Linear Algebra, Numerical and Complex Analysis (MA11004)

Department of Mathematics
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
Hints and Answers Tutorial 4, Spring 2024

|A|
1. (a) Show that det(adj A − In ) = 0.
λ
(b) Show that det(B −1 (BA)B − λIn ) = det(BA − λIn ).
(c) Show that det(A − λIn − xIn ) = xr µ(x), where µ(x) is some function of x.

2. To find eigenvalues solve the characteristic equation of the matrix A, det(A − λIn ) = 0
where λ0 s are eigenvalues of A. To find eigenvector solve the equation AX = λX, where
X is the eigenvector of A corresponding to the eigenvalue λ.

(a) Eigenvalues are : −1 and −6.    

1 −2
Eigenvector corresponding to the eigenvalue −1 and −6 are k and k1 respec-
2 1
tively, where k, k1 are non-zero real numbers.

(b) Eigenvalues are : i, −i.  

i
Eigenvectors corresponding to the eigenvalues i and −i are k , where k is a non-zero
1
 
1
complex number and k1 , where k1 is a non-zero complex number respectively.
i

(c) Eigenvalues are: 3, 2, 2.    

−1 −5
Eigenvectors corresponding to the eigenvalues 3 and 2 are 4k −1 and 3k1 −2 re-
  
2 5
spectively, where k, k1 are non-zero real numbers.

(d) Eigenvalues are: 4, 1, 1.      

1 1 −1
Eigenvectors corresponding to the eigenvalues 4, 1 and 1 are c −1 , c 1 and c 1 
    
1 0 2
respectively , where c is a non-zero real number.
 
a b
3. Find the matrix of the form for both A and B: using the formula AX = λX and
c d
trace of A = sum of the eigenvalues = 4. Then use the condition that A and B has only
one eigenvector.

4. Use the condition a + b = c + d and formula AX = λX and trace = sum of diagonal

entries to compute eigenvalues in terms of a, b, c and d.

5. To show M is a Skew-Hermitian matrix satisfy the equation (M̄ )t = −M.

1
 6. (a) solve the characteristic equation to compute eigenvalues which are imaginary.

(b) Use the property for orthogonal matrix and show that A−1 X = λ−1 X. Then show
that det(AT − λI) = det(A − λI)

7. Verify AB(AB)∗ = (AB)∗ AB = I.

8. Any matrix A can be written as 12 (A+(Ā)t )+ 12 (A−(Ā)t ) = P +Q, where P is a Hermitian

matrix and Q is a skew-Hermitian matrix.

9. If A is unitary then it satisfies the relation A(Ā)t = I.

10. If v is an eigenvector of A with eigenvalue λ, then use the fact that v ∗ A∗ Av = λ∗ v ∗ λv,
and that fact that v ∗ v > 0 when v is a non zero vector.