WHAT ARE THE BASIC HEALTH INVENTIONS?

A variety of basic actions can be used to prevent and control infections.

WHO’s guidelines on core components of infection prevention and control programmes

promote the implementation of standard precautions such as

 Hand hygiene. Hand hygiene is the single most effective measure to stop transmission
of health care associated pathogens
 Use of personal protective equipment
 Sterilization and medical devices decontamination
 Applying principles of asepsis
 Prevention of injuries from sharp instruments
 Proper patient placement
 Environmental cleaning
 Waste management
 Safe handling of linen and laundry

WHAT IS THE MEANING OF PERSONAL SAFETY?

Personal safety is defined as ―an individual's ability to go about their everyday life free
from the threat or fear of psychological, emotional or physical harm from others.

What are personal safety rules?

Here are some tips to follow if you are out and about.

 Stay alert – awareness is your best defence.

 Leave venues with friends wherever possible.
 Try to stay in well-lit areas.
 Be confident – even if you don't feel it.
 Travel as if you know where you are going.
 Take the most direct route and try to stay within areas where other people are around.
 Trust your instincts – if you think something is wrong then act on it.
 Have your keys available when you reach your home or car.
 Keep money for taxis – the expense is worth it.
 Carry a personal alarm and use it when necessary.

Why is personal safety important?

Personal safety is a concept that we all need to have in order to feel at peace and
minimally comfortable. Many people know of Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which places
safety and security second on the list. This means that after satisfying our physiological needs
we need to feel safe.
How do you manage incidents and accidents in the workplace?

Tips For Dealing With An Accident At Work

1. Be Vigilant and Respond Quickly. ...

2. Document and Report the Incident. ...
3. Use The Details of the Incident for Risk Assessment. ...
 4. Make Workplace Health & Safety Everyone's Business. ...
5. Trust Advanced Consulting & Training to Make Your Workplace Safer.

What are the common workplace accidents and injury?

Top 5 most common workplace injuries and how to avoid them

 Trips, Slips And Falls. ...

 Being Struck By Or Caught In Moving Machinery. ...
 Vehicle-Related Accidents. ...
 Fire And Explosions. ...
 Repetitive Stress and Overexertion Injuries.

How can industry accidents be prevented?

Proper personal protective equipment (PPE) is essential for preventing accidents. This
includes protective clothing, helmets, overhead working gear, ear protectors, etc.
Always select the best PPE for the job at hand and lead by example. Don't scrimp on
safety on the work floor.

What is the meaning of industrial accident?

What does Industrial accident mean? An accident suffered by a person during the course
of employment. The accident may be caused by the execution of work in an unsafe manner
or due to faulty equipment.

What are the six methods of investigation of industrial accident?

6 Steps of an Incident Investigation Process

 Secure the Scene. ...

 Plan the Investigation. ...
 Collect All Relevant Information. ...
 Analyze Collected Data to Find the Root Cause. ...
 Implement Corrective Actions. ...
 Document and Share the Results.

What are the 3 types of injury?

1.) ACUTE: Usually a result of a single traumatic event within the last five days. Examples:
fractures, sprains, dislocations, and muscle strains.

2.) OVERUSE: Subtle and occur over time, making them challenging to diagnose and treat.
Examples: swimmer’s shoulder, runner/jumpers knee, Achilles tendonitis, shin splints.

3.) CHRONIC: Usually has lasted at least three months or more.

What are the causes and effects of industrial accidents?

8 Common Causes of Workplace Accidents

 Lifting. Many employees are prone to sprain, strain or tear a muscle by virtue of
lifting an object that is too heavy for them to lift on their own. ...
 Fatigue. ...
 Dehydration. ...
 Poor Lighting. ...
 Hazardous Materials. ...
 Acts of Workplace Violence. ...
 Trips and Falls. ...
 Stress.

What are the four mitigation strategies to reduce the impact of industrial accidents?

There are various mitigation strategies to decrease the effect of industrial accidents such as
introducing proper safety measures in factories/workplace; provide safety training for
workers, ensure proper maintenance of equipment, infrastructural facilities, and machines;
proper signage and indications of dangers

WATER QUALITY AND STANDARDS

Introduction

There was a time when the common and safe sources of drinking water were the local wells
and ponds. With the advancement in technology and increase in population, the water bodies
have become polluted to the extent that they are not entirely safe even for washing purposes!
Considering the detrimental effects natural water can have certain effects on human health,
certain parameters have been defined by several health organizations.

Some quality parameters are set for drinking water which must be met as per the International
Standards for drinking water.
International Standards for Drinking Water

The international standards for drinking water which must be followed are:

 Fluoride: Deficiency of fluoride causes tooth decay in humans. Water fluoridation is

a method which ensures controlled addition of soluble fluoride to the drinking water
supply to bring its concentration up to 1 ppm. However, excess fluoride causes
mottling of teeth and bone defects; so it is added only up to the safety limits.
 Lead: The water supply pipes, plumbing fittings, etc. either contain lead or are made
up of it. Excess lead has certain neurological effects. Long-term exposure can create
health risks for pregnant women and infants. It can also damage the liver, kidney, etc.
Thus, the permissible limit for lead concentration is 50 ppb only.
 Sulphate: Sulphate is often used for the control of algae in public water supply pipes.
They are also discharged from mines into the water. Some sulphates are highly
soluble in water. So even after water treatment, they may still be present in the water.
Although it is harmless at a moderate level, if its concentration exceeds 500 ppm in
water, it can cause dehydration, diarrhoea, certain laxative effects and gastrointestinal
problems.
 Nitrate: Nitrates are used in fertilizers. They can reach surface and groundwater from
agricultural fields. If the concentration of nitrates exceeds 50 ppm in water,
the digestive system is affected. It also causes methemoglobinemia, commonly called
the blue baby syndrome.
 Other metals: There are some other metals such as iron, copper, aluminium, zinc,
etc., which have the permissible concentration of 0.2 ppm, 3 ppm, 0.2 ppm and 5 ppm
respectively.

The following table contains the drinking water standards issued by the World Health
Organization (WHO).
12,716

Drinking Water Standards by the WHO (Substance/ Parametric Value)

 Arsenic 10μg/l

 Barium 10μg/l

 Boron 2400μg/l

 Chromium 50μg/l

 Fluoride 1500μg/l

 Selenium 40μg/l

 Uranium 30μg/l

Organic species:
 Benzene 10μg/l

 Carbon tetrachloride 4μg/l

 1,2-Dichlorobenzene 1000μg/l

 1,4-Dichlorobenzene 300μg/l

 1,2-Dichloroethane 30μg/l

 1,2-Dichloroethene 50μg/l

 Dichloromethane 20μg/l

 Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate 8 μg/l

 1,4-Dioxane 50μg/l

 Edetic acid 600μg/l

 Ethylbenzene 300 μg/l

 Hexachlorobutadiene 0.6 μg/l

 Nitrilotriacetic acid 200μg/l

 Pentachlorophenol 9μg/l

 Styrene 20μg/l
  Tetrachloroethene 40μg/l

 Toluene 700μg/l

 Trichloroethene 20μg/l

 Xylenes 500μg/l

Q1

What should be the quality of drinking water?

Also, extremely important is the aesthetic quality of the drinking water. Public health
turbidity requirements lead in most cases to clear, attractive water. High concentrations of
dissolved solids, though safe, produce water with a slightly alkaline taste.

Q2

What is the best pH water to drink?

The pH level of the water sources should be between 6.5 and 8.5 on a scale ranging from 0 to
14. The best pH for drinking water sits at a 7 right in the middle.

Q3

Which is the most commonly found chemical in water?

The most common chlorine, by far. Chlorine kills many organisms that can cause ailments
and diseases. There is little chance of dangerous outbreaks like dysentery, by adding chlorine
to the water supply.

Q4

What is the most common contaminant in drinking water?

Microorganisms, nitrate, and arsenic are the most common contaminants in drinking water.
Over the last five years, monitoring of water quality has improved. Bacteria, viruses, and
protozoa are contaminants of drinking water which can quickly cause widespread and serious
diseases.

Q5

What is the most dangerous water contaminant?

Lead is one of the most dangerous elements found in drinking water, for young people and
infants in particular. Contamination can occur from natural deposits in the water supply, but
is most likely the result of the leaching of pipes inside a house or flat building.
What is meant by waste management?

Waste management refers to the various schemes to manage and dispose of wastes. It can
be by discarding, destroying, processing, recycling, reusing, or controlling wastes. The prime
objective of waste management is to reduce the amount of unusable materials and to avert
potential health and environmental hazards.

What are the 5 ways of waste management?

As citizens of a society we have a responsibility to manage our waste sustainably. We can do

this following the five R's of waste management: reduce, reuse, recycle, recover and
residual management.

The 5 R's of Waste Management

As citizens of a society we have a responsibility to manage our waste sustainably. We can do

this following the five R’s of waste management: reduce, reuse, recycle, recover and residual
management.

Reduce

Reducing waste is the most important thing we can do. By reducing waste, we avoid the
unnecessary use of resources such as materials, energy and water. It means there is less waste
to manage.

How can we reduce waste?

 Buy in bulk to reduce packaging

 Take a reusable shopping bag with you so you don't have to use a paper or plastic bag
from the shop
 Say ‘no’ to a plastic shopping bag when you only have a couple of items
 Choose products that use less packaging
 Buy reusable items rather than disposable ones
 Stick a "no junk mail" sign on your letter box
 Take your lunch to school in a reusable container.
Reuse

The next most important thing we can do is reuse waste material. That way it doesn't go in
the rubbish and end up in the landfill. It also means you don't have to buy a new product.
That saves you money and saves the energy and resources that would have been used to make
the new product.

How can we reuse waste?

 Give unwanted toys and books to hospitals or schools

 Put unwanted clothes in used clothing bins
 Use plastic containers for freezing or storing food items
 Save wrapping paper and boxes to use again
 Use old jars for storage
 Take old magazines to your local doctor's or dentist's surgery
 Shop at second hand stores or use online trading websites to buy items that are
unwanted by others
 Take household items to your council’s resource recovery centre
 Make memo pads out of waste paper
 Re-use envelopes - purchase reuse labels.

Recycle

Recycling involves some form of reprocessing of waste materials to produce another product.
For example, recycling plastic bottles to make buckets.

What can be recycled?

 The main products that can be recycled are paper, cardboard, glass, aluminium, tin
and plastic containers.
 Composting and worm farms are methods of recycling organic waste.
Buy recycled

 You can buy products that are made from recycled materials. This is called ‘Closing
the Loop’.

Recycling in your district

 Different districts collect different recyclables at the kerbside and at their transfer
stations/resource recovery parks. Contact your local city or district council to find out
what they collect.

Recover

 This is the recovery of waste without any pre-processing. For example, waste oils that
cannot be refined for reuse in vehicles can be burnt for energy recovery. Recovering
the energy from waste oil reduces our dependence on coal and imported oil.

Residual Management

This is the last option when waste cannot be used in any other way. Usually, this means
sending rubbish to a landfill. Residual disposal of liquid waste is normally into a sewer or
septic tank.

It is very important to manage residual solid and liquid waste properly. Waste not disposed of
correctly can cause damage to health and the environment.

How is waste managed in Uganda?

Waste Management (WM) in Uganda is a decentralized function vested in local

governments which oversee collection, transportation and disposal.

WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

What are the types waste management

Some of the various waste management types or methods include landfilling, incineration,
recycling, composting, waste-to-energy, and source reduction. The method used in disposing
of waste would depend on the type of waste to be dealt with.

Why implement a waste management system

Implementing a waste management system doesn’t only benefit an organization for legal
compliance purposes and in conserving resources—it can also be a cost-saving strategy for a
company. Additionally, managing waste properly allows businesses to contribute to the
bigger picture of reducing the world’s greenhouse gas emissions.

What are the most common waste management methods?

Landfilling is the most common method used for waste management because landfills can be
used to dispose of various types of waste, including municipal solid waste (MSW),
construction and demolition debris, and hazardous waste. In recent years, however, new
organization strategies are leaning towards more efficient and sustainable ways of disposing
of garbage to reduce the amount of waste being sent to landfills.

What is the best method of waste management?

Although there’s no specific “best” method of waste management per se, sustainable waste
management practices such as reusing, recycling, and composting are generally considered
ideal since they are more environmentally friendly and efficient. The most suitable method
for an organization, however, will still depend on factors such as the type of waste, local
regulations, and other pre-determined requirements.

What is a Waste Management System?

A waste management system is a streamlined process that organizations use to dispose of,
reduce, reuse, and prevent waste. Also known as waste disposal, it is an approach where
companies implement comprehensive strategies to efficiently manage wastes from their
origin until their final disposal. Possible waste disposal methods are recycling, composting,
incineration, landfills, bioremediation, waste to energy, and waste minimization.
As for waste management, it is the measures utilized to manage waste in its entire life cycle,
from waste generation to disposal or recovery.

State the multiple waste management strategies and methods available

Waste Disposal Methods

There are multiple waste management strategies and methods available. These strategies can
be combined or rearranged to form a waste management system that fits an organization.
Modern waste management strategies are geared towards sustainability. Other alternatives for
waste disposal is to reduce, reuse, and recycle waste.

1. Recycling – also known as physical reprocessing, recycling is ideal for the disposal of
inorganic waste such as plastic, glass, and metals. Though organic waste such as
paper and food can also be recycled, composting would be a better waste disposal
method as it converts organic waste into nutrient-rich fertilizer.
2. Waste-to-Energy – or WtE on the other hand, is the conversion of non-recyclable
waste into heat, electricity, or fuel using renewable energy sources such as anaerobic
digestion and plasma gasification.
3. Anaerobic digestion – the biological reprocessing of animal manure and human
excreta into methane-rich biogas. Plasma gasification uses a plasma-filled vessel
operating at high temperatures and low levels of oxygen to transform hazardous waste
into syngas. Another option for disposing of hazardous waste is bioremediation, the
treatment of contaminants, toxins, and pollutants through micro-organisms.

The 5Rs of Waste Management

The 5Rs of waste management are a set of principles that guide efforts to reduce the
environmental impact of waste. These 5Rs are:

1. Refuse – This involves saying no to things that are not necessary, such as single-use
plastics or excessive packaging.
2. Reduce – This emphasizes the importance of minimizing the amount of waste
generated by using fewer resources and being more conscious of consumption.
3. Reuse – Instead of disposing of items after a single use, consider finding ways to
reuse them. This could involve repurposing items or using durable goods that have a
longer lifespan.
4. Repurpose – This involves giving items a new purpose or use, extending their
lifespan, and reducing waste.
5. Recycle – Recycling involves processing used materials into new products, reducing
the need for raw materials, and lowering the overall environmental impact.

These principles are aimed at promoting responsible and sustainable waste management
practices and encouraging individuals and businesses to be more mindful of their
consumption and disposal habits.

What are the 4 types of wastewater treatment?

Four common ways to treat wastewater include physical water treatment, biological water
treatment, chemical treatment, and sludge treatment.
What are the sources of wastewater?

Where does wastewater come from? Sources of wastewater include homes, shops, offices
and factories, farms, transport and fuel depots, vessels, quarries and mines. Water used
in toilets, showers, baths, kitchen sinks and laundries in homes and offices is domestic
wastewater
What is the importance of wastewater management?

Wastewater treatment is crucial in order to protect our environment and the health of
both humans and animals. When wastewater is not treated properly, it can pollute our water
sources, damage natural habitats, and cause serious illnesses

Sewage treatment is a type of wastewater treatment which aims to remove contaminants

from sewage to produce an effluent that is suitable to discharge to the surrounding
environment or an intended reuse application, thereby preventing water pollution from raw
sewage discharges.

The sewage treatment process

As well as delivering safe, clean and reliable water to you, we also need to take it away once
you’ve used it. When you empty the bath, flush the toilet or use your washing machine, it’s
our job to make sure that all that used water – what we call wastewater – is treated and
returned safely into rivers.
1. Taking the wastewater away

Whenever you flush the toilet or empty the sink, the wastewater goes down the drain and into
a pipe, which takes it to a larger sewer pipe under the road. The sewer then joins our network
of other sewers and takes the wastewater to a sewage treatment works.

At the sewage works, we pass the wastewater through several cleaning and filtering processes
so that we can return it safely into rivers.

2. Screening the wastewater

First, we remove large objects that may block or damage equipment or pollute our rivers.
This includes items that should never have been put down the drain in the first place, such as
nappies, wet wipes, sanitary items and cotton buds, and sometimes even things like bricks,
bottles and rags.

We then use special equipment to filter out grit, as this often washes into the sewer with
wastewater.

3. Carrying out primary treatment

Wastewater still contains organic solid matter – otherwise known as human waste. We
separate the waste from the water by putting it into large settlement tanks, where solids sink
to the bottom. We call the settled solids ‘sludge’. Large arms or scrapers help to push the
sludge towards the centre, where it’s then pumped away for further treatment.
The cleaner water passes over a wall near the top of the tank ready for the next stage of the
treatment process.

4. Secondary treatment

Although we’ve removed the visible bits of sludge, we need to take out some of the smaller
and sometimes invisible organisms as well.

At our larger sewage treatment works, we put the wastewater into rectangular tanks called
‘aeration lanes’, which pump air into the water. This encourages the useful bacteria to break
down and eat the harmful bacteria. The more the useful bacteria eat, the more they grow and
multiply, until all the nasty bugs have gone.

5. Carrying out final treatment

We pass the treated wastewater through a final settlement tank, where the useful bacteria sink
to the bottom. This forms more sludge, which we recycle back to the secondary treatment
stage.

The clean water then passes over a wall near the top of the tank.

At this point, we may need to carry out one additional treatment – filtering the water slowly
through a bed of sand, which catches any remaining particles.

6. Generating power

We treat the sludge we collect at the start of the process so that we can put it to good use. We
recycle most of it to agricultural land for farmers to use as fertiliser, but we also use it to
generate energy. We do this in several different ways:

1. Combined heat and power: We treat the sludge using a process called ‘anaerobic
digestion’. This heats the sludge up to high temperatures, encouraging the bacteria
inside to break down the waste. This creates biogas that we can then burn to create
heat, which in turn creates electricity.
2. Thermal destruction: We dry the sludge into blocks called ‘cake’, which are then
burned to generate heat. We capture this heat and turn it into electricity.

7. Returning water to the river and solids to land.

Once the wastewater is clean, we can return it safely to local rivers and streams. Putting clean
water back into the river is very important, as it helps to keep water flowing and wildlife
thriving.

The Environment Agency strictly regulates the quality of the cleaned wastewater, and we test
it to make sure that it meets their high-quality standards.

The ‘sludge cake’ which remains after the energy production is put to good use. We recycle it
to agricultural land for farmers to use as fertiliser.
Introduction health and safety

What are 5 personal safety rules?

 Be alert and aware! While you are walking, keep your mind on what is going on
around you. ...
 Display confidence. Walk with purpose, scan the area around you and make casual
eye contact with others to display confidence. ...
 Keep your hands free. ...
 Trust your instincts. ...
 Ask for help.

How do you ensure personal safety at work?

 Involve everyone in health and safety.

 Identify hazards in your workplace.
 Assess risks.
 Control risks.
 Review controls.
 Record and report safety issues.
 Support return to work.
 Make your workplace healthier.

What are the 10 safety precautions?

 1) Reduce Workplace Stress. ...

 2) Use Tools and Machines Properly. ...
 3) Use Mechanical Aids When Possible. ...
 4) Wear Protective Equipment. ...
 5) Stay Sober. ...
 6) Be Aware of Your Surroundings. ...
 7) Correct Posture Protects Your Back. ...
 8) Be Alert and Awake

Personal protective wears and their importance

It is any equipment or clothing worn by a person to minimise exposure to specific

workplace hazards, including physical, chemical, biological, or airborne agents. PPE
includes items such as safety helmets, gloves, eye protection, high-visibility clothing, safety
footwear, and respiratory protective equipment

What is the 5 importance of PPE?

PPE Protects Against 5 Basic Elements

Eyes (e.g. safety glasses/goggles from particles, corrosive liquids, etc.) Lungs (e.g. respirators
employed to prevent breathing in contaminated air) Body (e.g. clothing to keep warm in cold
conditions) Skin (e.g. gloves to wear when the risk of burns or corrosion exists)
What is the 10 example of PPE?
Including gloves, gowns, shoe covers, head covers, masks, respirators, eye protection,
face shields, and goggles. Gloves help protect you when directly handling potentially
infectious materials or contaminated surfaces. Gowns help protect you from the
contamination of clothing with potentially infectious material
What are the 7 types of protection provided by PPE?
What Are the Seven Types of PPE?

 Head Protection. Typical Forms: Hard hats, bump caps, and headwear. ...
 Eye Protection. Typical Forms: Safety glasses, welding helmets, face shields. ...
 Hearing Protection. Typical Forms: Earmuffs, earplugs. ...
 Hand Protection. ...
 Respiratory Protection. ...
 Foot and Leg Protection. ...
 Body Protection

Industrial accidents and managements

What is the best way to deal with injuries in the workplace?

This article will outline the steps you should take as an employer to deal with a work
injury once it occurs.

1. Step 1: Have a Plan in Place for Incidents. ...

2. Step 2: Respond Immediately With Emergency Action. ...
3. Step 3: Report the Work Injury to Relevant Authorities. ...
4. Step 4: Investigate the Incident.

How do you manage and prevent injuries?

How to Prevent Injuries in Sports: 10 Ways to Prevent Injuries

1. Don't Forget to Warm Up and Cool Down. ...

2. Stretch Regularly. ...
3. Use the Right Protective Equipment. ...
4. Stay Hydrated. ...
5. Don't Slack on Strength Training. ...
6. Avoid Overdoing It. ...
 7. Use Proper Form. ...
8. Take Care of Your Joints.

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

The Environmental Management plan (EMP) is a site specific plan developed to ensure that
the project is implemented in an environmentally sustainable manner and understand the
potential environmental risks arising from the proposed project and take appropriate actions
to minimize those risks.

What is an environmental management plan?

The Environmental Management Plan (EMP)

It consists of a set of mitigation, monitoring and institutional measures to be taken

during the design, construction and operation (post construction) stages of the project.
The plan also includes the. actions needed for implementation of these measures.

How do you develop an EMP for a project?

To develop an EMP from an EIA, identify key impacts, develop feasible and effective
mitigation measures, assign roles and responsibilities, establish a tailored monitoring
program, and review and update regularly.

How can you develop an environmental management plan from an environmental

impact assessment?

An environmental management plan (EMP) is a document that describes how a project or

activity will minimize and mitigate its adverse effects on the environment. An environmental
impact assessment (EIA) is a process that identifies and evaluates the potential environmental
impacts of a proposed project or activity. An EMP is usually developed based on the findings
and recommendations of an EIA. In this article, you will learn how to develop an EMP from
an EIA in six steps.

1 Step 1: Review the EIA report

The first step is to review the EIA report and understand the scope, objectives, methods, and
results of the environmental impact assessment. The EIA report should provide a
comprehensive and balanced analysis of the environmental baseline, the alternatives, the
impacts, and the mitigation measures. You should pay attention to the key issues, the
significant impacts, the assumptions, the uncertainties, and the gaps in the EIA report.

2 Step 2: Define the EMP objectives and scope

The second step is to define the objectives and scope of the EMP. The objectives should be
aligned with the goals and principles of the project or activity, as well as the environmental
policy and regulations. The scope should cover the relevant environmental aspects, such as
air quality, water quality, biodiversity, noise, waste, etc. The scope should also specify the
spatial and temporal boundaries of the EMP, such as the construction, operation, and
decommissioning phases of the project or activity.

3 Step 3: Identify the environmental management actions

The third step is to identify the environmental management actions that will be implemented
to prevent, reduce, or compensate for the environmental impacts of the project or activity.
The environmental management actions should be based on the mitigation measures
proposed in the EIA report, as well as the best available techniques and practices. The
environmental management actions should be specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and
time-bound. They should also include the roles and responsibilities, the resources, and the
costs of implementation.

4 Step 4: Establish the environmental monitoring and evaluation system

The fourth step is to establish the environmental monitoring and evaluation system that will
track and assess the performance and effectiveness of the environmental management actions.
The environmental monitoring and evaluation system should include the indicators, the
methods, the frequency, and the locations of data collection and analysis. The system should
also include the criteria, the thresholds, and the procedures for reporting and corrective
actions. The system should be designed to provide reliable and timely information for
decision-making and improvement.

5 Step 5: Prepare the EMP document

The fifth step is to prepare the EMP document that summarizes and presents the information
and details of the previous steps. The EMP document should follow a clear and logical
structure and format. The document should include an executive summary, an introduction, a
description of the project or activity, a summary of the EIA findings and recommendations, a
description of the environmental management actions, a description of the environmental
monitoring and evaluation system, and a conclusion. The document should also include
relevant appendices, such as maps, tables, charts, etc.

6 Step 6: Implement and update the EMP

The sixth step is to implement and update the EMP according to the plan and the schedule.
The implementation of the EMP should involve the participation and communication of all
the stakeholders, such as the project proponents, the contractors, the regulators, the
communities, etc. The implementation of the EMP should also comply with the legal and
contractual obligations and requirements. The update of the EMP should be based on the
feedback and results of the environmental monitoring and evaluation system. The update of
the EMP should reflect the changes and improvements in the environmental management
actions and the environmental conditions.

What are mitigation measures of adverse environmental impacts?

Mitigation measures are means to prevent, reduce or control adverse environmental effects of
a project, and include restitution for any damage to the environment caused by those effects
through replacement, restoration, compensation or any other means.
What is environmental impact mitigation plan?
Environmental mitigation is the process by which project proponents apply measures to
avoid, minimize, or compensate for the adverse effects and environmental impacts resulting
from their projects
What are the mitigation strategies to protect the environment?
Mitigation measures include policies concerning energy, transportation, food and agriculture,
and land use that will reduce GHG emissions. They include: Energy policies that can promote
development and use of renewable energy, decrease production and use of fossil fuels, and
reduce overall energy demand.

What are the 7 steps of EIA?

Stages of the EIA process

 Screening. Deciding if an EIA is required.

 Scoping. Deciding what needs to be covered in the assessment and reported in the
'EIA Report'
 Preparing the EIA Report. ...
 Making an application and consultation. ...
 Decision making. ...
 Post decision.

Why is the EIA important in Uganda?

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) to examine all development activities likely to
negatively impact on the environment before they are implemented

DEFINITION OF EIA

EIA or AMDAL (in Indonesia), has become a familiar aspect among companies. EIA stands
for Environmental Impact Analysis, which of course, every component of life must be
familiar with and, of course, related to this one aspect. Almost every aspect of life is related
to EIA( Environmental Impact Analysis) because all environmental aspects and their impacts
must be considered and are important.

Discussion on EIA has been included in Government Regulation Number 29 of 1986. EIA is
an analysis of the impact of an activity on the environment and the earth around it.

EIA ( Environmental Impact Analysis) studies are important for the government sector,
companies, and even the community because everything they want to do must have a good
EIA policy. This means that the EIA study becomes a determinant for the formation of
policies that prioritize environmental sustainability around the construction site.

For example, a production company is located in a certain neighborhood close to residential

areas. Of course, the company is obliged to carry out an EIA draft so that the company’s
activities do not pollute the soil, water, or sound in the environment near the settlement.

PURPOSE AND TYPE OF EIA

Before discussing the benefits of EIA ( Environmental Impact Analysis), it is necessary to

know the purpose and the various types of EIA itself. In order for the EIA to be understood
and understood, consider the purpose of having an EIA in the following aspects of life:
  As proof of responsibility for environmental preservation for future generations
 The EIA aims to ensure a quality living environment
 To avoid environmental impacts that are harmful to society
 Shaping the balance of resources as well as the population of the local community
 As a resource that can be renewed and recycled

The purpose of having an EIA study is clear to review the impact on the environment or the
earth. Because basically, humans and the environment must form a balance so that natural
disasters are not caused by humans themselves.

After knowing the purpose of the EIA, the next thing you need to know is the types of EIA
itself. After knowing the various types, the discussion will move on to the benefits of EIA for
various aspects. Therefore, there are 5 types of EIA that need to be known, namely:

1. Single EIA

This type of EIA is an activity or study of a single environmental preservation project that is
regulated by a supervisory agency. The easiest examples of a single type of EIA are hospital
review projects, power plant projects, and the like.

2. Sectoral EIA

Sectoral EIA is an activity and study of impacts on the environment that is carried out
sectorally. The reason is that the determination of the EIA (Environmental Impact Analysis)
review is stipulated by the sectoral minister. For example, a toll road construction project.

3. Social EIA

The third type of EIA is the social EIA, in which the EIA review is carried out by a social
enterprise. In its application, it certainly involves the authority of more than one social
agency.

For example, the EIA project to build a school for scavenger children around the Bantar
Gebang TPA.

4. Regional EIA

As the name suggests, namely regional EIA, this type contains important impacts of activities
or businesses within the scope of a region. This type of regional EIA usually has a wider
scope than the previous types. For example, the mangrove planting project in the Kutawaru
area, Cilacap.

5. Integrated EIA

The last type of EIA is integrated EIA, which in general, is not much different from social
EIA. What distinguishes the two is the focus and study system.

If the social EIA focuses on social aspects, then the integrated EIA contains a bigger and
more integrated impact.
An example of an integrated EIA is an integrated residential development, industrial and
factory development. Therefore, it is not surprising that this type of EIA has a wider scope
and is sometimes more complicated.

4 BENEFITS OF EIA IN VARIOUS ASPECTS

The definition, purpose, and types of EIA have been discussed and understood. So, next is a
discussion of the benefits of EIA. The benefits of the EIA study and project itself must be
seen from various sides, such as the government, investors and project owners, and the
community.

It is mandatory for any party to feel the benefits of an EIA study or project. The following are
4 benefits of EIA that need attention and can be seen from various aspects:

1. EIA for the Government

The benefits of EIA for the government are actually more related to policy formation. The
government has higher authority than any party. Therefore, the benefit of having an EIA is to
help prevent more severe environmental damage and pollution.

In addition, the EIA project has benefits for the government; this project can be used as a
form of government responsibility in preserving and protecting the environment. The ultimate
goal remains the same, namely to avoid conflicts or disasters that will endanger the
community.

2. EIA for Capital Owners

The owner of capital here can be exemplified as a bank that holds power over the capital for
entrepreneurs. The benefit of having an EIA for capital owners is that it is easy to provide
loan capital for a development or project.

That is if a party borrows capital from a bank to build a project and the EIA of the project is
good and of good quality. So, it is an obligation for banks to provide loans for this
development.

3. EIA for Project Owners

The next benefit of EIA is for project owners or companies, where EIA is key for a company.
The EIA will be beneficial for the project owner because it will guarantee that project
development will continue without having to violate the applicable laws and regulations.

An example is when there is construction of a housing complex; of course, the developer

must have a good EIA. So that way, the government and capital owners will give permission
easily. In addition, the community also did not feel disturbed by this development.

4. EIA for the Community

The last benefit is for the community or residents. Having an EIA is useful for the community
to know about certain development plans. In addition, the community can also become
supervisors of projects that are being implemented.
The EIA for the community is useful so that the community is more attentive and aware of
the development of various projects, for example, in the construction of a national park in
which the community is obliged to take part in informing the developer so as not to disturb
animal habitats and so on.

Those are various discussions and information about EIA that should be known. The
application of EIA is certainly required to go through various processes that are not brief.
However, if you choose the EIA service from the SUCOFINDO agency, the EIA study will
be easy and short to do.

SUCOFINDO has complete EIA testing, analysis, consulting, and training facilities.
Therefore, for the community, capital owners, or companies who want to get full and quality
EIA benefits, there is nothing wrong with using the best facilities.

SITE AND INDUSTRIAL WORKING REGULATIONS

Relevant Legislation

 Employment Act: The Employment Act is the primary legislation governing

employment relationships in Uganda. It covers various aspects, including employment
contracts, working hours, wages, leave entitlements, termination procedures,
employee benefits, occupational health and safety, protection against unfair treatment
and dismissal, and collective bargaining. The Employment Act aims to protect the
rights of workers and ensure fair employment practices.
 Occupational Safety and Health Act: The Occupational Safety and Health Act sets
out regulations and standards for creating a safe and healthy work environment. It
outlines the responsibilities of employers in providing a safe workplace, conducting
risk assessments, and implementing safety measures.
 Minimum Wages and Conditions of Employment Act: The Minimum Wages and
Conditions of Employment Act establishes minimum wage rates, working conditions,
and other employment-related provisions for different sectors and categories of
workers.