Subject: Complete denture

Seminar:3

Impression materials for complete

denture

Done by:
Anfal haitham
Ameer emad
Alqassem hussien
Amna raheem

Supervised by:
Afeiaa lateef jassim
*Dental Impression
a negative imprint of an oral structure used to produce
a positive replica of the structure to be used as a permanent
record or in the
production of a dental restoration or prosthesis.

*Objectives of impression making

Complete denture impression procedures must provide ve
objectives
1. Retention
2. Stability
3. Support for denture
4. Aesthetic
5. Preservation of the residual alveolar ridge and soft tissue

* Retention = Denture base + Soft tissue.

* Stability = Denture base + Bone.
* Support = Denture base + Bone + Soft tissue.
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*Requirement of ideal impression materials:
1- excellent details reproduction.
2-good tear strength and easy to manipulate.
3- No distortion when removed from the mouth.
4- it should be dimensionally stable.
5- it should be cheap and available.
6- non-toxic and non-irritant.
7- good mixing, working time and setting time.
8- setting should be less than 5 minutes.

*Primary impression

This impression is obtained by a stock tray to make the

study cast

*Materials used for primary impression:

1. Impressions compound.
2. Alginate impression material.
3. Rubber base impression material (heavy
body)
*Impression compound
It is thermoplastic impression material, used for primary
impression of
complete dentures, border moulding of special trays and
extension of
trays. There are two main presentations of impression
compound: red
compound and green stick the latter mainly used for
border moulding
and recording the post-dam area

*Advantages
1. Can be reused, easy to use
2. Non-irritant and non-toxic
3.It is cheap and available .

*Disadvantages
1. Poor dimensional stability
2. Easy to distort when withdrawn from the mouth
3. It don't have suf cient ow and may cause internal
compression.
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*Alginate impression

Alginate impression material (irreversible hydrocolloid)

An excellent material for primary impression. Although it has good
elastic property, its long-term stability is quite poor. Hand mixing is
required and the powder/water ratio can affect the setting reaction,
gel
strength, consistency and ow.
One of the most widely impression materials used.

*Types of alginate impression material:

Type I- fast setting.

Type II- normal setting

*Advantages of Alginate
1. It is cheap and easily available
2. It is easy to mix and manipulate
3. Elaborate arrangement does not require
4. It is suf ciently elastic and impression of moderate
undercut area can be take.
5. Comfortable to the patient
6. It is hygienic
7. It gives good surface details
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*Disadvantages of Alginate
1. It can not be corrected if there is inaccuracy of
the impression
2. It is elastic but not so adhesive. So, it should be
held tightly against the tissue surface until it sets
3. On storage after impression it loses its
dimension (it suffers from syneresis and
imbibition).
4. Poor tear strength
 *Final or secondary impression
The nal impression is made with special tray and it is used
for making
master cast.

*Materials used for nal impression:

1. Zinc oxide.
2. Alginate impression material.
3. Impression plaster.
4. Elastomers impression material:
a- Polysulphide (rubber base).
b- Poly ether.
c- Silicon (light body).
5. Waxes.
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Agar: Agar is another hydrophilic colloid impression material like alginate
but reversible. It is the rst elastic impression material to be used in dentistry.

*ADVANTAGES
1.good biological properties.
2. Good surface detail reproduction.

*DISADVANTAGES
1. Need special equipment (water bath) and special technique
2. Dimensional instable evaporation or imbibition.
3. Low strength and poor tear resistance.
4. Slow setting time.
Non-aqueous elastomers (polysul des\polyether\Condensation
Silicone\Addition Silicones).
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 *Zinc oxide
Applications: Cementing and insulating medium.
Temporary lling.
Root canal lling material.
Bite registration paste.
Impression material for edentulous patients.
Temporary relining material for dentures.

*Advantages:
• Economical and easy to use
• Good ow helps in recording ne details
• Dimensionally stable

*Disadvantages:
• It cannot be used in stock trays; custom trays are mandatory
• Fragile
• Can produce burning sensation of the mucosa
• Setting time varies with temperature and humidity
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*Plaster of Paris
Impression plaster was one of the earliest impression materials in
dentistry Because of its rigidity (not elastic). it often had to be
fractured to
remove it from undercut areas in the mouth. The impression plaster
is
mixed with water in a prescribed ratio, it currently is rarely used to
make
impression since it is rigid and fracture easily.

*SILICON RUBBER IMPRESSION MATERIAL Types

1-condensation silicones
2-addition silicones Condensation silicones

*Condensation silicone
This was the earlier of the two silicone impression materials. It is
also
known as (conventional silicones). It is available as a reactor paste
and an
activator paste. Both of them are mixed in the recommended ratio
to
produce a uniform mix.

*Advantage
- well accepted by patients
- high elasticity
- excellent surface details
*Disadvantage
- dimensional instability due to the formation and evaporation of
ethyl alcohol from the impression.

*2.ADITION SILICONES
Introduced after condensation silicones
Have better properties than condensation silicones.
Also known as poly vinyl siloxane.

*Advantages
- highly accurate
- high elasticity
- may be poured 1 weak after making the impression
- multiple pours possible

*Disadvantage
- more rigid than condensation silicon
- Expensive
polysul de impression material
polyether impression materials come in various viscosities from
lightweight/soft to heavy weight and have varying set times Dispensing
techniques can be hand mix, syringe or machine mix to reduce waste and
ensure accuracy

*Advantage:
a. Easy to mix and handle
b. More accurate than polysul des
c. Good surface details
d. Easy poured in stone
*Disadvantage:
a. Short working and setting times
b. May distort if sorted in humidity or water
c. Expensive
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*Boxing an impression

Boxing: Is the enclosure of an impression to produce the

desired size and

form of the base of the cast and to preserve desired details.

Boxing impression can be used for primary and nal

impression for
complete denture. This procedure cannot usually be used
on impression
made from hydrocolloid materials (e.g. alginate) because
the boxing wax
will not adhere to the impression material and the
impression material
(alginate) will be distorted.
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*Advantages of boxing:
1. To facilitate pouring the impression with plaster or stone.

2. Produce the desired size and form of the base of the

cast.
3. Provide adequate thickness of cast.

4. Preserve desired details and borders of the impression.

5. In the lower impression, boxing makes the reproduction

of the lingual borders and tongue space easier.

*Materials used for boxing impression:

1.Beading wax

2.Boxing wax

3.Base plate wax

 *Common faults in impression making:

1. Poor selection of the tray.

2. In suf cient material loaded in the tray.

3. Excessive material loaded in the tray.

4. Failure to press the tray completely to position

(insuf cient seating

pressure)
5. Excessive seating pressure.

6. Incorrect position of the tray before nal seating it (Un

centralization).
7. Obstruction of the proper ow of the material by lips,

cheek or tongue.
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 classi cation of impression materials
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Refrence:
Textbook of Complete Dentures
Arthur O. Rahn، John R. Ivanhoe، Kevin D. Plummer