Part I.

Multiple Choice

1. It states that for any closed system formed from known amounts of prescribed chemical species,
the equilibrium state is completely determined when any two independent variables are fixed.
A. Phase Rule C. Trouton's Rule
B. Gibb's theorem D. Duhem's Theorem

2. How is the distribution among two or more phases at equilibrium by?

A. Application of Gibbs Free energy C. Application of Raoult's law
B. Application of Material Balance D. Application of Energy Balance

3. The chemical potential of a species is

A. different in all phases at physical C. different in all phases at chemical
equilibrium equilibrium
B. same in all phases at physical equilibrium D. same in all phases at chemical equilibrium

4. At equilibrium the total Gibb's free energy for all phases at a given temperature and pressure is
A. Minimum C. Infinity
B. Maximum D. Zero

5. Which of the following statements is TRUE? reference ewan q

I. The mixed state has the same Gibbs energy with respect to the unmixed state.
II. The mixed state has lower Gibbs energy with respect to the unmixed state.
III. The mixed state has higher Gibbs energy with respect to the unmixed state.
A. I C. III
B. II D. none of the above

6. Which of the following conditions are TRUE for a single-phase binary mixture to be stable at a
fixed temperature and pressure?
I. AG is a continuous function of composition of its component.
II. The first and second derivatives of AG are continuous function of its component.
III. The second derivatives of AG as a function of its component is positive.
A. I & II only C. I & III only
B. II & III only D. all of these

7. A thermodynamic equation for equilibrium between phases that gives the rate of change of
pressure with respect to temperature as ratio of the change in heat of transition with changes in
volumes of the phases over temperature.
A. Clapeyron Equation B. Clausius-Clapeyron Equation
C. Margules Equation D. Gamma/Phi Modelling

8. It refers to an approach to model the vapor-liquid equilibrium of mixtures which incorporates the
activity coefficient for the liquid and mixture fugacity coefficient for the vapor in the calculation.
A. Clapeyron Equation B. Clausius-Clapeyron Equation
C. Margules Equation - determination of D. Gamma/Phi Modelling
activity coefficient (arnie lecture)

9. The natural logarithm of the activity coefficient of a component in a mixture is a partial molar
property of the ______ molar Gibbs free energy, divided by RT
A. residual C. real
B. excess D. ideal

10. The general expression for vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) is the

𝑠𝑎𝑡 𝑠𝑎𝑡
A. 𝑦𝑖𝑃 = 𝑥𝑖𝑃 C. 𝑦𝑖Φ𝑖𝑃 = 𝑥𝑖γ𝑖𝑃
𝑠𝑎𝑡 𝑠𝑎𝑡
B. 𝑦𝑖𝑃 = 𝑥𝑖γ𝑖𝑃 D. 𝑦𝑖Φ𝑖𝑃 = 𝑥𝑖𝑃

Part II. Problem Solving

1. At T = 179.88°C, the vapor pressure of water is P = 10 bar. At these conditions, ∆Hvap = 2014.59
kJ/kg, VV = 0.1944 m3/kg, and VL = 0.001127 m3/kg.
A. Using only this information, estimate the vapor pressure of water at 100°C, 130°C, 150°C, 200°C,
250°C, 300°C and 350°C.
B. Compare your results to the data using the steam tables (tabulate your answer). State the
percentage difference.
C. Plot your answer for both the estimated values and the steam table.

2. Consider a binary mixture for which the excess Gibbs energy is given by GE/RT = 2.6x1x2. For each
of the following overall compositions, determine whether one or two liquid phases will be present. If
two liquid phases will be present, find their compositions and the amount of each phase present
(phase fractions).
(a) z1 = 0.2
(b) z1 = 0.3
(c) z1 = 0.5
(d) z1 = 0.7
(e) z1 = 0.8

3. Assuming modified Raoult's law applies to the system of acetone(1)/methanol (2), construct a
Pxy diagram for temperature of 50°C. Provide all formula used and assumption in the calculation.
For the activity coefficients, using the following equations:
2 2
𝑙𝑛γ1 = 0. 64𝑥2 𝑙𝑛γ2 = 0. 64𝑥1