NO: NAME: REG NO: PHONE NO: SIGN:

1 OLIVER KADIMA SED/SC/01534/023 0705170697

2 KARISA CHARO SED/SC/01491/023 0113341600
3 SAKINA NERIMA SED/SN/01818/023 0704439910
4 CALEB VIKUYI SED/SC/01540/023 0701572787
5 CYNTHIA ENDAO SED/SC/01481/023 0728088694
6 REUBEN KALES SED/SC/01490/023 0707322715
7 PENINA AKINYI SED/SC/03019/023 0740844762
8 GETRUDE CHEPTOO SED/SN/03098/023 0713143530
9 VALENTINE INDAGWA SED/SC/01560/023 0708109756
10 BRAMWEL WAFULA SED/SC/01570/023 0759969387
11 VINCENT OCHIENG SED/SC/01644/023 0792262243
12 MARION CHEPKORIR SED/SC/01453/023 0727053514
13 ANTONY OBAGA SED/SC/01421/023 0798462905
14 BONFACE OMBUI SED/SC/02955/023 0791403296
15 MOSES KAINGU SED/SN/01898_023 0769673462
16 CATHERINE LUCY SED/SC/03039/023 0796977119
17 CILIAN MARITA SED/SC/01622/023 0701337179
18 EVANS MUMO SED/AR/00486/023 0713331203
19 STEVEN ODHIAMBO SED/SC/01755/023 0718256473

20 DERRICK SAKWA SED/SC/01533/023 0758520567

1. Explain the factors that limit equal opportunities in Kenya (2marks)
Despite the Kenya’s government efforts towards the realization of education for
all (EFA), it continues to experience a number of challenges;
 High poverty levels
These leads to limited access to quality education; Poverty often means
families cannot afford school fees, uniforms, books and supplies. This
results in children, especially from poor families, being unable to attend
school regularly or at all. Also, schools in impoverished areas may lack basic
facilities like classrooms, libraries and proper sanitation .This affects the
quality of education and the learning environment.

 Inadequate financial resources

Schools in poverty-stricken areas often lack books, computers and other
learning materials essential for a well-rounded education. Without these
resources, students learning experiences are limited, affecting their ability
to compete with students from more privileged backgrounds. Furthermore,
school fees and expenses in many schools are required to pay fees for
tuition, uniforms, textbooks and other supplies. Families with limited
financial resources struggle to afford these expenses leading to disparity in
access to education.

2.Examine the influence of social class difference on the performance in

National Exams between private and public schools.(12marks)
 The influence of social class differences on academic performance in
national exams between private and public schools is a complex and
multifaceted issue.Various factors play a role in shaping the academic
outcomes of students from different social classes in these two types of
educational institutions
 Resource Allocation
Private schools often have more resources than public schools ,including
better facilities,smaller class sizes,higher teacher salaries and more
advanced educational materials.These resources can contribute to a more
conducive learning and academic outcomes for students from higher social
classes who attend private schools.On the other hand,public
schools ,especially those in lower-income areas,may struggle with limited
resources,larger class sizes and a lack of up-to-date educational
materials,which can negatively impact the academic performance of
students from lower social classes

 Parental involvement and support

Social class often correlates with the level of parental involvement and
support in a child’s education.Students from higher social classes may have
parents who are more involved in their education,providing additional
resources such as tutoring,educational materials and extracurricular
opportunities.This support can contribute to better academic performance
on national exams.Conversely,students from lower social classes may face
barriers to receiving the same level of support,which can affect their
performance in national exams,regardless of whether they attend private
or public schools.
 Peer influence and networking
Students from higher social classes attending private schools may have
access to a peer group that values academic achievement and provides
networking opportunities that can benefit there academic performance.On
the other hand,students from lower social classes attending public schools
in economically disadvantage areas may face peer pressure and negative
influences that can detract from their focus on academic success.
 Access to Quality Early Childhood Education
 Children from higher social classes are more likely to have access to quality
early childhood education,which can provide a strong foundation for
academic success later in life.Private schools often offer early childhood
education programs,while public schools in lower-income areas may face
challenges in providing the same level of quality childhood education.This
discrepancy in access to early childhood education can contribute to
differences in academic performance on national exams between students
from different social classes.
 Teacher Quality and Experience
Private schools often have the ability to attract and retain high-quality
experienced teachers through competitive salary and better working
conditions.In contrast, public schools, especially those in disadvantaged
vommuties, may struggle to retain experienced teachers, leading to a
potential disparity in the quality of education provided.This difference in
teacher quality and experience can impact the academic performance of
students from different social classes, as students with access to better
teachers may have a competitive edge in national exams.
Explain 5 ways in which education in ancient Egypt has influenced modern
education(10marks)

1.Hieroglyphics and writing:Ancient Egyptians were one of the earliest

civilizations to develop writing systems,including hieroglyphics.This early form of
writing laid the foundation for written communication and literacy,which are
fundamental aspects of modern education.
2.Mathematics and Science:Ancient Egyptians made significant contributions to
mathematics and science,including geometry,arithmetic and astronomy.These
disciplines formed the basis for modern mathematical and scientific
knowledge,which are essential components of education today.
3.Social stratifaction and specialization:In ancient Egypt,education was stratified
based on social class,with specialization training for different professions such as
scribes,priests and artisans.This hierarchical systems of education influenced the
organization of modern educational institutions and the concept of specialized
learning paths.
4.Religous Education:Religion played a central role in ancient Egypt society and
education often included religious instruction and rituals.This emphasis on
spiritual and moral has parallels in modern educational systems,where values
education and religious studies are common components.
5.Architecture and Engineering:Ancient Egyptians were renowned for their
architectural and engineering achievements,including the construction of
pyramids,temples and irrigation systems.The knowledge and skills developed in
these fields have informed modern architectural and engineering practices,which
are integral parts of contemporary education in these disciplines.

C.Describe the 6 main perspectives of the study of comparative

education(6marks)
The study of comparative education involves examining education sytems and
practices across different countries.There are six main perspectives in the field:
1. Historical perspective;This perspective focuses on tracing the historical
development of education systems in various countries,identifying key
influences,policies and reforms that have shaped educational practices over
time.
2. Sociological perspective;Sociological perspective analyzes how societal
factors such as culture,socioeconomic status,gender and ethinicity impact
educational systems and outcomes across different countries.
3. Anthropoligical perspective;Anthropological perspective explores the
cultural beliefs,values and practices that influence educational
 systems,including how education is perceived,structured and delivered
within different cultural contexts.
4. Comparitve perspective;This perspective involves comparing education
systems across different countries to identify similarities,differences and
trends in educational policies,practices and outcomes.It often involves
cross-national data analysis and case studies.
5. International perspective;It examines the influence of
globalization,international organizations and cross-border movments on
education policies,reforms and practices.It also considers the role of
international assessments and benchmarks in shaping educational agendas.
6. Philosophical perspective;It delves into the underlying ideologies,theories
and philosophies that inform educational policies and practices in different
countries.It explores questions related to
the purposeof education,educational goals and the role of education in
society.

TOM MBOYA UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF EDUCATION
UNIT CODE:EDF 111
UNIT NAME: HISTORY OF EDUCATION,SOCIOLOGY AND
TAKE AWAY CAT
LECTURER'S NAME:

DTE OF SUBMISSION:14TH MARCH,2024