ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS

ADJETIVES
WHAT’S AN ADJECTIVE? // ¿QUÉ ES UN ADJETIVO?

 An adjective describes a noun or a pronoun (someone or something). / Un adjetivo describe un sustantivo o un pronombre (alguien o
algo).

 An adjective comes before the noun: / Un adjetivo va delante del sustantivo:

 We made slow progress. / avanzamos lentamente

 He is an amazing cook. / es un cocinero incredible
 It can also come after verbs that describe someone or something e.g. ‘be’, ‘get’, ‘become’, etc. (called linking verbs) or a sense verb
(smell, taste, feel, look, seem, etc.)
 Our progress was/seemed/felt slow. / Nuestro progreso fue/pareció/se sintió lento
 His food tastes/smells/looks amazing. / Su comida sabe/huele/se ve increíble

PARTICIPLE ADJECTIVES // ADJETIVOS PARTICIPIOS

 Some adjectives are formed out of the present and past participle of verbs.

To amaze  amazing/amazed / Asombrar  asombroso / asombrado

To interest  interesting/interested / Interesar  interesante/interesado

 ‘ing’ adjectives describe the person or object.

He is an interesting person. His stories are interesting. / Es una persona interesante. Sus historias son interesantes.

 ‘ed’ adjectives describe feelings and attitudes.

We are interested in him and his stories. / Estamos interesados en él y sus historias.

I’m bored, I’m boring / Estoy aburrido estoy aburrido

ORDER OF ADJECTIVES POSASHCOMP // ORDEN DE LOS ADJETIVOS POSASHCOMP

 PO: PERSONAL OPINION

 S: SIZE
 A: AGE
 SH: SHAPE
 C: COLOUR
 O: ORIGIN
 M: MATERIAL
 P: PURPOSE

A BEAUTIFUL BIG OLD OVAL BLACK RUSSIAN WOODEN FAMILIAR HOUSE. / UNA HERMOSA CASA FAMILIAR DE MADERA RUSA NEGRA,
OVALADA, GRANDE Y ANTIGUA.

ADVERB
WHAT’S AN ADVERB? // ¿QUÉ ES UN ADVERBIO

 An adverb describes a verb (an action), an adjective, another adverb, or a whole sentence. / Un adverbio describe un verbo (una acción),
un adjetivo, otro adverbio o una oración completa.

We progressed sowly. (describing a verb) / progresamos lentamente (describiendo un verbo)

He is an incredibly amazing cook. (describing an adjective) / es un cocinero increíblemente increíble (describiendo un adjetivo)

He cooks really amazingly. (describing an adverb) / el cocina realmente asombroso (describiendo un adverbio)
 Interestingly, he comes from England. (describing the whole sentence) / curiosamente, proviene de Inglaterra (describiendo la oración
completa)

FORMULATION

 To change an adjective into an adverb, we usually add ‘ly’ to it. / Para convertir un adjetivo en adverbio, generalmente le agregamos 'ly'.

Slow  Slowly

Interesting  Interestingly

 If the adjective ends in ‘y’, change it to ‘i’ before adding the ‘ly’. / Si el adjetivo termina en 'y', cámbielo a 'i' antes de agregar 'ly'.

Happy  Happily

Lucky  Luckily

EXCEPTION I

 There are a few common adverbs that are not formulated with ‘ly’: / Hay algunos adverbios comunes que no están formulados con 'ly':

Good  Well Far  Far

Fast  Fast Long  Long

Hard  Hard Short  Short

Early  Early Straight  Straight

Late  Late Fine  Fine

Note “Good” and “well”

When asked ‘How are you?’, if you want to say you are in good health, say:
I’m well.
If you want to say you are generally doing o.k., say:
I’m fine.
In the past it was considered a mistake to say ‘I’m good’. However, these days, this
expression is becoming more and more common as an alternitative to ‘I’m fine’

Nota: "bueno" y "bien"

Cuando le pregunten “¿Cómo estás?”, si quiere decir que goza de buena salud, diga:
Estoy bien.
Si quiere decir que en general le va bien, diga:
Estoy bien.
En el pasado se consideraba un error decir “estoy bien”. Sin embargo, hoy en día, esta
expresión se está volviendo cada vez más común como alternativa al “estoy bien”.

EXCEPTION II

 Also, there are a few words ending in ‘ly’ that are not adverbs but adjectives. / Además, hay algunas palabras que terminan en 'ly' que no
son adverbios sino adjetivos.

Lovely, friendly, lonely, silly, lively, orderly, deadly, timely

Encantador, amigable, solitario, tonto, animado, ordenado, mortal, oportuno

 You cannot change these adjectives into adverbs. You can use the words ‘way’, ‘manner’, ‘fashion’ to describe an action with this
adjectives: / No puedes convertir estos adjetivos en adverbios. Puedes utilizar las palabras "manera", "manera", "moda" para describir
una acción con estos adjetivos:

She was lovely  She welcomed us in a lovely way/manner/fashion.

EXCEPTION III

 The following ending in ‘ly’ are both adjective and adverb: / Las siguientes terminaciones en 'ly' son tanto adjetivos como adverbios:

Weekly, monthly, daily, yearly / Semanal, mensual, diario, anual

 It’s a weekly magazine. I receive it weekly.

COMMON MISTAKE I // ERROR COMUN I

 A common mistake is to use an adverb after linking or sense verbs: / Un error común es usar un adverbio después de verbos de enlace o
sentido:

The situation seemed unusually. UNUSUAL

Your garden looks beautifully. BEAUTIFUL

 Although the adjectives unusual and beautiful are not next to the noun, they describe the nouns (situation & garden) not the verbs
(seemed & looks) / Aunque los adjetivos inusual y hermoso no están al lado del sustantivo, describen los sustantivos (situación y jardín),
no los verbos (parecido y aspecto).

COMMON MISTAKE II // ERROR COMUN II

 Another common mistake is using the ing form to decribe someone’s attitude or feelings: / Otro error común es usar la forma ing para
describir la actitud o los sentimientos de alguien:

Jane is boring by his stories. BORED

They were surprising by the news. SURPRISED

COMMON MISTAKE III // ERROR COMUN III

 Another common mistake is using an adjective to describe a verb, another adjective, or an adverb / Otro error común es usar un adjetivo
para describir un verbo, otro adjetivo o un adverbio.

He sings good. WELL

He is a wonderful good singer. WONDERFULLY

He sings incredible well. INCREDIBLY

COMMON MISTAKE IV

 As you will remember, the words ‘hard’, ‘late’ and ‘short’ are adjectives and adverbs. However the words ‘hardly’, ‘lately’ and ‘shortly’
also exist but with completely different meanings: / Como recordarás, las palabras “duro”, “tarde” y “corto” son adjetivos y adverbios. Sin
embargo, las palabras "difícilmente", "últimamente" y "en breve" también existen, pero con significados completamente diferentes:

Hardly = almost not

Lately = recently

Shortly = soon