Republic of the Philippines

Division of City Schools

National Capital Region
ISMAEL MATHAY SR. HIGH SCHOOL
Branches Ext., GSIS Village, Barangay. Sangandaan, Quezon City

The Effects of Facebook to the Mental Health of Grade 12 Home

Economics Students at Ismael Mathay Sr. High School

Submitted to:
Mrs. Liezel L. Crisostomo, LPT, MA.Ed

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in

RESEARCH PROJECT

Submitted By:

Arvie S. Aranez
Jearxon G. Bolire
Carl Gabrielle R. De Jesus
Ainsleigh Irish Escubil
Shane R. Guiban
Renz Aaron F. Gutierrez
Andretie Anderson Justo
Ryan S. Rivera Jr.
Irishnicole A. Valdez

10 July 2023
First Semester, AY 2022-2023
 APPROVAL SHEET

This Research Project entitled The Effects of Facebook to the Mental Health of Grade

12 Home Economics Students at Ismael Mathay Sr. High School prepared and submitted by

Arvie S. Aranez, Jearxon G. Bolire, Carl Gabrielle R. De Jesus, Ainsleigh Irish Escubil,

Shane R. Guiban, Renz Aaron F. Gutierrez, Andretie Anderson Justo, Ryan S. Rivera Jr.

and Irishnicole A. Valdez of Grade 12 – Home Economics Strand has been approved and

accepted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for Inquiries, Investigation and Immersion

Senior High School Applied Subject in School Year 2022 – 2023.

Mrs. Liezel L. Crisostomo, LPT, Ma.Ed

Research Adviser
 ABSTRACT

This research aims to give importance to the students’ despite in using Facebook. This

quantitative study is a descriptive type of research. The research aims to prioritize their mental

health as a student and a user of Facebook, to collect data about the positive and negative effects

of Facebook to the mental health from our respondents which are the Grade 12 Home Economics

students and to validate our research by using reliable sources and verified studies and collect

related literature that will support our study. The researchers examined how Facebook affects to

the mental health of the grade 12 Home Economics students. Students who are using Facebook

can be affected positively and negatively. Students who are using Facebook can also affect their

mental health, both positively and negatively. The research is conducted in Ismael Mathay Sr.

High School where Grade 12 Home Economics students were chosen as their respondents. The

researchers find out that using Facebook has positive effects to the students and to their mental

health. Through a comprehensive literature review, the effects of Facebook to the students and

effects of Facebook to their mental are examined. Furthermore, the guidance on how to use

Facebook positively and effectively to lessen and avoid the negative effects of Facebook on

mental health is evaluated. The researchers recommend that students should be guided on how to

use Facebook positively and effectively for their mental health.

 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The researchers would like to extend their deepest gratitude to the following individuals:

Their research professor, Mrs. Liezel L. Crisostomo, LPT, Ma.Ed., for her endless

guidance and patience, for her untiring efforts in giving pieces of advice, reviewing the content

of their study, for her immeasurable support and assistance all throughout the completion of this

study, motivation, enthusiasm, and immense knowledge. Her guidance helped the researchers in

all the time of research and writing of this research project.

The Respondents of Grade 12 students of Home Economics Strand, for cooperating

with the researchers in answering the survey with all the honesty and willingness.

Special thanks to the parents of the researchers, for helping the researchers

intellectually, financially, and giving them support in finishing their research project as well as

their studies.

To Ismael Mathay Sr. High School, for providing quality education that helped the

researchers develop their skills and wisdom in completing this study.

And most importantly, the Heavenly Father, for the guidance, the strength, the peace

of mind, the good health to finish this study and for the wisdom He bestowed upon the

researchers.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

APPROVAL SHEET …..…………………………………………………… i

ABSTRACT ………………………………………………………………… ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT …………………………………………………... iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS …………………………………………………… iv

LIST OF TABLES …………………………………..……………………… vi

LIST OF FIGURES ………………………………………………….……… vii

CHAPTER

1 INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study …………………………………………… 1

Statement of the Problem …………………………………………… 3

Objectives of the Study … …………………………………………… 4

Theoretical Framework ……………………………………………… 4

Conceptual Framework ……………………………………………… 5

Significance of the Study …………………………………………… 6

Scope and Limitations …………………….………………………… 7

Definition of Terms ………………………………………………… 7

2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Foreign Literature …………………………………….…………… 10

 Local Literature …………………………………………………… 12

3 METHODS OF STUDY AND SOURCES OF DATA

Research Design ………………………….………………………… 16

Study Locale …………………..………….………………………… 16

Population and Sampling …………………………………………… 17

Research Instrumentation …………………………………………… 17

Data Gathering Procedure …………………………………………… 18

Statistical Treatment of Data …………………………………………… 19

4 PRESENTATION OF FINDINGS …………………………………….. 21

5 SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary …………………..………..…….………………………… 28

Summary of Findings …………………..………….…….………… 29

Conclusions …………………..………….………………………… 31

Recommendations ……….…..………….………………………… 32

APPENDICES ………………………………………………………………. 34

BIBLIOGRAPHY …………………………………………………………… 44
 LIST OF TABLES

Table Page

1 Frequency and Descriptive Data on Profile of the Respondents 21

2 Frequency and Descriptive Data on the Positive Effects Facebook. 23

to the Students

3 Frequency and Descriptive Data on the Negative Effects of Facebook 24

to the Students

4 Frequency and Descriptive Data on the Positive Effects of Facebook 25

to the Mental Health of the Students

5 Frequency and Descriptive Data on the Negative Effects of Facebook 26

to the Mental Health of the Students

 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Page

1 Theoretical Framework 4

2 Conceptual Framework 6
 Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the Study

Ever since Facebook was created many years ago , Facebook has become the most

accessible way of communicating and people’s way of coping with their situations. One of its

users was the new generation Gen Z where all of our time is wasted in this application. In this

study, we will find the two types of effects, the positive and negative effects that Facebook will

cause to its users and to the students’ mental health. The researchers will go based on the verified

sources and studies that are related to our research study.

Based on the study by the American Addiction Center, there are some studies that show

how Facebook benefits its users' mental health, such as growing and becoming more social and

developing effective social relationships with other people. Facebook helps to meet mutual

friends that will support them emotionally when they are struggling. The downside of Facebook

is the higher rate of cyberbullying which increases the rate of depression and anxiety to its users

especially to the students who are using Facebook and a victim of cyberbullying through
Facebook. Besides that, the internet and Facebook addiction becomes one of the problems in the

society, where students and its users can not finish their work and chores because of the time

spent on social media and to Facebook rather than spending it on finishing their school tasks and

work. The effects of Facebook on the students' mental health are the centerpoint of why the

reseachers studied this research study because they want to gain more studies that will help the

students to become knowledgeable about how it affects their health, especially to their mental

health.

According to O’Keeffe and Clarke-Pearson (2011), Facebook created a phenomenon that

everyone are experiencing right now especially the people who still uses Facebook, they called it

the “Facebook Depression'' where it shows that people who spends too much time in Facebook is

suffering right now that leads into a increased depressive symptoms, which is related why the

person’s behavior and way of thinking was changing into unhealthy ways, based on Yuen et al

(2018).

On the other hand, in the study that Akbulut and Gunuc (2012) presented, Facebook has a

positive effect on people's mental health like the perceived emotional support that the other gives

when the person who needs it receives it from them. It helps reduce the feeling of loneliness and

feelings of isolation from your friends and important people in our lives that all of us feel when

the pandemic starts unexpectedly in our life, this is from Asante and Nyarko (2014).

The Psychologist that gives tips and ways to control the usage of Facebook and social

media was Psychologist Jelena Kecmanovic. She recommended that users should limit when and

where they are going to use Facebook because it helps to reduce its bad effects especially to the
mental health of the student or to its users. Always do detoxifying by using this application for at

least days or using it only on weekends when all the working tasks are finished. Always reflect

after using Facebook about how you feel about using this certain social media and the things that

you saw in the news feed while scrolling through it. Preventing yourself from always checking

your Facebook account in the morning instead of focusing on your assignments and workplace,

starts asking yourself why you are doing it first in the morning is a habit that you need to

improve more positively. Keeping your account and mental health away from the people who

trigger the negativity in your life, unfriend and block them in your Facebook account and also to

your life as a way of self healing process.

Students should know that fantasizing and being a person who cannot accept reality is not

a way to escape the things that we experienced in life. Do not make Facebook your reality it is

destroying the journey that you need to surpass in your life, especially to mental health.

Most students of Ismael Mathay Sr. High School more particularly, the grade 12 Home

Economics students are involved in the use of Facebook that can affect their mental health

positively and negatively. The research study seeks to find out the effects of Facebook to the

mental health of the grade 12 Home Economics students at Ismael Mathay Sr. High School.

B. Statement of the Problem

The researchers aim to provide answers to the following questions:

1.What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:

a. Name
 b. Strand

c. Age

d. Gender

2. What are the effects of Facebook to the Grade 12 Home Economics students?

a. Positive

b. Negative

3. What are the effects of Facebook to the mental health of Grade 12 Home Economics

students?

a. Positive

b. Negative

C. Objectives of the Study

The research study has three (3) main objectives. These are the following:

1. To prioritize their mental health as a student and a user of Facebook.

2. To collect data about the positive and negative effects of Facebook to the mental health

from our respondents which are the Grade 12 Home Economics students.

3. To validate our research by using reliable sources and verified studies and collect related

literature that will support our study.

D. Theoretical Framework

This study is anchored in the theory of Albert Bandura (1986)

 This study is supported by the theory of Albert Bandura (1986). The Social Cognitive

Theory has a good theory that will support this research study because social cognitive theory

includes the study of behavioral and mental health problems of a person. The researchers

consider his theory which is the reinforcement theory that indicated the reinforcement of the

behavior of a person can affect the internal or external of his life that includes their mental

health. As students continuously use Facebook in almost all of their time and life, that behavior

is called a self-initiated reinforcement because they have the choice to use it and by the

influence of the environment around them. Their environment including those people living in

their area are using Facebook that is why their reinforcement behavior of their environment

influenced them to use Facebook. The relationship of this theory along with this research study is

that it acknowledge the researchers to explore that the reinforcement behavior of the students to

use Facebook also affects their mental health positively and negatively.

E. Conceptual Framework
 The diagram below shows the conceptual framework applied to this research study.

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework

The researchers adopted the Input Process Output (IPO) model as shown in the Figure 1. It

includes all of the materials and the information that are required in the process, the specific

details of the process itself, and the guide on evaluation of the effects of Facebook on the mental

health of respondents of the Grade 12 Home Economics at Ismael Mathay Sr. High School as a

result in determining the positive and negative effects.

F. Significance of the Study

This study will be undertaken to find out the effects of Facebook to the mental health of

Grade 12 Home Economics students. It is further deemed significant since it will benefit the

following:
 A. The Grade 12 Home Economics students

● This study will help the Home Economics students be well aware of the negative and

positive impact of Facebook to their mental health and eventually gain tips on how they

could deal with these difficulties.

B. The Home Economics Subject Teachers

● This study will help the Home Economics Teachers to be aware of her/ his students, like

the possible effects of Facebook to their students whether it's positive or negative. This

study will help them be aware of the things that may happen to their students.

C. The Future Researchers

● The result of this study can serve as reference for future researchers who may undertake

similar or parallel studies.

G. Scope and Limitations

The scope of the study is focused on assessing the senior high school students at Ismael

Mathay Sr. High School. This study is limited to the Grade 12 Home Economics students who

are involved in the use of Facebook, It is also only limited to an investigation about the effects of

Facebook on the mental health of the students.

H. Definition of Terms

The following terminologies are used in accordance to their operational definition.

a.) Academic performance - An achievement that the students attain their short or

long-term educational goals.

b.) Coping Mechanism - Any conscious or nonconscious adjustments that decrease

tension and anxiety in a stressful experience or situation in life.

c.) Cyberbullying - A form of harassment using electronic devices such as phones

and computers.

d.) Cramming - An aggressively getting the information or studying in a short period

of time where it makes it harder to think and create effectively.

e.) Effect - It is the result or the consequence of using Facebook to the mental health

of the students.

f.) Facebook - It is a social networking site that students usually use in their daily

life, specifically the Home Economics students. They use it to socialize and

communicate with their family and friends.

g.) Home Economics - It is a senior high school strand under Technical Vocational

and Livelihood Track that offers various specializations that can lead to livelihood

projects at home.

h.) Harassed - A kind of situation in which the anxiousness of a person becomes

tense because of too many problems and uncomfortable experiences in life.

i.) Investigate - A thorough search for facts, especially those things and situations

that are hidden or need to be sorted out in a complex situation.

j.) Internet- An electronic communication network that connects computer networks

and organizational facilities around the world that helps the people to stay

connected to each other even in far away places.

k.) Influencing - Affecting people’s mind and behavior.

l.) Lifestyle - A set of attitudes, habits, or possessions associated with a particular

person or group. Someone's way of living their lives.

m.)Manifesting unrealistic expectations - An expectation where it will never be

seen or happened in real life.

n.) Mental Health - It includes the people's emotional, physical, and social well-

being. Mental health affects how people think, feel and act.

o.) Psychological well-being - A core feature of mental health, or what is the state of

their moods and situations in life.

p.) Platforms - A computer hardware device or an associated operating system or

what they called virtual environments on which software can be installed or run.

q.) Social media - A collective term for websites and applications that focus on

communication, communication-based input, interaction, content-sharing, and

collaboration. People use social media to stay connected and interact with their

friends and family and any other variety of communities.

 Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

In this chapter, the researchers will find and compile all the related studies and literature

about the effects of Facebook to the students and to their mental health. The researchers will

explore all the published research studies that will support and make our research reliable. The

researchers gather all the information, data, results and new discovery about how social media

like Facebook affects the students positively and negatively including their mental health. This

study shows several related review literature that is locally done in the Philippines and foreign

literature.

Foreign Literature
 Based on the study that Mckenzie Mathewson (2020) published, social media

usage becomes increasingly influencing the college students in the Missouri State University,

especially their mental health. Mathewson invited some students to become participants that are

social media users, the results were alarming because students experienced depression, anxiety,

and suicidality. On the other hand, the participants said that they use social media for

entertainment and the most useful social media app that they use was Facebook. The participants

disclosed that social media has a positive and negative influence on their mental health.

Yuen et al. (2019) discovered that using Facebook resulted in significantly

worsened mood compared with browsing the internet, especially when the respondents passively

browsed Facebook. These findings add to the mounting evidence that social media use can

sometimes affect psychological well-being.

Rachel et al. (2017), stated that growing scholarly interest has been paid to the impact of

social networking site (SNS) use on mental health, but the specifics of this link are still up for

debate. A thorough analysis was done to look at the effects of social networking site like

Facebook specifically on mental health. Although the intensity and validity of these links varied,

they included Facebook addiction, anxiety, sadness, body image and disordered eating, drinking

cognitions and alcohol use, and other mental health issues. The review emphasized the

multifaceted nature of Facebook use and the consequent significance of evaluating particular

SNS platforms or comparable platforms above others.

In addition to this, Zia Sherrel et al. (2021) stated that overuse of social media
 can affect our mental health with depression, anxiety and feelings of isolation particularly

among heavy users. They noted that students who use social media for more than 2 hours daily

consider their mental health as fair or considerably their mental health as fair or poor. There are

many adverse effects in social media like cyberbullying that can leave people with lasting

emotional scars.

Gilmour, et. al. (2020) found out that the rise of social networking sites have

provided a new way for us people to communicate. Facebook is one of the largest social

networking sites, Facebook allows people to access interpersonal social networks. A systematic

review has been conducted to review the effects of Facebook on mental health. Facebook was

found to improve general physical or mental health, as well as well-being. It was also found that

Facebook was able to reduce the symptoms associated with mental illness such as, Depression,

Anxiety, Loneliness, etc.

On the study of Khalil Youseff (2022) it was mentioned that one of the most significant

forms of communication technology that is widely used by university students and their teachers

worldwide is Facebook, a social networking site. This study aims to provide information on

Facebook's effects on higher education in general and, more specifically, on the academic

performance of University of Jordan students. In order to complete this study, the researchers

chose a random sample of University of Jordan students and administered a questionnaire

regarding how Facebook impacted their academic performance. Through the use of correlation

tests, the acquired data was examined and tested through the data analysis tool which is the

Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Communication between students and between
them and faculty members was the independent variable, which was measured by Sharing of

information and materials, collaboration among students, and communication between students

and faculty members are all examples of communication among students. Students' academic

performance was evaluated by exams and ongoing evaluations like their GPAs, overuse or

multitasking, and the time they spend on studying. The following three predetermined

hypotheses are put to the test: (H1) Facebook communication has no discernible effect on

students' academic achievement. (H2) Facebook sharing of educational information and tools has

little to no effect on how well students perform in class. (H3) Facebook collaboration among

students has no discernible impact on their academic achievement.

Local Literature

A study conducted by Jean Cyril Salisi et al. (2019) aimed to investigate

the relationship between social media use, depression, and academic performance in college

students. The researchers randomly selected a total of 194 nursing and medical technology

students. The results revealed that the College of Allied Medicine students are active social

media users and show good academic performance. A majority of the respondents do not show

evidence of perceived depression, despite the amount of engagement on social media platforms.

According to a research from Alicia V. Carreon (2019), by examining the connection

between Facebook use and academic achievement among Filipino college students has yet to be

published, despite studies showing that university students are avid Facebook users. In order to

determine how much Facebook was used by students at a private university in the Philippines,
this study compared that information to the students' General weighted average (GWA).

Participants in the survey totaled 686 freshmen and sophomores. The results showed a small but

positive correlation between Facebook use and GWA, suggesting that using Facebook more

frequently is linked to higher academic achievement. This may be explained by the finding that

the majority of students use Facebook to communicate with one another and stay up to date on

school events.

Niña Christina (2022) represents that the social media proved that we communicate and

can socialize better than before. The influence of being online all the time in social media can

affect our mental health, it is important to know the effects of using social media. One of the

most likely to be affected by the social media influence was the youth's mental health. They are

the most active users of this social media application such as facebook, twitter, youtube and

Instagram. Based on the data that they gather, around 78% aged to 18-24 years old are using

Snapchat, 71% of youth are using Instagram, 68% are users of Facebook and 94% were the users

of YouTube under the age of 18-24 years old and lastly 45% are Twitter users. These are the

social media that influence the youth's mental health to be fragile because of its effects on them.

Based on Raymart Afable et. al. (2020), social media platforms such as

Facebook affects the mental health of students, because social media may create dependency

which leads to consequences to students' lives. The use of social media platforms such as

Facebook can lead to, Depression, Anxiety, Stress, Poor sleep quality. They gathered the data

using thematic analysis, and the results of their study showed that social media platforms like

Facebook really affects the mental health of the students.

 According to Singh et al. (2020), this higher prevalence shows that social media,

despite its advantages during this time of crisis, might foster addictive behaviors during the

COVID-19 epidemic, rather than only serving as a coping mechanism.

By researching and seeking all the related studies and literature about how Facebook

affects students and their mental health. The researchers found out that Facebook and other

social media platforms can affect students' mental health positively and negatively, based on

their usage typically on how they used Facebook in everyday lives. There are students that use

Facebook and social media as a way to reconnect with their families, friends and for academic

purposes. But there are some students who are badly influenced by social media like comparing

themselves to others and with complicated mental health issues that even themselves do not

actually notice that Facebook and other social media is the one who triggers their mental health

to collapse and be fragile.

Synthesis

The related study that will sum up all the possible questions and answers that the

researcher is still searching for was the study of Mckenzie Mathewson (2020) from the website

of the author’s school, Missouri State University. The results of the study that Mathewson

conducted is from previous research findings about the effects of social media, where it shows

that social media can influence the students and their mental health both positively and

negatively. In the study that Mathewson conducted on undergraduate college students, it revealed

that the most useful social media platform to the students was Facebook. Facebook keeps the
students stay connected with their loved ones and friends. Yet, Facebook destroys and promotes

the student's mental health to compare what they look to the people they saw on social media,

specifically on Facebook not only that, but also seeking other people’s approval on how they

look and think, manifesting unrealistic expectations and situations far from reality. There was a

weak correlation between the usage of social media as well as depression and anxiety.

Mathewson and the research team speculates that the correlation between social media usage and

the adverse mental health issues were caused by the constant comparing of students' lives to the

people they saw on social media posts.

Due to lack of normalization students think that social media is the one who is pointing out

their weaknesses and self-doubt. Mathewson, came up with a plan of creating a social media

campaign that will help the students to destigmatize mental health concerns that will promote

accessible mental health services. That shows how social media usage can trigger negative

effects such as comparison to other people's lives. By creating the social media campaign that

includes positivity on appreciation on one’s self and how to love themselves with or without

social media influence. This study sums up all of our research ideas about the effects of facebook

to the students and to their mental health. Especially the possible positive effects and possible

negative effects that are shown in this research study.

Chapter 3

METHOD OF STUDY
 This chapter presents the methods used in this research study. It contains the research

design, study locale, population and sampling, research instrumentation, data gathering

procedure and statistical treatment of data.

Research Design

The research design used in this study is a descriptive method to accurately and

systematically describe a population, situation or phenomenon just like how Facebook affects the

mental health of the students. Descriptive method is used to describe how Facebook affect the

mental health of the grade 12 Home Economics students positively and negatively. It focuses on

answering the how, what, when, and where questions of a research problem, rather than the why.

This is also descriptive-survey research, which uses surveys to collect data on a variety of topics.

The aim of this information is to determine the degree to which different conditions can be

obtained among these individuals. The survey was the primary method used to gather such data

or information from the survey questionnaires that would determine the respondent’s experience

about the study.

Study Local

The research setting of this study is in Ismael Mathay Sr. High School and it is located at

Branches Ext. GSIS Village Barangay Sangandaan Quezon City. The Ismael Mathay Sr. High

School, formerly known as the GSIS Village High School, is a high school in Quezon City,

Philippines, that is more commonly referred to as the IMSHS, or simply Mathay.

Population and Sampling

 In this study, convenience sampling was used; this is a non-probability sampling approach

that relies on data collection from members of the population conveniently available to partake in

this study. The researchers chose the students in Ismael Mathay Sr. High School, 26 girls and 12

boys in HE-A for a total of 38 students and 26 girls and 8 boys in HE-B total of 34 students, an

overall total of 72 Home Economics students in Grade 12, in charge were the respondents of the

study. They describe the number of students to take surveys about mental health and the effect in

this study.

Convenience Sampling was used in this study to identify the target respondents. For the

population size of 72 Home Economics students, the researchers applied Slovin’s Formula to

calculate the sample size. The formula is n = N / (1+Ne2).

whereas:

n = no. of samples

N = total population

e = error margin / margin of error

with 0.05 as margin of error or a level of confidence of 95% - which resulted in 72 using

slovin’s formula for determining sample size, the calculation yielded 72 respondents.

Research Instrumentation

The research instrument in this study are survey questionnaires which are created by

Shane Guiban, Irishnicole Valdez, Carl Gabrielle De Jesus, Ryan Rivera, Jearxon G. Bolire,

Ainsleigh Irish Escubil, Andretie Anderson Justo, Renz Aaron F. Gutierrez, Arvie Arañez and
validated by Mrs. Liezel L. Crisostomo, our Research Adviser. The researchers focused on

analyzing the effects of Facebook to the students and also to their mental health, the content of

the survey questionnaire are as follows:

a. Profile of Respondents (Name, Strand, Age and Gender)

b. Positive Effects of Facebook on Students

c. Negative Effects of Facebook on Students

d. Positive Effects of Facebook on Students Mental Health

e. Negative Effects of Facebook on Students Mental Health

Data Gathering Procedure

The following steps were done by the researchers in gathering data for this study:

1. The researchers created a questionnaire.

2. The researchers seek help to the validators to validate the questionnaire.

3. The researchers created a printed copy of the questionnaire that will be filled out by the

respondents.

4. Prepared a letter of request to conduct a survey.

5. The questionnaires were distributed to the respondents through a printed copy of

questionnaires.

6. Researchers clarified some terms to the respondents.

7. The researchers gathered the data.

Statistical Treatment of Data

To ensure systematic and objective presentation, analysis, and interpretation of research

data, the following statistical tools and techniques will be applied: frequency count, percentage,

and weighted mean.

Frequency Count and Percentage will be used in presenting the profile of the respondents.

Percentage will be computed using this formula: P = f / N x 100

Where:

P = Percentage

f = Frequency

N -= Total Number of Respondents

To determine the respondents of this research study, Slovin’s formula will be used to

calculate the sample size (n) given the population size (N) and a margin of error (e). It is

computed as:

Where:

n = sample size

N = population size

e = margin of error

1 = constant value
To measure the awareness of activities of students who are using the application Facebook,

weighted average mean (WAM) will be employed. To get the weighted average mean, frequency

will be multiplied by (5, 4, 3, 2, 1) divided by the total number of respondents.

Formula:

Where:

= sample mean

Σ = summation

f = frequency

x = likert scale (5, 4, 3, 2, 1)

N = total number of respondents

 Chapter 4

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This section presents the result of the survey. This is divided into five parts namely:

demographic profile of the respondents, positive effects of Facebook to the students, negative

effects of Facebook to the students, positive effects of Facebook to the mental health of students

and negative effects of Facebook to the mental health of students.

Tables and graphs were utilized to visually represent the similarities and differences of

the gathered data.

Part 1. Profile of the Respondents

This part includes the respondents’ Strand, Gender and Age. It got a total of seventy-two

(72) respondents who participated in this study. Table 1 shows the frequency and descriptive

data on the profile of the respondents.

Table 1

Frequency and Descriptive Data on Profile of the Respondents

Factors Frequency Percent

Strand Home Economics A 38 52.78 %

Home Economics B 34 47.22%

 Total 72 100%

Gender Female 47 65.28%

Male 25 34.72%

Total 72 100%

Age 16 1 1.3%

17 21 29.1%

18 + 50 69.4%

Total 72 100%

Table 1 presents that the respondents are from the 12 Home Economics A with a total of

thirty-eight (38) senior high school students (52.78%) while in Home Economics B, thirty-four

(34) senior high school students (47.22%). This is followed by their gender from female, forty-

seven (47) senior high school students (65.28%) and twenty-five (25) male (34.72%) responded

to our survey. One (1) of the respondents aged 16 years old (1.3%) ,also there are twenty-one

(21) respondents aged of 17 years old (29.1%) , and fifty (50) of the respondents are aged 18

years old and up in senior high school students (69.4%). The overall majority results of

respondents are one-hundred percent (100%) accurate to the target total of respondents

participated in the survey.

 Table 2

Frequency and Descriptive Data on the Positive Effects Facebook to the Students.

A. Positive WAM Interpretation Rank

1. I always get comfort and joy while using 3.70 Agree 1.5
Facebook.
2. I enjoy using Facebook so that I can 3.70 Agree 1.5
prevent myself from loneliness and stress.
3. I meet new friends because of Facebook. 3.70 Agree 1.5

4. I developed my communication skills 3.40 Neutral 2

because of Facebook.
5. I noticed that I gained confidence whenever 3.10 Neutral 3
I’m using Facebook.
General WAM: 3.52 Agree

As shown in Table 2, the respondents have stated their answers about the positive effects

of Facebook to them. The respondents who stated that they always get the comfort and joy in

using Facebook got a WAM of 3.70 with an interpretation of Agree and got the rank 1.5,

followed by the respondents who stated that Facebook prevent them from being lonely and stress

got a WAM of 3.70 with an interpretation of Agree and also got a rank of 1.5. The respondents

stated that they met new friends because of Facebook got a WAM of 3.70 with an interpretation

of Agree and also got the rank 1.5, 2 nd rank was they developed communication skills because of

Facebook got a WAM of 3.40 with a interpretation of Neutral. Lastly, the respondents stated that

they noticed themselves getting confidence because of Facebook got a WAM of 3.10 with an
interpretation of Neutral and a got the rank 3 .The positive effects of Facebook to the students

got a general weighted average mean of 3.50 with an interpretation of Agree.

Table 3

Frequency and Descriptive Data on the Negative Effects of Facebook to the Students.

B . Negative WAM Interpretation Rank

1. I experienced being harassed while using Facebook. 4.30 Agree 1

2. I cram my school work because I always focus on 3.60 Agree 2

Facebook.
3. I feel stressed and distracted every time I’m 3.40 Neutral 3
using Facebook.
4. I can’t follow my sleep schedule because of 3.10 Neutral 4
overusing Facebook.
5. I can’t manage my time when I am using Facebook. 3.00 Neutral 5

General WAM: 3.48 Neutral

As shown in Table 3, the respondents have stated their answers about the negative effects

of Facebook to them. The respondents who stated that they experienced being harassed while

using Facebook got a WAM of 4.30 with an interpretation of Agree and got the 1 st rank, followed

by the respondents who stated that they cram their school works because they always focus on

using Facebook got a WAM of 3.60 with an interpretation of Agree and got the 2 nd rank, 3rd rank

was they feel stressed and distracted every time they use Facebook got a WAM of 3.40 with an

interpretation of Neutral, 4th rank was they can’t follow their sleep schedule because of

overusing Facebook got a WAM of 3.10 with a interpretation of Neutral. Lastly, the respondents
stated that they can not manage their time because of using Facebook got a WAM of 3.00 with

an interpretation of Neutral and got the 5th rank .The negative effects of Facebook to the students

got a general weighted average mean of 3.40 with an interpretation of Neutral.

Table 4

Frequency and Descriptive Data on the Positive Effects of Facebook to the Mental Health

of the Students.

A. Positive WAM Interpretation Rank

1. Facebook helps me to stay connected and interact 3.70 Agree 1

with my loved ones when I’m sad and depressed.
2. I caught myself getting more comfortable in 3.50 Agree 2
socializing because of Facebook.
3. I noticed that I improved my self-worth and boosted 3.10 Neutral 3
my own mental health because of Facebook.
4. I use Facebook as my personal diary so that the 2.70 Neutral 4
people around me will know what is happening to
me, especially to my mental health.
5. I overcame my social anxiety because of Facebook. 2.60 Neutral 5

General WAM: 3.12 Neutral

As shown in Table 4, the respondents have stated their answers about the positive effects

of Facebook to their mental health. The respondents who stated that they stay connected and

interacted with their loved ones because of the help of Facebook got a WAM of 3.70 with an

interpretation of Agree and got the 1st rank, followed by the respondents who stated that they

caught themselves getting more comfortable in socializing because of using Facebook got a

WAM of 3.50 with an interpretation of Agree and got the 2 nd rank, 3rd rank was they noticed an
improvement about their self-worth and boosting their mental health because of using Facebook

got a WAM of 3.10 with an interpretation of Neutral, 4 th rank was they use Facebook as their

personal diary to let other people knows what is happening to their mental health and life got a

WAM of 2.70 with an interpretation of Neutral. Lastly, the respondents stated that they

overcome their social anxiety because of using Facebook got a WAM of 2.60 with an

interpretation of Neutral and got the 5 th rank. The positive effects of Facebook to the mental

health of the students got a general weighted average mean of 3.10 with an interpretation of

Neutral.

Table 5

Frequency and Descriptive Data on the Negative Effects of Facebook to the Mental Health

of the Students.

B. Positive WAM Interpretation Rank

1. I spend many hours on Facebook when I’m stressed. 3.20 Neutral 1

2. I am comparing myself with others when I see them 2.70 Neutral 2.5
perfectly fine with their lives.
3. I experienced triggers when I’m using Facebook and 2.70 Neutral 2.5
when I saw posts that I can relate to my life.
4. I feel insecure and depressed about my body 2.60 Neutral 3
when I’m seeing post about physical
appearance on Facebook.
5. I don’t want other people to see me in person 2.30 Disagree 4
because they might not like the way I act and look in
person.
General WAM: 2.70 Neutral
 As shown in Table 5, the respondents have stated their answers about the negative effects

of Facebook to their mental health. The respondents who stated that they spend many hours on

using Facebook when they are stressed got a WAM of 3.20 with an interpretation of Neutral and

got the 1st rank, followed by the respondents who stated that they compare themselves from other

people when they saw them perfectly fine on Facebook got a WAM of 2.70 with an

interpretation of Neutral and got the rank 2.5. The respondents stated that they experienced

triggers when they are using Facebook and when they saw posts that they can relate to their lives

got a WAM of 2.70 with an interpretation of Neutral and also got the rank 2.5, the 3 rd rank was

they feel insecure and depressed about their body when they seeing posts about physical

appearance got a WAM of 2.60 with a interpretation of Neutral. Lastly, the respondents stated

that they don’t want other people to see them in person because they might like the way they act

and look in person got a WAM of 2.30 with an interpretation of Disagree and got the 4 th

rank .The negative effects of Facebook to the mental health of the students got a general

weighted average mean of 2.70 with an interpretation of Neutral.

Chapter 5

SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

 This chapter presents the summary of the study, the conclusion based on the results

obtained, analyzed and interpreted data presented in the previous chapter, and recommendations

made as an outgrowth of this study.

Summary

This study was conducted for the purpose of determining the possible effects of Facebook

to the students' mental health and also the possible effects of Facebook to them. This study

addresses the following objectives. A.) To prioritize their mental health as a student and a user of

Facebook. B.) To collect data about the positive and negative effects of Facebook to the mental

health from our respondents which are the Grade 12 Home Economics students. C.) To validate

our research by using reliable sources and verified studies and collect related literature that will

support our study.

To address the aim, three basic research questions were dealt on the study. Our study seeks

to answer the following:

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:

a. Name

b. Strand

c. Age

d. Gender

2. What are the effects of Facebook to the Grade 12 Home Economics students?

a. Positive

b. Negative
 3. What are the effects of Facebook to the mental health of Grade 12 Home Economics

students?

a. Positive

b. Negative

Summary of Findings

Based on the gathered data, the researchers came up with the following findings. After data

analysis and interpretation were made, the following findings were drawn:

a.) Students Respondents Profile

1.1 Forty seven or 62.2% are female while twenty five or 34.7% are male.

1.2 One or 1.3% is 16 years old, twenty one or 29.1% are 17 years old, and fifty or
69.4% are 18 years old above.

1.3 52.7% respondents obtained from 12 Home Economics A and 47.2% respondents are from
12 Home Economics B.

b.) Frequency and Descriptive Data on the Positive Effects of Facebook to the Students.

2.1 This has a WAM of 3.70 which shows that the students agreed that they always get the
comfort and joy while using Facebook.

2.2 This has a WAM of 3.70 which shows that students agreed that they enjoy using Facebook to
prevent themselves from loneliness and stress.

2.3 This has a WAM of 3.70 which shows that students agreed that they make or meet new
friends by using Facebook.
2.4 This has a WAM of 3.40 which shows that students are neutral in developing their
communication skills in using Facebook

2.5 This has a WAM of 3.10 which shows that students are neutral about noticing that they
gained confidence when using Facebook.

c.) Frequency and Descriptive Data on the Negative Effects of Facebook to the Students.

3.1 This has a WAM of 4.30 which shows that students experienced being harassed while using
Facebook.

3.2 This has a WAM of 3.60 which shows that students agreed that they are cramming their
school work because of using Facebook.

3.3 This has a WAM of 3.40 which shows that students are neutral about feeling stressed and
distracted when using Facebook.

3.4 This has a WAM of 3.10 which shows that students are neutral about not being able to follow
their sleeping schedule because of overuse of Facebook.

3.5 This has a WAM of 3.00 which shows that students are neutral about not being able to
manage their time when using Facebook.

d.) Frequency and Descriptive Data on the Positive Effects of Facebook to the Mental
Health of the Students.

4.1 This has a WAM of 3.70 which shows that students agreed that Facebook helps them to stay
connected and interact with their loved ones when they are sad and depressed.

4.2 This has a WAM of 3.50 which shows that students agreed that they caught themselves
getting more comfortable in socializing because of using Facebook.

4.3 This has a WAM of 3.10 which shows that students are neutral about noticing that they
improved their self worth and boost their own mental health because of Facebook.
4.4 This has a WAM of 2.70 which shows that the students are neutral about using their
Facebook as their personal diary so that the people around them will know what is happening to
them especially to their mental health.

4.5 This has a WAM of 2.60 which shows that the students are neutral about overcoming their
social anxiety because of using Facebook.

e.) Frequency and Descriptive Data on the Negative Effects of Facebook to the Mental
Health of the Students.

5.1 This has a WAM of 3.20 which shows that the students are neutral about spending many
hours in using Facebook when they are stressed.

5.2 This has a WAM of 2.70 which shows that students are neutral about comparing themselves
with others when they see them perfectly fine with their lives.

5.3 This has a WAM of 2.70 which shows that students are neutral about experiencing triggers
when using Facebook and when they see posts that they can relate to their lives.

5.4 This has a WAM of 2.60 which shows that students are neutral about feeling insecure and
depressed about their bodies whenever they see posts about physical appearance on Facebook.

5.5 This has a WAM of 2.30 which shows that students are disagreeing about not wanting other
people to see them in person because they might not like the way they act and look in person.

Conclusions

This chapter shows the researchers' conclusion on the findings that they gathered from the

respondents. The researchers were able to come up with the following conclusions based on the

data that they got from the respondents' answers to the survey questionnaires with questions that

were aligned with the statement of the problem stated in the introduction or Chapter 1 of the

study.
 Based on the findings of the study, the following conclusions were drawn:

1.) Most of the students' responses indicate that Facebook has a positive effect on them.

a.) Most of the participants answered that they always get comfort and enjoyment while using

Facebook. Also Facebook prevent them from being lonely and stress and they meet new friends

because of Facebook, while the least of the participants answered that they noticed that they

gained confidence whenever they used Facebook.

b.) Most of the participants answered that they experienced being harassed while using

Facebook, while the least of the participants answered that they can't manage their time while

using Facebook.

2.) Most of the students' responses indicate that Facebook has a positive effect on their mental

health.

a.) Most of the participants stated that Facebook helps them stay connected with their loved ones

when they are sad and depressed while least of the respondents stated that they overcome their

social anxiety because of Facebook.

b.) Most of the participants stated that they spend many hours using Facebook when they are

stressed while least of the respondents stated that they don't want other people to see them in

person because they might not like the way they act and look in person.

Recommendations
 Based on the findings of the study, the following recommendations are proposed based on

the results and findings that the researchers get from the survey questionnaires and respondents

answer to the questionnaires provided by the researchers. This study shows that the results of all

the findings and respondents' answers are showing a positive effect on their mental health and as

students who use Facebook as part of their daily life. The use of Facebook might have both

positive and negative effects depending on how they handled themselves while using Facebook.

The researchers found out that Facebook might have both effects on the students mental health

but it resulted in a positive effect on their overall experience while using it. The researchers

proposed a recommendation to the for the Home Economics students:

1. The students should be guided on how to use Facebook positively and effectively.

a. ) Facebook can be more healthy and enjoyable for everyone to use. The

researchers recommended that everyone should keep posting motivational and

positive things so that the people who use Facebook feel happiness while using

the application.

b. ) Students should report the account of the person who is harassing them and

report it to the police. The researchers also recommended that students should set

their time on when they should use and when they should not use Facebook.

2. The students should be guided on how to use Facebook positively and effectively for

their mental health.

a. ) The researchers recommended that students should keep communicating with

their loved ones to vent out about their problems and ease their feelings when they

are sad and depressed.

 b. ) Students should try to do other things to cope when they are stressed other than

using Facebook.

APPENDICES

BIOGRAPHICAL STATEMENT

Arvie S. Aranez is a grade 12 student in Ismael Mathay Sr. High School. She is graduating

students in the Technical Vocational Livelihood Track, specifically Home Economics strand.

Her current interest is reading wattpad and watching movies.

 Jearxon G. Bolire is a grade 12 student in Ismael Mathay Sr. High School. He is a

graduating student in the Technical Vocational, Home Economics Strand. His current interest is

to bake and explore new dishes. He received awards such as Academic Excellence during the

first semester of school year 2022-2023.

Carl Gabrielle R. De Jesus is a grade 12 student in Ismael Mathay Sr. High School. She is

a graduating student in the Technical Vocational Livelihood Track specifically Home Economics

strand. Her current interest is watching movies, especially Korean dramas, and playing mobile

games. She received awards such as Academic Excellence during the first semester of school

year 2022-2023.
 Shane Ramada Guiban is a grade 12 student in Ismael Mathay Sr. High School. She is a

graduating student in the Technical Vocational Livelihood Track specifically Home Economics

strand. Her current interest is listening to music and doing Tiktok videos and using social media.

She received awards such as Academic Excellence during the first semester of school year 2022-

2023.

Renz Aaron F. Gutierrez is a grade 12 student in Ismael Mathay Sr. High School. He is a

graduating student in the Technical Vocational Livelihood Track specifically Home Economics

strand. His current interest is watching anime and documentaries.

Andretie Anderson Justo is a grade 12 student in Ismael Mathay Sr. High School. He is a

graduating student in the Technical Vocational Livelihood Track specifically Home Economics

strand. His current interest is watching movies and cooking.

 Ryan S.Rivera Jr. is a grade 12 student in Ismael Mathay Sr. High School. He is a

graduating student in the Technical Vocational Livelihood Track specially Home Economics

strand. His current interest is creating nice outfits. He received awards such as Academic

Excellence during the first semester of school year 2022-2023.

Irishnicole A. Valdez is a grade 12 student in Ismael Mathay Sr. High School. She is a

graduating student in the Technical Vocational Livelihood Track specifically Home Economics

strand. Her current interest is reading novels and manhwa. She received awards such as

Academic Excellence during the first semester of school year 2022-2023.

 Ainsleigh Irish S. Escubil is a grade 12 student in Ismael Mathay Sr. High School. She is

a graduating student in the Technical Vocational Livelihood Track specifically Home Economics

strand. She received awards such as Academic Excellence during the first semester of school

year 2022-2023.
COPY OF THE RESEARCH QUESTIONNAIRE COVER
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