UNIT 8

SOLAR CAR

Solar car is a solar vehicle used for land transport. Solar cars are often fitted with gauges as seen in
conventional cars. To keep the car running smoothly, the driver must keep an eye on these gauges to
spot possible problems. Cars without gauges almost always feature wireless telemetry, which allows the
driver's team to monitor the car's energy consumption, solar energy capture and other parameters and
thereby freeing the driver to concentrate on driving.

Solar cars combine technology typically used in the aerospace, bicycle, alternative energy and
automotive industries. The design of a solar vehicle is severely limited by the amount of energy input
into the car. Most solar cars have been built for the purpose of solar car races. Since 2011 solar-
powered cars have been designed for daily use on public roads: List of solar cars (with homologation).

Solar cars depend on a solar array that uses photovoltaic cells (PV cells) to convert sunlight into
electricity. Unlike solar thermal energy which converts solar energy to heat for either household
purposes, industrial purposes or to be converted to electricity, PV cells directly convert sunlight into
electricity. When sunlight (photons) strike PV cells, they excite electrons and allow them to flow, creating
an electric current. PV cells are made of semiconductor materials such as silicon and alloys of indium,
gallium and nitrogen. Crystalline silicon is the most common material used and has an efficiency rate of
15-20%.

Give T if the statement true and F if the statement false! Write your reason for each answer in the
right column!

Statement T/F Reason

1. The driver should pay attention to make the car
run smoothly.
2. Telemetry wireless helps the driver’s team to
monitor four aspects.
3. Aerospace, bicycle, alternative energy,
and automotive industries are needed to
support solar cars.
4. Solar cars only designed for solar car races.
5. Sunlight should convert into electricity use strike
PV cells
 TIME

Tell the time, please!

1) 4:11 =

2) 6:45 =

3) 2:56 =

4) 8:30 =

5) 11:41=

6) 5:15 =

7) 1:23 =

8) 12:47 =

STRUCTURE – CONJUCTIONS

And 1. I have a book and a pencil.

2. To improve her skill and to study hard are
two important goals of her courses.
But We are not going to force you but to guide you.
Our home is old but comfortable.
Audry listens music in her room.
Barney listens music in his room.
So ….. Subject
1. Audry listens music in her room and so does
Subject ……. too Barney.
2. Barney listens music in his room and Audrey
does too.
Both …..and.... I love both English and math.
Not only …..but also..... My girlfriend is not only smart but also beautiful.
Either….or..... We will either go to Australia or go to Singapore.

The music is either easy listing or good.

Neither ….nor..... We love neither dancing nor singing.

The film is neither interesting nor good.

Additional

1. Because VS Because of

Because : a conjunction which introduce a clause with a subject and a verb.

 I will be there because I love you.

Because : a prepositional phrase which introduce a noun or a noun phrase.

I will be there because of you. (as a noun)

I will be there because of your love. (as a noun phrase)

2. Despite VS in spite of

The meaning of despite and in spite of are similar. They indicate contradiction in a sentence or clause.

Example : Despite his anger, he is a good teacher. In spite of his anger, he is a good teacher.

Complete these sentences using appropriate conjunction!

1. We delayed our trip ...... the bad weather.

2. Sue's eyes were red ....... she had been crying.

3. My notes were not only incomplete ....... mussy.

4. ........its inherent dangers, Carl enjoyed his helicopter trip over the Grand Canyon in
Arizona.

5. Everybody likes him because he is nice .... helpful.

Choose the best answer from these sentences!

1. Receptionists must be able to relay information ______ pass messages accurately.

a. or b. and c. but

2. Susie was busy, so, she just ______ called someone ______ wrote a letter.

a. either, or b. neither, nor c. not only, but also

3. I like chicken .... not fish.

a. but b. and c. neither

4. Neither my mother .... my father will be able to attend the party on Sunday.

a. Or b. and c. Nor

5. Both Lukas ...... Lukman were late to the party.....his car broke down on the highway.

a. and, because b. nor, because of c. but also, and

Find the errors and correct it!

1. Risa will get good score if she study harder, so does Fandi.
2. Not only flowers but trees grow during warm weather.

3. My car has not only a radio but a Cd player.

4. I will go to either Jakarta or go to Sydney.

5. The students will do both math and do science in next week.

6. Although not really handsome, I love him.

7. I ate too much despite hungry.