Assignment No.

Hasnain sajjad (038) Aqib hussain (014)

13MARCH , 2024

BS A&F 3-B
Table of Contents
IDEOLOGY OF PAKISTAN ............................................................................................. 3
Historical Context: .............................................................................................................. 3
Emergence of Pakistan: ....................................................................................................... 3
Critique of Exclusivist Tendencies: .................................................................................... 4
Ethnic Diversity and Regional Disparities: ......................................................................... 4
Instrumentalization of Religion for Political Ends: .............................................................4
Gender Disparities and Patriarchal Norms: .........................................................................5
Conclusion: ..........................................................................................................................5
 IDEOLOGY OF PAKISTAN

 Meaning of Ideology:

The word ideology consists of two words “Ideo” and “Logy”

which are both derived from Greek language.

 Ideo: It is derived from the greek word idea which means thought.
 Logy: It is derived from greek suffix which means “logia” that denotes the study of
science.

 2nd Origin:

The word "ideology" is derived from the French word "idéologie," intoduced
in the late 18th century by the great philosopher Antoine Destutt de Tracy .

 Historical Context:

The ideology of Pakistan, characterized by its emphasis on unity, faith, and identity, has
been subject to scrutiny and critique since the inception of the nation in 1947. While
proponents laud it as a unifying force, critics argue that it has engendered discord,
exclusion, and socio-political upheaval. This essay endeavors to critically examine the
ideology of Pakistan, elucidating its limitations, contradictions, and contested narratives.

 Emergence of Pakistan:

The demand for Pakistan emerged in response to the perceived

marginalization of Muslims within the Indian subcontinent. However, the ideological
underpinnings of Pakistan were fraught with ambiguities and divergent interpretations.
Critics contend that the partition of India and the creation of Pakistan on religious lines
engendered communal violence, displacement, and ruptured social fabric, undermining
the secular ethos of the Indian independence movement.
 Critique of Exclusivist Tendencies:

One of the primary criticisms leveled against the

ideology of Pakistan is its perceived exclusivist tendencies. The privileging of Islam as
the sole basis of national identity has marginalized religious minorities, such as Hindus,
Christians, and Sikhs, relegating them to second-class citizenship. The imposition of
discriminatory laws and policies, such as the blasphemy laws and the Ahmadiyya
community's persecution, contradicts the principles of pluralism and religious freedom
enshrined in Pakistan's constitution.

 Ethnic Diversity and Regional Disparities:

Pakistan's ideological emphasis on unity

belies the ethnic diversity and regional disparities inherent within its borders. The
domination of Punjabi, Sindhi, and Pashtun ethnic groups in the political and economic
spheres has marginalized smaller ethnic communities, leading to ethno-nationalist
movements and demands for greater autonomy. The failure to address grievances and
accommodate diverse identities has fueled inter-ethnic tensions and political instability,
undermining the cohesive fabric of the nation.

 Instrumentalization of Religion for Political Ends:

Critics argue that the Islamization

policies pursued by successive governments have instrumentalized religion for political
ends, eroding the separation of mosque and state and infringing upon individual liberties.
The nexus between the military establishment and religious fundamentalist groups has
perpetuated authoritarianism, stifled dissent, and fostered a culture of intolerance and
extremism. Moreover, Pakistan's involvement in proxy wars and support for militant
groups in the region has tarnished its image internationally, exacerbating geopolitical
tensions and security challenges.
 Gender Disparities and Patriarchal Norms:

The ideology of Pakistan, while ostensibly

emphasizing equality and justice, has failed to address systemic gender disparities and
patriarchal norms entrenched within society. Women continue to face institutionalized
discrimination in legal, educational, and socio-economic spheres, hindering their
empowerment and full participation in nation-building endeavors. The implementation of
regressive laws, such as Hudood Ordinance and discriminatory inheritance practices,
perpetuates gender-based violence and impedes progress towards gender equality.

 Conclusion:

In conclusion, the ideology of Pakistan remains a contested terrain, marked

by contradictions, exclusions, and challenges. While it has served as a rallying cry for
national identity and self-determination, its implementation has often fallen short of its
lofty ideals. Critiques of the ideology of Pakistan underscore the imperative for
introspection, reform, and inclusivity in order to realize the aspirations of its diverse
populace. Embracing pluralism, democratic governance, and respect for human rights is
essential for fostering a more equitable, cohesive, and progressive Pakistan in the 21st
century.