Maths 0580 IGCSE hard Notes

Numbers
Direct and inverse proportion
Direct: y is proportional to x
Y∝x
Y=kx
Inverse variation: y is inversely proportional to x
y∝1/x
y=k/x

Geometry
Congurence & Similarity
Symmetry
- Line of symmetry: Divides a two-dimensional shape into two congruent
(identical) shapes
 Plane of symmetry: Divides a three-dimensional shape into two
congruent solid shapes
 Rotation symmetry order: The number of times shape fits its outline
during a complete revolution

Polygons
 Sum of angles at a point =360∘=360∘
 Angles on a straight line = 180∘= 180∘
 Sum of angles in a triangle =180∘=180∘
 For regular polygon
o External angles =360∘/n
o Internal angles =180∘−360/n
 For irregular polygon:
o Sum of exterior angles =360
o Sum of interior angles=180(n-2)
Mensuration
Area
- Parallelogram=b x h OR AB sinθ
- Triangle=1/2b x h OR 1/2ab sin c
- Trapezium= ½(a+b)h
- Circle= πr²
- Sector= πr² x θ/360

Volume and Surface Area

Cuboid
o Surface Area = 2(lw + hw + hl)
o Volume = lwh
Cylinder
o Curved surface area = 2πr h
o Volume = πr²h
Cone
o Curved surface area = πrl
o Volume = (1/3)πr²h
Sphere
o Surface Area = 4πr²
o Volume = (4/3)πr³
Hemisphere
o Surface area = 3πr²
o Volume = (2/3)πr³
Kite
Surface area: pq/2