Architectural Visualisation Using Virtual Reality
Vijayalakshmi R Suryadatta P
Assistant Professor Department of Computer Science and
Department of Computer Science and Engineering.
Engineering. Rajalakshmi Institute Of Technology
Rajalakshmi Institute Of Technology Chennai, India
Chennai, India suryadatta.p.2019.cse@ritchennai.edu.i
vijishami@gmail.com
Abstract— There are many significant advantages in
using virtual reality technology for architecture and
design, according to our research on the subject. The
capacity to create interactive, realistic, and immersive
environments that let clients and designers experience the
building in a way that is not achievable with conventional
2D plans or physical models is one of the main benefits.
Buildings, landscapes, and interiors can all be viewed and
experienced from every angle thanks to the exact and
realistic 3D models that architects and designers can
produce utilising VR technology. This enables customers
to fully appreciate the building's dimensions, scale, and
proportions in addition to the ambience and vibe it
exudes. VR technology can be utilised to discover and
resolve any design flaws or challenges in addition to
giving clients a more immersive experience. Architects
and designers can test and improve their designs in a way
that is not achievable through conventional means by
simulating various scenarios and settings. By avoiding the
need for expensive and time-consuming design
adjustments, this can help to save time and money during
the construction process. In addition, VR technology can
be applied to the construction of greener, more energy-
efficient buildings. Architects may optimise the design to
lower energy use and boost sustainability by simulating
how a building performs in various environments and
climates. This may have a substantial effect on the
building's long-term running costs. Integration of Nanite
and Lumen in this system not only reduces the
computational power needed but also increases the
realism and efficiency thus making it easier for the user
as well as developer to use the technology in a simplified
manner. Overall, using VR technology in architecture
and design has a number of advantages that can aid in the
creation of structures that are more precise, effective, and
sustainable. Designers may guarantee that their designs
satisfy the needs and expectations of their clients while
also accomplishing their objectives for sustainability and
efficiency by offering them an immersive and interactive
experience.
Keywords— Virtual Reality (VR), Three Dimensional
(3D), Architecture, Interior Design, Nanite, Lumen.
I. INTRODUCTION
Across a variety of industries, including architecture and
design, more and more application areas are emerging as the
availability of virtual reality technology continues to grow
quickly. In the past, 2D drawings or actual models were
frequently the only options for visualizing new buildings. As
a result, architects and designers can now give clients an
Rishidhar MSR
Department of Computer Science and
Engineering.
Rajalakshmi Institute Of Technology
Chennai, India
rishidhar.msr.2019.cse@ritchennai.edu.
n in
immersive and engaging experience by using VR technology,
which provides a more precise and realistic picture of
buildings.
Making convincing VR models for visualization purposes is
now simpler and more accessible than ever thanks to the
advent of commercially available equipment like the Oculus
Rift headset or cardboards that turn compatible mobile
devices into portable VR equipment. Users can view and
experience the scale of the institution, the inside, and the
choices for a particular design using our VR application for
architecture and design. Customers no longer need to go to a
site physically, which saves them time and money. We
included interactivity into the programme to make sure that
our application offers a thoroughly immersive experience.
Users can select and display several design alternatives, as
well as interact with the surrounding space, to enhance the
sense of reality. Our main goal was to reduce the application's
resource requirements without sacrificing the visual
experience. By doing this, we were able to develop a platform
that facilitates the entire design process while minimizing the
cost of last-minute changes.
The application of VR technology in architecture and design
can reduce costs and save time, while also increasing the
precision of the design process. Architects and designers may
find and fix possible design issues before construction starts
by allowing them to experience a building in a realistic and
immersive setting. This can make it more likely that the
finished product will satisfy the client's requirements and
expectations while simultaneously attaining the objectives of
sustainability and efficiency.
II. LITERATURE SURVEY
[1] Architects frequently struggle to adequately
describe a building's spatial experience to customers and
other stakeholders. Static renderings and 3D models, which
are common tools for visualising designs, aren't always able
to accurately portray a sense of size and depth. This might
lead to a gap between the client's expectations and the final
product of the project. But, architects are increasingly
bridging this gap with VR technology. The wearer is
immediately submerged in a genuine 3D environment using
VR head-mounted displays like the Oculus Rift and HTC
Vive, which gives them an astounding sense of scale and
spatial awareness. By tricking the brain into believing what
is being seen is genuine, this can produce a strong sense of
presence. For both architects and clients, being able to
experience a building in this way is a game-changer. It
enables customers to comprehend the spatial relationships
between various design aspects, resulting in better
judgements and a more accurate portrayal of the finished
product. The ability to explore various spatial configurations
and make better informed selections about materials,
finishes, and lighting gives architects a strong tool for
visualising and fine-tuning their projects. In general, virtual
reality technology has the power to revolutionise the way
architects interact and construct structures.
[2] Technology known as virtual reality (VR) has
completely changed how architects present their designs to
clients. High-quality VR headsets and inexpensive
smartphone add-ons like Google Cardboard have made it
possible for architects to construct incredibly lifelike virtual
environments that clients can easily navigate. A Toronto-
based technology company called Yulio provides software
that turns 3D models into virtual reality (VR) experiences,
enabling architects to present their designs to clients all over
the world. Additionally, it enables architects to produce
virtual tours of their construction sites and host them on
Yulio's cloud-based CMS.
With VR technology, architects may cooperate with colleag
ues around the world and interact with their clients.
Also, it enables quicker design revisions and encourages arc
hitects to evaluate their own work more carefully. High-
end headsets are expected to become more portable and affo
rdable in the future, making virtual reality a feasible option
for architectural presentation.
[3] CHIU-SHUI CHAN researched and concluded that A
fundamentally novel method of connecting with computers is
virtual reality. It is also a potent new form of expression that
is still developing. The systematic research of VR and its
design applications are discussed in this study. Shown is the
significant historical evolution of the essential elements that
make up a modernised VR system. Several ways of creating a
design tool are described in order to explore potential futures
based on the benefits, drawbacks, and limitations of the
current development. By fusing VR and the new information
technology, it is envisaged that VR will be able to be utilised
as a design tool to boost creativity and as a research tool to
address the diverse information media concerns that the 21st
century would bring.
[4] The proposed model is to create a new undergraduate
architecture curriculum that encourages independent learning
by utilising digital design ecosystems (DDEs). The study
looks at two DDEs, one of which is concerned with 3D
modelling methods and the other with computational and
interactive elements. The effect of these DDEs on student
involvement during design ideation and the building of virtual
environments is evaluated in the study using a User
Experience Questionnaire (UEQ). The findings imply that
while DDEs might be challenging and perplexing, students
find them engaging and alluring. The study helps to
contextualise design education initiatives in architecture
education that use VR and other digital technologies.
[5] This study focuses into how structural systems and
their construction are seen during design in architectural
design studios using a virtual reality environment. This study
has proven that using VR throughout the structural system's
design phase is advantageous. The use of VR is rising. the
designer's awareness of the structural characteristics and
component assembly of the structural system during design.
Virtual reality is a useful medium for design. Virtual reality
may enable immediate examination and selective
reinterpretation more than any other design medium. Also, in
a single design activity, virtual reality enables designers to
smoothly transition between the attributes of design elements,
abstract representation, and component assembly of the
structural system. To examine and quantify these linkages,
more study and research is required.
Virtual reality, on the other hand, fosters imagination and
emphasises the connection between architectural design and
its structural structure. An essential aspect of this relationship
is how the structural system affects the form and design of the
architecture. Also, more studies and research should be
conducted in this area.
[6] The advantages of VR applied functions are
increased because virtual reality produces a powerful comm
unication platform with a high degree of perception and exp
loration. The use of a microsimulation editorplayer with an
XML file in a virtual reality environment is reported in this
research article. The function's specifics are provided.
The function, which aims to combine visual and textual data
in VR model visualisation, was created by the researcher an
d added by the programmers to the micro-simulation plug-
in of VR Studio version 6, formerly known as UC-in/Road.
In general, the research article covers the methods of compu
ter simulation and their applications in virtual reality. The
research paper then goes on to present a case study of the
visualisation of the construction process in a virtual reality
setting, where the newly developed function is used to
simultaneously display data reports linked to the stages of
VR model visualisation. The concluding remarks highlight
this micro-simulation function and highlight its possible
applications in many industries.
[7] In the study of António Leitão and Renata Castelo-
Branco, Virtual reality has been found to improve engagement
between architects and clients while facilitating perception
and navigation within 3D models. In this case, it is crucial to
provide quick updates to the model while one is still immersed
in it in order to better explore paths along the design space that
are suggested from this interaction. Such assistance is offered
by algorithmic design, a method of architectural design that
represents a design space rather than a single design instance
using parametric algorithms. We describe a revolutionary
architectural design method that encourages an immersive
approach to algorithmic design by fusing live coding with
virtual reality.
[8] Al-Falahi and Ahmed’s study pinpointed the
technological barriers preventing architects from utilising
virtual reality (VR) in their work and to offer suggestions to
improve the technology to suit their requirements. The study
discovered that VR hardware, such as demanding computers
and large, cumbersome equipment, and software, such as a
lack of cooperation and time-consuming jobs, present
challenges for architects. A portable headset and software that
supports multiplayer are suggested as solutions. The report
makes other recommendations for potential applications of
VR, including as a remote meeting tool and a tool for
conceptualising model designs. The aim of the study is to
provide recommendations for VR technology optimization for
the architect role to manufacturers and developers.
 [9] Virtual reality (VR) and Augmented reality (AR) are
becoming trends. The way construction is done in the future
may be impacted by these technologies. These technologies
are currently not very common in the building sector. With an
emphasis on augmented- and virtual reality, this paper seeks
to understand how the Swedish construction sector complies
to the present digitalization trend. Semi-structured interviews
with 13 managers from 8 different AEC businesses revealed
that these technologies are definitely thought to have the
potential to alter how these organisations operate. Examples
of applications for augmented reality and virtual reality can be
found in the present literature. Unfortunately, because most
managers consider the technology to be too expensive and
because they have little to no knowledge of its benefits, these
technologies have not yet developed enough to have an
influence. The same applied to BIM, where a lack of
understanding appears to be the standard for all levels of
employment in the construction sector, from worker to
management. This is consistent with the results of the
interview as well as earlier studies. The adoption of BIM,
augmented reality, and virtual reality is also hampered by a
lack of client demand and antiquated work practices.
[10] The application of VR technology in architecture
today as passive and exploratory systems is where its intrinsic
promise lies. In the aforementioned cases, it has "allowed new
possibilities," as in the Virtual Wheelchair project and the
GreenSpace project, but it has also "added value to existing
possibilities," as in the virtual reconstruction projects, in
architecture. Due to limitations in current software and
hardware technologies, VR's application in architecture may
not be as convincing as the actual, but it does allow us to
undertake activities that were previously impossible or make
them easier for us to execute more successfully. Future
technological advancements will definitely yield many
benefits, but these issues won't go away any time soon.
[11] The potential advantages of immersive virtual reality
(IVR) for the visualisation of complex data and models are
discussed in the article. It implies that IVR has the potential
to enable more natural interactions with data and to let us
"see" things that are not now possible with desktop 3D
graphics. IVR technology is still rudimentary and pricey, and
spending on visualisation — let alone IVR visualisation — is
behind spending on computing and data collection. Given the
success stories and advancements in hardware, software, and
interaction technology, the paper contends that optimism is
warranted. However, a lot more study is required to create
visualisation and interaction methods that effectively utilise
the IVR medium.
III. LIMITATION
Although virtual reality (VR) technology has advanced
significantly in recent years, there are still a number of
restrictions to take into account when utilising VR to
examine homes rather than physically visiting the location.
Some of the most prominent restrictions are listed below:
(i) Absence of a physical experience: Although
virtual reality (VR) can simulate a 3D world, it cannot
duplicate the sensation of being in a real area. For instance,
you are unable to interact with the furniture or walls, feel
them, or detect the room's aroma or sound.
(ii) Restricted field of vision: Since VR headsets
usually have a small field of view, you might not be able to
see the entire scene at once. Because of this, it could be
challenging to fully comprehend how the room is organised
and flows.
(iii) When using VR headsets, some people may
feel queasy or sick to their stomach, especially if they are
prone to motion sickness in general.
(iv) Absence of context: VR can offer you a sense
of a home's inside, but it cannot give you information about
the area's surroundings or environment. For instance, you
might not be able to see the views from the windows or get a
feel for the atmosphere of the neighbourhood.
(v) Technological restrictions: Since VR
technology is still in its early stages of development, there
may be restrictions that affect the entire experience. For
instance, poor visuals or lag time might reduce the immersion
and realism of the experience.
Ultimately, while virtual reality (VR) might be a useful tool
for seeing homes, it cannot replace a physical property visit.
For faraway purchasers or for gaining a feel for a house bef
ore deciding to make an in-
person visit, it can, nonetheless, be a useful addition to in-
person visits.
IV. PROPOSED SYSTEM
Nanite and Lumen are the two primary programmes that the
suggested system uses.
A. Virtual Model
For model building, we are utilizing utilized
Blender, a free and open-source programme. We paid close
attention to the model's fidelity despite employing
standard box-modelling methods because our programme has
to be an architectural application.
The functionality of Blender, a 3D creative tool, is
accomplished via a range of technologies.
A strong and effective foundation for 3D graphics
and animation is provided by the core of Blender, which is
constructed using a mix of the C and C++ programming
languages. Python scripting is also used for software
automation and customisation.
The graphics rendering engine of Blender is based
on OpenGL and OpenCL, supporting hardware acceleration
and cutting-edge visual effects. With its Eevee engine, it
further offers real-time rendering.
Blender stores and transmits 3D data using a variety
of file formats, including its own.blend format. Also, it is
compatible with widely used file formats including FBX,
OBJ, and Alembic.
Blender also makes use of a variety of different
technologies to offer features like particle systems, physics
simulations, and video editing. They include, among others,
the Bullet physics engine, OpenVDB, and FFmpeg.
Because Blender is open-source, it may be easily
linked with other systems and programmes, including
gaming engines like Unity and Unreal Engine.
Generally speaking, Blender's technology is a
synthesis of many programming languages, graphics
rendering engines, and other technologies that offers a strong
and adaptable toolkit for 3D creation and animation.
Two distinct but related 3D graphics and processing
technologies are OpenGL and OpenCL.
 An application programming interface (API) called
OpenGL is used to produce visuals in 2D and 3D on a range
of systems. Developers may utilise the features and
commands it offers to create graphics and control the display.
Virtual reality software, video games, and scientific
visualisation all make extensive use of OpenGL.
In contrast, OpenCL is a free standard for parallel
computing on several platforms.
It offers a framework for programmers to create
applications that may utilise the processing capacity of
various hardware, including CPUs, GPUs, and DSPs.
Scientific simulations, machine learning, and image and
video processing are just a few of the uses for OpenCL.
While being independent technologies, OpenGL
and OpenCL have certain commonalities. Both may be used
to run computations on GPUs and both employ parallel
processing techniques to increase performance. Moreover,
OpenCL and OpenGL may work together to process data as
it is being rendered in real-time.
Both OpenGL and OpenCL are widely used in 3D
graphics and computing, including the video game industry.
They are always changing, with each technology gradually
gaining new features and functionalities.
A common method in Blender for making 3D
models is box modelling. Box modeling's fundamental
principle is to begin with a straightforward cube or other
simple item and gradually sculpt and polish it to obtain the
desired shape.
The general steps for box modelling in Blender are
as follows:
1. Begin with a simple shape, such a cube or plane.
Your model will be built on top of this.
2. Add edges and extra geometry as necessary in
Edit Mode by using the loop cut and slide tools. This will
enable you to improve the model's shape.
3. To extract faces and produce more complex
shapes, use the Extrude tool. Selecting the desired faces and
then pressing the E key will accomplish this.
4. To change the model's shape as necessary, use the
Grab, Rotate, and Scale tools. By tapping the S, R, and G
keys, you may go to these tools, respectively.
5. To make the geometry look more polished, use
the Subdivision Surface modification. This can be achieved
by including the modifier in the model and making the
necessary configuration adjustments.
6. Employ the sculpting instruments to further hone
the model's form. By going to Sculpt Mode and utilising the
different brushes to add or delete geometry, you may do this.
7. To make the model look more realistic, add
textures and materials. Applying textures and materials to the
model is possible by utilising the Materials tab in the
Properties panel.
A wide range of 3D models can be created using the
adaptable and flexible technique known as box modelling.
You can utilise box modelling in Blender to make intricate
and detailed models with some expertise and experimenting.
It is necessary to integrate the model into a gaming
engine, thus it must be impenetrable. As we already
indicated, the application's processing requirements
are crucial, thus we made an effort to reduce the number of
vertices in order to prevent frame rate dips.
We will construct the model in several qualities,
from the least detailed to the most intricate, for comparable
reasons. We will create two versions of the lightning model,
one with options for dynamic lightning and the other with
solely baked lightning. In order to match the technical
characteristics of the presently in use gadget to the most
suitable model.
We had to keep in mind that the programme should
allow the usage of separate design for different rooms
because the main goal of the application is to present the
interior design of a building and to give a true sense of the
impression of the future home. To accomplish this,
we must apply cuts between logically distinct but physically
identical rooms (for instance, the master bedroom
and the balcony in the same room). These rooms' walls and
floor are separated into various vertex-groups in addition
to being on various UV areas.
Walls can be made in low-poly 3D modelling by
employing basic geometric forms like cubes or rectangular
prisms. The dimensions of a cube's sides and the coordinates
of its vertices are used in its mathematical expression. You
can start by making a basic cube in low-poly, then scale and
extrude its faces to produce the appropriate shape.
As an illustration, consider the following
mathematical expression for building a cube with side length
"a":
Vertices: V1 = (0, 0, 0) V2 = (0, a, 0) V3 = (a, a, 0)
V4 = (a, 0, 0) V5 = (0, 0, a) V6 = (0, a, a) V7 = (a, a, a) V8 =
(a, 0, a)
Edges: E1 = (V1, V2) E2 = (V2, V3) E3 = (V3, V4)
E4 = (V4, V1) E5 = (V5, V6) E6 = (V6, V7) E7 = (V7, V8)
E8 = (V8, V5) E9 = (V1, V5) E10 = (V2, V6) E11 = (V3,
V7) E12 = (V4, V8)
Faces: F1 = (V1, V2, V3, V4) F2 = (V5, V6, V7,
V8) F3 = (V1, V4, V8, V5) F4 = (V2, V3, V7, V6) F5 = (V1,
V2, V6, V5) F6 = (V4, V3, V7, V8)
The faces, edges, and vertices of a cube are
described by this mathematical formula. You can scale and
extrude the cube's faces to take on the required shape to make
a wall. For instance, you could extrude the cube's faces to
create a rectangular prism, then modify the prism's
dimensions and shape to create the wall.
Fig.4.1 Virtual Model of the house
Parameter Dimension / Amount
Total Number of faces 18,465 approx.
Study Room 7ft 10” X 7ft 9”
 Toilet 1 4ft 0” X 5ft 0” 1. Mesh Import: High-resolution meshes are first
Toilet 2 4ft 0” X 6ft 0” imported into Nanite, usually as FBX or OBJ files. After that,
Bedroom 8ft 6” X 11ft 2” Nanite automatically transforms the mesh into a collection of
Master Bedroom 10ft 0” X 12ft 0” virtualized micropolygons.
Kitchen 6ft 3” X 8ft 0” 2. Virtualized Micropolygons: Nanite virtualizes
Balcony 3ft 5” X 9ft 0” micropolygons into a distinctive data format that enables
Living / Dining 17ft 4” X 9ft 0” effective geometry streaming and rendering.
Total Dimensions 22ft 9” X 34ft 8” X 9ft 0” 3. Level of Detail (LOD) Streaming: Depending on the
distance from the camera, Nanite uses LOD streaming to
Table 4.1 Parameters of the Virtual Model control the number of micropolygons being drawn at any
given time. Performance is enhanced and the rendering
process is optimised as a result.
4. Remove any geometry that is not currently visible to
the camera using occlusion culling in Nanite. By lowering
the amount of data that needs to be processed, this further
optimises the rendering process.
5. Material Processing: To apply materials to the
virtualized micropolygons, Nanite processes materials such
as textures, shaders, and lighting. This enables effects for
shading and lighting that are realistic.
6. Rendering: The virtualized micropolygons are
rasterized and processed with hardware acceleration before
being rendered, which is the last stage. Nanite uses ray
tracing and other cutting-edge GPU capabilities to produce
realistic lighting and shadows in real-time.

Fig.4.3 Floor Plan of the Model

B. Nanite
Epic Games, the company behind the well-known
Unreal Engine game engine, has created a technique called
Nanite that enables incredibly high-resolution 3D images in
virtual settings. Nanite technology creates highly detailed
objects and environments that would have been impossible to
depict in real-time using conventional methods by breaking
down 3D geometry into small "nanites" that can be streamed
and drawn in real-time. Fig.4.2 Nanite Cluster Visualisation
Nanite technology can significantly improve the visual
fidelity of virtual worlds in the context of VR, giving them a
Parameters High Poly Static Nanite Mesh
more realistic and immersive feel. Nanite can assist in
Mesh
fostering a sense of presence and immersion that is essential
for a fully engaging VR experience by generating very Triangles 258000 258000
detailed objects and scenes with real-time lighting and Vertices 126000 126000
shadows. Nanite Disabled Enabled
The need for a lot of computing power to produce the Size 162 MB 13 MB
intricate images in real-time could be an issue while using
Nanite in VR. This implies that it might be more difficult to Table 4.2 Comparison between Static and
Nanite Mesh
run Nanite-based VR experiences on low-end hardware,
which might restrict the audience for these kinds of
experiences. As compared to the normal Static Mesh compression, the
Nanite is an interesting new technology that could Nanite compression, with a size of 13.00MB, is 10.1 times
significantly improve the visual fidelity of VR experiences, lower.
in general. It may take some time for developers to
completely incorporate it into their VR projects, though, as it C. Lumens
is still rather new. Another technology created by Epic Games, Lumen, is
The following steps can be used to breakdown the intended to give virtual environments real-time global
Nanite process in Unreal Engine: illumination. Global illumination, as opposed to local
illumination on specific items or surfaces, describes how
light reflects off things and affects the lighting in the entire
area. Global lighting has always been challenging to do in
real-time, but Lumen intends to change that by offering a
more effective and scalable approach.
By offering more realistic lighting and shadows, Lumen
can significantly improve the visual quality of virtual worlds
in VR. Lumen can contribute to the development of a more
engaging and convincing VR experience by faithfully
replicating the behaviour of light in the actual world.
Lumen, however, also needs a lot of computing power
to render in real-time, just as Nanite. This implies that using
Lumen in VR experiences on low-end hardware may not be
practical, which could restrict the audience for these kinds of
experiences.
D. Personalization and interactions
Key components of the application are the
implemented interactions. They not only give the option to
alter the interior design but also add depth and realism to the
virtual experience.
A range of flooring, furniture, and other wall
coverings for indoors will be produced by us. Clients have a
very realistic opportunity to choose from and view the
proposed materials precisely in their own homes.
In order to keep the computational requirements to
a minimum, we devote great attention to the integration of
the furnishings. Free furniture collections typically have a
high vertex count, so rather than downloading them, we will
choose to make our own furniture and only download the first
collection that suited our needs given the computing demands
of visualization.
In order to incorporate product photographs into the
interior design tool, we use blender to create realistic textures
of what the space will feel and look like. Consumers can go
through actual floor and wall covering catalogs and virtually
visualise how the various options fit in their own houses.
These characteristics enhance the virtual experience and
greatly increase the realism of the setting.
Such processes include opening doors, where the
user must push the door handle in addition to clicking on the
door in order to enter a room. Sound effects will also be
added to this technique to enhance it.
Also, some of the equipment are been designed to
be mobile. By grabbing the lamp or the wall switch, you can
turn on and off the lights. Some of the lights are dimmable.
The movements of the objects are realistic; for instance, if the
player drops the thing they just collected, it would fall to the
ground.
Beyond that, the player can light objects using a
torch.
The experience is intensified by the emerging
shadows and glimmers.
The visual quality of VR substantially improved by Lumen,
an interesting technology overall. Although it might take
some time for developers to fully include it into their VR
projects, in the end it might help to expand the possibilities
for VR and produce even more immersive and compelling
virtual experiences.
V. RESULT
Nanite and Lumens are two distinct technologies used for
various 3D graphics tasks. Nanite is a technology that enables
the rendering of massive 3D models with high levels of detail
and performance, whereas Lumens is a lighting system
intended to replicate the behaviour of light in a virtual world.
The advantages of both systems can be used in a hybrid
model, nevertheless, by combining these technologies. For
instance, the illumination of a sizable 3D model created with
Nanite utilising the Lumens lighting system results in a
highly detailed and authentic environment that faithfully
mimics the behaviour of light in the actual world.
For Lumens to be used with Nanite, it would be necessary to
calculate the total number of lumens that each light source in
the scene emits and then utilise mathematical formulae to
calculate how those lumens interact with the Nanite
micropolygons that make up the 3D model. A complicated
set of algorithms and data structures, including as ray tracing,
occlusion culling, and material rendering, would be needed
for this.
To illustrate architectural blueprints in a more realistic
manner, we created a VR application for architects. With the
aid of the application we created, we sought to improve
people's perceptions of the planning process. One of the
major issues with planning and building is that clients
frequently cannot visualise the size and inside of a building
until they are unable to stand inside it. Furthermore, after
construction and furnishing, the effect of the structure and its
atmosphere on our feelings becomes apparent.
At this point, modifications are both expensive and difficult.
We concentrated on the aspects that received less attention in
the previous two programmes despite being crucial to
contemporary architectural planning, taking into account
their strengths and shortcomings. Our program's main goal is
to impart not just knowledge but also a sense of the structure.
VI. CONCLUSION
We developed a VR app for architects in order to better
realistically depict architectural designs. We intended to alter
how individuals perceived the planning process by utilising
the application we developed. One of the major issues with
planning and construction is that customers frequently cannot
appreciate the size and interior of buildings until they are
unable to stand inside of them. Also, it becomes clear how
the structure and its ambience affect our feelings after it has
been built and furnished. At this point, modifications are both
expensive and difficult. Also, it facilitates client decision-
making with regard to design-related issues. It can raise
customer satisfaction and lower the price of future
adjustments.
REFERENCES
[1] AEC Magazine. “Virtual Reality for
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