9

Research 1
Quarter 2 – Module 2:
Writing a Scientific Report
 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of
the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their
respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership
over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

JUNIOR HS MODULE DEVELOPMENT TEAM

Author : Clarisse Laine V. Muli

Co-Author - Content Editor
Co-Author - Language Reviewer
Co-Author - Illustrator
Co-Author - Layout Artist
Co-Author - Team Leader
: Firstname MI. Lastname
: Firstname MI. Lastname
: Clarisse Laine V. Muli
: Clarisse Laine V. Muli
: Eloisa T. San Juan, EdD

DIVISION MANAGEMENT TEAM:

Schools Division Superintendent
OIC- Asst. Schools Division Superintendent
Chief Education Supervisor, CID
Education Program Supervisor, LRMDS
Education Program Supervisor, AP/ADM
Education Program Supervisor, Learning Area
Project Development Officer II, LRMDS
Division Librarian II, LRMDS
Division Book Designer
: Romeo M. Alip, PhD, CESO V
: William Roderick R. Fallorin, CESE
: Milagros M. Peñaflor, PhD
: Edgar E. Garcia, MITE
: Romeo M. Layug
: Edwin R. Bermillo
: Joan T. Briz
: Rosita P. Serrano
: Firstname MI. Lastname

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – Schools Division of Bataan

Office Address: Provincial Capitol Compound, Balanga City, Bataan
Telefax: (047) 237-2102
E-mail Address: bataan@deped.gov.ph
 9

Research 1
Quarter 2 – Module 2: Writing a
Scientific Report
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Research 1 – Grade 9 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on

Writing a Scientific Report!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed, and reviewed by educators

both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in
helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while
overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st-century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As the facilitator of learning research, we are expected to orient, assist, and

encourage our learners on the effective utilization of this module. Also, we need to be
updated on the development of our learners by tracking their progress while using
the localized module.

1Oxford. ii
For the learner:

Welcome to the Research I – Grade 9 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on

Writing a Scientific Report!

Upon conducting a simple scientific investigation using the scientific method, the
next step is to put your result into a formal writing accepted by the scientific
community – a scientific report.

This module was designed to provide you essential activities with guided and
independent learning at your own pace and time in order for you to condense your
result into a simple scientific report that can be presented and contributed to the
scientific community. This will help you to process the contents inscribed in the
learning resource.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the

lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.

1Oxford. iii
 Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your
level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

1Oxford. iv
 What I Need to Know

This module is designed to help you write a scientific report after you conduct
a scientific investigation.

After this module, you are expected to:

1. Familiarize yourself with the different parts of a simple scientific report

2. Explain the purpose of the different parts of a simple scientific report
3. Write a simple scientific report

1
 What I Know

A. Arrange the following parts of a scientific report in their proper order. Use
Roman numerals.

_____1. Materials

_____2. Introduction

_____3. Hypothesis

_____4. Recommendation

_____5. Conclusion

_____6. Title

_____7. Method

_____8. Results

_____9. Aim

_____10. Discussion

B. Answer the questions briefly.

1. Why do we need to write a scientific report?

2
 Lesson

1 Writing a Scientific Report

After conducting a scientific investigation, you should be able to transfer

your observations into a formal writing. This allows you to rethink and
retrace the steps you made during the scientific investigation.

Writing a scientific report can help you process your thoughts and
observations in a systematic manner. A scientific report documents the
scientific method that you put into practice during a scientific
investigation.

In addition to that, writing a scientific report helps you store the

information and insights generated during the scientific investigation. This
allows you to recover the information anytime without the need to do the
scientific investigation all over again.

Let’s try a simple exercise to refresh your knowledge of the scientific method
and get familiarized with the parts of the scientific method.

3
 What’s In

In your previous module, you have learned how to conduct a scientific

investigation using the different scientific method. Let’s recall your
knowledge of the scientific method in terms of real life application. Let’s try
to answer this activity.

Write the scientific method used in the given situation.

Gathering Data from the Experiment

Making a conclusion
Identifying and Formulating a Problem
Analyzing and Interpreting Data
Collecting relevant information about the Problem/Topic
Experimenting Organizing Experimental Data
Formulate Hypothesis
Designing an experiment
Observing

RICE SPOILAGE (adapted from the science investigatory project of (Viray, B.M., et
al)
1. One evening, Mico was about to eat dinner when he noticed that the rice
smell bad.

2. The following morning, Mico asked his classmates if they have

experienced rice spoilage in their household. Most of them have, so Mico
decided that one of the common problems in Filipino household is rice
spoilage.

3. Mico formed a group with his classmates, Sarah, Stephen, Lovely,

Bianca, and Erika to investigate more about rice spoilage. Together, they
searched for scientific journals that mentions rice spoilage and the possible
solution to this household problem.

4
4. After a series of reading about the minerals found in eggshells, they
started to have an idea or educated guess that powdered eggshells may be a
short-term solution to rice spoilage.

5. They consulted Ma’am Clarisse about their idea and they started to
develop a multiple trials in order to prove their idea.

6. After a series of preparation, they started the 1st batch of rice with the
corresponding amount of eggshell.

7. They noted the amount of eggshell and length of time it takes for the rice
to spoil.

8. They encoded their data on a table.

9. Looking at their table, they started to notice a trend in their data. They
started writing their findings which helped them answer their hypothesis.

10. After listing their findings, they started to summarize their findings.

Notes to the Teacher

This part of the module would help the students refresh
or review their knowledge about quantitative and
qualitative data.

5
 What’s New

Listed in Column A are the scientific method you used in conducting a simple
science investigation. In the box below, are the parts of a simple scientific
report. Each part of a scientific report focuses on a particular scientific
method. Please write the part of the scientific report beside the scientific
method (Column A) it focuses on. NOTE: There may be multiple answers.

COLUMN A COLUMN B
SCIENTIFIC METHOD PART OF THE SCIENTIFIC REPORT

1. Observing

2. Identifying and Formulating a

Problem

3. Collecting relevant information

about the Problem/Topic

4. Formulate Hypothesis

5. Designing an experiment

6. Experimenting

7. Gathering Data from the Exper-

iment

8. Organizing Experimental Data

9. Analyzing and Interpreting

Data

10. Making a conclusion

Title Results

Introduction Discussion

Aim Conclusion

Hypothesis Recommendation

Materials Method

6
 What is It

As a researcher yourself, you have followed the scientific method that

allowed you to gather, observe, and measure events which tackle a certain
scientific problem. After using the scientific method in the scientific
investigation, the next step would be to systematize the body of knowledge
that you have gathered, observed, and measured, to be able to contribute
relevant knowledge to science.

Writing a scientific report allows researchers like you to quickly process the
scientific data gathered from the scientific investigation. This is because
writing a scientific report focuses more on your observations and insights that
are already existing data, so it wouldn’t take much time to process.

Let’s discuss more about the different parts of a scientific report. First, we
have the Title, Introduction, Aim, Hypothesis, Materials, Method, Results,
Discussion, Conclusion, and lastly, the Recommendations.

The title should be concise, brief, and not more than 12 words. It should
focus on: ‘What is the investigation about?’, and ‘What is the purpose of the
investigation?’. This gives the reader a gist of the report.

The introduction should be written from general to specific. The general

details about the investigation should be mentioned first before going to the
specific details. This is where the scientific method: Observing, Identifying and
Formulating a Problem, Collecting relevant information about the
problem/topic, come into play.

To understand this better, let’s read the table below:

Scientific Questions to focus on in

Writing the Introduction:
Method writing the introduction

Identifying You should be able to

and Formulat- identify the problem that
ing a Problem What is the problem/topic? was addressed in the
investigation/experiment.
You also need to briefly

1
 discuss this in the
introduction.

You should be able to gather

Collecting rel- the relevant information
evant infor- about the problem that will
mation about What is known about the help solidify your
the Prob- problem/topic? understanding of the
lem/Topic problem. This should also
be discussed in the
introduction.

You should be able to

observe the scientific
What is the scientific
concept that is applied
Observing concept/possible solution
during the
applicable to the
investigation/experiment
problem/topic?
and briefly discuss it in the
introduction.

Once you understand the problem/topic better, the next in the scientific
method is to formulate the hypothesis. In a scientific report, there is a part
where you write your aim and your hypothesis. These are two different but
related parts of the scientific report. After conducting the scientific
investigation, you should be able to recall the aim of the investigation.
Usually, the aim and the hypothesis are connected to each other such that
the number of research aims corresponds to the number of the hypothesis
(Ho and Ha). Let’s take a look at this example.

In your scientific investigation, you investigated whether a certain fertilizer

affects the growth of a plant in terms of height. You used Plant A and Plant
B as test subjects.

In this case, your research aim and hypothesis would be:

RESEARCH AIM HYPOTHESIS

This research aims to test for the Ho: There is no significant difference between
significant difference between Plant A and Plant B in terms of plant height.
Plant A and Plant B in terms of
Ha: There is a significant difference between
plant height.
Plant A and Plant B in terms of plant height.

2
The research aim and the hypothesis are always connected for the reason
that the aim of a scientific investigation is to test for a significance among
the variables and the test for significance uses statistics to reject/accept
either the null hypothesis (Ho) or alternative hypothesis (Ha). To put it in
simply, the research aim is answered by the research hypothesis.

After you writing your aim and your hypothesis, the next in the scientific
method is to design your experiment. In a scientific report, you just need to
list down the materials that you used in the investigation in the materials
section. Be specific with the quantity of your materials. Take a look at the
example in the table below.

MATERIALS

10ml of NaCl

2.5ml of Iodine

In the scientific method, perhaps the most exciting part would be the
experimentation. The steps that you take during the experimentation process
should be documented in the methods section of your scientific report. This
allows you to repeat the investigation using your scientific report. One
qualities of a research investigation or experimentation is that it is
repeatable. That’s why it is very important for you to document the
experimentation step by step. In your methods section, you can write
subheadings or per procedure. Be specific in writing the steps, remember,
the goal of writing the methods section is for your investigation is to be
replicable. The reader should be able to replicate your experiment just by
reading your methods. That’s why you should write as specific as possible.

For example:
Isolation of Mycobiont Extraction using Potato-Carrot Agar Media
1. 200g of grated potato and 200g of grated carrot were boiled in 1L water
for 30 minutes.
2. The extract were collected from the mashed mixture using a sterile cloth
filter.
3. 100ml of this extract was used to prepare 1L of media.
4. 12g/L of agar was used for solidification.

The ultimate goal of the experimentation is for you to generate data. The
next step in the scientific method is to gather data from the experiment and

3
organize the experimental data. These data are written in the results section
of your scientific report.

This is where you document your observations and the data you gathered
from the experiment. Usually, these data or results are presented in graphs
or tables. The graphs and tables should be described and the observations
should be briefly stated. These graphs and tables should be labeled
properly.

The rest of the discussion should be discussed in the discussion section.

This section of the scientific report focuses of the analyzing and interpreting
data part of the scientific method because this is where the graphs and
tables are analyzed and interpreted. This where you connect your data to
the scientific concept and explain what happened during the investigation
and the data trends that you observe in your graphs and tables. This is also
the part where you explain the factors during the experiment such as the
extraneous variables you encountered during the scientific investigation.

After the discussion, you should make a conclusion by summarizing the

important points of your investigation and the findings. You can write this
summary in the conclusion section. Furthermore, you should also
answer/mention your research aim here in the conclusion section and
mention which hypothesis was accepted. The aim and hypothesis are also
connected to the conclusion in such a way that one research aim
corresponds to one accepted hypothesis that corresponds to one conclusion.

The recommendation should be about what you would improve if you’re

going to repeat the investigation/ experiment. This is written under the
notion that someone else would try to repeat your investigation. You write a
recommendation as part of your contribution as a researcher to help them
not to repeat the same mistakes and even guide them towards a better
investigation based on what you have experienced.

Lastly, do not forget to include the references. This allows you to have a
tailored library related to the investigation which you can go back to anytime
you need resources. Furthermore, this allows other investigators to check
whether your investigation is based on relevant, trusted, and up-to-date
resources.

4
 What’s More

Suzy is a Grade 9 student who wants to do an investigation on the effect of vinegar

to the bone marrow of the chicken. Since this experiment has been done before, she
wanted to read about previous scientific reports about it.
Write the part of the scientific report she would need for each given purpose.
_____________1. She wants to know the details about the vinegar and the bone
marrow of the chicken.
_____________2. She wants to know what she can do differently if she will do the
experiment.
_____________3. She wants to know the things she needs to prepare to be able to do
the experiment.
_____________4. She wants to know the effect of vinegar to the bone marrow of the
chicken.
_____________5. She wants to know the basis for the scientific report and check
whether it is based on relevant, up-to-date, and trusted sources.

5
 What I Have Learned

In your own words, briefly explain the purpose of each part of a scientific report.
1. Title
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________.
2. Introduction
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________.
3. Aim
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________.
4. Hypothesis
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________.
5. Materials
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________.
6. Methods
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________.
7. Results
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________.
8. Discussion
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________.
9. Conclusion

6
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________.
10. Recommendation
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________.
11. References
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________.

7
 What I Can Do

Following the steps discussed in What is it, write your scientific report about your
experiment in Module 1 – Activity 2: Which Liquid Melts the Fastest? by filling
up the table below and answering the guide questions.
Title
Introduction

What is the problem/topic?

What is known to the
problem/topic?
What is the scientific concept
applicable to the problem or
topic?
Aim
Hypothesis

State your Ho.

State your Ha.
Materials
Methods
Results

What have you observed in

each setup in your
experiment?
Discussion

What can you infer from your

observations?
How is the scientific concept
mentioned in your
introduction related to your
results?
Conclusion

What did you find out?

Which hypothesis was
accepted?
What are the important points

8
 in your experiment?
Recommendation

What would you improve in

your investigation?
If someone would repeat your
investigation, what would you
recommend??
References

List down your resources

(websites, books, journals) in
APA format.

9
 Assessment

Modified true or false: Write T if true, and if false, write F then explain
why.
1. In the introduction, you need to explain the scientific concept and
how it is related to your results.
2. Using a reference written in the 1600s makes your scientific
research valuable.
3. You may recommend what can be improved in your research.
4. You may include in the discussion section what went wrong in your
experiment.
5. Only include the good parts of your investigation in your scientific
report.
6. You may or may not include a scientific concept related to your
experiment.
7. You can copy paste some definitions that you searched online.
8. In writing the references section, you may copy paste the website
link in my references link without using the APA format.
9. In writing the results section, you may include other group’s results
in your results since it’s the same experiment anyway.
10. You may start the experiment without a hypothesis.
11. Before you start an investigation/experiment, it is important to
read the procedures at least one day before the day of the experiment.
12. In writing the method section, you may copy the original
procedure from the manual instead of writing what you did in the
actual experiment.
13. In writing the introduction, you should follow the statement ‘the
more, the merrier’ and include everything about the topic.
14. If your experiment/investigation failed, you don’t need to write a
scientific report.

10
15. In writing the discussion section, you only need to elaborate the
results. No need to include your analysis and interpretation.

Additional Activities

For your additional activity, get a partner to compare and contrast each
of your scientific report for Module 1- Activity 2: Which Liquid Melts
the Fastest? Notice how you can generate different observation and
inferences from the same experiment.

11
 12
What’s In
What I know
1. Observing
Assessment 1. V
2. Identifying and Formulating a
1. F 2. II
Problem
2. F 3. IV
3. Collecting relevant
3. T 4. X information about the
4. T 5. IX Problem/Topic
5. F
6. I 4. Formulate Hypothesis
6. F
7. VI 5. Designing an experiment
7. F
8. VII 6. Experimenting
8. F
9. III 7. Gathering Data from the
9. F
10. VIII Experiment
10. F
11. T
12. F
13. F
14. F Wha’s New
What’s More
15. F 1. Introduction
1. Introduction 2. Introduction
2. Recommendation 3. Introduction
3. Materials 4. Aim, Hypothesis
4. Discussion 5. Materials
5. References 6. Methods
7. Method
8. Results
9. Discussion
10.Conclusion,
Recommendations
Answer Key z
References (CMS, 17th ed, author-date)

1Viray,Bianca, Sarah Jamillah Lim, Stephen Tuazon, Mico Manalo, Lovely Huete,
Princess Erika Vianzon, and Clarisse Laine Muli. 2020. “Prolonging the Shelf Life of
NFA Rice Using Powdered Eggshells”. Grade 9 Junior High School, Luakan National
High School Main.

2"Practical
Reports | Good Science". 2020. Good Science.
https://www.goodscience.com.au/year-7-science/practical-reports/.

13
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Region III,

Schools Division of Bataan - Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resources Management and Development Section (LRMDS)

Provincial Capitol Compound, Balanga City, Bataan

Telefax: (047) 237-2102

Email Address: bataan@deped.gov.ph