EXPLORING

VOLCANOES
AT THE END OF THE DISCUSSION, THE STUDENTS WILL BE
ABLE TO:
DISCUSS THE CHARACTERISTICS AND PARTS OF A
VOLCANO
DISTINGUISH THE DIFFERENT PARTS OF A VOLCANO
JUSTIFY AND DEBUNK THE MYTHS AND
MISCONCEPTIONS ALIGNED WITH THE ANATOMY OF
THE VOLCANOES
 RING OF FIRE

The Ring of Fire is a

horseshoe-shaped belt
of intense volcanic
activity and frequent
earthquakes that
encircles the edges of
the Pacific Ocean. This
region is home to
approximately 75% of
the world's active
volcanoes
Volcanoes are openings in the Earth's crust through which
molten rock, gas, and other materials are released from deep
within the Earth.
Volcanoes are formed when molten rock
called magma rises to the surface. The
magma can come from the Earth's
mantle or from subduction zones where
one tectonic plate slides beneath another.
PARTS OF A VOLCANO ash cloud

crater lava flow

sill conduit

magma cone
chamber
MAGMA CHAMBER:
A reservoir where magma is stored beneath the volcano.
ASH CLOUD:
Mass of tiny volcanic rock fragments, dust, and gases that are released
into the air.
CONDUIT:
A pipe-like structure that connects the magma chamber to the surface.
SILL:
Flat rock formation that forms when molten magma cools
and solidifies in a crack or fissure.
CRATER:
The bowl-shaped depression at the top of the volcano.
CONE:
Steep, conical-shaped hill or mountain formed by layers of
volcanic material.
LAVA:
Molten rock that flows from a volcano during an
eruption.
 THE AWAKENING:
HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=_VVKUHX1QJ4
TYPES OF

VOLCANOES
ACTIVE VOLCANOES HAVE A RECENT HISTORY OF
ERUPTIONS; THEY ARE LIKELY TO ERUPT AGAIN.

DORMANT VOLCANOES HAVE NOT ERUPTED FOR A VERY

LONG TIME BUT MAY ERUPT AT A FUTURE TIME.

EXTINCT VOLCANOES ARE NOT EXPECTED TO ERUPT IN THE

FUTURE.
TYPES OF

VOLCANOES
DESCRIPTION:
Broad, gently sloping volcanoes with a shape resembling a
warrior's shield. They are formed from layers of cooled lava.

ERUPTION STYLE:
Generally characterized by non-explosive, effusive eruptions
with the outpouring of lava flows.
EXAMPLES:
Mauna Loa in Hawaii, Mount Etna in
Italy
SHIELD VOLCANO
DESCRIPTION:
Steep-sided, conical volcanoes formed by explosive
eruptions of ash, cinders, and dust.
ERUPTION STYLE:
Explosive eruptions that eject fragments of lava and
volcanic ash into the air.

EXAMPLES:
CINDER CONE VOLCANO
Paricutin in Mexico, Sunset Crater in
Arizona
DESCRIPTION:
Tall and symmetrical volcanoes composed of
layers of lava flows and volcanic ash.

ERUPTION STYLE:
Can have both explosive eruptions and
effusive eruptions.
EXAMPLES:
Mount Fuji in Japan, and Mount St.
Helens in the United States
COMPOSITE CONE VOLCANO
TYPES OF

VOLCANO
ERUPTIONS
ICELANDIC ERUPTION

DESCRIPTION:
Volcanic eruptions produce runny lava that floods the Earth's surface through
long cracks called fissures, which can be up to 15 miles long.

EXAMPLES:

The Deccan Plateau in India and the Columbia Plateau in the western United
States are both large lava plateaus. The Deccan Plateau covers 100,000 square
miles while the Columbia Plateau is the largest lava plateau in the world.
HAWAIIAN ERUPTION

DESCRIPTION:

Volcanic eruptions characterized by numerous fissures result in

large quantities of hot, thin, and runny lava that flows rapidly
out of the main vent.

EXAMPLE:

Kilauea, located on the Big Island of Hawaii

STROMBOLIAN ERUPTION

DESCRIPTION:
Short, explosive eruptions shoot thick and pasty lava, steam, and gas into the air,
producing little to no lava. The resulting steep-sided cone is called a cinder cone.

EXAMPLES:

Named after the volcanic island of Stromboli near Italy, eruptions have been
occurring almost continuously for centuries. Due to its frequent eruptions,
Stromboli is often referred to as the "Lighthouse of the Mediterranean," as it
erupts approximately every 20 minutes.
VULCANIAN ERUPTION

DESCRIPTION:

Vulcanian eruptions produce high dark clouds of steam, ash, and gas, which build a
cauliflower-shaped head and a thinner, tree trunk-like base. After this, thick pasty
lava is ejected. These eruptions usually build a steep-sided cone that is more
symmetrical than a cinder cone.

EXAMPLES:

Krakatoa (Krakatau) in Indonesia, and Katla in Iceland

STRATOVOLCANOES ERUPTION

DESCRIPTION:
The most common type of volcanic cone, first the volcano will have an explosive eruption
that ejects huge amounts of steam, gas, and ash followed by the ejection of lava. They
are created from a combination of eruptions forming layers of ash and lava.

EXAMPLES:

Mt. Fuji in Japan, and Mt. Etna in Sicily

PELEAN ERUPTION

DESCRIPTION:
Violent explosion resulting in the collapse of the volcano's summit and the release
of a destructive pyroclastic flow. This flow is a rapid and destructive mixture of
hot ash, gas, and rocks that annihilates everything in its path.

EXAMPLES:

Mount Pelée in Martinique, and Soufrière Hills in Montserrat

PLINIAN ERUPTION

DESCRIPTION:

The most powerful eruption type, with a towering ash

cloud reaching up to 50,000 feet (about 10 miles) in
height, and extremely dangerous pyroclastic flows.

EXAMPLES:

Mt. Vesuvius in Pompei, and Mount St. Helens in United States

MATERIALS FROM

VOLCANO
ERUPTIONS
LAVA
Molten rock that flows from a volcano during an eruption.

PYROCLASTIC MATERIAL:
Fragments of lava, ash, and rock ejected into the air during explosive eruptions.

VOLCANIC ASH:
Fine particles of fragmented volcanic rock that can be carried by wind over long distances.

VOLCANIC GASES:
Gases, including water vapor, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and others, released during eruptions.
PREPARING FOR

VOLCANO
ERUPTIONS
 Volcanic eruptions can be dangerous, but with proper preparation,
we can stay safe. Here's how:

STAY INFORMED EMERGENCY PLAN EMERGENCY KIT EVACUATION ROUTES

Pay attention to official Create a family Prepare a kit with Familiarize yourself with
warnings, updates, and emergency plan that essential items like food, evacuation routes and
evacuation orders from includes meeting points, water, first aid supplies, practice evacuation drills
local authorities. communication methods, flashlights, and batteries. with your family.
and a designated
emergency kit.
THANK YOU!