Education Psychology

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Educational Psychology
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Education Psychology
1. The word psychology is derived from two …………….. Words.
a. Latin b. Greek
c. Persian d. None of these.
The word “psychology” comes from two specific Greek words—psyche, which means “soul,” “life,” or
“mind,” and logia, which means “the study of.” Simply put, psychology is the study of the mind. They
explore how psychological factors interact with biological and sociocultural factors to influence individual
development.
2. Psyche means
a. Soul b. Mind
c. Behavior d. All of above.
3. By earlier psychologists, the psychology was first time defined as the
a. Science of mind b. Science of behavior
c. Science of soul d. All of above
4. Psychology defined as the science of mental processes in 1892 by.
a. William James b. James sully
c. William MC dugal d. None of above
James defined psychology as the conscience of the mental life because he thought that consciousness is
what makes the mental life possible. He sought to discover the utility of human consciousness and how it is
fundamental to survival. He was the first to coin the phrase "stream of consciousness,” which means a
person's thoughts and conscious reactions to events, perceived as a continuous flow.
5. Psychology was defined as the science of inner world by James sully in

a. 1884 b. 1885
c. 1984 d. None of above
James Sully (1884) defined psychology as the “Science of the Inner World”. Wilhelm Wundt (1892) defined
psychology as the science which studies the “internal experiences'.
6. Wilhelm Wundt in 1892 defined the psychology as the science which studies the….
a. Internal mind b. Internal consciousness
c. Internal experiences d. None of above.
7. Study of behavior and modification of behavior are respectively called psychology and
a. Physiology b. Phycology
c. Education d. None of above.
8. Both psychology and…………… studies the human behavior.
a. Education b. Philosophy
c. Both a and b d. None of above
Psychology is the science of mind and behavior. Psychology includes the study of conscious and
unconscious phenomena, as well as feeling and thought. It is an academic discipline of immense scope.
Education is a broad term that encompasses the process of obtaining general knowledge, personal
awareness, and skills training. Although not sufficient, education is a necessary component for behavior
change.
9. Which one of the following studies both the human behavior and its modification?
a. Psychology b. Educational psychology
c. Educational philosophy d. None of above
Educational psychology is the branch of psychology concerned with the scientific study of human learning.
The field of educational psychology involves the study of memory, conceptual processes, and individual
differences (via cognitive psychology) in conceptualizing new strategies for learning processes in humans.
10. Educational psychology deals with the behavior of human being in educational situation
a. Skinner b. Stephen
c. Peel d. Crow and crow
Burrhus Frederic Skinner was an American psychologist, behaviorist, author, inventor, and social
philosopher. He was a professor of psychology at Harvard University from 1958 until his retirement in 1974
11. Educational psychology is
a. Basic science b. Applied science
c. Natural science d. None of above
The basic sciences are the source of most scientific theories; they are defined as the scientific disciplines of
mathematics, physics, chemistry, and biology. They are called basic sciences because they provide a
fundamental understanding of natural phenomena and the processes by which natural resources are
transformed.
Applied science is the use of existing scientific knowledge to practical goals, like technology or inventions.
Natural science is a branch of science concerned with the description, prediction, and understanding of
natural phenomena, based on practical evidence from observation and experimentation. Today, natural
sciences are more commonly divided into life sciences, such as botany and zoology; and physical sciences,
which include physics, chemistry, astronomy, and Earth sciences.
12. Which one can be measured by educational psychology?
a. Intelligence b. Attainment
c. Personality d. All of above
13. Genetic aspects of educational psychology, the progress of the child is noted in terms of
a. Hours and days b. Weeks and days
c. Months and years d. None of above
Genetics is the study of heredity, the process by which various characters are transferred from parents to
offspring so that human beings, and more generally all living organisms, resemble their ancestors.
14. Who is the central theme in educational psychology?
a. Teacher b. Subject
c. Learner d. methods
15. Development starts from head hand proceeds to downward
a. Cephaulo caudal b. Proximo distal
c. Bilateral d. None of above
Cephalocaudal means head to toe. As such, the cephalocaudal principle refers to the general pattern of
development seen in the earliest years specifically ranging from infancy into toddlerhood.
Proximodistal development describes the general tendency for the development of motor skills to start at
the center of an organism and radiate outwards from there. Once the motor skills for their limbs are
developed then finger manipulation and other fine tuned movements will develop
The bilateral transfer of learning is the transference of physical performance learned by one side of the
body to the opposite side of the body. For instance, once a person has learned to shoot a basketball with
their right hand it is not difficult to transfer that learning to the left hand.
16. The development pattern which proceeds from Centre to outward is called
a. cephaulo caudal b. proximodistal
c. bilateral d. none of these
17. The growth in height of child may be almost standstill b/w the age of
a. 12-18 years b. 8-10 years
c. 6-8 years d. None of these
18. Rousseau classified the development of human child into …….. stages
a. 2 b. 3
c. 5 d. 4
Stages of Education as Depicted by Rousseau in his Book Emile
1. Education for Infancy (1 to 5 years)
2. Education for Childhood (5 to 12 years)
3. Education Boyhood (12 to 15)
4. Education for Manhood (15 to 20 years)
19. It is common belief among the modern educational psychology that the individual usually completes
his development by
a. 16 b. 18
c. 20 d. 25
20. According to the dr. jones at what age a child attains maturity
a. 12 b. 18
c. 20 d. None of these
21. The British philosopher who stated that at the birth, the mind of a child is like a clean slate.
a. John Dewey b. John Amos
c. John Locke d. None of these
22. Give me a child and I will make him anything. Who said this?
a. Dr. Watson b. Piaget
c. Galton d. None of these
23. In educational psychology every phenomena is the product of both heredity and
a. Environment b. Education
c. Learning d. None of these
24. Which one is the most influenced by heredity?
a. Physical appearance b. Intelligence
c. Personality d. None of these
25. Which one is the least influenced by heredity?
a. Intelligence b. Physical appearance
c. Personality d. None of these
26. According to the psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud, the personality of person is fashioned in the first
a. 6 years b. 5 years
c. 10 years d. 7 years
27. The maximum gain in weight take place in b/w
a. Oct-Dec b. Jan-mar
c. May-July d. None of these
28. The minimum gain in weight b/w
a. April-June b. March-may
c. July-sept d. None of these
29. Which one is called the age of puberty
a. 20 b. 25
c. 13 d. 18
Answer is: C
Puberty is the time in life when a boy or girl becomes biologically mature. It is a process that usually
happens between ages 10 and 14 for girls and ages 12 and 16 for boys. It causes physical changes, and
affects boys and girls differently.
30. Complete growth is attain by the age of 16 year and 20 years respectively
a. Girls-boys b. Boys-girls
31. At the time of birth an infant is an average length and weight
a. 20 inches and 7 pounds b. 15 inches and 7 pounds
c. 10 inches and 4 pound d. None of these
32. Which of the following represents later child hood?
a. 2-6 years b. 6-12 years
c. 12-18 years d. None of these
33. Slow, steady and uniform growth is the characteristics of
a. Early childhood b. Later childhood
c. Adolescence d. None of these
34. The word adolescence comes from the Latin word adolescere which means
a. To grow b. To develop
c. To lead d. To come up
35. For adolescence, approximately daily requirements are 3200 calories for boys and …………. For girls.
a. 2300 b. 3200
c. 2800 d. 3000
36. The thinking process involved in producing of an idea or concept that is new, original & useful is
termed as:
A. Creativity B. Innovation
C. Intelligence D. Synectics
37. The primary aim of educational psychology is:
A. To contribute to an understanding of sound educational practices.
B. To provide the academic background essential for effective teaching.
C. To provide a theoretical framework for educational research.
D. To provide the teacher with a greater appreciation of his role in the
Education of the child.
38. According to Psychology, all education is
A. Deliberate B. Functional
C. Purposive D. Self –education
39. The best definition of Educational Psychology is “A study of teaching and learning” has been given by:
A. W. Kolesnik B. James Ross
C. Charles E. Skinner D. N.L. Munn
Charles E. Skinner (1958) says that, “Educational Psychology is that branch of psychology which deals
with teaching and learning.” According to the definition by Skinner, educational
psychology is psychology applied for improving teaching and learning processes
40. A development perspective involves concern with changes occurring over time in–
A. Form B. Rate
C. Sequence D. All of these
41. Which one of theories of intelligence advocates the presence of general intelligence 'g' and specific
intelligence's'?
A. Anarchic theory B. Guilford's theory of intellect
C. Spearman's two factor theory D. Vernon's hierarchical theory
Anarchic Theory:
The chief exponent of this theory is Prof. Thorndike. According to him, the mind is a host of highly
particularized and independent faculties. The theory maintains that from a man’s ability to do one kind of
work we can infer absolutely nothing as to his ability to do another kind of works. If a boy is good in
literature, we can judge absolutely nothing about his ability to study Chemistry; even in scientific subjects, if
they are unrelated to each other, from one’s ability to do well in one subject, one can say nothing whether
in another subject he would do equally well or not.
In Guilford’s Structure of Intellect (SI) theory, intelligence is viewed as comprising operations, contents,
and products. There are 6 kinds of operations (cognition, memory recording, memory retention, divergent
production, convergent production, evaluation), 6 kinds of products (units, classes, relations, systems,
transformations, and implications), and 5 kinds of contents (visual, auditory, symbolic, semantic,
behavioral). Since each of these dimensions is independent, there are theoretically 180 different
components of intelligence.
Spearman's two-factor theory proposes

That intelligence has two components: general intelligence ("g") and specific ability ("s"). ... Regarding
g, Spearman saw individuals as having some level of more or less general intelligence, while s varied from
person to person based on the specific task.
Vernon's verbal-perceptual model is a theory about the structure of intelligence proposed by Philip E.
Vernon in 1964 (Vernon, 1964, 1965). It was influenced by the theory of g factor.
Vernon puts emphasis on the g factor in all the mental abilities. He divided the g factor as verbal-
educational factor (v:ed) and perceptual-mechanical skill factor (k:m).
v:ed factor: verbal and educational abilities
k:m factor: spatial, practical, and mechanical abilities
Thurstone Seven primary mental abilities :
The seven primary mental abilities in Thurstone's model were verbal comprehension, word
fluency, number facility, spatial visualization, associative memory, perceptual speed, and
reasoning.
42. What is the aim of education?
A. All round development of the personality of a child. B. Moral development of a child.
C. Ability to read, write and do arithmetic. D. To gain knowledge.
43. What is meant by growth in the strict sense of the terminology of psychology?
A. It is the mental growth of a child. B. The increase in size, weight & height.
C. It is related to the functions of the body. D. All of the above.
In psychology, though, growth and maturation are a little different. Growth is the physical process of
development, particularly the process of becoming physically larger. It is quantifiable, meaning that it can
be measured, and it is mostly influenced by genetics.
44. What is meant by development?
A. It is the growth of heart, brain and muscles. B. It is improvement of the ability.
C. it is a complex process of integrating many structures and functions.
Psychological development, the development of human beings' cognitive, emotional, intellectual, and
social capabilities and functioning over the course of a normal life span, from infancy through old age
45. Which age is called the adolescent age of a child?
A. From 3 to 12 yrs. B. From 13 to 19 yrs.
C. From 20 to 25 yrs. D. From 26 to 35 yrs.
Adolescence is the period of transition between childhood and adulthood
46. "In youth we learn in age we understand". What does this statement indicate?
A. Relationship of learning with age. B. Learning stops with adulthood.
C. In youth our understanding is better. D. There is no learning in childhood.
47. What does intellectual development include?
A. The development of mind. B. Development of thinking, reasoning and interest perception.
C. Development of skills. D. Development of emotions.
Cognitive or intellectual development means the growth of a child's ability to think and reason. It's about
how they organize their minds, ideas and thoughts to make sense of the world they live in. Begin to reason
and argue, uses words like why and because. Understand concepts like yesterday, today and tomorrow.
48. How many words does a child learn to speak at the age of 2, according to Prof. Smith?
A. 150 words B. 372 words
C. 172 words D. 272 words
49. On which animal Pavlov conducted his experiment
A. Rat B. Cat
C. Dog D. Bird
In the famous experiments that Ivan Pavlov conducted with his dogs, Pavlov found that objects or events
could trigger a conditioned response. The experiments began with Pavlov demonstrating how the presence
of a bowl of dog food (stimulus) would trigger an unconditioned response (salivation).
50. Mirror drawing apparatus is related to
A. Conditioning B. Trial and error
C. Span of memory D. Forgetting
Mirror Drawing test is used to measure - Rate of learning. The mirror-drawing test is a psychological test
that may be evaluated according to the speed and accuracy in tracing, as well as can be judged in terms of
qualitative reactions.
51. What factor influence a healthy growth of a child
A. One way love B. Parent's balanced behavior
C. According to environment D. Good food
52. The most difficult age for the development of a child is -
A. Early childhood B. Teen age
C. Young age D. Adult age
The teenage years can be an emotional assault or attack course for all concerned. One of the reasons many
of us find it so hard is because it is a time of rapid physical development and deep emotional changes.
These are exciting, but can also be confusing and uncomfortable for child and parent alike.
53. Heredity and atmosphere are correlated
A. Companions B. Dependent
C. None of the above D. All of these
54. Which of the following is not an accepted stage in Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development?
A. Interpersonal relations B. Individualism
C. Social rights D. Universal principles
Kohlberg's theory proposes that there are three levels of moral development, with each level split into two
stages. Kohlberg suggested that people move through these stages in a fixed order, and that moral
understanding is linked to cognitive development. The three levels of moral reasoning include pre
conventional, conventional, and post conventional.
Level 1 – Pre conventional morality
Pre conventional morality is the first stage of moral development, and lasts until approximately age 9.
• Stage 1. Obedience and Punishment Orientation. The child/individual is good in order to avoid being
punished. If a person is punished, they must have done wrong.
• Stage 2. Individualism and Exchange. At this stage, children recognize that there is not just one right view
that is handed down by the authorities. Different individuals have different viewpoints.
Level 2 - Conventional morality
• Stage 3. Good Interpersonal Relationships. The child/individual is good in order to be seen as being a
good person by others. Therefore, answers relate to the approval of others.
• Stage 4. Maintaining the Social Order. The child/individual becomes aware of the wider rules of society,
so judgments concern obeying the rules in order to uphold the law and to avoid guilt.
Level 3 – Post conventional morality
• Stage 5. Social Contract and Individual Rights. The child/individual becomes aware that while rules/laws
might exist for the good of the greatest number, there are times when they will work against the interest of
particular individuals.
• Stage 6. Universal Principles. People at this stage have developed their own set of moral guidelines which
may or may not fit the law. The principles apply to everyone.
E.g., human rights, justice, and equality. The person will be prepared to act to defend these principles even
if it means going against the rest of society in the process and having to pay the consequences of
disapproval and or imprisonment. Kohlberg doubted few people reached this stage.
55. An ideal teacher should concentrate
A. On teaching methods B. On the subject being taught
C. On students and their behaviours D. On all of these
56. The motive of the concept of curricular flexibility is to benefit
A. Disabled students B. Minority students
C. Reserved castes D. All of these
Curriculum flexibility is conceptualized in terms of adaptability and accessibility of the curriculum to
students' needs and capabilities.
57. What do you understand by the term Peer Group ?
A. People of same profession B. Friends and acquaintances
C. Family members and relatives D. All of these
58. A problem child has
A. Pampering guardians B. Hereditary problems
C. IQ problems D. Physical problems
59. Research technique in which researchers obtain information about infant's spontaneous behavior is:
A. Standardized developmental testing B. Experimental designs
C. Naturalistic observation D. Newborn neurobehavioral exams
Naturalistic observation is a research method that is used by psychologists and other social scientists. The
technique involves observing subjects in their natural environment.
Spontaneous behavior is performed "without any constraint, effort, or premeditation." It's thereby
understandable as "unplanned" or "impromptu"
60. Experimental designs are characterized by:
A. Normative data B. Controlled conditions
C. Automated Stimulation D. All of the above
Normative data is data from a reference population that establishes a baseline distribution for a score or
measurement, and against which the score or measurement can be compared. Normative data is typically
obtained from a large, randomly selected representative sample from the wider population.
Control condition in an experiment or research design, a condition that does not involve exposure to the
treatment or intervention under study.
61. Research findings that explain behavior under many conditions are:
A. Generalizable B. Valid
C. Reliable D. All of the above
Generalizable: able to be made more widely or generally applicable.
62. The Bayley Scales of Infant Development:
A. Are the most widely used method of assessing infant developmental level
B. Indicates an infant's abilities relative to others of the same age
C. Measures mental and motor capacities
D. All of the above
Nancy Bayley was an American psychologist best known for her work on the Berkeley Growth Study and the
subsequent Bayley Scales of Infant Development. Originally interested in teaching, she eventually gained
interest in psychology, for which she went on to obtain her Ph.D. in from the University of Iowa in 1926
The Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development is an assessment instrument designed to measure
motor, cognitive, language, social-emotional, and adaptive behavior development in babies and young
children. It involves interaction between the child and examiner and observations in a series of tasks.
What Are the Elements of the Bayley Scales?
The entire test takes about an hour to administer. After completing a set of developmental tasks, the examiner is able
to produce a developmental quotient which is different from an intelligence quotient or IQ).
The Bayley Scales contain three subtests:
The Cognitive Scales, which measures a child's ability to, for example, engage in pretend play, attend to objects, or
look for an object that has fallen;
The Language Scale, which measures a child's ability to understand and use spoken language to label objects or
people, follow instructions, or recognize objects based on spoken description or labels;
The Motor Scale, which tests both gross and fine motor abilities.
Two additional tests may or may not be administered. They include:
The Social-Emotional Scale, which measures a child's ability to engage with others socially, self-calm and
takes part in age-appropriate play.
The Adaptive Behavior Scale, which measures a child's level of development relative to everyday life skills
such as following rules, cooperating, and generally adapting to new or demanding situations.
63. An infant's tendency to attend to the more complex of two stimuli is the basis of the method called:
A. Preference paradigm B. Habituation
C. Conditioned head turning D. Contingency learning
Preference Paradigm: It is a research technique for studying visual discrimination in infants in which the
amount of time spent looking at different visual stimuli is measured to determine which stimulus the
infants prefer.
Habituation is a form of non-associative learning in which an innate response to a stimulus decreases after repeated
or prolonged presentations of that stimulus.
For example, a new sound in your environment, such as a new ringtone, may initially draw your attention or even
become distracting. ... This diminished response is habituation.
Conditioned head turn: A method of testing whether infants can discriminate two sounds or two categories of sound.
Infants are trained to turn their head to the location of the speaker on their left when there is a change in a repeating
train of sounds. The head turn behavior is conditioned by rewarding infants with a couple of seconds of an animated
toy for turning when the sound changes. No reward is given for turns when there is no change.
Human contingency learning is the observation that people tend to acquire knowledge based on whichever
outcome has the highest probability of occurring from particular stimuli. In other words, individuals gather
associations between a certain behavior and a specific consequence.
64. The rate of habituation is an indication of:
A. Memory B. Fundamental cognitive processes
C. Brain integrity D. All of the above
65.The difference between classical conditioning and operant conditioning is:
A. Classical conditioning is based on consequences of an event while operant conditioning is based on
repeated pairings of two events
B. Classical conditioning is based on repeated pairings of two events while operant conditioning is based on
the consequences of an event
C. Whether or not the infant likes the reward
D. Classical conditioning uses motor behavior but operant conditioning uses any behavior
Classical Conditioning: a learning process that occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired: a response
which is at first elicited by the second stimulus is eventually elicited by the first stimulus alone.
Operant conditioning is a type of associative learning process through which the strength of a behavior is
modified by reinforcement or punishment. It is also a procedure that is used to bring about such learning.
Pavlovian theory is a learning procedure that involves pairing a stimulus with a conditioned response. In the
famous experiments that Ivan Pavlov conducted with his dogs, Pavlov found that objects or events could
trigger a conditioned response. ... As he gave food to the dogs, he rang the bell.
Classical Conditioning Theory
Based on his observations, Pavlov suggested that the salivation was a learned response. The dogs were responding to
the sight of the research assistants' white lab coats, which the animals had come to associate with the presentation
of food. Unlike the salivary response to the presentation of food, which is an unconditioned reflex, salivating to the
expectation of food is a conditioned reflex.
Pavlov then focused on investigating exactly how these conditioned responses are learned or acquired. In a series of
experiments, Pavlov set out to provoke a conditioned response to a previously neutral stimulus. He opted to use food
as the unconditioned stimulus, or the stimulus that evokes a response naturally and automatically.
The sound of a metronome was chosen to be the neutral stimulus. The dogs would first be exposed to the sound of
the ticking metronome, and then the food was immediately presented.
After several conditioning trials, Pavlov noted that the dogs began to salivate after hearing the metronome. "A
stimulus which was neutral in and of itself had been superimposed upon the action of the inborn alimentary reflex,"
Pavlov wrote of the results.
"We observed that, after several repetitions of the combined stimulation, the sounds of the metronome had
acquired the property of stimulating salivary secretion." In other words, the previously neutral stimulus (the
metronome) had become what is known as a conditioned stimulus that then provoked a conditioned
response (salivation).
Operant Conditioning Learning
B.F. Skinner proposed his theory on operant conditioning by conducting various experiments on animals. He used a
special box known as “Skinner Box” for his experiment on rats. As the first step to his experiment, he placed a hungry
rat inside the Skinner box. The rat was initially inactive inside the box, but gradually as it began to adapt to the
environment of the box, it began to explore around. Eventually, the rat discovered a lever, upon pressing which; food
was released inside the box. After it filled its hunger, it started exploring the box again, and after a while it pressed
the lever for the second time as it grew hungry again. This phenomenon continued for the third, fourth and the fifth
time, and after a while, the hungry rat immediately pressed the lever once it was placed in the box. Then the
conditioning was deemed to be complete.
Here, the action of pressing the lever is an operant response/behavior, and the food released inside the chamber is
the reward. The experiment is also known as Instrumental Conditioning Learning as the response is instrumental in
getting food.
B.F. Skinner’s Second Experiment
B.F. Skinner also conducted an experiment that explained negative reinforcement. Skinner placed a rat in a chamber
in the similar manner, but instead of keeping it hungry, he subjected the chamber to an unpleasant electric current.
The rat having experienced the discomfort started to desperately move around the box and accidentally knocked the
lever. Pressing of the lever immediately seized the flow of unpleasant current. After a few times, the rat had
smartened enough to go directly to the lever in order to prevent itself from the discomfort.
The electric current reacted as the negative reinforcement, and the consequence of escaping the electric current
made sure that the rat repeated the action again and again. Here too, the pressing of the lever is an operant
response, and the complete stop of the electric current flow is its reward.
Conclusion
Both the experiment clearly explains the working of operant conditioning. The important part in any operant
conditioning learning is to recognize the operant behavior and the consequence resulted in that particular
environment.
The Theories of Learning (Behaviorism and Cognitivism)
Learning theory is a set of general statement that is used to explain about reality of learning. Every student has
different characteristic. It is important for teacher to know what kind of learning process they should use in the class.
There are so many learning theories that can be used by teacher to teach in learning process. Teacher should ponder
the learning theory critically before because using wrong learning theory will cause obstruction in learning process.
Behaviorism Learning Theory

The main focus of behaviorism learning theory depends on stimulus, response, and association between stimulus and
response. Learning process starts from association between stimulus and response, human’s behaviour alteration,
and finally learning process will happen. Implication from interaction between stimulus and response is students have
new experience to do something with the new way.
Examples and applications of behaviorist learning theory:
• Drill / Rote work
• Repetitive practice
• Bonus points (providing an incentive to do more)
• Participation points (providing an incentive to participate)
• Verbal Reinforcement (saying “good job”)
• Establishing Rules
There are some people who follow this learning theory. They are
Edward Lee Thorndike (1874- 1949)
Thorndike introduced the association or connectionism learning theory. This theory explained that a
response is going to emerge as result of stimulus exists. Afterwards, between stimulus and response will
associate to each other and finally learning process will happen. In addition, trial and error learning or
selecting and connecting learning is very important to make association between stimulus and response.
Edward Thorndike put forward a “Law of effect” which stated that any behavior that is followed by
pleasant consequences is likely to be repeated, and any behavior followed by unpleasant consequences is
likely to be stopped.
Edward Thorndike (1898) is famous in psychology for his work on learning theory that lead to the
development of operant conditioning within Behaviorism. Whereas classical conditioning depends on
developing associations between events, operant conditioning involves learning from the consequences of
our behavior.
Skinner wasn’t the first psychologist to study learning by consequences. Indeed, Skinner's theory of
operant conditioning is built on the ideas of Edward Thorndike.
Thorndike studied learning in animals (usually cats). He devised a classic experiment in which he used a
puzzle box to empirically test the laws of learning.
He placed a cat in the puzzle box, which was encourage to escape to reach a scrap of fish placed
outside. Thorndike would put a cat into the box and time how long it took to escape. The cats
experimented with different ways to escape the puzzle box and reach the fish.
Eventually they would stumble upon the lever which opened the cage. When it had escaped it was put in
again, and once more the time it took to escape was noted. In successive trials the cats would learn that
pressing the lever would have favorable consequences and they would adopt this behavior, becoming
increasingly quick at pressing the lever.
Edward Thorndike put forward a “Law of effect” which stated that any behavior that is followed by
pleasant consequences is likely to be repeated, and any behavior followed by unpleasant consequences is
likely to be stopped.
Ivan Petrovich Pavlov (1849- 1936)

According to Pavlov’s strategy (Classical Conditioning), in order to obtain conditioning response we can use
conditioning stimulus as substitute of unconditioned stimulus.
Burrhus Frederic Skinner (1904- 1990)
Skinner explained that process of operant conditioning can control the behavior so that operant behavior
can be reinforced. Reward is reinforcement, punishment is not, and reinforcement is important component
in learning.
Robert Gagne (1916- 2002)
A condition of learning is invented by Robert Gagne. Learning is started from the simple thing to the
complex thing. In practices, this learning model still depends on association between stimulus responses.
Albert Bandura (1925- )
Bandura argued that behaviour or human psychological is a continuous reciprocal between personal and
influence of environment. Moreover, one’s behaviour is influenced by environment and one’s environment
is determined by one’s behaviour but just a little. Because of it, learning theory that is introduced by
Bandura known as social learning theory. According to this theory there are factors that involve while
process of learning, they are attention, storage, motoric reproduction and motivation. Finally, through
social learning theory we can understand and alteration human’s behavior.
Cognitivism Learning Theory
Learning according to cognitive learning theory is always based on cognition. Cognition is an activity to
know or thinking about situation where behavior happened. Everyone has experience and knowledge. This
experience and knowledge are arrangement in cognitive structure.
According to this theory, learning process will work carefully if the new material can exactly and
harmoniously adapt with cognitive structure that student had have. So, knowledge construct through
interaction continuously process with environment.
Cognitive learning theories emphasize in process of making knowledge meaningful. This theories focus on
the conceptualization of students’ learning processes and how information is accepted, organized, stored,
and retrieved by the mind. Learning is not only focused on what students do but also focused on what they
know and how they come to get it.
Examples and applications of cognitive learning theory:
• Classifying or chunking information
• Linking Concepts (associate new content with something known)
• Providing Structure (organizing your lecture in efficient and
meaningful ways)
• Real world examples
• Discussions
• Problem solving
• Analogies i.e. similarities
• Imagery / providing pictures
• Mnemonics i.e. reminders
There are some people who follow this learning theory. They are
John Dewey
Learning depends on the experience and interests of the students themselves, the topic in the curriculum
should be integrated rather than separate or have no connection to one another. Learning must be active,
directly involved, focused on the students in the context of social experience. Learning requires student
involvement and teamwork in doing their jobs. Teachers as facilitators took part as a member of the group
and held discussions and review of friends. Dewey also suggested the use of media technology as a learning
tool.
Jean Piaget
According to Piaget, the observation is very important and become the basis for guiding the thinking
process of student. Observation involves all the senses, storing impressions longer and causes a sensation
that made an impression for students. Therefore, students should experience the study for themselves and
involved directly with the object that is studied. Learning must be active and social. Implication of Piaget
opinion in practice of learning is teachers should adjust the learning process with the cognitive stages of
student.
66. Severity of attachment to mother is typically measured by:
A. Separation-reunion procedure B. Observation of mother-infant play
C. Questionnaire D. All of the above
67. Infants express emotions by:
A. Crying B. Facial expressions
C. Body posture D. All of the above
68. Temperament is considered:
A. A relatively unchanging style of interacting with the environment
B. An important indicator of cognitive potential
C. A dynamic characteristic that develops over time
D. To be determined by interactions with the social environment
Temperament
In psychology, temperament broadly refers to consistent individual differences in behavior that are
biologically based and are relatively independent of learning, system of values and attitudes
69. Temperament is measured using:
A. Parent questionnaires B. Infant observation
C. Experimental procedures D. All of the above
70. In the context of education, socialization means
A. creating one's on social norms B. respecting elders in society
C. adapting and adjusting to social environment D. always following social norms
71. Learning depends on cognitive development
A. Always B. Some Times
C. Never D. In calculation
Cognitive development refers to how a person perceives, thinks, and gains understanding of his or her
world through the interaction of genetic and learned factors. Among the areas of cognitive
development are information processing, intelligence , reasoning, language development , and memory.
72. Who gives more stress to the philosophy of social constructivism?

A. Piaget B. Kohlberg
C. Vygotsky D. Dewey
Vygotsky was a Soviet psychologist, known for his work on psychological development in children.
Jean Piaget was a Swiss psychologist known for his work on child development. Piaget's theory of cognitive
development and epistemological view are together called "genetic epistemology". Piaget placed great
importance on the education of children.
Kohlberg's theory proposes that there are three levels of moral development, with each level split into two
stages.
John Dewey was an American philosopher, psychologist, and educational reformer whose ideas have been
influential in education and social reform.
John Dewey is probably most famous for his role in what is called progressive education.
Vygotsky's approach to child development is a form of social constructivism, based on the idea that
cognitive functions are the products of social interactions. Vygotsky emphasized the collaborative nature of
learning by the construction of knowledge through social negotiation.
73. Who is the father of "Theory of Multiple Intelligence"?
A. Gardner B. Vygotsky
C. Bruner D. Piaget
Theory of Multiple Intelligences
This theory suggests that traditional psychometric views of intelligence are too limited. Gardner first outlined his
theory in his 1983 book Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences, where he suggested that all people
have different kinds of "intelligences."
Gardner proposed that there are eight intelligences, and has suggested the possible addition of a ninth known as
"existentialist intelligence."1
In order to capture the full range of abilities and talents that people possess, Gardner theorizes that people do not
have just an intellectual capacity, but have many kinds of intelligence, including musical, interpersonal, spatial-visual,
and linguistic intelligences.
Visual-Spatial Intelligence
People who are strong in visual-spatial intelligence are good at visualizing things. These individuals are often good
with directions as well as maps, charts, videos, and pictures
Linguistic-Verbal Intelligence
People who are strong in linguistic-verbal intelligence are able to use words well, both when writing and speaking.
These individuals are typically very good at writing stories, memorizing information, and reading.
Logical-Mathematical Intelligence
People who are strong in logical-mathematical intelligence are good at reasoning, recognizing patterns, and logically
analyzing problems. These individuals tend to think conceptually about numbers, relationships, and patterns
Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence
Those who have high bodily-kinesthetic intelligence are said to be good at body movement, performing actions, and
physical control. People who are strong in this area tend to have excellent hand-eye coordination and dexterity
Musical Intelligence
People who have strong musical intelligence are good at thinking in patterns, rhythms, and sounds. They have a
strong appreciation for music and are often good at musical composition and performance.
Interpersonal Intelligence
Those who have strong interpersonal intelligence are good at understanding and interacting with other people. These
individuals are skilled at assessing the emotions, motivations, desires, and intentions of those around them
Intrapersonal Intelligence
Individuals who are strong in intrapersonal intelligence are good at being aware of their own emotional states,
feelings, and motivations. They tend to enjoy self-reflection and analysis, including daydreaming, exploring
relationships with others, and assessing their personal strengths.
Naturalistic Intelligence
Naturalistic is the most recent addition to Gardner’s theory and has been met with more resistance than his original
seven intelligences. According to Gardner, individuals who are high in this type of intelligence are more in tune with
nature and are often interested in nurturing, exploring the environment, and learning about other species. These
individuals are said to be highly aware of even subtle changes to their environments.
74. Single factor theory of intelligence was given by _________

A. Alfred Binet B. Thorndike
C. Freeman D. None of them
Binet's theory of intelligence was rather simple as it arose from his interest in differentiating
more intelligent from less intelligent individuals. He conceptualised intelligence as consisting of one similar
set of abilities which can be used for solving any or every problem in an individual's environment
75. Which indicates the change in the quality or character of a child?
A. Growth B. Development
C. Learning D. Environment
Psychological development, the development of human beings' cognitive, emotional, intellectual, and
social capabilities and functioning over the course of a normal life span, from infancy through old age. It is
the subject matter of the discipline known as developmental psychology.
Learning is the acquisition of knowledge or skills through study, experience, or being taught. It is also the
result of personal experiences.
Growth is the physical process of development, particularly the process of becoming physically larger
76. Which of the following statement is not appropriate to motivation as a process
A. It causes a person to move towards a goal B. It satisfies the person's psychological needs
C. It helps in achieving a psychological ambition D. It keeps you away from an unpleasant
situation
77. A child writes with his / her left hand and is comfortable doing things with it, she / he should be -
A. Discouraged B. Made to write with the right hand
C. Allow his preference D. Send to seek medical help
78. Which of the following is NOT a sign of 'being gifted'?
A. Curiosity B. Creativity
C. Poor relationship with peers D. Interest in extra reading
79. The best place of social development for a 12 years old child is _______
A. Neighborhood B. Family
C. Playground D. School
80. IQ scores are generally ________ correlated with academic performance.
A. Least B. Perfectly
C. Highly D. Moderately
81. Gifted students are
A. non-assertive of their needs B. independent in their judgments
C. independent of teachers D. introvert in nature
82. _________ is the capacity to acquire and apply knowledge.
A. Personality B. Intelligence
C. Aptitude D. Attitude
Intelligence is the ability to think, to learn from experience, to solve problems, and to adapt to new
situations
In psychology, an attitude refers to a set of emotions, beliefs, and behaviors toward a particular object,
person, thing, or event.
Aptitude is a natural ability to do something.
Personality is the combination of characteristics or qualities that form an individual's distinctive character.
83. How a "Teacher" should behave with the students?
A. Father Like B. Friend Like
C. General D. Elder Like
84. Who is regarded as the first teacher of a child?
A. Headmaster B. Class Teacher
C. Mother D. Tutor
85. The raw material of thinking is
A. Symbols B. Semantics
C. Man D. Child
Semantics the branch of linguistics and logic concerned with meaning
86. ___________ Is the ratio of mental age to the chronological age multiplied by 100.
A. Emotional quotient B. Intelligence quotient or I.Q
C. Both D. None of these
An intelligence quotient is a total score derived from a set of standardized tests or subtests designed to
assess human intelligence.
87. What is meant by Schema?
A. Defense mechanisms B. Learning techniques
C. Organized packets of information stored in long-term memory D. None of the above
88. How many stages of cognitive development recommended by Piaget?
A. Seven Stages B. Six Stages
C. Four Stages D. Two Stages
Jean Piaget was a Swiss developmental psychologist who studied children in the early 20th century.
His theory of intellectual or cognitive development, published in 1936, is still used today in some branches
of education and psychology. It focuses on children, from birth through adolescence, and characterizes
different stages of development, including:
Piaget’s four stages
Piaget’s stages are age-specific and marked by important characteristics of thought processes. They also
include goals children should achieve as they move through a given stage.
Stage Age Characteristics Goal
Motor activity without use of symbols. All things

learned are based on experiences, or trial and error.
Birth to 18–24 Object
Sensorimotor Out of side out of mind, learn about the world by
months old permanence
using their senses to interact with their
surroundings
Development of language, memory, and

2 to 7 years imagination. Intelligence is both egocentric and Symbolic
Preoperational
old intuitive. Begin to think about the things thought
symbolically
More logical and systematic manipulation of

Concrete 7 to 11 years Operational
symbols. Less egocentric, and more aware of the
operational old thought
outside world and events.
Use of symbols to relate to abstract concepts. Able

Formal Adolescence Abstract
to make hypotheses and grasp abstract concepts
operational to adulthood concepts
and relationships.
Object permanence is the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen,
heard, or otherwise sensed. This is a fundamental concept studied in the field of developmental
psychology, the subfield of psychology that addresses the development of young children's social and
mental capacities.
Symbolic thought refers to the use of symbols (e.g., words and images) and mental representations of
objects or events to represent the world, at this stage children start to think about the things symbolically.
89. The ability to solve problems to adjust in the new environment is the definition of:
A. Personality B. Behavior
C. Intelligence D. All of these
90. The founder of behavioursim is:
A. Maslow Plato
B. Aristotle J.B Watson
Watson's behaviorist theory focused not on the internal emotional and psychological conditions of people,
but rather on their external and outward behaviors. He believed that a person's physical responses
provided the only insight into internal actions.
91. Concrete operation occurs at the age of:
A. 3-5 years B. 4-6 years
C. 7-12 years D. 6-12 years
92. Child development study is useful for:
A. Teachers B. Parents
C. Administrators D. Examiners
93. The method in which keen study of any event or behavior is made is:
A. Observation method B. Experimental method
C. Development method D. Psycho Physical method
94. Study of behavior under controlled conditions is called:
95. Growth of children is studied in:
96. Sensory disabilities are studied in:
Psychophysical methods are psychological investigative techniques that study the relations of stimuli to
the sensations and perceptions that they produce.
A sensory disability is a disability of the senses (e.g. sight, hearing, smell, touch, taste). As 95% of the
information about the world around us comes from our sight and hearing, a sensory disability can affect
how a person gathers information from the world around them.
97. Which is not the heredity factor?
A. Colour B. Height
C. Diet D. Eye Colour
98. Which is not the environmental factor?
A. Diet B. Water
C. Height D. Light
99. Cognitive development deals with:
A. Body B. Mind
C. Society D. Emotion
100. Child describes him unsystematically in:
A. Sensory motor stage B. Pre operational stage
C. Concrete operational stage D. Formal operational stage
101. Child starts thinking logically in:
A. Sensory motor stage B. Pre operational stage
C.Concerete operational stage D. Formal operational stage
102. Whose role is important in moral development?
Parents Teachers
Peers All of the above
103. Emotional development is effected by:
Fear Quarrelling parents
Restrictions All above
104. Permanent change in behavior as a result of experience is:
Learning Education
Experience Innovation
105. According to behaviorism, which one is important for change in behavior?
Inheritances Environment
Attitude None of the above
106. Stimulus is necessary for response in:
Classical conditioning Operant conditioning
Both A and B None of A and B
107. Operant conditioning was presented by:
Pavlov Skinner
Watson Throndike
108. Change in behavior is due to reinforcement in:
Classical conditioning Operant conditioning
Both A & B None of A & B
109. Concept of meaningful learning through perception was presented by:
David Ausubul J.S Bruner
Pavlov Skinner
Ausubel believed that understanding concepts, principles, and ideas are achieved through deductive
reasoning. ... This led Ausubel to develop an interesting theory of meaningful learning and advance
organizers. Learning theory. Ausubel believes that learning of new knowledge relies on what is already
known.
110. Concept of meaningful learning through structure of content and discovery was presented by:
Pavlov Skinner
Bruner (1961) proposes that learners construct their own knowledge and do this by organizing and
categorizing information using a coding system. Bruner believed that the most effective way to develop a
coding system is to discover it rather than being told by the teacher.
111. The founder of humanistic approach was:
Pavlov Maslow
Abraham Maslow’s Humanism
As a leader of humanistic psychology, Abraham Maslow approached the study of personality psychology by
focusing on subjective experiences and free will. He was mainly concerned with an individual’s innate drive
toward self-actualization—a state of fulfillment in which a person is achieving at his or her highest level of
capability.
Maslow believed that successful fulfillment of each layer of needs was vital in the development of
personality. The highest need for self-actualization represents the achievement of our fullest potential, and
those individuals who finally achieved self-actualization were said to represent optimal psychological health
and functioning. Maslow stretched the field of psychological study to include fully-functional individuals
instead of only those with psychoses, and he shed a more positive light on personality psychology.
The needs are: physiological (food and clothing), safety (job security), love and belonging needs
(friendship), esteem, and self-actualization.
Self Actualization means the realization or fulfillment of one's talents and potentialities, especially
considered as a drive or need present in everyone.
112. According to humanistic approach, the nature of man is:
Good Creative
Capable of healthy growth All of above
According to Maslow, we have five categories of needs: physiological, safety, love, esteem, and
self-actualization.
In this theory, higher needs in the hierarchy begin to emerge when people feel they have
sufficiently satisfied the previous need.
The humanistic approach emphasizes the personal worth of the individual, the centrality of human values,
and the creative active nature of human beings. The approach is optimistic and focuses on the
noble human capacity to overcome hardship, pain and despair.
Self-actualization, in Maslow's hierarchy of needs, is the highest level of psychological development, where
personal potential is fully realized after basic bodily and ego needs have been fulfilled
113. The I.Q of average child is:
Below 90 90-100
110-120 120-140
114. Child forgets the things out of sight in:
Sensory motor stage Pre operational stage
Concrete operational stage Formal operational stage
The sensorimotor stage is the first stage of your child's life, according to Jean Piaget's theory of child
development. It begins at birth and lasts through age 2. During this period, your little one learns about the
world by using their senses to interact with their surroundings.
115. The I.Q of mentally retarded child is:
Below 90 90-100
110-120 120-140
116. Which type of growth of child is important?
Physical Mental
Moral All of above
117. Who says, “Man is a conscious animal”?
Sigmund Freud J.B Watson
William Wundt and William James None
118. Cognitive development means:
Social development Mental development
Moral development Emotional development
119. In cognitive domain, infancy is the stage of:
120. In cognitive domain, early childhood is:
121. In cognitive domain, late childhood is:
122. In cognitive domain, adolescence is the beginning of:
123. The characteristic of Sensory motor stage is:
Evidence of thinking ability Curiosity to know environment
Ability of differentiating things All of the above
124. Guidance education started in:
1900 1905
1910 1920
125. Who is considered to be the father of guidance?
Frank Parsons Kelley
Crow and Crow Skinner
Frank Parsons developed the idea of matching careers to talents, skills and personality. Frank Parsons is
regarded as the founder of the vocational guidance movement. He developed the talent-matching
approach, which was later developed into the Trait and Factor Theory of Occupational Choice.
126. First intelligence test was developed in:
1900 1905
1910 1920
127. First intelligence tests were also called Binet_________ tests?
Terman Throndike
Simon Jones
The first modern intelligence test in IQ history was developed in 1904, by Alfred Binet (1857-1911) and
Theodore Simon (1873-1961). The French Ministry of Education asked these researchers to develop
a test that would allow for distinguishing mentally retarded children from normally intelligent, but lazy
children.
128. Face to face relationship in which one tries to solve the problem of others is:
Guidance Counseling
Both A and B None of A and B
Guidance refers to an advice or a relevant piece of information provided by a superior, to resolve a problem
or overcome from difficulty.
Counseling refers to a professional advice given by a counselor to an individual to help him in overcoming
from personal or psychological problems.
129. Psychoanalysis a school of thought in psychology was introduced by:
Jung Freud
Wundt Watson
Psychoanalysis is a set of theories and techniques used to study the unconscious mind, which together form
a method of treatment for mental disorders. The discipline was established in the early 1890s by Austrian
neurologist Sigmund Freud, who retained the term psychoanalysis for his own school of thought
130. The IQ of a gifted child is:
110 to 120 120 to 130
130 to 139 140 and above
131. Cognitive learning theory is known as;
Connectionism theory Social learning theory
Information processing theory Association theory
Cognitive learning theory explains how internal and external factors influence an individual's mental
processes to supplement learning. Delays and difficulties in learning are seen when cognitive processes are
not working regularly
132. Laws of learning were founded by:
Throndike Skinner
Watson Pavlov
Edward Thorndike developed the first three "Laws of learning:" Readiness, Exercise and effect.
Law of effect which means that any behavior that is followed by pleasant consequences is likely to be
repeated, and any behavior followed by unpleasant consequences is likely to be avoided.
Law of readiness: A law which states that learning is dependent upon the learner's readiness to act, which
facilitates the strengthening of the bond between stimulus and response
The law of exercise stated that behavior is more strongly established through frequent connections of
stimulus and response.
133. The founder of intelligence tests was:
Throndike Skinner
Binet Pavlov
The first modern intelligence test in IQ history was developed in 1905, by Alfred Binet (1857-1911) and
Theodore Simon (1873-1961). The French Ministry of Education asked these researchers to develop
a test that would allow for distinguishing mentally retarded children from normally intelligent, but lazy
children.
134. The name of the psychologist who said that most of fears of human beings are conditionally learned:
Throndike Watson
Binet Pavlov
Watson believed that phobias and behaviors are learned through the process of conditioning. He wanted to
prove that all behavior was a result of a stimulus –response relationship. As a result, he developed
behaviorism, which says if you put people in the right environment you could train them to be or do
anything you want.
135. Laws of learning associated with reinforcement in operant conditioning is:
Law of readiness Law of effect
Law of exercise All of the above
136. Interests, attitudes, appreciation, skills and achievements are primarily the product of:
Learning Growth
Development Process
Psychologists often define learning as a relatively permanent change in behavior as a result of experience.
Learning is the process of acquiring new understanding, knowledge, behaviors, skills, values, attitudes, and
preferences. The ability to learn is possessed by humans, animals, and some machines; there is also
evidence for some kind of learning in certain plants.
Growth is the physical process of development, particularly the process of becoming physically larger. It is
quantifiable, meaning that it can be measured, and it is mostly influenced by genetics.
The development of human beings is cognitive, emotional, intellectual, and social capabilities and
functioning over the course of a normal life span, from infancy through old age.
137. The ability to think in novel and unusual way is called:
Positive thinking Problem solving
Intelligence Creativity
138. Which is basic or born emotion?
Surprise Withdrawal
Fear Fighting
Humans are born with two fears, the fear of falling and the fear of loud noises. Most fears are learned fears.
139. In Hierarchy of needs, which one is the last stage:
Self Actualization Esteem
Love Safety
As a leader of humanistic psychology, Abraham Maslow approached the study of personality by focusing on
subjective experiences, free will, and the innate drive toward self-actualization . ... Maslow's hierarchy of
needs ranks human needs from the most basic physical needs to the most advanced needs of self-
actualization.
140. The pioneer of identifying individual differences was:
Asubel Francis Galton
Watson Skinner
Galton was one of the first experimental psychologists, and the founder of the field of enquiry now called
Differential Psychology, which concerns itself with psychological differences between people, rather than
on common traits.
141. The learning method that is associated with the observing of behavior of others is called:
Learning by trial and error Learning by imitation
Learning by insight Learning by conditioning
142. Which is the basic born emotion?
Love Surprise
Withdrawal Fighting
143. Who was the first psychologist?
William james Aristotle
J.B Watson Plato
144. Founder of socio psychological development was:
Piaget Erickson
Skinner Vygotsky
Erikson maintained that personality develops in a predetermined order through eight stages of psychosocial
development, from infancy to adulthood. During each stage, the person experiences a psychosocial crisis
which could have a positive or negative outcome for personality development.
145. Which is not a type of memory?
Sensory memory Long term memory
Short term memory Strong memory
Sensory Memory: During every moment of an organism's life, sensory information is being taken in by
sensory receptors and processed by the nervous system. Sensory information is stored in sensory memory
just long enough to be transferred to short-term memory. Humans have five traditional senses: sight,
hearing, taste, smell, touch.
146. Perception and attention play major role in:
Sensory memory Long term memory
Short term memory Strong memory
Perception is the ability to see, hear, or become aware of something through the senses.
147. Logical thinking according to Jean Piaget starts at the stage of:
Sensory Motor stage Pre operational stage
Concrete operational stage Formal operation stage
148. Experiments on learning by insight were performed by:
Kohler Throndike
A and B None of the above
Kohler Learning by Insight Theory:

In the 1920s, German psychologist Wolfgang Kohler was studying the behavior of apes. He designed some
simple experiments that led to the development of one of the first cognitive theories of learning, which he
called insight learning.
In this experiment, Kohler hung a piece of fruit just out of reach of each chimp. He then provided the
chimps with either two sticks or three boxes, then waited and watched. Kohler noticed that after the
chimps realized they could not simply reach or jump up to retrieve the fruit, they stopped, had a seat, and
thought about how they might solve the problem. Then after a few moments, the chimps stood up and
proceeded to solve the problem.
In the first scenario, the problem was solved by placing the smaller sticks into the longer stick to create one
very long stick that could be used to knock down the hanging fruit. In the second scenario, the chimps
would solve the problem by stacking the boxes on top of each other, which allowed them to climb up to the
top of the stack of boxes and reach the fruit.
Learning occurs in a variety of ways. Sometimes it is the result of direct observation; other times, it is the
result of experience through personal interactions with the environment. Kohler called this newly observed
type of learning insight learning. Based on these observations, Kohler's theory of insight learning became an
early argument for the involvement of cognition, or thinking, in the process of learning.
149. Theory of Self-actualization was presented by:
Gordon Maslow
Both A and B None of the above
Maslow’s Humanistic Approach is also called the theory of self-actualization.
150.Semantic memory is:
Memory for meanings and common knowledge Memory for personal experience
Memory for motor skills Memory tied to place
Semantic memory refers to a portion of long-term memory that processes ideas and concepts that are not
drawn from personal experience. Semantic memory includes things that are common knowledge, such as
the names of colors, the sounds of letters, the capitals of countries and other basic facts acquired over a
lifetime.
151.Which school of thought Sigmund Freud belong to?
Humanistic Psycho Analysis
Structuralism Behaviourism
Major Schools of Thought in Psychology
When psychology first emerged as a science separate from biology and philosophy, the debate over how to
describe and explain the human mind and behavior began. The different schools of psychology represent
the major theories within psychology.
Structuralism is widely regarded as the first school of thought in psychology. This outlook focused on
breaking down mental processes into the most basic components. Major thinkers associated with
structuralism include Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Titchener. The focus of structuralism was on reducing
mental processes down into their most basic elements. The structuralists used techniques such
as introspection to analyze the inner processes of the human mind.
Functionalism formed as a reaction to the theories of the structuralist school of thought and was heavily
influenced by the work of William James. It functioned on the mind's functions and adaptations. Unlike
some of the other well-known schools of thought in psychology, functionalism is not associated with a
single dominant theorist. Instead, there are some different functionalist thinkers associated with this
outlook including John Dewey, James Rowland Angell, and Harvey Carr.
Gestalt psychology is a school of psychology based upon the idea that we experience things as unified
wholes. This approach to psychology began in Germany and Austria during the late 19th century in
response to the molecular approach of structuralism. Instead of breaking down thoughts and behavior to
their smallest elements, the gestalt psychologists believed that you must look at the whole of
experience. According to the Gestalt thinkers, the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.
The Behaviorist School of Thought in Psychology: Behaviorism became a dominant school of thought
during the 1950s. It was based upon the work of thinkers such as:
 John B. Watson
 Ivan Pavlov
 B. F. Skinner
Behaviorism suggests that all behavior can be explained by environmental causes rather than by internal
forces. Behaviorism is focused on observable behavior. Theories of learning including classical
conditioning and operant conditioning were the focus of a great deal of research.
The behavioral school of psychology had a significant influence on the course of psychology, and many of
the ideas and techniques that emerged from this school of thought are still widely used today. Behavioral
training, token economies, aversion therapy, and other techniques are frequently used in psychotherapy
and behavior modification programs.
The Psychoanalytic School of Thought: Psychoanalysis is a school of psychology founded by Sigmund

Freud. This school of thought emphasized the influence of the unconscious mind on behavior. Freud's
school of thought was enormously influential, but also generated considerable debate. This controversy
existed not only in his time but also in modern discussions of Freud's theories.
The Humanistic School of Thought: Humanistic psychology developed as a response to psychoanalysis and
behaviorism. Humanistic psychology instead focused on individual free will, personal growth and the
concept of self-actualization. While early schools of thought were primarily centered on abnormal human
behavior, humanistic psychology differed considerably in its emphasis on helping people achieve and
fulfill their potential. Major humanist thinkers include: Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers
Cognitive School of Psychology: Cognitive psychology is the school of psychology that studies mental
processes including how people think, perceive, remember and learn. As part of the larger field of
cognitive science, this branch of psychology is related to other disciplines including neuroscience,
philosophy, and linguistics. Cognitive psychology began to emerge during the 1950s, partly as a response
to behaviorism. Critics of behaviorism noted that it failed to account for how internal processes impacted
behavior. This period is sometimes referred to as the "cognitive revolution" as a wealth of research on
topics such as information processing, language, memory, and perception that began to emerge.
One of the most influential theories of this school of thought was the stages of cognitive
development theory proposed by Jean Piaget.
152.Trial and error theory was presented by:

Pavlov Throndike
Skinner Burner
Trial and Error is a method of learning in which various responses are tentatively tried and some discarded
until a solution is attained. E.L. Thorndike (1874-1949) was the chief exponent of the theory of
connectionism or trial and error.
153.Projective techniques are used to measure:
Achievement Aptitude
Personality Intelligence
Projective techniques are a subset of personality testing in which the examinee is given a simple
unstructured task, with a goal of uncovering personality characteristics. Projective techniques are often the
most recognizable yet the most psychometrically controversial psychological testing technique.
154.According to Maslow, most important needs are:
Self esteem needs Safety needs
Psychological needs Belonging needs
155.Education psychology is the branch of:
Pure psychology Applied psychology
Advanced psychology Practical psychology
Applied psychology is the use of psychological methods and findings of scientific psychology to solve
practical problems of human and animal behavior and experience.
156.WAIS is the intelligence test for:
Early childhood students Primary school students
High school students Both A and B
The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an IQ test designed to measure intelligence and cognitive
ability in adults and older adolescents. It is currently in its fourth edition (WAIS-IV) released in 2008 by
Pearson, and is the most widely used IQ test, for both adults and older adolescents, in the world.
157.The immediate awareness of any object is:
Adjustment Consciousness
Behaviour Creativity
158.Punishment is an example of:
Learning Positive motivation
Intrinsic motivation Extrinsic motivation
Intrinsic motivation comes from within, while extrinsic motivation arises from outside. When
you're intrinsically motivated, you engage in an activity solely because you enjoy it and get personal
satisfaction from it. When you're extrinsically motivated, you do something in order to gain an external
reward.
159.Area of classroom where the greatest amount of interaction takes place is called:
Content area Passive area
Zone of proximal development Action zone
The zone of proximal development (ZPD) is the range of abilities that an individual can perform with
assistance but cannot yet perform independently. These skills are called "proximal" because the individual
is close to mastering them but needs more guidance and practice in order to perform these actions
independently.
According to Vygotsky, The zone of proximal development is: "The distance between the actual
development level as determined by independent problem solving and the level of potential
development as determined through problem-solving under adult guidance or in collaboration with more
capable peers." (Vygotsky, 1935)
160.An individual perceives the things as a whole and not as a mere collection of its constituents is;
Gestalt psychology Transpersonal psychology
Psycho analysis Cognitive psychology
Gestalt psychology, school of psychology founded in the 20th century that provided the foundation for the
modern study of perception. Gestalt theory emphasizes that the whole of anything is greater than its parts.
161.Human behaviour includes conscious, sub-conscious and un conscious by school of thought called as:
162.What we think and how we feel in our altered states of awareness is the subject area of:
You could see transpersonal psychology as an attempt to understand the different states of
consciousness—and the different views of reality—which were revealed through this experimentation.
163.The tendency to view one’s own group as superior to others and as the standard for judging the worth
of foreign ways is known as:
Behaviorism Ethnocentrisms
Humanism Functionalism
Ethnocentrism is the term anthropologists use to describe the opinion that one's own way of life is natural
or correct. Some would simply call it cultural ignorance.
164.Educational Psychology is branch of Psychology. Psychology is a science. Who is the father of
experimental Psychology?
Boring Hull
Wundt Tolman.
165.Which method has made educational psychology a science?
Observation method Clinical method
Survey method Experimental method.
166.The oldest method in psychology is
Introspection Observation
Case study. Clinical method.
Introspection is the examination of one's own conscious thoughts and feelings. In psychology, the process
of introspection relies on the observation of one's mental state, while in a spiritual context it may refer to
the examination of one's soul
167.Introspection as a method stands rejected by
Functional school. Behaviorists.
Psychoanalysts. Gesralt.
168.Name the method which deals with only one person at a time and promotes his adjustment
Case study. Questionnaire.
Clinical method. Experimental method.
169.Educational psychology is concerned with
The learner. The learning process.
The learning situation. All of these.
170.The content of educational psychology includes
Special items concerning teaching and learning.
Wide ranging items concerning human motivation and learning.
Special items concerning processes of education in particular.
171.The primary task of the teacher is
To teach the prescribed curriculum. To stimulate and guide student learning.
To promote habits of conformity to adults demands and expectations.
To provide diagnostic and remedial aid wherever indicated.
172.Which of the following teacher traits and procedures is most often given by children as the reasons for
not liking the teacher?
Irritable and bad temperament Ignorance of the subject matter
Unfairness and favoritism. Unreasonable demands on the children.
173.The first book of .psychology was written by
Kohler. William James,
Clark Hull. Plato.
175.The first book on Psychology titled “Principal Psychology” was published in
1879. 1895.
1890. 1905.
176.Which of the following is the most important factor underlying the success of beginning teacher?
His personality and ability to relate to the class His attitudes and outlook on life
His verbal facility and organizational ability His scholarship and intellectual ability.
177.The teacher’s major contribution towards the maximum self realization of the child is best effected
through
Constant fulfillment of the child’s needs. Strict control of class-room activities.
Sensitivity pupil needs goals and purposes. Strict reinforcement of academic standards.
178.The basic characteristic of the experimental method in education is
Its isolation from the influence of one after the other factors inherent in total situation.
Its centre of relevant extraneous factors. Its complete analysis.
The applicability of its outcome to relatively unlimited population.
179.Experimental method has many designs such as
(a) Single group. (b) Control group,
(c) Rotation group, (d) All of these.
180.Which is ‘Why’ age?
(a) Early childhood (b) Late childhood
(c) Puberty (d) Late adolescence.
181.Changes in behaviour remit from
(a) Learning alone. (b) Maturation alone.
(c) Learning and maturation, both in important amounts.
(d) Maturation primarily.
182.Emotions rise abruptly but die
(a) Suddenly (b) Slowly,
(c) Quickly (d) Never
183.Which is the age in which a child laughs less and smiles more i.e. he has learnt to control his emotions?
(a) Babyhood (b) Early Childhood
(c) Later Childhood (d) Adolescence.
184.The period of heightened emotionality, delight and depression, formulation of moods and sentiments
is known as
(a) Old age. (b) Early childhood,
(c) Babyhood. (d) Adolescence
185.A teacher confronted with frequent emotional outbursts on the part of pupil should
(a) Consider the suitability of demands made upon them.
(b) Allow them to release tensions in this way.
(c) Let them express this outside the class.
186.If children are exposed to frequent rejection, punishment, teasing and over solicitude by parents,
usually it leads to
(a) Inferiority feelings. (b) Mental retardation.
(c) Suicide. (d) Brain disorders.
187.In children, the frustration motive is primarily caused by
(a) Environmental obstacles. (b) Parental sanctions.
(c) Encouragements. (d) Sibling rivalry.
188.The term problem children is generally used to describe children who
(a) Have a low general intelligence. (b) Are specifically backward in one subject.
(c) Have a physical defect. (d) Are maladjusted.
189.The view that “Emotionality is by and large inherited” is
(a) Realistic. (b) Unrealistic.
© Acceptable (d) None of the above
190.Which is not true about the development of behaviour?
(a) It proceeds from generalized mass activity to specific responses
(b) It is a gradual and a continuous process.
(c) It varies from child to child and the sequence is not uniform
(d) It proceeds in a cephalo-caudal and proximo-distal direction.
191. Creativity increases with
(a) Age. (b) Education,
(c) Practice. (d) Experience.
192. Creativity among poor children is always
(a) Improved. (b) Cultivated
(c) Dead. (d) Unaffected.
193. Which of the following most influences the classroom behaviour of the child?
(a) The teacher (b) The peers
(c) The social groups in the class (d) The monitor of the class.
194. Emotional reactions of an infant are determined by
(a) The kind of self-concept he has.
(b) What he imitates from the people in his environment.
(c) What frustrates him in his environment.
(d) The treatment given to him by the parents.
195. “Achieving new and more mature relations with age-mates of both sexes” is the developmental task
belonging to the period of
(a) Early childhood. (b) Late childhood.
(c) Adolescence. (d) Adulthood.
196. What is absurd about the misbehaving child?
(a) He is a born trouble-maker trying to be wicked
(b) He is one who has not, yet, found socially acceptable solutions to some of his major problems
(c) He is one who is trying to satisfy some of his needs but is not going about it in the right way
(d) He is one who is maladjusted in some way.
197. For dealing with the gifted child which is the most realistic and practicable approach
(a) Enrichment alone. (b) Acceleration alone.
(c) Segregation. (d) A combination of all these.
198. Which is a more adequate definition of the exceptional child?
(a) He is intellectually very superior (b) He is emotionally undeveloped
(c) He is socially much different from others
(d) He is one who deviates from the normal child in Mental, physical and social characteristics to such
an extent that he requires a modification of school practices.
199. A gifted child is never defined as one
(a) Whose I.Q. is 140 or above.
(b) Whose performance is consistently remarkable in music, art, social leadership, and other forms of
expression?
(c) Whose ability is within the range of the upper two per cent to three per cent of the population?
(d) Who is extremely different from others of his age?
200. Lack of confidence and emotional in security is caused by
(a) Over affection. (b) Under affection.
(c) Rejection. (d) Ill treatment.
Emotional security is the measure of the stability of an individual's emotional state. A person whose
general happiness is not very shaken even by major disturbances in the pattern or fabric of their life might
be said to be extremely emotionally secure.
201. Both types and traits theories of personality focus on people’s characteristics which are
(a) Attitudinal. (b) Motivational,
(c) Emotional. (d) Personal.
202. Who constructed the personality structure: Id, Ego, and Supergo?
(a) Eysenck (b) Freud
(c) Crystal (d) Krebs.
Freud's Structure of Personality
Let's talk about the id, the ego and the superego, the three parts of the structure of personality and a
theory that was developed by Sigmund Freud. He's probably someone you've heard of; he's a pretty famous
psychologist from the late 19th early 20th centuries. While his theory of personalities is outdated, it was
monumental in influencing how we think about personality today.
The Id So first let's start with the id. This is an unconscious part of your personality. It is basically the
childish and impulsive part of you that just does what it wants, and it wants things really intensely and
doesn't really think about the consequences. Freud describes this as operating on a pleasure principle,
which essentially means what it sounds like, which is that it's always seeking to try to increase pleasure and
decrease pain.
Ego: Dealing With Reality. The ego deals with reality, trying to meet the desires of the id in a way that is
socially acceptable in the world. This may mean delaying gratification and helping to get rid of the tension
the id feels if a desire is not met right away. The ego recognizes that other people have needs and wants
too, and being selfish isn't good in the long run.
Superego: Adding Morals The superego develops last, and is based on morals and judgments about right
and wrong. Even though the superego and the ego may reach the same decision about something, the
superego's reason for that decision is based more on moral values, while the ego's decision is based more
on what others will think or what the consequences of an action could be on the individual.
203. According to Freud, the Id operates according to what French called the
(a) Pleasure principle. (b) Stimulated principle.
(c) Psychoanalytical principle. (d) Methodological principle.
204. The determinants of personality are
(a) Social (b) Cultural
(c) Biological (d) All of these.
205. Who was the first psychologist to make the personality inventory?
(a) Freeman (b) F. Galton
(c) Frankman (d) Tolman.
206. Ability includes:
(a) Achievement. (b) Aptitude
(c) Observations. (d) Both a and b.
207. The study of the characteristics of one person has been called the
(a) General approach. (b) Idiographic approach.
(c) Nomothetic approach. (d) Monologus approach.
Psychologists advocating idiographic approach believe that individual shape his personality through
learning. Hence idiographic approach to study of personality is associated with social learning that that
propose explanation as how personality and human behaviour forms.
The term “nomothetic” comes from the Greek word “nomos” meaning “law”. Psychologists who adopt
this approach are mainly concerned with studying what we share with others (i.e. similarities between
people). Therefore, the nomothetic approach involves establishing laws or generalizations that apply to all
people.
An internal monologue, also called self-talk, inner speech, inner discourse or internal discourse ... In
a theory of child development formulated by Lev Vygotsky, Negative self-talk has been implicated in
contributing to psychological disorders including depression, anxiety, and bulimia nervosa.
208. The Army Alpha and Army Beta tests were devised during
(a) World War II. (b) World War I.
(c) 1950-60. (d) 1990-200.
Intelligence Testing Background
As the United States entered into World War I, they were faced with trying to develop a competent and
efficient army out of draftees who were often uneducated. Army Alpha and Army Beta testing emerged in
an effort to gauge the abilities of individual soldiers by measuring their intelligence. This testing was
developed by psychologist Robert Yerkes, with the help of several colleagues.
Alpha and Beta Tests With a staff of 40 psychologists, Yerkes was able to develop two different tests for
intelligence. The first test, the Alpha, was a written test made up of true/false and multiple-choice
questions that assessed things like the ability to follow directions, arithmetic, and analogies. The Army
Alpha test was distributed to determine whether draftees could read English, but also to evaluate soldiers
so that they could be assigned to tasks or training in alignment with their abilities.
The Army Beta test was developed for those men with limited literacy who were unable to respond to the
written test. The instructions for the test were provided using pictures and other symbols, and it tested
using things like mazes, identification of patterns, and picture completion.
Psychologists aimed to make the tests fairly comparable. Soldiers were given a letter grade and those who
received the lowest grade were deemed unfit for service. The men who received a letter grade higher were
given simple duties. The men who received scores in the middle of the distribution performed regular
soldier duties. Those with higher scores were trained as officers.
209. A pigeon is trained to peck at green light. Now it pecks at all lighted spots. It is a case of
(a) Stimulus generalization. (b) Response generalization.
(c) Generalization gradient. (d) Discrimination.
210. Operant conditioning is also called
(a) Instrumental conditioning. (b) Avoidance conditioning.
(c) Classical conditioning. (d) Simple conditioning.
In instrumental conditioning, reinforcement or punishment are used to either increase or decrease the
probability that a behavior will occur again in the future.
211. The term classical means
(a) In the established manner. (b) Planned manner.
(c) Well planned. (d) Without planning.
212. Greeks studied psychology as a branch of
(a) Theology. (b) Philosophy,
(c) Biology. (d) Religion.
213. Psychology began to be studied as a science in Germany in the year
(a) 1890. (b) 1820.
(c) 1879. (d) 1839.
214. Who established the first Psychological Laboratory?
(a) Galton (b) Kurt Lewin
(c) Wundt (d) Watson.
215. Psychology is the science of
(a) Human being. (b) Animal’s behaviour.
(c) behavior (d) Attitude.
216. The child becomes socialized
(a) Fast. (b) Gradually,
(c) Never. (d) After ego.
217. What is the determinant of the scope of socialization of a child?
(a) Environment (b) Excitement
(c) Development of physique (d) Language development.
218. The socialization of an individual also depends on the manner in which he perceives
(a) Objective qualities. (b) Situation.
(c) Attitude. (d) Variables.
219. The Wechsler Adult Intelligence scale consists of
(a) Only verbal items. (b) Only nonverbal items.
(c) Both verbal and nonverbal items. (d) Neither verbal nor nonverbal items.
220. The Stanford-Binet and the Wechsler scales are
(a) Both individual tests. (b) Both group tests.
(c) Stanford-Binet is group test, (d) Wechsler scale is group test.
221. An intelligence test that predicts how well you will do in college is an
(a) Adjustment test. (b) Anxiety test,
(c) Aptitude test. (d) Achievement test.
222. The need of group tests started with
(a) World War I. (b) World War II.
(c) India Pakistan War. (d) India China War.
223. The age level at which the child cannot pass any of the items of particular subtest is called
(a) Basal age. (b) Specific age.
(c) Ceiling age. (d) Mental age.
Ceiling Age The lowest mental age level at which a participant on a standardized test answers all the items
incorrectly.
224.The term _________ and learning sometimes are sued synonymously.
Development Significance
Maturation Stimulation
225.A young person is a human being with ______ potentialities:
Limited Satisfactory
Significant Developmental
226.According to Maslow, a person with no job, no friends and no house can be self-actualized:
100 percent yes 100 percent no
can’t be said none of these
227.Enduring dimensions of personality characteristics differentiating people from another is called:
Factor analysis Trait
Determinism None of these
228.A theory that states that emotions are a join result of non-specific physiological arousal and
interpretation of the arousal is called:
a) Two-factor theory of emotion b) James-Lange theory of emotion
c) Bem’s theory of emotion d) None of these
What exactly makes up an emotion? According to one major theory of emotion, there are two key
components: physical arousal and a cognitive label. In other words, the experience of emotion involves first
having some kind of physiological response which the mind then identifies.
229.Which of the following is not a level of teaching learning?
A Differentiation level B. Memory level
C. Reflective level D. Understanding level
230.In pedagogy computer is used?
A. To motivate the learner B. To provide feedback
C. To interact with the learner D. For all the above
231.Spare the rod — spoil the child. This assumption is related to that type of discipline which has been
advocated?
A. By naturalist philosophy B. By pragmatist philosophy
C. In Victorian Era D. In Democratic Era
232.Which from the following should be used to increase correct responses and appropriate behavior?
A. Ignorance B. Strictness
C. Reward D. Praise
233.Which from the following should be used to decrease minor inappropriate behavior ?
A. Praise B. Reward
C. Strictness D. Ignorance
234.According to Emile, the noblest work in education is to make a/an
A. thinker B. entrepreneur
C. good citizen D. reasoning man
Note: Emile was written by, “Rousseau”
235.According to John Dewey, school is a __________ institution, and education is a __________ process.
A. social, social B. social, philosophical
C. philosophical, philosophical D. environmental, psychological
236.Responses that produce a satisfying effect in a particular situation become __________ to occur again
in that situation.
A. not likely B. less likely
C. more likely D. equally likely
237.Responses that produce a discomforting effect become __________ to occur again in that situation.
A. not likely B. less likely
C. more likely D. equally likely
238.Rousseau advocated an educational method which consisted of removing the child from
A. school B. burden
C. society D. past memory
239.The idea of practical learning means education should apply to the
A. society B. practice
C. real world D. abstract knowledge
240.According researches in education psychology, the new curriculum should be introduced
A. abruptly B. gradually
C. relatively D. continuously
241.According to Edward Thorndike, learning is about responding to
A. change B. stimuli
C. analysis D. experiment
242.Anything that causes a reaction is called
A. stimulus B. learning
C. connectionism D. physical objects
243.The connection between stimulus and response is called
A. receiving-accepting paradigm B. stimulus-response paradigm
C. receiving-accepting bond D. stimulus-response bond
244.The __________ the stimulus-response bond (S-R bond), the better a person has learned the lesson.
A. stable B. weaker
C. stronger D. unstable
245.For an effective teaching, the teacher must be a subject matter expert that includes
A. command over the subject B. the ability to convey knowledge
C. the ability to apply ideas from one discipline to another
D. all of the above
246.Education ......... explains the gaining experience from birth through old age.
A. Training B. Philosophy
C. Programmer D. Psychology
247.Which psychologists introduced the application of scientifically evolved principles and theories of
learning in education system?
A. Chinese B. American
C. Germen D. British
248.At the end of 19th century, which philosopher formulated laws of learning as a result of his
experiments with animals?
A. Hill Gard B. Watson
C. Edward Thorndike D. John Dewey
249.. ........... includes data concerning family background and educational development.
A. Case study B. General behavior
C. Genetic approach D. Adequacy
250.. Children should be given an opportunity to ...... the democratic way of life in school.
A. Learn B. Experience
C. Understand D. Knowing
251.. The value of satisfaction in ...... is emphasized by the psychologist now a days.
A. Learning B. Education
C. Management D. Environment
252.. For growth of children some parents and teachers were over concerned about providing........
conditions.
A. Certain B. Fundamentally
C. Powerful D. Healthful
253.. According to psychologists, teacher should have an intelligence quotient of ......
A. 120 B. 125
C. 130 D. 135
254.. When a teacher is certified to teach it doesn’t mean his ....... is completed.
A. Learning B. Education
C. Training D. Planning
255.. In our schools and colleges, evaluation of individual readiness for further learning is becoming a
common __________
A. Problem B. Procedure
C. Practice D. Agenda
256.. A nervous or shy child cannot obtain the benefit from his __________ experiences.
A. Personal B. Learning
C. Social D. None of these
257.. The famous educational psychologist Alfred Binet was __________
A. French B. German
C. Russian D.American
258.. The famous educational psychologist Terman was __________
A. French B. German
C. Russian D. American
259.. In America during World War I , the testing of the intelligence of individuals began in__________
A. Experience B. As a whole
C. Combinations D. Groups
260. What does a school Counselor do?
(A) helping students in their academic goals
(B) helping students in social and personal development
(C) helping students in their career development
(D) All of the Above
261.. The main aim of educational guidance is________.
(A) Pupil Development (B) To Solve the Problems
(C) Improvement of Curriculum (D) None of the Above.
262. Name the person who is credited with Guidance Movement ?
(A) Einstein (B) George Washington
(C) Frank Parsons (D) All of the Above
Frank Parsons developed the idea of matching careers to talents, skills and personality. Frank Parsons is
regarded as the founder of the vocational guidance movement. He developed the talent-matching
approach, which was later developed into the Trait and Factor Theory of Occupational Choice.
263. A school counselor works in:
A. Primary schools B. Middle schools
C. High schools D. All of the above

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Objective MCQs, Topic Wise

5. Psychology was defined as the science of inner world by James sully in

Spearman's two-factor theory proposes

Behaviorism Learning Theory

Ivan Petrovich Pavlov (1849- 1936)

72. Who gives more stress to the philosophy of social constructivism?

74. Single factor theory of intelligence was given by _________

Motor activity without use of symbols. All things

Development of language, memory, and

More logical and systematic manipulation of

Use of symbols to relate to abstract concepts. Able

Kohler Learning by Insight Theory:

The Psychoanalytic School of Thought: Psychoanalysis is a school of psychology founded by Sigmund

152.Trial and error theory was presented by:

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