DEPARTMENT OF BUILDING

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA, SERI ISKANDAR

(PERAK)

DEFECTS LIABILITY PERIOD (DLP)

Prepared by:
NOUR AILEE MELLISA BINTI HAROLD HEIZREEN
2021630814

1
 DEPARTMENT OF BUILDING
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA, SERI ISKANDAR
(PERAK)

DEFECTS LIABILITY PERIOD (DLP)

Prepared by:
NOUR AILEE MELLISA BINTI HAROLD HEIZREEN
2021630814

2
 DEPARTMENT OF BUILDING

COLLEGE OF BUILT ENVIRONMENT (CBE)

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

(PERAK)

FEBRUARY 2024

It is recommended that the report of this practical training be provided

By

Nour Ailee Mellisa Binti Harold Heizreen

2021630814

Entitled

Defects Liability Period (DLP)

Be accepted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for obtaining a diploma in Building.

Report Supervisor : Ts. Nurul Huda Binti Abdul Hadi

Practical Training Coordinator : Dr. Nor Asma Hafizah Hadzaman

Programme Coordinator : Ts. Dr. Mohd Najib Bin Abd Rashid

3
 DEPARTMENT OF BUILDING

COLLEGE OF BUILT ENVIROMENT (CBE)

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

(PERAK)

AUGUST 2023

STUDENT’S DECLARATION

I hereby declare that this report is my own work, except for extract and summaries for
which the original references stated herein, prepared during a practical training
session that I underwent at Perbadanan Kemajuan Negeri Selangor for duration of 20
weeks starting from 21 August 2023 and ended on 5 January 2024. It is submitted as
one of the prerequisite requirements of BGN310 and accepted as a partial fulfilment
of the requirements for obtaining the Diploma in Building.

............................... ..................

Name : Nour Ailee Mellisa Binti Harold Heizreen

UiTM ID No : 2021630814
Date : 12 January 2023

4
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Allhamdullilah, praise to Allah, the Most Merciful and the Most Graceful. I would
like to express my heartfelt gratitude to the following group of incredible people for their
guidance, advice, and assistance throughout my internship training. First and foremost, I
would like to express my gratitude to Ir. Mohd Shahrol bin Md. Sharif and Tuan Azizi Farish
bin Zainal Abdidn for providing me with the opportunity to conduct my training in their
departments and projects. I am delighted to work with the following teams: Encik Afiq
Fadzrul bin Roslan, Encik Ahmed Na’im bin Che Kub @ Ab Rasid, Encik Mohd Tarmizie
bin Nordin, Encik Zafril Ihsan bin Chairul, and Puan Norhazwani binti Zulkepli. Not to
forget on-site team Encik Yusof Alfatah bin Yakub, Encik Mohd Zaki bin Mat Zin, and
Mohd Idris bin Yusop. Shout out to them, who helped me a lot on site, and Puan Suziah binti
Pajol, who helped me with document work and develop my understanding, knowledge, and
feel for real-time projects.

As well as the theory involved in structural, building, and civil works analysis. They
are also in charge of streamlining and evaluating my training. Also, to the quantity surveyor
department, who taught me about BQ and other job scopes of quantity surveyors. Each one of
them taught me very well, from A to Z of construction work until the completed projects.
They spoiled me with a lot of acknowledgement and experience, both in the office and on
site. Indirectly, it helps me improve my ability to understand construction and site
administration procedures, building inspections, and industry best practices. It is a privilege
for me to have the opportunity to cooperate with each one of them.

I would also like to express my gratitude to all the UiTM lecturers who helped have
helped me grow as a student and person, who were directly involved during my industry
training report. I appreciate the time, effort, encouragement, and ideas that Cik Nor Azizah
binti Talkis, Supervising Lecturer. Ts. Nurul Huda binti Abdul Hadi, Evaluation Lecturer. Dr.
Nor Asma Hafizah binti Hadzaman, Practical Training Coordinator.

Finally, I would like to express my gratitude to my friends who have supported me

physically and mentally through my practical training. Kauthar binti Azmi, who was there
with me during my internship and Irfan bin Azlan, who gave me moral support throughout
my practical training. Finally, my parents, who are always present and do their best to guide

i
me. I am grateful to each one of them who assisted in different ways to complete my report
and practical training. Thank you for always being present in many ways.

ii
 ABSTRACT

The Defects Liability Period (DLP) begins on the date of practical completion and lasts for
either 12 or 24 months. When a specific problem is fixed within the DLP, some construction
contracts state that a new DLP for that item will begin now of repair and last for the same
amount of time as the original DLP. This implies that even though the DLP has ended for the
remaining works, for certain items of work, it may continue to run until the item shows no
more post-repair defects. Developer and contractor will accept any report of house defects
that was reported by the owner of the house. Furthermore, the DLP is important and may start
on the day the plant and equipment are commissioned under certain service or supply
contracts, or it may be completely superseded by a particular warranty. As a result,
Perbadanan Kemajuan Negeri Selangor (PKNS), which is the client of the residential, will
provide and accept all the reports from the owner to give the best service and hear all the
reports to repair the defects and deliver the key to the house in good condition.

iii
CONTENT PAGE NO

Acknowledgements i-ii
Abstract iii
Content iv
List of Tables v
List of Figures vi

CHAPTER 1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of Study 1- 2
1.2 Objectives 3
1.3 Scope of Study 3
1.4 Methods of Study 3-4

CHAPTER 2.0 COMPANY BACKGROUND

2.1 Introduction of Company 5
2.2 Company Profile 6
2.3 Organization Chart 7
2.4 List of Project
2.4.1 Completed Projects 8-10
2.4.2 Project in Progress 11-12

CHAPTER 3.0 CASE STUDY

3.1 Introduction to Case Study 13-16
3.2 The process of Defects Liability Period 17
3.3 Problem Occurred During Construction Work 18-19
3.4 Type of Defects 20-23

CHAPTER 4.0 CONCLUSION

4.1 Conclusion 24

REFERENCE 25

iv
 LIST OF TABLES

Table 2.1: Organization Chart of Pembangunan Kota Puteri 7

Table 2.2: List of Completed Projects 8

Table 2.3: List of Project in Progress 11

Table 3.1: List of Defects 20

v
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 2.1: Front view of the office 5

Figure 2.2: Elevated Drain 8
Figure 2.3: Sewerage Treatment Plant 8
Figure 2.4: Sales Gallery Kota Puteri 9
Figure 2.5: Rumah Contoh Arianna 9
Figure 2.6: Rumah Pam, Kota Puteri 10
Figure 2.7: Rumah Contoh Arianna 2 11
Figure 2.8: Retaining Wall 11
Figure 2.9: 72 Unit Puteri Arianna 2 12
Figure 3.1: Site Area for Defects Liability Period 14
Figure 3.2: Layout of Site Plan 14
Figure 3.3: Section A-A of the house layout 15
Figure 3.4: Layout of Front Elevation, Back Elevation & Side Elevation 15
Figure 3.5: Layout of The First Floor 16
Figure 3.6: Layout Plan of The Bathroom 16
Figure 3.7: Broken Window 20
Figure 3.8: Broken Wall & Pipe 20
Figure 3.9: Lamp Switch 21
Figure 3.10: Leaking Faucet 21
Figure 3.11: Rusty Gate 22
Figure 3.12: Wall Stain 22
Figure 3.13: Scrapping Wall 22
Figure 3.14: Finishing of Painting 23
Figure 3.15: Iron Mongary 23
Figure 3.16: Broken Wall 23

vi
 CHAPTER 1.0

INTRODUCTION

1.1. Background Of Study

The defect liability period practice in Nigeria compared to other developing

countries is a major issue to contend with. This study is aimed at conducting a
comparative study of defects liability period of building construction practices
between Malaysia and Nigeria in accordance with the respective standard Form of
Contract. Research has proved that significant proportion of fund are for the
rectification work to correct defects at the point when the building is completed,
while some funds are spent to rectify defects that appear during the building life
(Alejo, Ahmad & Folorunso, 2012).

Defect is defined as the finished project's inability to meet the quantitative

obligation, implicit quality, or stated quality of the construction contract in the
context of a building contract. Building flaws might arise at the time of construction,
during the defect’s liability period, or beyond the defect’s liability period. Most of
the flaws that have been confirmed in recent years happened during the building
phase. Latent and patent flaws are the two primary categories into which defects can
be viewed and categorised. Latent flaws are ones that are hidden or covered up and
that are not likely to be found during a routine inspection.

Building inspections are required in construction for several reasons. A

reputation for lower quality at consumption has been fostered by end users' limited
participation in defining functional and quality requirements. Project performance
may suffer because of construction flaws. Cost and time both increase (Forcada et al.,
2015). According to Rotimi et al. (2015), sufficient supporting evidence suggests that
there are a significant number of flaws in newly constructed residential
buildings needs close consideration.

1
 Most of the funding is used to fix problems that arise during the building
process, with a sizable amount going into rectification work to address issues that
arise after the structure is finished. Lack of oversight or supervision by accountable
authorities, a lack of technical know-how and complete reliance on contractors or
consultants, a lack of coordination between the agencies involved, internal issues that
the contractors must deal with, and contractual disputes are the common causes of
the defects that have been highlighted.

Most projects deal with substandard work and the potential for faults, which
typically arise in structures that are unable to serve the reasons for which they were
designed. Legally speaking, a building flaw is any element that is built against the
terms of the contract or any activity that has effects that are not permitted by the
terms of the contract.

Typically, Defects Liability Period (DLP) is 12 to 24 months from the date of

practical completion. When a specific problem is fixed within the DLP, some
construction contracts state that a new DLP for that item will begin at the moment of
repair and last for the same amount of time as the original DLP. This implies that
even while the DLP has expired for the remaining works, it may still apply to select
items of work until they show no more post-repair defects. The Construction Industry
Development Board (CIDB 2000) form's subclause 27.1 and the Pertubuhan Akitek
Malaysia (PAM 2006) form's clause 15.4 permit the superintending officer or
architect to record in the schedule any shrinkage, imperfection, or other fault that
appears during the defect liability period and is caused by improperly executed work
or materials.

Residential for Puteri Soraya, Kota Puteri is on the Defects Liability Period.
Where need to give more attention to the owner reports for their house defect before
handover keys to the owner. Where all reports will receive to the developer for them
to inform to the contractor. This is the part where contractor started handlings all the
defects and repair the house for the owner based on the reports that they submit to
developer.

2
1.2. Objectives

I. To investigate the process Defects Liability Period (DLP).

II. To identify the cause of the defects and how to overcome all the problem that
occurs.
III. To recognize the type and kind of defects of the house.

1.3. Scope of Study

This study was carried out at Puteri Soraya, Kota Puteri. Where is under observation
of Perbadanan Kemajuan Negeri Selangor (PKNS). This study is focusing on how
the process of Defect Liability Period (DLP) works and how the process from the
owner report to the developer to return them the goods. The issue for this scope study
is to be alert about the defects and how to overcome the issue that the developer to
inform to the contractor to fix all the defects. Such as leaking, crack, painting and
any visual defects. Other than that, all the contractors will repair all the defects in the
period where they already give. Making sure all the house that already reported
returned in good condition to the owner.

1.4. Method of Study

i. Observation
There are not many data collection techniques used in this report. The most
crucial method of gathering data is observation, which should come first.
Making an observation makes understanding simple. What is happening, and
it will most likely be discussed within the company to maintain teams and
operates in harmony. Observe the defects of the house to make sure to
identify all the defects that cause of the house in bad shape. For the entire
time of Internship, this method will be the main method for all the problem
that need to be settled down. Where we will need to taking picture of the
defects and jotting down all the problems. From that we will identify what
need to repair the most need to give attention more to the house.

3
ii. Interviews
Another technique to get vital facts and data for the website is through an
interview. This kind of interview was carried out to collect any relevant data
that would be utilized in the report, as well as to learn more by getting
information from those who have more knowledge in the building industry by
speaking with the site supervisor, labourers, manager, and contractor. By
possessing an interview, it will help by offering some vital details
regarding to an earlier project that applied the same technique.
iii. Research
This method of study helps a lot to gain some of the information that
complete my puzzle for the certain information. Doing some research for the
topic that leave questionable. Where used internet and website on some topic
that need more information, or read some articles based on the topic on the
google scholar where the authentic info can get from the articles. Where some
of the people doing research for the specific topic.

4
 Chapter 2.0

Organization Background

2.1. Introduction of Organization

Figure 2.1: Front view of the office

Established on 1st August 1964 under the Selangor State Development Corporation
Enactment (1964) as a statutory body and development agency for the state of Selangor. Its
establishment was intended to uphold the country’s independence through just economic
distribution and socio-economic growth that are guided by government policies in order to
create stability, harmony and social justice, specifically in the state of Selangor.

This aspiration can be fulfilled through the development of new growth centres,
exploration of vibrant and sustainable residential areas, and development of industrial and
business centres as well as various investment activities.

In view of a sustainable future, the new headquarters, Laman PKNS, was built as an
iconic landmark and a symbol of progress and dynamism through use of energy that is more
efficient compared to conventional offices. Its design meets the requirements of the Green
Building Index (GBI) and its architecture complements the serenity of the Shah Alam Lake.

5
2.2. Organization Profiles

Organization Name : Perbadanan Kemajuan Negeri Selangor (PKNS)

Year of Cooperation : 1964

Contact Info : Telephone 03 5525 0300

: Whatsapp 010 928 0187
: Email inquiry@pkns.gov.my

Address : Bangunan Ibu Pejabat PKNS, No 2, Jalan Indah 14/8,

Seksyen 14, 40000, Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan.

Organization Status : Government

6
2.3 Organization Chart

Table 2.1: Organization Chart7of Pembangunan Kota Puteri

2.4 List of Projects

2.4.1 Completed Projects

Table 2.2: List of Completed Projects
NO. Project Title Project Value Start Date Completion Date Project Duration Contractor

1. Elevated Drain. RM 19/11/2018 30/12/2022 4 Years, 1 Month, PI BRILLIANT

SDN.BHD
2,000,000.00 11 Days

Figure 2.2: Elevated

Drain

2. Sewerage Treatment RM 25/2/2019 15/9/2023 4 Years, 6 Months, Pakar Management

Plant. Technology
18,285 300.00 21 Days SDN.BHD

Figure 2.3: Sewerage

Treatment Plant

8
NO. Project Title Project Value Start Date Completion Date Project Duration Contractor

3. Galeri Kota Puteri RM

2,000,000.00 29/6/2022 10/1/2023 28 Weeks Metrics Global

SDN.BHD

Figure 2.4: Galeri Kota

Puteri

4. Rumah Contoh Arianna RM

715,000.00 16/01/2023 23/10/2023 9 Months, 7 Days TTK Enterprise

SDN. BHD.

Figure 2.5: Rumah

Contoh Arianna

9
NO. Project Title Project Value Start Date Completion Date Project Duration Contractor

5. Rumah Pam RM

1,595,780.35 15/1/2019 27/2/2023 4 years, 1 month, Unitech Services

SDN.BHD
12 days

Figure 2.6: Rumah

Pam, Kota Puteri

10
 2.4.2 Project in progress
Table 2.3: List of Project in Progress
NO. Project Title Project Value Start Date Contractor

1. Rumah Contoh RM

2.6 million 10/5/2023 Mersik Global Ventures

SDN.BHD.

Figure 2.7: Rumah Contoh Arianna 2

2. Retaining Wall RM

2.6 million 15/8/2023 Mersik Global Ventures

SDN. BHD.

Figure 2.8: Retaining Wall

11
NO. Project Title Project Value Start Date Contractor

3. Rumah 72 Unit Arianna RM

20, 961, 958. 94 30/10/2023 TTK Enterprise

SDN. BHD.

Figure 2.9: 72 Unit Puteri Arianna 2

12
 CHAPTER 3.0

CASE STUDY

3.1. Introduction to Study Case

They are two projects that I have been assigned for the Defects Liability
Period which is Puteri Aira that cost up to RM 28,359,837.42 and the duration of the
projects to get done is 1 year 11 months and 25 days. Coming up with Puteri Soraya
which the values up to RM 29, 499, 663.02 and the duration of the projects is 1 Years
2 months and 29 days. Both projects are under the DLP at the same time.

Pembangunan Kemajuan Negeri Selangor (PKNS) assigned two contractors

for the defects and one contractor for one project. The projects that involve DLP are
Puteri Soraya, which assigned Sri Pantas Sdn. Bhd. as their contractor responsible for
the defects, and Santun Tegas Sdn. Bhd. for Puteri Aira projects. Which is located at
Kota Puteri, 48100 Batu Arang,Selangor. All the contractors will repair the defects
during the liability period. Which is between 12 months after the construction is
completed. All the reports will be made by the owner of the house. All the defects will
be cost-incurred by all the contractors. All the owners will receive the key back once
all the defects have been repaired by the contractor, and the house will be handed over
to the owner in good condition. All the owners need to report in a document and give
all the details of the defects in the house. For the contractors and developers, take note
of all the defects. The residential is at the new area of the town. Where a town that in
process to build up become an advanced development in future. This project near to
the shop and small town of shop which is easy for the residents to get essentials.

13
Figure 3.1: Site Area for Defects Liability Period
Source: https://www.google.com/maps

Figure 3.2: Layout of Site Plan

14
 Figure 3.3: Section A-A of the house layout

Figure 3.4: Layout of Front Elevation, Back Elevation & Side Elevation

15
Figure 3.5: Layout of the First Floor

Figure 3.6: Layout Plan for Bathroom

16
3.2. The process of Defects Liability Period

Basically, the developer will provide a form for the owner to fill the form and
jotting down the defects list of the house. Owner of the house encourage for keep a
copy for their own and include all the defects photo of the house. The owner will
submit the form to the developer after finished fill all the needs in the form that
already provided by the developer. On the other hands If the type of the building is
high rise building. The owner will submit it to the management office.

Next, the contractor will have time of period given to make repairs for all the
defects of the house. Once, the repairs are done the developer will call you to make
another inspection after the repairs.

The contractor will start their work when they get the reports from the owner.
After getting notify all the repairing works, they will give their best to repair all the
defects that already reported by the owner. Mostly the defects that do not require new
material. They will start to repair those defects at the first place. Since, the defects that
requires new material need to wait for the supplier to deliver those things to them.

Once all the material that need is on their hand. Contractor will starts doing it
right after all the material is complete. Most of the materials that need to wait for the
contractor prepare is such a painting, door leaves, ironmongery and other material that
affects the most.

They will making sure everything is done before the time that given by the
developer. It takes times between 2 weeks to 1 Month.

17
3.3. Problem Occurred During Construction Work

3.3.1 Bad weather condition

The common problem that is always the main obstacle is on rainy

days. The problem has been encountered and is beyond our control. Most of
the workers will stop working and delay the services due to defects. This is
because the period of the repair is in the month that rain frequently happens.
Due to defects such as painting, it needs dry surroundings to let the paintings
dry faster and not cause any waste. An ideal temperature and moisture level
must be met for them to reach maximum strength.

Where plaster and paintings require heat for the curing phase to reach
their maximum strength and good outcomes, Heavy rain can cause total
defects in the plaster and painting and cause them to discolour and not reach
their maximum strength. Plaster needs to be completely dried and reach the
minimum threshold for it to be effective. Certain chemical reactions will not
occur when temperatures fall below the threshold, causing the plaster and the
painting to not get the good finishing or results that we need.

3.3.2 Language Issues among foreign workers

Communication is important to make sure all the information and

instructions received from all parties are clear. Since the labour of the
contractor is that of foreign workers, all the information is needed to make
sure that they understand and can take immediate action. It is important to
make sure that they understand all their work and instructions.

Mostly, the usual language used is Bahasa, and they still need to learn
the basics of the language to understand us well when receiving instructions.
Since we need to communicate through them, most of the labour is from
Bangladesh.

18
3.3.3 Time that taken for completed all the defects

Time taken can be the main reason for problems that can occur during
the construction works. Because time is one of the main problems that can be
discussed by all parties, where all parties need all the work to be done in a
short time. So, all the parties will be happy with the outcomes of the process.

There are a lot of reasons that can cause a delay in time. Such as:

i. Reports that were received from owners

Reports can pile up every week. They will need time to inspect the
defects and repair them. The contractor will figure out all the
defects and inspect them before they start their work. With a lot of
reports, they will need more time to settle all the defects. Because
every report will have a different type of defect. Some defects can
be complicated and take a lot of time.

ii. Types of Defects

Some defects can be complicated, and it takes time to repair them.
Such as tiles. Where the defects need a lot of steps to hack, cement
render, and for toilets, they need to be waterproofed before they are
complete. To highlight here that every defect takes a different time
of period. The owners need to understand that every defect might
take a bit of time based on the major or minor defects. Other than
that, some defects need new material to get the defect fixed and
replace the old one to make it as good as new.

iii. Lack of materials

Defects that need to be replaced might take some time for the
contractor to replace them. Where the contractor will order it from
the supplier and wait for the order to arrive. This is the part where
the repair takes a little bit of time to get done. The supplier will
play the main role in supplying the materials that we need.

19
 3.3.4. Type of Defects

Table 3.1: List of Defects

How to overcome the
Types Of Defects Reason
problems

1. Broken Windows - Incorrect

i. Change the new
window
glass panel
installation.
window.
- Weak
ii. Making sure to
workmanship.
install it with the
correct way.
iii. Ask labour that
good at it to fix
the window.
Figure 3.7: Broken Windows

2. Hole on the wall and broken

- Labour did not i. Cement and
pipe.
cement the wall plaster the wall
after the to cover the
plumbing work. hole.
- Using the broken ii. Change the new
PVC Pipe. PVC Pipe to
prevent from
leaking.
iii. Plumbers need
Figure 3.8: Broken wall and to recheck the
Pipe
work after the
repair is done.

20
 How to overcome the
Types Of Defects Reason
problems

3. Broken Lamp Switch - Incorrect

i. Deprive the
installation of
switch and fix
switch.
all the wire to
- Bad finishing of
make sure the
the switch.
switch is
functioning.
ii. Making sure to
Figure 3.9: Lamp Switch
install it with the
correct way.
iii. Wiring man
should fix the
problem.

4. Leaking Faucet.
- Incorrect i. Find a source of
installation by the leakage.
the workers. ii. Making sure the
- Can cause an labours install it
effect to the in the correct
painting on the way.
wall. iii. After the repair,
- The faucet will recheck if stills
get rusty. a leakage on that
Figure 3.10: Leaking area.
Faucet.

21
 How to overcome the
Types Of Defects Reason
problems

5. Rusty Gate. - Cause of

i. Repaint the gate.
temperature at
ii. Making sure the
that moment
gate in the good
quite damp.
shape.
- Weather that
uncertain.

Figure 3.11: Rusty Gate

6. Stain Wall.
- Stain from the i. Repaint the wall
leakage. based on the
- Plastering works. original colour.
- Water Stain. ii. Making sure the
source of
leakage is no
longer leak, that
cause the stain
on the wall.
Figure 3.12: Wall Stain

Figure 3.13: Scrapping

Wall

22
 How to overcome the
Types Of Defects Reason
problems

7. Bad Finishing of Painting works. - Poor

i. Fix the
workmanship.
painting.
ii. Contractors
need to check
all their
Figure 3.14: Finishing of painting labours work.

8. Broken Iron Mongary.

- The labours i. Installing the
are not alert new one.
while ii. Checks the
installing the material, for
iron mongary. making sure
- Using the the material is
poor material. functioning.

Figure 3.15: Iron Mongery

9. Broken Wall.
- Poor i. Checks the
workmanship source of the
of plumber. problem.
- Water ii. Fix the wall
pressures and repaint the
form the pipe. broken wall.

Figure 3.16: Broken Wall

23
 CHAPTER 4.0

CONCLUSION
In conclusion, Defects Liability Period is one phase that need to focus on, after the projects
done and ready or safe to stay. Which, this phase can identify if the contractor did well in the
task that given. Clients can see the outcomes of the projects based on the quantity defects that
have been reported through the owner of the house. It is also giving a chance to the contractor
to show or prove that outcomes of the projects are in a good hand or not while they are
completing the projects that given by the clients.

Through out the repairing period, the contractor needs to alert with all the reports and make a
fast action to the defects. Which, it is to keep the owner satisfy and felt worth with the house
that they bought. Other than that, keep ready with varieties of defects that might expected to
happen and not. Handling things on something is unexpected is a must, through out DLP
phase. Other than that, developer need to keep eye on the contractor and keep track all the
repairing works. Avoid making a same mistake that can be source of the defects happens
again. Making a same mistake, can lead to waste of money to provide materials and labour
cost.

In other hand, throughout DLP, Owner of the house can check all the defects of the house and
making sure bought a house in a good hand and shape. It also gives owner a chance to repair
all the defects without spending extra money to pay their own contractor to repair all the
defects of the house.

Defects Liability Period is a step where developer, contractor and owner need to give
attention too. Because this Period is important for every parties.

24
REFERENCES

Journal:

Asante, L. A., Quansah, D. P. O., Ayitey, J., & Kuusaana, E. D. (2017). The Practice of

Defect Liability Period in the Real Estate Industry in Ghana. SAGE Open, 7(3),

215824401772703. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244017727038

Alejo, A., Ahmad, R., & Folorunso, C. (2012). Comparative Study of Defect
Liability Period Practice in Malaysia and Nigeria Building Industry. International
Journal of Innovation, Management and Technology, Vol. 3, No. 6.
https://ijimt.org/papers/343-CM336.pdf

Kam, K. J., Lim, X. J., Lim, T. S., & Soon, L. T. (2023). A Study on Building Inspection and

Building Defect Rectification From the Contractors’ and House Buyers’

Sentiments. Advances in Civil and Industrial Engineering, 235–255.

https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-8253-7.ch013

Hassan, Padzil & Ismail, Zulhabri & Mohd Isa, Haryati & Takim, Roshana. (2011). Tracking
architectural defects in the Malaysian hospital projects. ISBEIA 2011 - 2011 IEEE
Symposium on Business, Engineering and Industrial Applications. 298-302.
10.1109/ISBEIA.2011.6088825.

25
26