Document

A document consists of a set of structural information that can be in different

forms of media, and during presentation they can be generated or recorded. A
document is aimed at the perception of a human, and is accessible for
computer processing. A multimedia document is a document that is included
of information coded in at least one continuous (time-dependent) medium and
in one discrete (time-independent) medium. The integration of the different
media is given through a close relationship between information units. This is
also called synchronization. A multimedia document is closely related to its
environment of tools, data abstractions, basic concepts, and document
architecture.

Examples of documents: • book • letter • paper • form • movie • cd recording •

web page plus links • database

The collection of information comprising a document is usually divided into

logically connected components

Definition of Structured document:

Document comprising a hierarchy of components

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 Multimedia Research Topics
Multimedia consists of a wide variety of topics:
❖ Multimedia Processing and Coding: This includes multimedia
content analysis, content-based multimedia retrieval, multimedia
security, audio/image/video processing, compression, and so on.
❖ Multimedia System Support and Networking: People look at
such topics as network protocols, Internet, operating systems,
servers and clients, quality of service (QoS), and databases.
❖ Multimedia Tools, End Systems, and Applications: These
include hypermedia systems, user interfaces, authoring systems
❖ Multimodal Interaction, and Integration: "ubiquity" - web-
everywhere devices, multimedia education, including computer
supported collaborative learning and design, and applications of
virtual environments.

Multimedia Research Projects

Multimedia Projects have Many research projects in multimedia:
❖ camera-based object tracking technology: One aim is to develop
control systems for industrial control, gaming, and so on that rely on
moving scale models (toys) around a real environment (a board
game, say). Tracking the control objects (toys) provides user control
of the process.
❖ 3D motion capture can also be used for multiple actor capture, so
that multiple real actors in a virtual studio can be used to
automatically produce realistic animated models with natural
movement.

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 ❖ "Digital fashion" aims to develop smart clothing that can
communicate with other such enhanced clothing using wireless
communication, so as to artificially enhance human interaction in a
social setting. The vision here is to use technology to allow
individuals to allow certain thoughts and feelings to be broadcast
automatically, for exchange with others equipped with similar
technology.
❖ Georgia Tech's Electronic House call system, an initiative for
providing interactive health monitoring services to patients in their
homes, relies on networks for delivery, challenging current
capabilities.

Multimedia Applications
Multimedia Application is an application which uses a collection of multiple
media sources e.g., text, graphics, images, sound/audio, animation and/or
video.
Some multimedia applications:
▪ Multimedia applications aimed at handicapped persons, particularly
those with poor vision and the elderly, are a rich field of endeavor in
current research.
▪ Electronic messages: Send audio and video files as attachments
via email. Audio and video downloader. Send simple text data in the
mail. It also provides a service for storing and transferring messages.
▪ Image Enhancement: highlighting details of image by increasing
contrast. Making picture darker and increasing grey scale level of
pixels. Rotating image in real time. Adjusting RGB to get image with
proper colors.

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 ▪ Multimedia in Education field: For the use of multimedia as an
education help the PC contains a high-quality display. This all has
promoted the development of a wide range of computer-based
training.
▪ Multimedia in software: Software Engineers may use multimedia in
computer from entertainment to designing digital games; it can be
used as a learning process. This multimedia software’s are created
by professionals and software engineers.
▪ Multimedia on the Web: offering various online facilities like live TV,
Pre-recorded videos, photos, animations.

Multimedia on the WORLD WIDE WEB

The World Wide Web is the largest and most commonly used hypermedia
application. Its popularity is due to:
✓ The amount of information available from web servers
✓ The capacity to post such information
✓ The ease of navigating such information with a web browser.

WWW technology is maintained and developed by the World Wide Web

Consortium (W3C) although the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
standardizes the technologies. The W3C has listed the following three
goals for the WWW:
✓ Universal access of web resources (by everyone everywhere)
✓ Effectiveness of navigating available information
✓ Responsible use of posted material.

The Internet as basically just a bunch of computers that can communicate

with each other, but we all know it as much more than that: The Internet

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can be used to share information and communicate. How do we get from
wires connecting computers to that? In order to do useful things, computers
on the Internet need to exchange information. In order to do that, they need
to agree on how that information is exchanged between them. The Uniform
Resource Identifier (URD identifies the resource accessed, such as the
host name, always preceded by the token ''http://''. A URI could be a
Uniform Resource Locator CURL)

Protocol a set of rules or procedures for transmitting data between

electronic devices, such as computers. In order for computers to exchange
information, there must be a preexisting agreement as to how the
information will be structured and how each side will send and receive it.
Without a protocol, a transmitting computer, for example, could be sending
its data in 8-bit packets while the receiving computer might expect the data
in 16-bit packets.

Protocol are established by international or industrywide organizations.

Perhaps the most important computer protocol is OSI (Open Systems
Interconnection), a set of guidelines for implementing networking
communications between computers. Among the most important sets of
Internet protocols are TCP/IP, HTTPS, SMTP, and DNS.

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

HTTP is a protocol that was originally designed for transmitting
hypermedia, but it also supports transmission of any file type.
WWW is about communication between web clients and servers
Communication between client computers and web servers is done by
sending HTTP Requests and receiving HTTP Responses
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The World Wide Web is about communication between web clients and
web servers.
Clients are often browsers (Chrome, Edge, Safari), but they can be any
type of program or device.
Servers are most often computers in the cloud.

HTTP Request / Response

Communication between clients and servers is done

by requests and responses:

1. A client (a browser) sends an HTTP request to the web

2. A web server receives the request
3. The server runs an application to process the request
4. The server returns an HTTP response (output) to the browser
5. The client (the browser) receives the response

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)

HTML is the standard markup language for creating Web pages.
HTML describes the structure of a Web page
HTML consists of a series of elements
HTML elements tell the browser how to display the content
HTML elements label pieces of content such as "this is a heading", "this is
a paragraph", "this is a link", etc.

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Extensible Markup Language (XML)
XML is a software- and hardware-independent tool for storing and
transporting data.
XML stands for extensible Markup Language
XML is a markup language much like HTML
XML was designed to store and transport data
XML was designed to be self-descriptive
XML is a W3C Recommendation

The Difference Between XML and HTML

XML and HTML were designed with different goals:
▪ XML was designed to carry data - with focus on what data is
▪ HTML was designed to display data - with focus on how data looks
▪ XML tags are not predefined like HTML tags are

Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL)

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Is a World Wide Web Consortium recommended Extensible Markup
Language (XML) markup language to describe multimedia presentations. It
defines markup for timing, layout, animations, visual transitions, and media
embedding, among other things. SMIL allows presenting media items such
as text, images, video, audio, links to other SMIL presentations, and files
from multiple web servers. SMIL markup is written in XML, and has
similarities to HTML.

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