MACHARIA BRIAN

MACHOYA
DMK/0014/22
ENVIRONMENTAL LITERACY
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH MANUAL
MR. CYPRIAN
1.0 INTRODUCTION TO THE OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY MANUAL
There was a hit by what is still believed to be the worst chemical incident in history. The hundreds
of thousands of people affected by the Bhopal incident were victims of a combination of
circumstances that made any potential incident in the industrial facility that produced pesticides
particularly dangerous. This deadly combination of circumstances could have been avoided if
several well-established security and safety principles had been followed before, during, and
after the chemical incident. As described below, this manual aims to provide information that
will help countries minimize the health risks of chemical incidents, such as the Bhopal disaster,
by raising awareness of their health impacts and providing suggestions for preventing and
managing their occurrence.

(I ) PURPOSE
The prevention and mitigation of chemical incidents and their health consequences is a broad
field requiring specialists from many backgrounds. Public health has an essential role to play in
preventing the occurrence of chemical incidents and minimizing their negative impacts on both
the exposed population and the environment should they occur. This document aims to
introduce principles and recommendations about public health’s role in the prevention and
mitigation of chemical incidents.

(ii) SCOPE
The target audience is public health and environmental professionals and policy-makers, as well
as any party involved in the management of chemical incidents. This publication will help
facilitate the effective fulfillment of such public health involvement, including by establishing or
refining the public health role in the development of a preparedness plan for the management
of chemical incidents and to enhance capacity planning and assessment for chemical incidents.
This document can also be used as an aid to improve the performance of all professionals with
responsibility for managing risks posed by chemical incidents. While this manual presents the
principles and functions of the public health management of chemical incidents, the specific
organizations or government agencies that carry out these functions may vary between
countries.

(iii) DEVELOPMENT, MAINTENANCE, AND REVISION PROCESS

Chemical incidents can manifest in many forms and scenarios including any number of
environmental media such as food, water, air, soil, consumer product type source races such as
fixed vehicles idle, and natural events. An attempt to cover all of these in detail would make the
publication complex and possibly inaccessible. This publication focuses on chemical incidents
resulting from fixed sites or transportation with the potential to result in chemical exposure to
communities. The text has been designed to describe this category of incidents. Regardless of
the initiating event, the general characteristics of such incidents are the sudden, unexpected, and

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uncontrolled occurrence of a chemical release or outbreak of illness that may have a very
dynamic time course.

My manual consists of several sections:

1. Standard operating procedures

2. General rules
3. Personal protective equipment
4. How to transport the chemical substances
5. Hand housekeeping/storage of chemical substances
6. How to interact with chemical substances

(2.0) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY PROGRAM MANAGEMENT

(i) THE GOAL AND THE POLICY OF THE OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY PROGRAM MANAGEMENT
The situation in which substantial numbers of people are exposed to hazards to which they are
vulnerable, with resulting injury and loss of life, often combined with damage to property and
an outgrowth.
An outgrowth of a disaster, in which the affected communities’ capability to react has been
overwhelmed and where rapid and effective action is required to prevent further loss of life
and livelihoods. The situation in which people are potentially exposed to hazards to which they
are vulnerable, with resulting public concern and the possibility of immediate or delayed risks
to health.
(ii) PROGRAM ELEMENTS AND THEIR RESPONSE TO NON-COMPLIANCE
Before initiating an experiment or procedure, all laboratory employees must evaluate the
potential physical and health hazards associated with its chemicals and processes. Container
labels and material safety data sheets, as well as other references, will be used to conduct the
evaluation. Laboratory personnel will be familiar with their own and previous evaluations before
beginning and will use appropriate ventilation, protective equipment, and procedures to,
minimize exposure. The evaluation will include preparation for any potential emergency.
Substitution as a Primary Method of Control Following hazard evaluation, laboratory personnel
should always consider substituting less hazardous and toxic substances. Only chemicals for
which appropriate exposure controls are present may be used. Prior Approval Laboratory
employees must obtain prior approval to proceed with a laboratory task from a supervisor
whenever:

o A new laboratory procedure or test is carried out

o There is a significant change in a procedure or test likely to alter the hazard. A significant
change is defined as a 10% or greater increase or decrease in the amount of one or more
 chemicals used substitution, or deletion of any of the chemicals in a procedure, or a
change in the conditions under which the procedure is conducted
o There are unknown or unexpected test results
o Members of the laboratory staff become ill, suspect exposure, or otherwise suspect
failure of the engineering safeguards.
o Reporting Laboratory Incidents and Unsafe Conditions
o Report all laboratory incidents no matter how minor to a supervisor. Incident report forms
are available for unusual or unexplainable chemical incidents and should be discussed
with others in the department, to caution others as to the risk of the procedure
o Report any unsafe conditions by contacting the CHO and filing a written report so that the
condition may be corrected as soon as possible. Unsafe conditions which must be
reported include:
1. Non-functioning hoods in areas where hazardous chemicals are being used for unsafe
storage conditions.
2. Blocked emergency exits.
3. Improperly charged fire extinguishers.
4. Inoperable eyewash stations or safety showers.
5. Absence of personal protective equipment (PPE) (e.g., goggles, gloves).

(iii) THE ASSIGNED RESPONSIBILITIES AND SAFETY COUNCIL

Working with hazardous chemicals (and procedures) alone in a laboratory or chemical storage
area is strictly prohibited. Lab personnel must schedule research and experiments involving
hazardous substances and procedures so that other lab members are present. Rules are as
follows:

o Undergraduate teaching laboratories: A faculty member must be present in the lab at all
times
o when undergraduate students are conducting experiments;
o Research Laboratories: Personnel working alone must contact Public Safety to make them
aware
o Of their presence in the facility and encourage them to periodically check on them. These
o personnel should plan a route of escape in case of an emergency;
o Wear appropriate eye protection at all times;
o When working with flammable chemicals, be certain that there are no sources of ignition
near
o enough to cause a fire or explosion in the event of a vapor release or liquid spill;
o Use a tip-resistant shield for protection whenever an explosion or implosion might occur.

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(3.0) GENERAL HEALTH AND SAFETY
(i) PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF WWORKPLACEHAZARD
For the chemicals they are using, all employees should be aware of:

The chemicals' hazards, as determined from the MSDS and other appropriate references;

Appropriate safeguards (e.g. chemical fume hood, personal protective equipment, etc.);

The location(s) and proper use of emergency equipment (e.g. emergency shower/eyewash,
fire extinguisher, spill kit);

How and where to properly store the chemical when it is not in use;

Proper personal hygiene practices;

The proper methods of transporting chemicals within the facility;

Appropriate procedures for emergencies, including evacuation routes, spill cleanup

procedures, and proper waste disposal.

(ii) HAZARD REPORTING

Personal Hygiene
Never store food or beverages in storage areas, refrigerators, glassware, or use utensils which
are also used for laboratory operations;

Do not eat, drink, smoke, chew gum, or apply cosmetics in laboratories where chemicals or other
hazardous materials (e.g., radioactive or biohazards) are present;

Never mouth pipet. Always use a pipet bulb or other mechanical pipet-filling device;

Do not smell or taste chemicals;

Wash areas of exposed skin well before leaving the laboratory;

Confine long hair and lose clothing. Wear shoes at all times in the laboratory but do not wear
sandals, perforated shoes, or sneakers;

Always wear clothing that completely covers arms and legs. While performing laboratory work,
never wear short-sleeved T-shirts, short skirts, or shorts;

Jewelry should not be worn that interferes with gloves and other protective clothing or that could
come into contact with electrical sources or react with chemicals

(iii) PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIMPMENT

Choose protective clothing and other equipment based on the types of chemicals handled, the
degree of protection required, and the areas of the body which may become contaminated. All
clothing and equipment must at a minimum, meet standards set by the American National
Standards Institute. All respiratory protective equipment must be chosen since there are strict
legal requirements as to the use and distribution of these devices.

Every effort must be made to evaluate the effectiveness of equipment and make improvements
where possible. Special consideration must be given to purchasing appropriate PPE and other
safety equipment when extremely hazardous substances are involved. The choice of this
equipment under these circumstances must be reviewed in advance of purchase requests.

(iv) HAZARD COMMUNICATION

Use equipment only for its intended purpose;

Inspect equipment or lab apparatus for damage before use. Never use damaged equipment such as
cracked glassware, or equipment with frayed electrical wiring;

Shield or wrap Dewar flasks and other evacuated glassware to contain chemicals and glass fragments
should an implosion occur.

(v) NOISE
Evidence is well established that worker exposure to noise of sufficient intensity and duration
can result in hearing damage. Noise-induced hearing loss rarely results from just one exposure;
it can progress unnoticed over a period of years. Initial noise-induced hearing loss occurs at the
higher frequencies where the constant portion of the each is found, making communications
difficult.
(vi) MOLD MANAGEMENT PROGRAM
Any visible mold contamination regardless of the f species of mold must be promptly manner to
prevent further growth. Mold growth can be potentially damaging to cellulose-based products
such as dry walling tiles, and paper. Complete removal of visible mold and mold mold-
contaminated building materials, removal of water sources, and maintenance of proper
parameters are rare essential help to ensure that mold growth doesn’t reoccur.
(Vii) ASBESTOS MANAGEMENT PROGRAM
An asbestos management program is an essential component of general health and safety in any
organization that may have asbestos-containing materials (ACMs) present in the workplace. The
program should be comprehensive and include the following elements:
Identification: The first step in managing asbestos is to identify the presence and location of
ACMs in the workplace. This includes conducting regular inspections and surveys to identify
ACMs and determining the condition of these materials.
Risk assessment: Once ACMs have been identified, it's important to assess the risk of exposure.
This includes evaluating the potential for fibers to become airborne and the likelihood of
employee exposure.

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Management plan: Based on the risk assessment, a management plan should be developed. This
plan should include procedures for handling, removing, and disposing of ACMs, as well as
procedures for preventing exposure to asbestos fibers.
Training: All employees who may come into contact with ACMs should be trained on the dangers
of asbestos and the proper procedures for handling and disposing of asbestos-containing
materials.
Monitoring and exposure control: Regular monitoring should be conducted to ensure that
employees are not being exposed to asbestos fibers. This includes air monitoring and personal
protective equipment (PPE) such as respirators.
Maintenance and repair: ACMs that are in good condition and unlikely to release fibers can be
left in place and maintained to prevent deterioration. However, if ACMs are damaged or in poor
condition, they should be repaired or removed by a qualified asbestos abatement contractor.
Record keeping: It's important to keep accurate records of all asbestos-related activities,
including inspections, risk assessments, management plans, and training.
Emergency response: The asbestos management program should include procedures for dealing
with emergencies such as accidental damage to ACMs and procedures for evacuating the building
if necessary.
(Viii) HOUSEKEEPING
Housekeeping is an important aspect of general health and safety in the workplace. It refers to
the daily maintenance and cleaning of the work area to ensure that it is safe and free of hazards.
A good housekeeping program can help prevent accidents and injuries, improve morale, and
increase productivity. Here are some key elements of a housekeeping program:
Regular cleaning: Regular cleaning of the work area should be conducted to remove debris,
dust, and other contaminants. This should include vacuuming, sweeping, and mopping of
floors, and cleaning of surfaces and equipment.
Organization: The work area should be organized to minimize clutter and ensure that
materials and equipment are stored in a safe and orderly manner. This includes proper
storage of hazardous materials and chemicals, as well as labeling of storage areas.

Lighting: Adequate lighting should be provided to ensure that the work area is well-lit and
that employees can see potential hazards. This includes natural and artificial lighting.
Ventilation: Adequate ventilation should be provided to ensure that the work area is free of
harmful pollutants and that the air is fresh and clean.

Safety equipment: Safety equipment should be provided and used as necessary to protect
employees from potential hazards. This includes personal protective equipment (PPE) such
as hard hats, goggles, and gloves.
 Emergency response: The housekeeping program should include procedures for dealing with
emergencies such as spills, fires, and other hazards.
Inspections: Regular inspections should be conducted to identify potential hazards and
ensure that the work area is safe and free of hazards.
Employee participation: Employee participation is critical to the success of a housekeeping
program. Employees should be encouraged to take an active role in maintaining a safe and
clean work area.

(ix) ELECTRONIC PERMITS

Electronic permits are a tool used to ensure the safe and efficient management of specific
activities or processes within the workplace. They are used to track and manage the use of
hazardous materials, equipment, or activities that have the potential to cause harm to employees
or the environment.
Purpose: Electronic permits are used to document the authorization of specific activities or
processes and to ensure that they are conducted in a safe and compliant manner.
Types: There are different types of electronic permits that can be used in the workplace, such as:
Hot work permits, which are used to authorize activities that involve the use of open flames or
heat-producing equipment
Confined space permits, which are used to authorize entry into confined spaces
Lockout/tag out permits, which are used to authorize the lockout or isolation of equipment or
machinery

Issuance: Electronic permits are typically issued by a designated authority or supervisor within
the organization. The permit should be issued only after a thorough assessment of the activity or
process has been conducted and it is determined that it is safe to proceed.
Requirements: The permit should include specific requirements for the activity or process, such
as the use of PPE, safety procedures, and emergency response procedures.
Tracking: Electronic permits should be tracked and monitored to ensure that they are being used
correctly and that the activity or process is being conducted in a safe and compliant manner. This
includes tracking the expiration and renewal of permits, as well as any modifications or
cancelations.
Communication: Electronic permits should be made available to all employees who may be
affected by the activity or process. This includes posting the permit in a visible location, as well
as providing electronic copies to the relevant employees.
Compliance: Electronic permits should be used in compliance with all relevant regulations and
standards.

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(4.0) PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT PROGRAM
(i) INTRODUCTION
The personal Protective Equipment (PPE) program is a set of guidelines and procedures designed
to protect employees from potential hazards in the workplace. The program outlines the
responsibilities of both the employer and employees in maintaining and utilizing PPE. PPE is the
last line of defense against workplace hazards, it should be used in conjunction with engineering
controls and administrative controls. The program includes the following elements: hazard
assessment, PPE selection, training and education, inspection and maintenance, record keeping,
and emergency procedures. The program is essential to ensuring the safety and well-being of
employees and complying with relevant regulations and standards.
(ii) RESPONSIBILITIES
A Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) program establishes specific responsibilities for both the
employer and employees to ensure that PPE is used correctly and effectively. The following are
some key responsibilities under a PPE program:
Employer responsibilities: The employer is responsible for providing PPE to employees,
ensuring that it is appropriate for the job and that it is in good working order. The employer
is also responsible for conducting regular inspections of PPE and replacing or repairing PPE as
necessary. Additionally, the employer should provide training to employees on the proper
use, care, and maintenance of PPE.
Employee responsibilities: Employees are responsible for wearing PPE when required, and for
reporting any defects or damage to PPE to their supervisor. Employees should also follow the
manufacturer’s instructions for the use, care, and maintenance of PPE. They also have the
responsibility to report any hazards that could put them at risk of injury or illness.
Hazard assessment: The employer should conduct regular hazard assessments to identify
potential hazards in the workplace and to determine the appropriate PPE required.
PPE selection: The employer should select PPE that is appropriate for the job and that meets
relevant regulations and standards.
Training and education: The employer should provide training and education to employees
on the proper use, care, and maintenance of PPE.
Inspection and maintenance: Regular inspections should be conducted to ensure that PPE is
in good working order and that it is being used correctly.
Record keeping: The employer should keep accurate records of all PPE-related activities,
including hazard assessments, PPE selection, training and education, inspections, and
maintenance.
Emergency procedures: The employer should have emergency procedures in place to deal
with PPE-related incidents, such as accidents or exposure to hazardous materials.
(iii) PROGRAM COMPONENTS
A Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) program includes several components that are essential
to its effectiveness. These components include:

Hazard assessment: The first step in a PPE program is to conduct a hazard assessment to
identify potential hazards in the workplace and to determine the appropriate PPE required.
This includes assessing the risk of exposure to hazardous substances, equipment, or
activities.

PPE selection: Based on the hazard assessment, the appropriate PPE should be selected.
This includes selecting PPE that is appropriate for the job and that meets relevant
regulations and standards.
Training and education: Employees should be trained and educated on the proper use, care,
and maintenance of PPE. This includes training on how to properly fit, wear, and adjust PPE,
as well as how to identify defects or damage and report them to a supervisor.
Inspection and maintenance: Regular inspections should be conducted to ensure that PPE is
in good working order and that it is being used correctly. This includes inspecting PPE for
defects, damage, or wear and tear and repairing or replacing PPE as necessary.

Record keeping: Accurate records should be kept of all PPE-related activities, including
hazard assessments, PPE selection, training and education, inspections, and maintenance.
Emergency procedures: The PPE program should include emergency procedures to deal
with PPE-related incidents, such as accidents or exposure to hazardous materials. This
includes procedures for dealing with PPE-related emergencies and for providing medical
treatment if necessary.
Review and update: The PPE program should be reviewed and updated regularly to ensure
that it remains effective and complies with current regulations and standards.

Compliance: The PPE program should be in compliance with all relevant regulations and
standards, such as OSHA, ANSI, and CSA.
(iv) EYE PROTECTION
All personnel, students, and any visitors in locations where chemicals are stored or handled must
wear protective goggles at all times. Setting the requirements for their use is the responsibility
of lab supervisors and directors. All eyewear must meet the American National Standards
Institute's Practice for Occupational and Educational Eye and Face Protection. Before use,
personnel will verify that the equipment has been approved for the particular procedure (e.g.,
eye protection may be an American national standard institute certified for chemical splashes
but not for explosions). The American national standard institute standards require a minimum

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lens thickness of 3mm, impact resistance, the passage of a flammability test, and lens-retaining
frames.

Contact lens use in laboratories. Recent studies By the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention have produced varying views on the issue of contact lens use in laboratories.
Traditional safety lore claimed that contaminated aerosols or particulate matter would
concentrate behind contact lenses and cause permanent eye damage. In contradiction to this
assumption, some researchers have found that contact lenses may minimize injuries to the eye
from metal particles, paint fumes, and chemical splashes from solvents and acids. Working in a
properly-performing chemical fume hood must always be the first line of defense against
chemical exposure. The following table will be consulted in choosing protective eyewear.

Eye protection guidelines

Types Of Eye Protection Conditioning Requiring Use
Standard goggles Handling corrosive chemicals
Acid/Caustic goggles with The danger of splashing chemicals or flying particles.
side
Impact protection goggles Working with glassware under vacuum or elevated pressures; using
glass apparatus in combustion or other high-temperature
operations.
Face shields (protects face, Potential for flying particles, harmful liquid.
throat, and neck)
Both goggles and face Vacuum system (danger of implosion); chemical reactions with
shields potential for mild explosion.
Specialized eye protection Lasers; intense ultraviolet and other light sources; glass blowing.
Shields Handling corrosive chemicals.

(v) GENERAL GUIDELINES WHEN CHOOSING PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

GLOVES
It is the responsibility of the lab director/supervisor and the employee, to choose and use the
appropriate gloves.

Gloves must be worn whenever there is a chance for hand contact with chemicals, such as during
the transfer of chemicals from one container to another or during the transfer of chemical
wastes. Gloves must be worn if the chemicals involved are easily absorbed through the skin
and/or are acute or chronic toxins. When working with corrosive liquids, also wear gloves made
of a material known to be resistant to permeation by the corrosive chemical and tested by air
inflation (do not inflate by mouth!) For the absence of pin-hole leaks.
Lab personnel must inspect the gloves before each use. Gloves must be washed before removal
except those that are easily permeated/degraded by water (e.g. leather, polyvinyl alcohol).
Before use, lab personnel will consult the glove manufacturer’s permeation and resistance charts
(available from the manufacturer) to make sure that the glove is appropriate for the chemicals
being used. Glove materials vary in the way they resist being degraded and permeated. No glove
resists degradation and permeation over time and must be replaced periodically, depending on
the frequency of use, chemical concentration, and duration of contact. The glove material and its
thickness determine the appropriateness of a specific glove type.

CLOTHING
The choice of protective clothing depends upon the degree of protection required. Protective
and appropriate clothing is required when a potential exists for chemical splashes, fire, extreme
heat or cold, excessive moisture, and radiation. Setting requirements for their use is the
responsibility of the lab supervisors and directors.
Protective clothing which should be readily available to laboratory personnel include:
• Lab coats
• Boots
• Lab aprons
• Shoe Covers
• Gauntlets
• Jumpsuits/coveralls
Laboratory personnel must be instructed to consider the following characteristics in protective
clothing selection and purchase:
• Ability to resist fire, heat, and the chemicals used;
• Impermeability, when needed;
• Comfort, permitting easy execution of tasks when worn
• Ease of cleaning (unless disposable);
• Ability to be removed quickly during an emergency or chemical splash (e.g. snap fasteners
rather than buttons).

SAFETY SHIELD
Safety shields should be used on or near the equipment when there is potential for explosion,
implosion, or splash hazards. Fixed shields will be used whenever possible, recognizing that their
weight and resistance provide superior protection against minor blasts. Portable shields may be
used when the hazard is limited to small splashes, heat, or fire. Where combustion is possible,
the shield must be made of flame-resistant material. It is the laboratory supervisor's
responsibility to assure that shields are used appropriately. The sash of a chemical fume hood
can serve as a splash or (minor) blast shield.

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Before large volume purchases, personal protective equipment should be evaluated under real
or simulated conditions to ensure that it meets both safety and performance standards. For
example, chemical splash goggles may meet The American National Standards Institute.
Standards but fog up rapidly or are so uncomfortable that they will not be worn.

RESPIRATORS
OSHA requires all employers to primarily prevent air contamination. If vapor concentrations
cannot be kept below regulated levels, the employer must implement a written respirator
program. This will address the issues such as respirator selection criteria, inspection, and
maintenance. All personnel using respirators must be trained in their proper use and care.
Additionally, medical evaluation and proper fit testing are required. However, respirator use is
considered the very last line of defense against chemical exposures. Engineering controls,
changes in work practices, chemical substitution, and changes in experimental procedures must
be employed before respirator use will even be considered. This will determine if the respirator
used requires a determined proper respiratory protection equipment to be determined that it is
indeed necessary.

(5.0) FIRE SAFETY

(i) INTRODUCTION
Fire safety is an essential aspect of ensuring the safety and well-being of individuals in any type
of building or facility. It involves the implementation of measures to prevent fires from occurring,
as well as the planning and preparation for potential emergencies in the event that a fire does
break out. This guide will provide an overview of fire safety measures and best practices for
preventing and responding to fires.
Fire Prevention: The best way to ensure fire safety is to prevent fires from happening in the first
place. This includes conducting regular fire safety inspections, identifying and addressing
potential fire hazards, and educating employees and occupants on fire safety procedures. It is
important to ensure that all fire safety equipment is in working order, such as smoke detectors,
fire extinguishers, and emergency lighting.
Emergency Evacuation: In the event of a fi it all occupants mobbed safely evacuate the building.
This requires the development of an emergency evacuation plan and the provision of regular
training on emergency evacuation procedures. It is important to ensure that all exits are clearly
marked and easily accessible, and that occupants are familiar with the location of the nearest
emergency exits.

Fire Detection: Early detection is crucial in preventing the spread of fire and ensuring the safety
of occupants. This includes the installation of smoke detectors, fire alarms, and other fire
detection systems. These systems should be regularly tested and maintained to ensure they are
in proper working order.
Fire Suppression: Fire suppression systems, such as sprinklers, help to control and extinguish
fires. It is important to ensure that these systems are in proper working order and that occupants
are familiar with their operation.

Emergency Lighting: Emergency lighting is essential in ensuring that occupants can safely
evacuate a building in the event of a power outage or other emergency. These lights should be
located near emergency exits and should be tested regularly to ensure they are in working order.
Fire Drills: Regular fire drills are an essential part of fire safety

(ii) FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY IMPAIRMENT PROCESS

The fire and life safety impairment process is a critical aspect of fire safety in a building or facility. It is a
process to identify and address fire and life safety systems that are not functioning correctly and to
ensure that the building is safe for occupancy. The process includes the following steps:

Identification: The first step in the process is to identify fire and life safety systems that are not
functioning correctly. This includes conducting regular inspections and testing of fire alarms,
sprinklers, smoke detectors, and other fire protection equipment.

Risk assessment: Once fire and life safety systems have been identified as impaired, a risk assessment
should be conducted to determine the potential impact on building occupants and the surrounding
community. This includes evaluating the potential for a fire to occur and the likelihood of injury or
death.

Immediate corrective action: Based on the risk assessment, immediate corrective action should be
taken to address the impaired fire and life safety systems. This includes repairing or replacing
equipment, shutting down affected areas, or evacuating the building.

Repairs and restoration: The impaired fire and life safety systems should be repaired or replaced as
soon as possible to restore full functionality.

Follow-up inspections: Follow-up inspections should be conducted to ensure that the repairs or
replacements have been completed correctly and that the fire and life safety systems are functioning
properly.

Certification: The building or facility should be recertified by the relevant authorities, such as the fire
department, to ensure that it is safe for occupancy.

Record keeping: Accurate records should be kept of all fire and life safety impairment processes,
including inspections, risk assessments, repairs, and certifications.

Emergency response: The fire and life safety impairment process should include procedures for
dealing with emergencies such as fires and other hazards.

(iii) SCHEDULED AND AFTER HOURS EMERGENCY IMPAIREMENTS

Scheduled and after-hours emergency impairments refer to the procedures in place for
identifying and addressing fire and life safety systems that are not functioning correctly, both
during regular business hours and outside of them.

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Scheduled impairments: Scheduled impairments refer to the planned shutdown or temporary
impairment of fire and life safety systems for maintenance or repair work. This includes
scheduled testing, inspections, and maintenance of fire alarms, sprinklers, smoke detectors, and
other fire protection equipment.
After-hours impairments: After-hours impairments refer to the unplanned shutdown or
temporary impairment of fire and life safety systems that occur outside of regular business hours.
This includes emergency repairs, system failures, and other unplanned events.
Notification: In both cases, employees, building occupants, and the relevant authorities (such as
the fire department) should be notified in advance of the impairment, and the necessary
precautions should be taken to ensure the safety of building occupants and the surrounding
community.
Risk assessment: A risk assessment should be conducted to determine the potential impact of
the impairment on building occupants and the surrounding community.
Immediate corrective action: Based on the risk assessment, immediate corrective action should
be taken to address the impaired fire and life safety systems. This includes repairing or replacing
equipment, shutting down affected areas, or evacuating the building.
Repairs and restoration: The impaired fire and life safety systems should be repaired or replaced
as soon as possible to restore full functionality.
Follow-up inspections: Follow-up inspections should be conducted to ensure that the repairs or
replacements have been completed correctly and that the fire and life safety systems are
functioning properly.
Record keeping: Accurate records should be kept of all scheduled and after-hours emergency
impairments, including inspections, risk assessments, repairs, and certifications.
(iv) RESPONSIBILITIES
Fire safety is a shared responsibility between the employer and employees, and involves a range
of activities to prevent and respond to fires in the workplace. The following are some key
responsibilities under fire safety:
Employer responsibilities: The employer is responsible for ensuring that the workplace is safe
from fire hazards. This includes conducting regular inspections and testing of fire alarms,
sprinklers, smoke detectors, and other fire protection equipment, as well as ensuring that
emergency procedures are in place and that employees are trained on them.

Employee responsibilities: Employees are responsible for following fire safety procedures,
reporting any fire hazards, and participating in fire drills and training. Employees should also be
aware of emergency exits and evacuation routes, and now how to use fire extinguishers and
other fire protection equipment if necessary.
Fire prevention: Employers and employees should work together to prevent fires by identifying
and eliminating fire hazards, such as flammable materials and electrical equipment.
Emergency response: Employers should have emergency procedures in place to deal with fires
and other hazards, such as evacuation procedures and the use of fire extinguishers.
Training and education: Both employers and employees should receive training and education
on fire safety, including fire prevention, emergency response procedures, and the use of fire
protection equipment.
Fire drills: Regular fire drills should be conducted to ensure that employees know how to
evacuate safely and that emergency procedures are effective.

Inspection and maintenance: Regular inspections should be conducted to ensure that fire
protection equipment and systems are in good working order and that they are being used
correctly.
Compliance: Fire safety should be in compliance with all relevant regulations and standards, such
as OSHA, NFPA, and the local fire codes.
(v) FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS
Flammable and combustible materials refer to substances that can easily catch fire and burn.
These materials can be found in many workplaces and are a potential fire hazard.
Flammable materials: Flammable materials are those that have a low flash point, meaning they
can easily catch fire and burn at relatively low temperatures. Examples of flammable materials
include gasoline, propane, and certain types of paint. These materials should be stored in
approved containers and in a designated area away from heat sources and potential ignition
sources.

Combustible materials: Combustible materials are those that have a higher flash point, meaning
they can catch fire and burn at higher temperatures. Examples of combustible materials include
wood, paper, and certain types of plastics. These materials should be stored properly and away
from flammable materials and potential ignition sources.

Handling and storage: Both flammable and combustible materials should be handled and stored
properly to prevent fires. This includes storing materials in approved containers, keeping them
away from heat sources and potential ignition sources, and properly labeling containers.
Handling and use: Employees should be trained on the proper handling and use of flammable
and combustible materials. They should be aware of the hazards associated with these materials
and the necessary precautions to take when working with them.
Regulations: The storage and handling of flammable and combustible materials are regulated by
OSHA and other relevant authorities to ensure safety. Employers should be familiar with these
regulations and ensure that they are being followed.

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Emergency response: Employers should have emergency procedures in place to deal with fires
involving flammable and combustible materials. This includes evacuation procedures, the use of
fire extinguishers, and emergency response teams.

(vi) FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

Fire extinguishers are portable devices used to extinguish or control small fires. They are
classified based on the type of fire they can extinguish. The most common types of fire
extinguishers are:

Water extinguishers: used for Class A fires, which involve ordinary combustibles such as wood,
paper, and cloth.
Foam extinguishers: used for Class A and B fires, which involve flammable liquids and gases.
Dry chemical extinguishers: used for Class A, B, and C fires, which involve flammable liquids and
gases, as well as electrical equipment.
Carbon dioxide extinguishers: used for Class B and C fires, which involve flammable liquids and
gases, as well as electrical equipment.
Wet chemical extinguishers: used for Class F fires, which involve cooking oils and fats.
(vii) TYPES OF FIRES
There are several different types of fires, each with its own characteristics and requiring
different methods of extinguishment. The most common types of fires include:
Class A fires: These involve ordinary combustibles such as wood, paper, and cloth. They are
typically extinguished using water or foam extinguishers.

Class B fires: These involve flammable liquids and gases, such as gasoline, oil, and propane. They
are typically extinguished using foam or dry chemical extinguishers.
Class C fires: These involve electrical equipment, such as appliances, wiring, and motors. They are
typically extinguished using dry chemical or carbon dioxide extinguishers.
Class D fires: These involve flammable metals, such as magnesium, titanium, and potassium. They
are typically extinguished using a specialized dry powder extinguisher.
Class E fires: These involve fires in electrical enclosures and are typically extinguished using water
or foam extinguishers.

Class F fires: These involve cooking oils and fats, typically found in commercial kitchens. They are
typically extinguished using a wet chemical extinguisher.
(viii) SELECTION AND PLACEMENT OF EXTINGUISHERS
The selection and placement of fire extinguishers are important aspects of fire safety. When
selecting fire extinguishers, it's important to consider the type of fire that is most likely to occur
in a particular area, as well as the ease of access to the extinguisher in case of an emergency.
When placing extinguishers, it's important to ensure that they are easily accessible and visible.
Extinguishers should be placed in areas that are most likely to have a fire, such as near exits, in
hallways, and fire-prone equipment. They should also be placed at a height that is easily reached
by most people, and in an area that is not obstructed by other objects.
It is also important to ensure that the extinguishers are properly maintained and inspected
regularly and that there are clear, easy-to-read signs indicating the location of the extinguisher
and the type of fire it can be used for.

In addition, it is important to train the employees or the users of the building on the proper use
of the fire extinguisher and how to access them during an emergency.
(ix) FIRE SAFETY INSPECTION
Fire safety inspections and housekeeping are important aspects of maintaining a safe and secure
environment.
Fire safety inspections involve regularly checking and testing all fire safety equipment, such as
fire alarms, sprinkler systems, and fire extinguishers, to ensure that they are in proper working
order and that they meet all local and national safety regulations. Inspections may also include
checking for potential fire hazards, such as blocked exits or improperly stored flammable
materials, and taking steps to correct any issues that are found.
Housekeeping is another important aspect of fire safety. Proper housekeeping involves
maintaining a clean and organized environment, which can help to reduce the risk of fire. This
may include regular cleaning and maintaining equipment, properly storing flammable materials,
and ensuring that exits and pathways are clear and unobstructed.
It's also important to establish procedures to follow in cases of fire, such as fire evacuation plans,
emergency response plans, and fire drills. These plans should be reviewed and practiced regularly
to ensure that everyone knows what to do in case of an emergency.
(x) EMERGENCY EGRESS
Emergency egress refers to the means by which people can safely and quickly exit a building in
the event of a fire or other emergency. Proper emergency egress is a critical aspect of fire safety,
as it helps to ensure that people can quickly and safely evacuate a building in case of an
emergency.

The design and construction of a building will largely dictate the methods of egress, but generally,
emergency egress should include:

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Adequate and clearly marked exits: There should be multiple exits in a building, and they should
be clearly marked and well-lit. Exits should also be located in areas that are easily accessible, and
they should be free of obstructions.

Emergency lighting: Emergency lighting should be installed in the building to provide illumination
in the event of a power failure.
Fire alarms: Fire alarms should be installed throughout the building and should be audible from
all areas of the building.

Smoke alarms: Smoke alarms should be installed on each level of the building, including sleeping
areas, to detect smoke and alert occupants of a fire.
Exit signs: Exit signs should be installed throughout the building and should be illuminated to
make them visible in the event of a power failure.

Evacuation plan: The building should have a building caution plan that clearly defines the
evacuation routes, assembly points and the roles and, responsibilities of the occupants and
building management.
It's also important to ensure that the emergency egress systems are regularly tested and
maintained to ensure they will work properly in case of an emergency. Additionally, it is
important to regularly conduct fire drills to ensure that people are familiar with the evacuation
routes and that the emergency egress systems are working properly.
(xi) FACILITY DESIGN REVIEW
Facility design review in fire safety is the process of evaluating the design and construction of a
building to ensure that it meets all fire safety regulations and codes. This includes assessing the
building's layout, construction materials, and fire protection systems to ensure that they meet
the necessary standards for fire safety.
The review process typically involves a team of fire safety experts, including architects, engineers,
and fire protection specialists, who will review the building plans, blueprints, and specifications.
They will assess the building's design and construction to ensure that it meets all relevant fire
safety codes and regulations, including those related to emergency egress, fire alarms, and
sprinkler systems.
During the review process, the team will also consider factors such as the building's occupancy
level, the types of materials and equipment used in the building, and the potential fire hazards
present in the building. This will help to identify any potential fire hazards and ensure that
appropriate measures are taken to mitigate them.
The review process also includes reviewing of the fire safety management plan, evacuation plan,
fire drills and other fire safety related procedures.
(6.0) INCIDENT REPORTING SYSTEM AND INVESTIGATION PROCEDURE
(i) INTRODUCTION
An incident reporting system is a system in which incidents, such as fires or other emergencies,
are reported and recorded. The system is used to document the details of the incident, including
the date, time, location, and nature of the incident, as well as any injuries or damage that
occurred.
The incident reporting system typically includes a process for reporting incidents, which may
involve a designated individual or team responsible for receiving and documenting reports.
Reports can be made in a variety of ways, such as through a telephone hotline, email, or an online
reporting system.
Once an incident has been reported, an investigation is usually conducted to determine the cause
of the incident, and what actions can be taken to prevent similar incidents from occurring in the
future.
The investigation procedure typically includes:
Gathering evidence: This includes interviewing witnesses, collecting physical evidence, and
reviewing documentation and video footage.
Identifying the cause: This includes analyzing the evidence to determine what caused the incident
and whether there were any contributing factors.
Identifying corrective actions: This includes developing recommendations for preventing similar
incidents from occurring in the future.
Communicating the findings: This includes presenting the findings to relevant parties, such as
management, employees, and regulatory bodies.
Implementing corrective actions: This includes putting in place the recommendations developed
during the investigation.
(ii) APPLICABILITY AND SCOPE
The applicability and scope of an incident reporting system refer to the types of incidents that
are required to be reported and the individuals or departments that are responsible for reporting
them.
The applicability of an incident reporting system typically includes all incidents that have the
potential to cause injury or damage, such as fires, explosions, chemical spills, medical
emergencies, and near-misses. It also includes incidents that violate safety policies and
regulations and incidents that result in damage to equipment or property.
The scope of the incident reporting system typically includes all individuals and departments
within an organization that is responsible for reporting incidents. This may include employees,
supervisors, managers, and contractors who work on the premises. The scope also includes the
reporting of incidents that happen to the visitors, clients, or any other third party who is on the
premises.

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The incident reporting system should also include procedures for reporting incidents that occur
outside of normal working hours, such as during evenings or weekends, as well as procedures for
reporting incidents that occur at remote locations, such as satellite offices or construction sites.
(iii) RESPONSIBILITIES
Under an incident reporting system, there are several key responsibilities that must be fulfilled
in order for the system to be effective. These responsibilities include:
Employee responsibility: Employees are responsible for reporting any incidents that occur in the
workplace. They should be familiar with the incident reporting procedures and know how to
report an incident.
Supervisor responsibility: Supervisors are responsible for ensuring that employees understand
the incident reporting procedures, and for ensuring that incidents are reported promptly and
accurately. They also have to follow up on the investigations and corrective actions.
Management responsibility: Management is responsible for ensuring that the incident reporting
system is in place, and for ensuring that incidents are investigated promptly and thoroughly. They
also have to ensure that the findings and corrective actions are communicated to the relevant
parties.
Compliance responsibility: Compliance personnel are responsible for ensuring that the incident
reporting system is in compliance with all applicable laws, regulations, and industry, standards.
Training responsibility: The management is responsible for providing training to employees on
the incident reporting system and procedures.
Communication responsibility: The management is responsible for ensuring that the incident
reporting system is well communicated to all the employees, contractors, visitors, and other
parties who are on the premises.
It's important for all individuals and departments within an organization to understand their
responsibilities under the incident reporting system, and to fulfill those responsibilities promptly
and accurately in order for the system to be effective.
(iv) INCIDENT REPORTING PROCEDURES AND PRACTICES
Incident reporting procedures refer to the steps that must be taken in order to report an incident.
The specific procedures will vary depending on the organization and the type of incident, but
generally, they include the following steps:
Notifying emergency services: In case of an emergency, such as a fire or medical emergency, the
first step is to notify emergency services (such as the fire department or ambulance) immediately.
Notifying management: After emergency services have been notified, the next step is to notify
management about the incident. This can be done through various means, such as calling a
designated emergency phone number, using an online reporting system, or through a supervisor
or manager.
Completing an incident report: Once the incident has been reported, the next step is to complete
an incident report. Incident reports should include details such as the date, time, location, and
nature of the incident, as well as any injuries or damage that occurred.
Gathering evidence: Evidence should be gathered as soon as possible, including photographs,
videos, and witness statements.
Investigating the incident: The incident will be investigated by the designated personnel or team
to determine the cause and contributing factors.
Communicating the findings: The findings will be communicated to the relevant parties, such as
management, employees, regulatory bodies and other stakeholders.
Implementing corrective actions: Based on the findings, corrective actions will be implemented
to prevent similar incidents from happening in the future.
Practicing incident reporting procedures on regular basis by conducting mock drills or simulations
will help to familiarize employees with the process, and help to ensure that incidents are reported
promptly and accurately in case of an emergency.
(v) INCIDENT INVESTIGATION
Incident investigation is an important aspect of an incident reporting system. It is the process of
determining the cause of an incident, as well as identifying any contributing factors and
recommendations for preventing similar incidents from occurring in the future.
The incident investigation process typically includes the following steps:
Gathering information: This includes interviewing witnesses, collecting physical evidence, and
reviewing documentation and video footage related to the incident.
Identifying the cause: This includes analyzing the information gathered to determine the root
cause of the incident, and whether there were any contributing factors.
Identifying corrective actions: This includes developing recommendations for preventing similar
incidents from occurring in the future.
Communicating the findings: This includes presenting the findings to relevant parties, such as
management, employees, and regulatory bodies.
Implementing corrective actions: This includes putting in place the recommendations developed
during the investigation.
The incident investigation should be conducted by a team of experts or designated personnel
who have the necessary skills and knowledge to conduct the investigation and should be done as
soon as possible after the incident occurs.
The incident investigation report should be complete and thorough and should include the
findings, corrective actions, and recommendations for preventing similar incidents from
occurring in the future.
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It's important to conduct incident investigations promptly and thoroughly, and to ensure that
appropriate actions are taken to prevent similar incidents from occurring in the future. This will
help to ensure the safety of employees and the public, and can also help to prevent damage to
equipment and property.
LOAD HANDLING
Load handling refers to the process of safely and efficiently moving and handling materials and
equipment, such as cargo and containers. In the context of incident reporting and investigation
procedures, load handling relates to the reporting and investigation of incidents that occur during
the handling of loads, such as accidents or damage to equipment or cargo.
The incident reporting system should include procedures for reporting incidents that occur
during load handling, such as accidents involving equipment, cargo, or personnel. These reports
should include details such as the date, time, location, and nature of the incident, as well as any
injuries or damage that occurred.
The incident investigation process should also include specific steps for investigating incidents
that occur during load handling. This may include reviewing the load-handling procedures,
interviewing witnesses, and inspecting the equipment and cargo involved in the incident.
The investigation team should also consider factors such as the weight and dimensions of the
load, the type of equipment used for handling, the condition of the equipment, the training and
qualifications of the personnel involved, and the condition of the surface where the load was
being handled.
The investigation report should include recommendations for preventing similar incidents from
occurring in the future, such as changes to load handling procedures, training and qualifications
of personnel, equipment maintenance, and inspection, and the surface condition where load
handling is taking place.
In summary, load handling under the incident reporting system and investigation procedure
refers to the safe and efficient
CHARGING AND REFUELING
Charging and refueling refer to the process of supplying energy or fuel to vehicles, equipment or
machinery. In the context of incident reporting and investigation procedures, charging and
refueling refer to the reporting and investigation of incidents that occur during the charging and
refueling of vehicles, equipment, or machinery, such as accidents or damage to the vehicles,
equipment, or machinery, or the environment.
The incident reporting system should include procedures for reporting incidents that occur
during charging and refueling, such as leaks, spills, fires, or explosions. These reports should
include details such as the date, time, location, and nature of the incident, as well as any injuries
or damage that occurred.
The incident investigation process should also include specific steps for investigating incidents
that occur during charging and refueling. This may include reviewing the charging and refueling
procedures, interviewing witnesses, and inspecting the equipment, vehicles, or machinery
involved in the incident.
The investigation team should also consider factors such as the type of fuel or energy being used,
the type of equipment or vehicles being charged or refueled, the condition of the equipment or
vehicles, the training and qualifications of the personnel involved, the condition of the charging
or refueling area and the environmental conditions.
The investigation report should include recommendations for preventing similar incidents from
occurring in the future, such as changes to charging and refueling procedures, training and
qualifications of personnel, equipment and vehicle maintenance and inspection, and the
condition of the charging and refueling area.

RECOMMENDATION
A systematic performance review for the response to a chemical incident or near incident can be
conducted in several ways. The time, effort, and resources allocated to such a review will vary
according to the nature of the incident, the complexity of the response, lessons learned from the
last review, and the availability of resources. The following three methods can be used in
reviewing the overall response to an incident. After the review process is complete, it is essential
to incorporate any lessons learned into improving the chemical emergency response system. This
can include the procurement of additional tools, communication, or protective equipment that
can be used during another incident response. In addition, the information gained during the
review process can be used to improve the training process for public health incident responders

WASH-UP
A wash-up is a relatively simple method to conduct a review, which involves a quick rerun of the
events of the incident and the response of the chemical emergency responders. Obvious errors,
deviations from the chemical incident response plan, and problems in communications are then
highlighted in a non-adversarial manner so that participants can learn as much as possible from
the actual incident and the rerun. The wash-up is conducted as soon as possible after the
incident, while the events are still fresh, and is usually an ‘in-house’ affair. The lessons learned
should be written up promptly and disseminated widely and eventually factored into standard
audit and training materials.
Evaluations
The goal of an evaluation is to analyze, methodically and systematically, the events of the incident
and to assess what impact the response had on the outcome. In particular, questions are asked
and judgments made as to the difference in outcomes if there had been no chemical incident
response, or if different responses had been made. It is a “what if” exercise. The responses to the
incident should be compared to existing operating procedures, and ideally, outside experts
should be brought in to add their expertise and a level of objectivity.

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Audit
An audit is a similar exercise to the wash-up, but the actual performance is measured against
standards. Standards are stated, explicit levels of expected performance, covering qualities such
as the speed of response, the presence or absence of minimum levels of equipment, and the
achievement of minimum or maximum levels of performance. Data from a chemical incident are
collected and collated and compared to the standards. The setting of standards is a complex issue
in its own right and may require the compilation of data from previous incidents. All of the actions
taken during the public health management of a chemical incident are mapped out, and where
available, a standard is identified. Ideally, the standards should be established before any
incident has taken place, but often this is not possible, in which case retrospective standards can
be established. An advantage of establishing standards before an incident has occurred is that
the data necessary to measure the performance against the standard can be collected as the
incident progresses. In any case, these standards must be established before the audit and are
independent of the actual results of the response. Following the audit, judgments should be
made as to how well the standards were met, and any areas for improvement should be noted.

CONCLUSION

Important public health lessons can be learned from the analysis of an incident (or near incident)
as well as from any epidemiological study conducted following an incident. Whenever possible,
the details of the incident should be written up and published. Reports can be simple in the
descriptions of an incident or epidemiological studies lessons learned. Reports should be
published in peer-reviewed journals, or to other institutions that collect information on chemical
and other incidents and emergencies. In addition, it is essential to use the data obtained during
the routine activities discussed above to evaluate the components of a chemical incident
response system. These data should make it possible to:

• Provide estimates of the magnitude of morbidity and mortality related to the chemical
incidents under surveillance.
• Stimulate epidemiological research likely to lead to control or prevention.
• Identify risk factors associated with the occurrence of chemical incidents.
• Permit assessment of the effects of control measures.
• lead to improvements in the practice of health and environment officials who are involved
in responding to an incident.
• Perform analyses to pinpoint what additional expertise, training, resources, and facilities
are needed to deal with incidents.
• Stimulate governments to initiate proper incident control mechanisms.
REFERENCES
As to assure my Lecturer this manual is based on my most sincere work and with the correct reference.

http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/medic/aboutus/departments/primarycareandpublichealth/clinical/publichealt
h/index.html

http://www.emdat.be/

http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/HS/HSEES/index.html

http://mahbsrv.jrc.it/mars/default.ht

Health Council of the Netherlands. The medium and long-term health impact of disasters. The Hague,
Gezondheidsraad, 2007. Report 2006/18E (http://www.gr.nl/pdf.php?ID=1487&p=1). Havenaar JM,
Cwickel JG, Bromet EJ, eds. Toxic Turmoil. Psychological and societal

Consequences of ecological disasters. New York, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2002. 2 IJzermans CJ,
Dirkzwager AJE, Breuning E. Long-term health consequences disaster he disasteribliography. Utrecht,
NIVEL, 2005 (http://www.nivel.nl/pdf/Long-term-health-consequencesof-disaster-2005.pdf)

Health Council of the Netherlands. The medium and long-term health impact of disasters. The Hague,
Gezondheidsraad, 2007. Report 2006/18E (http://www.gr.nl/pdf.php?ID=1487&p=1).

Contents
1.0 INTRODUCTION TO THE OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY MANUAL ................................................................ 0
(i) PURPOSE .................................................................................................................................................. 1
(ii) SCOPE ................................................................................................................................................... 1
(iii) DEVELOPMENT, MAINTENANCE, AND REVISION PROCESS .............................................................. 1
(2.0) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY PROGRAM MANAGEMENT .......................................................................... 2
(i) THE GOAL AND THE POLICY OF THE OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY PROGRAM MANAGEMENT ............... 2
(ii) PROGRAM ELEMENTS AND THEIR RESPONSE TO NON-COMPLIANCE .............................................. 2
(iii) THE ASSIGNED RESPONSIBILITIES AND SAFETY COUNCIL ................................................................. 3
(3.0) GENERAL HEALTH AND SAFETY ............................................................................................................ 4

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 (i) PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF WWORKPLACEHAZARD ................................................................... 4
(ii) HAZARD REPORTING............................................................................................................................ 4
(iii) PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIMPMENT ............................................................................................. 4
(iv) HAZARD COMMUNICATION ............................................................................................................... 5
(v) NOISE .................................................................................................................................................... 5
(vi) MOLD MANAGEMENT PROGRAM...................................................................................................... 5
(Vii) ASBESTOS MANAGEMENT PROGRAM.............................................................................................. 5
(Viii) HOUSEKEEPING................................................................................................................................. 6
(ix) ELECTRONIC PERMITS ......................................................................................................................... 7
(4.0) PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT PROGRAM................................................................................ 8
(i) INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................... 8
(ii) RESPONSIBILITIES................................................................................................................................. 8
(iii) PROGRAM COMPONENTS .................................................................................................................. 9
(iv) EYE PROTECTION ................................................................................................................................. 9
(v) GENERAL GUIDELINES WHEN CHOOSING PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT............................10
TRANSPORTING CHEMICALS WITHIN KIBABII UNIVERSITY (BETWEEN ROOMS AND/OR BUILDINGS.) ..12
HOW WE INTERACT WITH CHEMICALS ......................................................................................................12
WORKING WITH TOXIC CHEMICAL .........................................................................................................12
WORKING WITH FLAMMABLE CHEMICALS ............................................................................................13
WORKING WITH REACTIVE CHEMICALS .................................................................................................13
CHEMICALS
(5.0) FIRE SAFETY.........................................................................................................................................12
(i) INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................12
(ii) FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY IMPAIRMENT PROCESS .................................................................................13
(iii) SCHEDULED AND AFTER HOURS EMERGENCY IMPAIREMENTS ......................................................13
(iv) RESPONSIBILITIES..............................................................................................................................14
(impairments a COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS ...........................................................................................15
(vi) FIRE EXTINGUISHERS.........................................................................................................................16
(vii) TYPES OF FIRES .................................................................................................................................16
(viii) SELECTION AND PLACEMENT OF EXTINGUISHERS ........................................................................17
(ix) FIRE SAFETY INSPECTION ..................................................................................................................17
(x) EMERGENCY EGRESS ..........................................................................................................................17
(xi) FACILITY DESIGN REVIEW .................................................................................................................18
(6.0) INCIDENT REPORTING SYSTEM AND INVESTIGATION PROCEDURE .................................................19
(i) INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................19
(ii) APPLICABILITY AND SCOPE ................................................................................................................19
(iii) RESPONSIBILITIES..............................................................................................................................20
(iv) INCIDENT REPORTING PROCEDURES AND PRACTICES ....................................................................20
(v) INCIDENT INVESTIGATION .................................................................................................................21
LOAD HANDLING .....................................................................................................................................22
CHARGING AND REFUELING ...................................................................................................................22
RECOMMENDATION ...................................................................................................................................23
CONCLUSION ...............................................................................................................................................24
RREFERENCE ................................................................................................................................................27

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