Name: Agoncillo, Sopia Nicole S.

BSN1-Y2-28

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN NURSING:

NCMA111 Laboratory: Health Assessment

COURSE MODULE COURSE LAB WEEK

1 1 4

Pain Management

Potter, P., Stockert, P., Perry, A., Hall, A. (2018). Fundamentals in Nursing. Singapore: Elsevier. Chapter 44
Computer device or smartphone with internet access (at least 54 kbps; average data subscription
will suffice)

Fill in the blanks.

1. Pain can be defined according to its____________________,__________________, and
_____________________.
2. _______________, __________________, and _________________ are the three basic
categories of pain.
3. A person’s reported intensity of pain is determined by an individual’s _________________
(the smallest stimulus where pai is felt) and ________________ (the maximum amount of
pain a person can tolerate).
4. Although the criterion is arbitrary, acute pain can be classified as chronic when it has persisted
for ________________.
5. A chemical substance thought to inhibit the transmission of pain is ________________.
Briefly answer the following.
1. Pain can be categorized by its etiology. List four to six pain syndromes.

2. Name one pathophysiologic response to chronic pain.

3. List five algogenic substances that are released into the tissues and affect the sensitivity of
nociceptors:

4. List seven factors that directly influence an individual’s response to pain:

5. Identify seven factors that a nurse needs to consider for complete pain assessment.

6. Define the term placebo effect.

 7. List four nonpharmacologic interventions for pain management.

8. Distinguish among acute, chronic (persistent, nonmalignant), and cancer-related pain and cite
an example of each.

9. What pain management strategies may be used for those at the end of their life?

10. What are the nursing responsibilities for management of patient-controlled analgesia?

Discussion and Analysis

1. Explain what characteristics need to be present for pain to be classified as chronic
2. Describe the classic Gate Control Theory of pain as described by Melzack and Well in 1965.

3. Explain how does the techniques of distraction work to relieve acute and chronic pain?
CASE STUDY: Pain Experience
Ana is a young, healthy adult who slipped off the stairs going down to the basement and
struck her forehead on the cement flooring. Ana did not lose consciousness but did sustain a mild
concussion and a hematoma that was 5 cm in width and protruded outward about 6 cm. she
experienced immediate acute pain at the site of injury plus a pounding headache.
1. After an immediate assessment of the localized pain, based on the patient’s description,
what does the nurse anticipated regarding pain assessment?

2. During the assessment process, the nurse attempts to determine Ana’s physiologic and
behavioral responses to her pain experience. The nurse is aware that a patient can be in
pain yet appear to be “pain free.” What is a behavioral response indicative of acute pain?

3. The nurse uses distraction to help Ana cope with her pain experience. What suggested
activities can help her cope?

4. After treatment, Ana is discharged to home while still in pain. What should the nurse do?
Potter, P., Stockert, P., Perry, A., Hall, A. (2018). Fundamentals in Nursing. Singapore: Elsevier.
Chapter 44