Attalus I (269–197 BC) ruled the Ionian Greek Pergamene Kingdom from 241 BC until his death.

He
won an important victory, the Battle of the Caecus River, against the Galatians, a group of
migratory Celtic tribes from Thrace, who had been plundering and exacting tribute through most
of Asia Minor for decades.

The victory was celebrated with a triumphal monument at Pergamon (The Dying Gaul) and Attalus
taking the title of king (basileus). He participated as an ally of Rome in the First and Second
Macedonian Wars against Philip V of Macedon. He conducted numerous naval operations in
the Aegean, gaining the island of Aegina for Pergamon during the first war and Andros during the
second. Attalus styled himself as a protector of the freedoms of the Greek cities of Asia Minor and
portrayed himself as the champion of Greeks against barbarians. He funded art and monuments in
Pergamon and in Greek cities he sought to cultivate as allies. He died at the age of 72 and was
succeeded by his son Eumenes II.