Received: 22 November 2023 | Revised: 31 January 2024 | Accepted: 15 February 2024

DOI: 10.1111/jocd.16249

ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Higher percentage of CD34+ stem cells and elevated efficacy

in androgenetic alopecia treatment observed in CGF prepared
from 640 nm laser-­pretreated blood: A preliminary study

Jin Gao MD1 | Qin Xiao MD1 | Yongzhou Lu MD1 | Jing Guo MD1 |
Dongdong Luan MD1 | Chuanlong Jia MD1 | Qiannan Xu MD, PhD1,2 |
Nan Xu MD, PhD1

1
Department of Dermatology, Shanghai
East Hospital, Tongji University School of Abstract
Medicine, Shanghai, China
Background: Concentrated growth factor (CGF) injection has proven effective in
2
Department of Dermatology, Shanghai
Ruijin Hospital, Jiaotong University School
treating androgenetic alopecia (AGA). The primary mechanism of CGF in treating AGA
of Medicine, Shanghai, China is thought to be the CD34+ stem cells and platelets-­associated growth factors being

Correspondence
Nan Xu and Qiannan Xu, Department of
Dermatology, Shanghai East Hospital,
Tongji University School of Medicine, 150
hao, Jimo Road, Shanghai 200120, China.
Email: xnhrb1320@sohu.com and
greatfuturedoctor@hotmail.com
Funding information
National Natural Science Foundation of
China, Grant/Award Number: 82202018;
Youth Research and Cultivation Fund
of East Hospital, Grant/Award Number:
DFPY2023019
injected into the scalp. CGF efficacy in treating AGA may rely on the activation level
of these stem cells and platelets. The 640 nm laser is a United States Food and Drug
Administration approved AGA treatment that activates follicle stem cells. Therefore,
we hypothesize that pretreating CGF with a 640 nm laser may further activate CD34+
stem cells and platelets, thereby improving the efficacy of CGF in treating AGA.
Objective: This study aims to investigate whether 640 nm laser pretreated CGF
(640CGF) has a greater effect in treating AGA than 640 nm laser non-­pretreated CGF
(N640CGF) and evaluate whether 640 nm laser pretreatment changed CD34+ cell
percentage.
Methods: This study enrolled 10 patients (8 male, 2 female) with AGA aged 18–60 years
who received CGF injections. The 640CGF group was pretreated with a 640 nm laser
at an energy density of 4 J/cm2, with a 30 cm irradiation distance for 30 min. Half of the
scalp was treated with 640CGF, whereas the other half was treated with N640CGF.
The injection was prepared by a doctor who did not know which blood tube had been
pretreated. The treatment efficacy was evaluated using a trichoscope 1 month after
injection.
Results: All 10 (100%) patients participated in the follow-­up visit, and a higher
quantity of new hairs was observed on the side injected with 640CGF than N640CGF
(p = 0.019). Additionally, fewer malnourished hairs were observed on the 640CGF
pretreated side (p = 0.015). No serious adverse events were reported.
Conclusions: A higher percentage of CD34+ stem cells and improved efficacy in AGA
treatment could be observed with CGF prepared from 640 nm laser-­pretreated blood.

Jin Gao, Qin Xiao and Yongzhou Lu contributed equally to the work.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium,
provided the original work is properly cited.
© 2024 The Authors. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

J Cosmet Dermatol. 2024;00:1–7.  wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/jocd | 1

 |
2 GAO et al.
KEYWORDS
640 nm laser, AGA, CGF, LLLT pretreatment
1 | I NTRO D U C TI O N
Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common type of hair loss in
clinics. It is highly prevalent and appears in all age ranges.1–3 Clinically,
male AGA mainly shows “horseshoe-­shaped” hair loss, whereas female
AGA appears to have “Christmas tree-­shaped” hair loss; they both
greatly affect patients' quality of life, especially due to emotional dis-
tress, including low self-­esteem, anxiety, depression, embarrassment,
shame, decreased sense of value, excessive self-­concern, etc.4–7
Currently, a multitude of treatment modalities exist for AGA, in-
cluding oral finasteride and topical minoxidil; however, with advance-
ments in AGA knowledge and related technologies, new methods,
8
such as low-­level laser therapy (LLLT) and concentrated growth fac-
tor (CGF) injections,9 have emerged. In fact, the latter two treatment
options were well accepted by patients who were reluctant to the tra-
ditional oral and topical treatment, for example, pregnant women or
patients allergic to certain types of medicine. However, some limita-
tions exist for these two treatments for AGA. For LLLT, the regularity
of its application is closely associated with the treatment efficiency,10
while for CGF, its concentration of growth factors could strongly af-
11
fect the treatment outcomes. Thus, the possibilities of improving
these specific treatments gained our attention. What might be the
key to enhancing the LLLT and CGF treatment efficacy?
To answer this question, we reviewed the literature and focused
on the connection of these two treatments. Approved by the United
States Food and Drug Administration in 2007, the mechanism of how
LLLT stimulates hair growth has been well observed. Studies12–14
have shown that LLLT, mainly 640 nm laser, could improve hair den-
sity, thickness, and growth rate in patients with hair loss by stimu-
lating hair follicle stem cells in the scalp,15 which eventually results
in elevating growth factors to promote the re-­entry of dormant hair
follicles into the growth phase, extending the duration of the growth
phase, and increasing the proliferation rate of hair follicles in the ac-
tive growth phase.
While growth factors and stem cells play a crucial role in LLLT,
they are also critical in CGF treatment. CGF was first reported by
16
Langer and Vacanti. They reported that CGF derived from pa-
tients' blood contains CD34+ stem cells and platelet-­rich plasma,17
which can stimulate cell proliferation and differentiation.18 The ef-
ficacy of CGF treatment strongly depends on the growth factors
that platelets secrete during blood sample preparation and the ac-
tivation rate of CD34+ stem cells, which are injected into the scalp
and play a role in mimicking the hair follicle stem cells.19 According
to the literature, a low-­level laser can activate certain cells, including
20,21
platelets and CD34+ stem cells through photobiomodulation
(PBM), which could eventually elevate the growth factors that the
platelets secret and the CD34+ stem cells activity. Since platelets
and CD34+ stem cells are the main sources of growth factors in
14732165, 0, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jocd.16249, Wiley Online Library on [12/03/2024]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License
CGF, LLLT pretreatment of venous blood in vitro could increase the
concentration of growth factors by stimulating the activity of plate-
lets and CD34+ stem cells in CGF. Thereby, improving the efficacy
of CGF treatment for AGA.
Thus, this pilot study aimed to evaluate whether 640 nm laser treat-
ment could improve the efficacy of CGF treatment for AGA. We also
prepared the mice experiment to evaluate the possible mechanism.
2 | M E TH O D S
2.1 | Patient selection
This study was conducted from April 22, 2023, to June 13, 2023, and
enrolled 10 patients aged 23–43 years diagnosed with AGA according
to the literature,22 of whom two (20.0%) were female. Each partici-
pant received CGF treatment without 640 nm laser pretreatment on
one side of the scalp and 640 nm laser-­pretreated CGF treatment on
the other. All 10 (100.0%) participants were followed up 1 month after
treatment. Participants were excluded if they met the following crite-
ria: pregnancy or lactation, diagnosis of hypertension, hyperlipidemia,
diabetes, malignancy, thyroid dysfunction, infectious disease, bleeding
disorder, platelet dysfunction syndrome, platelet count <150 000/μL,
history of drug allergy, anticoagulant therapy, history of AGA treat-
ment (such as minoxidil, 5α reductase inhibitors, and LLLT) within the
past 6 months, and any acute or chronic medical or laboratory abnor-
malities that increase the risk of participating in the study. Written in-
formed consent was obtained from all participants.
2.2 | CGF preparation
We collected 36 mL of venous blood from the elbow vein. Half of the
blood was irradiated with 640 nm laser (Nutralla, Suzhou) at 4 J/cm2
for 30 min (Figure 1), and then all 36 mL blood was prepared with
standard CGF extraction protocols (2700 r/min for 2 min, 2400 r/min
for 4 min, 2700 r/min for 4 min, 3000 r/min for 3 min).
2.3 | Surgical procedure
Scalp disinfection and anesthesia were achieved using 5.0 g/L io-
dophor and 2% lidocaine, respectively. After anesthesia, 640 nm
laser-­pretreated CGF (640CGF) and 640 nm non-­pretreated CGF
(N640CGF) were injected randomly on the left and right scalp (10 cm
above the central point of each brow bone, the injection range was
10 cm2) of each patient by a doctor who did not participate in the
CGF preparation.

GAO et al.
F I G U R E 1 Venous blood undergoing 640 nm laser pretreatment.
2.4 | Treatment efficacy assessment
A follow-­u p visit was performed 1 month after treatment, and
hair growth on the left and right sides of the scalp was obtained
for each patient using a trichoscope (Beining, Nanjing) 23 ac-
cording to the literature. The number of new hair growths and
malnourished hairs was recorded under the trichoscope by two
dermatologists who did not participate in the CGF preparation
and administration.
2.5 | Statistical analysis
The number of newly grown and malnourished hairs under a tricho-
scope was compared, and the Mann–Whitney U-­rank sum test was
used to analyze the two datasets as neither group of data conformed
to normality. Results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation
(SD), and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
2.6 | Mice experiment
The Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the
Experimental Animal Welfare and Ethics Management Committee
of Shanghai East Hospital (Shanghai, China) approved all animal ex-
periments. Seven-­week-­old male C57BL/6 mice (obtained from JSJ
experimental animal company, Shanghai, China) were anesthetized,
and their blood was collected through retro orb sinus. The blood
was separated into two groups (n = 3/group). CGF for Group A was
pretreated with a 640 nm laser described in 2.2, whereas the CGF
for Group B was prepared without a 640 nm laser. Then, the CGF
samples of the two groups were collected, and CD34+ cells were
detected by flow cytometry.
|
14732165, 0, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jocd.16249, Wiley Online Library on [12/03/2024]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License
3
2.7 | Flow cytometry
The prepared CGF was treated with red blood cell lysis buffer (Shanghai
Shenggong) and washed with phosphate-­buffered saline. Then, the
cells were stained with PerCP/Cyanine5.5 anti-­mouse CD34 Antibody
(Biolegend). Data were collected using a Cytoflex flow cytometer
(Beckman) and were analyzed using Cytexpert software (Beckman).
3 | R E S U LT S
3.1 | The side administered 640CGF exhibited
better hair growth after 1 month
All 10 (100%) patients participated in the follow-­up 1 month after
the treatment. At the follow-­up after 1 month of the treatment,
more new hairs were reported on the 640CGF side than on the
N640CGF side (p = 0.019), and fewer malnourished hairs were re-
ported on the 640CGF side than on the N640CGF side (p = 0.015)
(Table 1; Figure 2). No adverse events occurred in the 10 patients.
3.2 | The side administered pretreated CGF
exhibited higher hair density after 5 months
The second follow-­up was organized 5 months after the treatment
for two patients whose hair growth was not apparent on both sides
of the scalp during the first follow-­up. The trichoscopic photographs
showed that the side administered 640CGF had significantly higher
hair density than the side administered N640CGF, and the differ-
ence in hair density between the two sides was more significant than
that in the first follow-­up (Figure 3).
3.3 | Patients subjectively perceive better hair
growth on the side administered 640CGF
We had patients assess the hair growth on both sides and recorded
their opinions; we found the side where patients evaluated bet-
ter hair growth was highly consistent with the side injected with
640CGF (8 out of 10 patients) (Table 2).
3.4 | Higher Percentage of CD34+ cells
was observed in CGF prepared from 640 nm
laser-­pretreated blood
The blood of mice was divided into two groups. Group A was pre-
treated with a 640 nm laser, while Group B was not treated with a
640 nm laser. Results showed that the percentage of CD34+ cells
in Groups A and B was 55.78% ± 13.40% and 21.86% ± 4.60%, re-
spectively. The percentage of CD34+ cells was significantly higher
in Group A than in Group B (p = 0.0143) (Figure 4).
 |

14732165, 0, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jocd.16249, Wiley Online Library on [12/03/2024]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License
4 GAO et al.

TA B L E 1 Trichoscopic evaluation data during the follow-­up 1 month after the treatment.

640CGF NNHT NNHT NMHT NMHT

Patient No. Age Gender injection side (N640CGF) (640CGF) (N640CGF) (640CGF)

01 28 Male Left 12 25 0 0
02 43 Male Left 29 56 2 0
03 37 Male Right 3 8 0 0
04 32 Male Right 5 12 0 0
05 23 Male Left 5 20 1 1
06 24 Female Left 4 8 1 0
07 25 Male Left 10 30 1 0
08 37 Male Right 18 52 3 0
09 23 Female Right 10 22 1 0
10 32 Male Left 10 17 3 0
Mean (SD) 10.60(7.89) 25.00(16.86) 1.20(1.14) 0.10(0.32)
p-­value 0.019 0.015

Abbreviations: NNHT: Number of New Hairs per Trichoscopic Photograph; NMHT: Number of Malnourished Hairs per Trichoscopic Photograph.

F I G U R E 2 Hair growth under the

trichoscope of one randomly selected
patient during the follow-­up 1 month after
the treatment. Hair growth under the
trichoscope for the sides administered
non-­pretreated CGF (A) and pretreated
CGF (B). New hairs are indicated in the red
boxes and malnourished hairs in the green
boxes.

F I G U R E 3 Trichoscopic photographs of two patients during the follow-­up at 1 month and 5 months after the treatment. Patient 1
received the 640CGF injection on the right side of the scalp, while Patient 2 received it on the left.
 |

14732165, 0, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jocd.16249, Wiley Online Library on [12/03/2024]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License
GAO et al. 5

TA B L E 2 The patients' and physician's judgments of the side accessible difference under trichoscope. Then, these two par-
administered pretreated CGF. ticipants were involved in the second follow-­u p 5 months after

Patient (subjective Physician (trichoscope the treatment. Their trichoscopic photographs showed that the
Patient No. feeling) evaluation) hair growth was significantly better on the scalp injected with
640CGF than on the scalp injected with N640CGF. Five months
1 Right Left
after the treatment, this difference was mainly reflected in hair
2 Left Left
density. Therefore, the data of the second follow-­u p of these
3 Right Right
two participants also proved that 640CGF is more effective than
4 Right Right
N640CGF in promoting hair growth. Moreover, in the second
5 Left Left
follow-­u p, the difference in hair growth between the 640CGF
6 Left Left and N640CGF groups was more significant than that in the first
7 Left Left follow-­u p, which indicated that the enhanced ability of CD34+
8 Left Right cells to secrete growth factors activated by 640 nm laser has a
9 Right Right long-­lasting effect on hair growth.
10 Left Left Higher concentrations of growth factors can promote faster,
more efficient hair growth. Platelets could secret more growth fac-
tors, 24 like fibroblast and epidermal growth factors, under a low-­
level laser. Our experimental results may provide valuable insights
into the efficacy of using a 640 nm laser to enhance the growth fac-
tors of platelets from CGF and improve the efficacy of CGF treat-
ment for hair growth and tissue regeneration.
The effect of LLLT on hair growth is related to its stimulation
of hair follicle growth, and its use as a pretreatment method of ve-
nous blood may be related to the stimulation of CD34+ stem cells in
CGF by 640 nm laser. The pre-­stimulated CD34+ stem cells could be
more activated, providing more growth factors for the hair follicles
at the injection point.
In conclusion, 640 nm laser-­pretreated CGF showed im-
proved efficiency in treating AGA. The possible mechanism might
be the contribution of a 640 nm laser to stimulate the platelets and
stem cells of CGF to secret more growth factors. Local injection of
CGF pretreated with a 640 nm laser could be an effective treatment
for AGA.
Previous research on CGF was primarily focused on how to apply
F I G U R E 4 The percentage of CD34+ cells in Groups A and B. it to various diseases, that is, to broaden the application field of CGF.
Data were presented as mean ± SD, n = 3 samples/group. *p < 0.05, This study combined PBM with stem cells, starting from the CGF
**p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 compared with line indicated group. component itself, and used LLLT pretreatment to promote the role of
CGF to a greater extent, providing ideas for more efficient treatment
of AGA and other diseases.
4 | DISCUSSION Our study provided new insight into the LLLT and CGF treat-
ment for AGA and showed a novel pretreatment method for CGF,
To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to use the 640 nm which could practically enhance the efficacy of CGF treatment
laser-­p retreated CGF for AGA treatment. Moreover, our pilot in AGA. Although the sample size was small, we used autologous
study showed that the combination of 640 nm laser and CGF is an control in our study, which compensated for the inadequacy of
effective way to enhance treatment efficacy. Our study showed the sample size. By programmatically scheduling the trichoscopy
that 640 nm laser-­p retreated CGF had a higher therapeutic ef- testing points (Figure S1), we ensured a relatively stable sampling
fect on AGA treatment. However, two participants (640CGF and location for patients' trichoscopy. The study was designed for
N640CGF) showed no significant new hairs in the treated parts 1 month because the patients were not willing to have the ap-
during the follow-­u p 1 month after the treatment, which might pearance of half side of the hair density significantly higher than
be due to their more protracted period of hair loss, indicating the other side. One limitation of our study could be that we did
a more deteriorated scalp micro-­e nvironment that might need not provide clinical photos, which obviously could not be solely
more doses of CGF treatment and much longer time to get an ascribed to the patients' privacy exposure concerns; however, we
 |
6 GAO et al.
did prepare a review of the treatment efficacy by letting the pa-
tients who were blinded from the specific injection sample guess
which side of the scalp was injected with the 640 nm pretreated
CGF. We told the patients the pretreated part could gain bet-
ter hair growth, and eight of the 10 patients correctly figured
out which side of the scalp was injected with pretreated CGF
(Table S1).
After all, our work provides a novel treatment by combining
640 nm laser and CGF treatment. This novel approach enhanced
the efficacy of CGF treatment and brought the 640 nm laser to
the forefront as a new application method. Besides, through the
autologous control, we managed to present our result with a small
sample size.
AU T H O R C O N T R I B U T I O N S
Q.X. (Qiannan Xu) generated the conception and designed the study.
N.X., Q.X. (Qiannan Xu), and Y.L. funded the study. Q.X. (Qiannan
Xu) and J.G. (Jin Gao) collected the samples, analyzed the data and
wrote the paper. J.G. (Jin Gao), Y.L., D.L., and J.G. (Jing Guo) prepared
the CGF. Q.X. (Qiannan Xu) prepared CGF injection. Q.X. (Qiannan
Xu), J.G. (Jing Guo), and C.J. revised the paper. Q.X. (Qiannan Xu) and
Q.X. (Qin Xiao) prepared the mice experiment.
F U N D I N G I N FO R M AT I O N
This study was supported by the National Natural Science
Foundation of China (Grant no: 82 202 018), and the Youth Research
and Cultivation Fund of East Hospital.
C O N FL I C T O F I N T E R E S T S TAT E M E N T
The authors have declared that no conflicts of interest exist. None
of the authors has any financial interest in any products, devices or
drugs used in the manuscript. There is also no conflict of interest
related to any commercial associations or financial relationships.
E T H I C S S TAT E M E N T
Ethics Committee approval was obtained from the Institutional
Ethics Committee of Shanghai East Hospital to the commencement
of the study.
DATA AVA I L A B I L I T Y S TAT E M E N T
The data that support the findings of this study are openly available
in Higher percentage of CD34+ stem cells and elevated efficacy at
https://​data.​mende​ley.​com/​drafts/​z74kn​x4nh7​, reference number
DOI: 10.17632/z74knx4nh7.1.
ORCID
Yongzhou Lu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0649-4545
Qiannan Xu https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0707-7441
REFERENCES
1. Kelly Y, Blanco A, Tosti A. Androgenetic alopecia: an update of
treatment options. Drugs. 2016;76:1349-1364.
14732165, 0, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jocd.16249, Wiley Online Library on [12/03/2024]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License
2. York K, Meah N, Bhoyrul B, Sinclair R. A review of the treat-
ment of male pattern hair loss. Expert Opin Pharmacother.
2020;21:603-612.
3. Kanti V, Messenger A, Dobos G, et al. Evidence-­based (S3) guideline
for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia in women and in men
-­short version. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2018;32:11-22.
4. Huang CH, Fu Y, Chi CC. Health-­r elated quality of life, depres-
sion, and self-­e steem in patients with androgenetic alope-
cia: a systematic review and meta-­a nalysis. JAMA Dermatol.
2021;157:963-970.
5. Russo PM, Fino E, Mancini C, Mazzetti M, Starace M, Piraccini
BM. HrQoL in hair loss-­affected patients with alopecia areata,
androgenetic alopecia and telogen effluvium: the role of person-
ality traits and psychosocial anxiety. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol.
2019;33:608-611.
6. Kranz D. Young men's coping with androgenetic alopecia: accep-
tance counts when hair gets thinner. Body Image. 2011;8:343-348.
7. Cash TF. The psychological effects of androgenetic alopecia in
men. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1992;26:926-931.
8. Panchaprateep R. Medical treatment for androgenetic alopecia.
Facial Plast Surg. 2023.
9. Zhao F, Hao L, Jin X. Clinical observation and evaluation of CGF
in the treatment of androgenic alopecia. J Cosmet Dermatol.
2022;21:5723-5729.
10. Kim JH, Son HS, Yu DA, Choe YB, Lee YW. Assessment of effects
of low-­level light therapy on scalp condition and hair growth. Indian
J Dermatol. 2023;68:487.
11. Chen L, Cheng J, Cai Y, Zhang J, Yin X, Luan Q. Efficacy of con-
centrated growth factor (CGF) in the surgical treatment of oral
diseases: a systematic review and meta-­analysis. BMC Oral Health.
2023;23:712.
12. Huang YY, Chen AC, Carroll JD, Hamblin MR. Biphasic dose re-
sponse in low level light therapy. Dose Response. 2009;7:358-383.
13. Karu TI, Afanas'eva NI. Cytochrome c oxidase as the primary pho-
toacceptor upon laser exposure of cultured cells to visible and near
IR-­range light. Dokl Akad Nauk. 1995;342:693-695.
14. Gentile P. Preliminary investigation on micro-­needling with
low-­level LED therapy and growth factors in hair loss related to
COVID-­19. J Clin Med. 2022;11:5760.
15. Kaiser MA, Almeida SM, Rodriguez M, Issa N, Issa NT, Jimenez JJ.
Low-­level light therapy and minoxidil combination treatment in
androgenetic alopecia: a review of the literature. Skin Appendage
Disord. 2023;9:104-110.
16. Langer R, Vacanti JP. Tissue engineering. Science. 1993;260:920-926.
17. Calabriso N, Stanca E, Rochira A, et al. Angiogenic properties of
concentrated growth factors (CGFs): The role of soluble factors and
cellular components. Pharmaceutics. 2021;13:635.
18. Conway EM, Collen D, Carmeliet P. Molecular mechanisms of blood
vessel growth. Cardiovasc Res. 2001;49:507-521.
19. Celikten M, Sahin H, Senturk GE, et al. The effect of platelet-­rich fi-
brin, platelet-­rich plasma, and concentrated growth factor in the re-
pair of full thickness rotator cuff tears. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2023.
20. Gresner P, Watała C, Sikurová L. The effect of green laser light
irradiation on whole blood platelets. J Photochem Photobiol B.
2005;79:43-50.
21. Ramírez DG, Inostroza C, Rouabhia M, et al. Osteogenic potential
of apical papilla stem cells mediated by platelet-­rich fibrin and low-­
level laser. Odontology. 2023.
22. Lee WS, Lee HJ, Choi GS, et al. Guidelines for management of
androgenetic alopecia based on BASP classification—the Asian
Consensus Committee guideline. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol.
2013;27:1026-1034.
23. Elshahid AR, Kadah AS, Hassan EA, Elsaie ML. Efficacy of Jessener
solution versus intralesional steroid in treatment of alopecia areata.
J Cosmet Dermatol. 2023;22:529-533.
 |

14732165, 0, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jocd.16249, Wiley Online Library on [12/03/2024]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License
GAO et al. 7

24. Kesler G, Shvero DK, Tov YS, Romanos G. Platelet derived growth
factor secretion and bone healing after Er: YAG laser bone irradia- How to cite this article: Gao J, Xiao Q, Lu Y, et al. Higher
tion. J Oral Implantol. 2011;37:195-204.
percentage of CD34+ stem cells and elevated efficacy in
androgenetic alopecia treatment observed in CGF prepared
from 640 nm laser-­pretreated blood: A preliminary study. J
S U P P O R T I N G I N FO R M AT I O N
Cosmet Dermatol. 2024;00:1-7. doi:10.1111/jocd.16249
Additional supporting information can be found online in the
Supporting Information section at the end of this article.