NAME: Martha Zakia A.

Reston DATE SUBMITTED:

GRADE & SECTION: 10-Humility. SCORE:

RESEARCH PAPER

DNA
INTRODUCTION:
Deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA, is a molecule found in the cells of all living organisms
and serves as the genetic blueprint for life. Its discovery in 1953 by James Watson
and Francis Crick marked a significant milestone in biology, revolutionising our
understanding of heredity and inheritance. Structurally, DNA consists of two long
chains of nucleotides twisted into a double helix, with each nucleotide containing a
sugar, phosphate group, and one of four nitrogenous bases: adenine (A), thymine
(T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G). The sequence of these bases along the DNA
molecule determines the genetic information encoded within, guiding cellular
processes and ultimately determining an organism's traits and characteristics.
Through the study of DNA, scientists have made profound discoveries in genetics,
molecular biology, and medicine, paving the way for advancements in fields such as
genetic engineering, personalised medicine, and evolutionary biology.

BODY:

DNA is made up of two polynucleotide chains containing nitrogenous bases that form
a double helix. Nitrogenous bases on opposing strands create complementary base
pairs by hydrogen bonding, which preserves its stability. DNA replication controls
cellular functions like gene expression and metabolism by ensuring that each
daughter cell obtains an identical copy of the genetic code. The genetic substance
that transmits genetic information from parents to children during reproduction is
called DNA. Genetic variety within populations is facilitated by variations in DNA
sequences, which also propel evolution throughout time. Molecular phylogenetics,
individual identification, and the detection and treatment of genetic illnesses have all
been made possible by DNA research, which has transformed professions such as
genetics, medicine, and forensics.

CONCLUSION:

In conclusion DNA is a basic biological molecule that provides the genetic

information that all living things possess and acts as the blueprint for existence.
Accurate genetic instruction transfer is ensured by its double helix shape. Cells can
accurately copy genetic material by DNA replication, which guarantees the
continuation of life. The discovery of DNA has transformed professions including
genetics, medicine, and forensic science by expanding our knowledge of heredity
and evolution. Advances in DNA sequencing technology continue to extend our
understanding of the genetic code, offering new insights into the variety of life and
the mechanisms behind hereditary diseases. It has consequences for scientific
investigation as well as human health.

References

● Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "DNA". Encyclopedia

Britannica, 18 Mar. 2024
● DNA. (2024, January 26). Wikipedia.
● Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA). (n.d.). Genome.gov