Chapter - 1

I. Explain the difference between the following terms:

i. Downloading and Uploading
Downloading is the transferring data from a remote computer to one’s own computer.
Uploading is the transferring data from one’s own computer to a remote computer.

ii. Client and Server

A server, or network server, is a central computer that holds collections of data (databases)
and programs for connecting PCs, workstations, and other devices.
Clients are computers and other devices connected to a server, a central computer.

iii. Connectivity and Interactivity

Connectivity refers to the connection of computers to one another by a communications
line in order to provide online information access and/or the sharing of peripheral devices.
Interactivity refers to two-way communication; the user can respond to information he or
she receives and modify what a computer is doing.

II. What is information technology (IT)? Explains the parts of IT.

Information technology (IT) or “infotech” is a general term that describes any technology
that helps produce, manipulate, store, communicate, and/or disseminate information.
Information technology affects almost all aspects of our lives, including education, health,
finance, recreation and entertainment, government, jobs and careers, and your personal life.
IT merges computing with high-speed communications links carrying data, sound, and
video.
Two Parts of IT: Computers & Communications
Information technology comprises both computer technology and communications technology.
1. Computer Technology
A computer is a programmable, multiuse machine that accepts data—raw facts and figures—
and processes, or manipulates, it into information. Its main purpose is to speed up problem solving
and increase productivity.
2. Communications Technology
 Also called telecommunications technology, consists of electromagnetic devices and
systems for communicating over any distance.
 We also have communication among computers— which is what happens when
people “go online” on the Internet.
Online means using a computer or some other information device, connected through a network,
to access information and services from another computer or information device.
 A network is a communications system connecting two or more computers.
The Internet is the largest such network.

Chapter - 3

I. Explain the difference between the following terms:

1. Data file and Program file
Data file
Files that contain data—words, numbers, pictures, sounds, and so on.
Program file
Files containing software instructions that execute, or run, when opened.

2. Exporting and Importing

Exporting is defined as transforming data into a format that can be used in another
program and then transmitting it.
Importing is defined as getting data from another source and then converting it into a
format compatible with the program in which you are currently working.

3. Compression and Decompression

Compression
A method of removing repetitive elements from a data file so that it requires less
storage space and therefore less time to transmit.
Decompression
A method of restoring the removed data, or the repeated patterns.

II. How do you understand about Software License? Provide an explanation the different
varieties of software licenses.
Software license
An agreement of signing a contract not to make copies of the software to give away or
resell. Type Definition

Site license Allows the software to be used on all computers at a

Concurrent-use license
Multiple-user license
Single-user license
specific location
Allows a certain number of copies of the software to be
used at the same time
Specifies the number of people who may use the
software
Limits software use to one user at a time
 Chapter - 7

I. Explain the difference between the following terms:

1. Music player and Media player
Music players
• is a small portable device that is designed primarily for playing music
Media players
• is a small portable devices
• allow you not only to listen to music but also to view videos, play games,
browse the web, check email, access social networks, read e-books, and even
make phone calls (using Skype).

2. Digital zoom and Optical zoom

Digital zoom
• Means the image is cropped in the camera
• Lowers the resolution and so can produce a grainy photo
Optical zoom (before capture)
• Enlarges the subject without you needing to move closer
• Lens extends to focus on distant objects; clearer image

3. Satellite radio and High Definition radio

Satellite Radio
• also called Digital Radio
• Continuous streaming of audio over the Internet;
• Listeners have no control over the stream—just as with regular radio.
High Definition radio
• stands for hybrid digital radio
• is a form of radio that provides CD-quality sound and allows broadcasters to
squeeze one analog and two digital stations on the same frequency.

II. Describe the principle ways for image transferring.

Transferring technique allows you to place all or select areas of a photograph, illustration and
drawing onto or next to existing images in a seamless kind of collage.
Principle methods for transferring images
1. Use a direct connection between your camera and your computer (with a USB cable and
software)
2. Wireless connection
 3. Insert the memory card into your computer or card reader
4. Put your camera into a cradle attached to the PC
5. Use an online photo service
6. Use a photo printer with a built-in card slot
7. Use a photo-printing kiosk
8. Use a photo lab
9. Bring along your own card reader and CDs and use others’ computers

Chapter - 8

I. Explain the difference between the following terms:

1. Field and Record
Field (column)
A unit or category of data consisting of one or more characters (bytes).
Record (row)
A collection of related fields; it represents one entry in a table. Each record stores
data about only one entity.

2. Hypertext database and Hypermedia database

Hypertext database, in which any object, whether it be a piece of text, a picture, or a film,
can be linked to any other object. They are great for organizing large amounts of disparate
information, but not for numerical analysis.
Hypermedia database, which contains these links as well as graphics, sound, and video.
This type is created by software.

3. Weak AI and Strong AI

Weak AI
 makes the claim that computers can be programmed to simulate human cognition
and only some human cognition, to solve particular problems or reasoning tasks
that do not encompass fully human intelligence.
( OR )
 focuses on making machines act as if they were intelligent.

Strong AI

 makes the claim that computers can be made to think on a

level that is at least equal to humans and possibly even be conscious of themselves.

( OR )
  focuses on making machines that really think—that represent human minds.

II. What is meant by database model? List the model of database and discuss about object-
oriented database.
Database model

A database model determines the information a database will contain and how it will be used and
how the items in the database relate to one another.

Model of database

i. Hierarchical Database
ii. Network Database
iii. Relational Database
iv. Object-Oriented Database
v. Multidimensional Database

Object-Oriented Database

An object-oriented database uses “objects,” software written in small, reusable

chunks, as elements within database files. An object consists of:
• Data in any form, including text, numbers, graphics, audio, and video.
• Instructions on the action to be taken on the data.
In this kind of DBMS the operations carried out on information items (data objects) are
considered part of their definition.
Many high-tech companies can create custom databases.
Multimedia database
- An object-oriented database is a multimedia database; it can store more types of data than a
relational database can.
- Moreover, the object would store operations, called methods, the programs that objects use
to process themselves.

Types of object-oriented databases

There are three types of object-oriented databases

1. Hypertext database, in which any object, whether it be a piece of text, a picture, or a film,
can be linked to any other object. They are great for organizing large amounts of disparate
information, but not for numerical analysis.
2. Hypermedia database, which contains these links as well as graphics, sound, and video.
This type is created by software.
3. Object-relational database
Object-relational, or enhanced-relational, database models handle both hierarchical and
 network data (structured data) and relational and object-oriented data.

Chapter - 10
I. Explain the difference between the following terms:
1. System and System analysis
System
A system is defined as a collection of related components that interact to perform
a task in order to accomplish a goal.
Systems analysis
Phase 2 of the SDLC; the purpose is to gather data (using written documents,
interviews, questionnaires, and observation), analyze the data, and write a report. The
results of systems analysis determine whether the system should be redesigned.

2. Compiler and Interpreter

Compiler
A language-translator program that converts the entire program of a high-level
language into machine language before the computer executes the program.
Interpreter
A language-translator program that converts each procedural language statement
into machine language and executes it immediately, statement by statement.
3. Syntax error and Logic error
Syntax errors are caused by typographical errors and incorrect use of the
programming language.
Logic errors are caused by incorrect use of control structures.

II. Give a brief definition of system analyst. What does a systems analyst do?

Systems analyst
Systems analyst is an information specialist who performs systems analysis, design, and
implementation.
Complex projects will require one to several system analysts.
System Analyst’s job
1. to study the information and communications needs of an organization
2. determine what changes are required to deliver better information to the people who need
it
“Better” information :
 information that is summarized in the acronym CART — Complete, Accurate, Relevant,
and Timely
 The system analyst achieves this goal through the problem-solving method of systems analysis
and design.
Systems analysis and design
 six phase problem-solving procedure for examining an information system and improving
it.
The six phases make up what is called the systems development life cycle.
Systems development life cycle
 step-by-step process that many organizations follow during systems analysis and design