets.
C. the unmanned auto-driving car of Tesla fell down the cliff.
D. a storm surge hit the residential coastline of Leyte resulting in death and damage to
property.
13. What disaster risk driver is emphasized when households, communities, and societies are
unaware about disasters resulting into an increase in disaster risk?
A. lack of awareness
B. rapid and unplanned urbanization
C. socio-economic inequality
D. weak governance
14. What is the difference between a disaster and a disaster risk?
A. disaster is the infestation of insects in an area that may cause death and disease, while
disaster risk is the people infected and spreads the disease.
B. disaster is a process, phenomenon, or human activity that may cause loss of life, injury
or other health impacts, property damage, social and economic disruption or even
environmental degradation; whereas a disaster risk is the situation of people,
infrastructure, housing, production capacities and other tangible human assets located in
hazard-prone areas.
C. disaster is the combination of all strengths, attributes, and resources available within
an organization, community, or society to manage and reduce disaster risks and strengthen
resilience; whereas a disaster risk is the potential loss of life, injury, or destroyed/ damaged
assets which could occur to a system, society, or a community in a specific period,
determined probabilistically as a function of hazard, exposure, vulnerability, and
capacity.
D. disaster is defined as a serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a
society at any scale due to hazardous events interacting with variety of conditions; whereas
the latter is the potential loss of life, injury, or destroyed/damaged assets which could
occur to a system, society, or a community in a specific period, determined probabilistically
as a function of hazard, exposure, vulnerability, and capacity.
15. What is the difference between climate change and environmental degradation in the
context of disaster risk drivers?
 A. climate change is the weather conditions prevailing in an area in general or over a
long period, while environment degradation is the surroundings or conditions in which
a person, animal, or plant lives or operates.
B. climate change is the decrease in the environmental capacity to provide social and
ecological needs, while environmental degradation affects the disaster risk but also the
community’s resilience.
C. climate change affects not only the disaster risk but also the community’s
resilience, while environmental degradation is the decrease in the environmental
capacity to provide social and ecological needs.
D. climate change can result to limited capacity of household and communities to
manage the risk and improve their resilience, while environmental degradation is the
extreme poverty that equates to greater disaster impact.

B. Analyze the sentences from news/website articles, and identify the perspective being told on each
text.
16. As the coronavirus pandemic is rapidly spreading throughout the world, it causes considerable
fear, concern and concern among the general population and among certain groups, such as older
adults, caregivers and people with underlying health conditions.
A. economic
B. political
C. psychological
D. socio-cultural
17. Wednesday's Philippine Stock Exchange Index (PSEi) plunged to its lowest level in more than a
year, reflecting the decline in the global market amid fears of the 2019 coronavirus disease impact on
the global economy.
A. economic
B. political
C. psychological
D. socio-cultural
18. In the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic the government has taken swift and decisive action and
the World Bank is proud to support its efforts. Every other company offers more returns right now.
A. economic
B. political
C. psychological
D. socio-cultural
19. Washington, D.C. April 22, 2020 – The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and
the National Veterinary Services Laboratories (NVSL) of the United States Department of
Agriculture (USDA) today announced the first confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 (the virus which
causes COVID-19) infection in two pet cats. These are the first pets to be tested positive for SARS-
CoV-2 in the United States.
A. biological
B. economic
C. physical
D. political
20. People walk past the damaged San Pedro Church in Loboc, Bohol after a 7.2 magnitude earthquake
hit the Visayas area early Tuesday morning, October 15. At least 20 people have been killed
when the earthquake destroyed buildings in and around one of the major tourist hubs in the
Philippines.
 A. biological
B. economic
C. physical
D. political
21. The United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) says it is
estimated that more than 450,000 people live within the Taal volcano's 14 km danger zone.
A. biological
B. economic
C. physical
D. political
22. Based on a preliminary assessment, the foregone income in the economic sectors was
estimated at PHP4.3 billion from the effects of Taal Volcano's eruption, or 0.17 per cent in
CALABARZON 2018 regional gross domestic product (GRDP) (Cavite, Laguna, Batangas, Rizal,
and Quezon).
A. biological
B. economic
C. physical
D. political
23. Unless we act now to tackle the pandemic's mental health needs, there will be huge long-term
consequences for families, communities and societies
A. economic
B. political
C. psychological
D. socio-cultural
27. He attributed the spike to many people wading in floodwaters teeming with disease-causing
bacteria. "We expect a lot more cases in Rizal (province) and CALABARZON," Duque said, citing
areas where hospital data is still coming in and where floodwaters in heavily populated
communities remain stagnating.
A. biological
B. economic
C. physical
D. political
25. The National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC) said on Sunday that
more than 70,000 people have evacuated from their homes due to Ambo's hazard.
A. economic
B. political
C. psychological
D. socio-cultural

II. Identify the effect of disaster on each of the events.

26. After the 1990 earthquake in Baguio, the famous Hyatt hotel was found in ruins.
A. displaced population
B. economic loss
C. health risks
D. infrastructure damages
27. In 1991, Mt. Pinatubo released a hazardous thick cloud of volcanic materials that ranges from big
to microscopic particles that are dangerous when inhaled.
A. displaced population
 B. economic loss
C. health risks
D. infrastructure damages
28. The victims of Typhoon Yolanda had no choice but to abandon their homes after their homes were
swept.
A. displaced population
B. economic loss
C. health risks
D. infrastructure damages
29. Typhoon Ambo made it harder to reach out to flood prone areas to give out relief goods.
A. deaths
B. economic loss
C. food scarcity
D. infrastructure damages
30. During the quarantine, many business establishments were forced to close.
A. deaths
B. economic loss
C. food scarcity
D. infrastructure damages

What I Know

1. D 16. C
2. C 17. D
3. B 18. A
4. D 19. B
5. A 20. A
6. C 21. C
7. C 22. C
8. A 23. B
9. B 24. A
10. B 25. D
11. B 26. C
12. C 27. D
13. D 28. B
14. C 29. B
15. D 30. C