Learning Modules DUE

Healthy Living (HL) Knowledge Checks

All Learning Modules have to be

completed by FRIDAY 12 April 2024 at
6pm.

No Extension.

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Tutorial 11:
Health & Disease

Interdisciplinary Collaborative Core (ICC)

Healthy Living and Wellbeing (CC0005)

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By the end of today’s lesson, you should be able to:

1 2 3
Distinguish Analyse Distill
• Distinguish life expectancy • Analyse DALYs attributable • Distill data into insights to
(LE) from health-adjusted to risk factors and its identify risk factors and
life expectancy (HALE) connection with the lifestyle modifications
burden of disease

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Lecture Recap

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Glossary

Life Expectancy (LE)

• The number of years that a person

at a given age can expect to live

• Calculated by adding healthy years

of life to unhealthy years of life

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Glossary

Years of life lost (YLL)

• Years lost due to premature

mortality

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 Glossary
Years lived with disability (YLDs)

• Years lived in less than perfect health.

• YLDs take into account both the
severity and the length of time lived
with a disability, so they can measure
health loss from short-term, acute
periods of disability and long-term
periods of chronic disability.
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 Glossary
Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs)

• Years of healthy life lost to premature

death and disability. DALYs are the
sum of years of life lost (YLLs) and
years lived with disability (YLDs).

• Burden of disease is measured by

disability-adjusted life years (DALYs).

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 Glossary
Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs)

Source: Public Health England (2015). Reproduced under Open Government Licence.
https://www.nuffieldtrust.org.uk/resource/using-dalys-to-understand-young-people-s-health

© 2023 Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. All Rights Reserved.

 Glossary
Health-Adjusted Life Expectancy
(HALE)

• The number of years that a person at

a given age can expect to live in full
health, taking into account mortality
and disability.

• Years of wellness

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Why hasn’t
HALE caught
up with LE….

Even in a
medically and
technologically
advanced
country (like
Singapore) ?

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Aim: Increase HALE not just LE
(Keep people healthier longer)

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Natural
History of
Disease By the time, symptoms are detected, and diagnosis is made,
person could already be well into the disease progression.
Timeline
Target:
• Stage of Susceptibility (before it even starts)
• Stage of Subclinical Disease (before it starts to show symptoms)

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Proactive
Management

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 Differentiating between types of Risk
Factors

Risk Factors • Modifiable

• Non-modifiable

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Causes of
Deaths

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Risk Factors

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 Takeaway:
Build a good
physical &
cognitive
reserve
Range of
function in
individuals

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2023 Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. All Rights Reserved.
Averting DALY
Daily

How to avert DALY?

Tackle Modifiable Risk Factors

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2023 Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. All Rights Reserved.
 Modifiable
Risk Factors
Behavioural Changes

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Screen for Life
https://www.healthhub.sg/programmes/61/Screen_for_Life

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Screen for Life
National Health Screening Programme

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Health
Screenings

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Proactive management of health,
Prevention of chronic disease

What do you need to know about Healthier SG?

1. The choice to live healthier…is yours (well, to
some extent)
2. Strong patient-doctor relationships…health
literacy is key
3. A shift towards preventive care…personalised
health plans; early detection, timely treatment
4. Support from the community…programmes for
healthier habits
5. Better care delivery…digital health at your
disposal

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 Food for Thought
What are some examples of successful preventive
health programmes that you know of?

What can we learn from them in engaging individuals

to be proactive about their health?

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 Key Takeaways
• Given that morbidity can affect our life expectancy
and many of the chronic diseases are preventable,
it is important to consider the risk factors and take
action to maintain or improve our health
• Sleep has been increasingly linked to the
development and management of diseases and
disorders.
• The GBD visualisation and analysis put data into
context and allow us to explore various possible
factors influencing the risks, enablers and barriers
related to disease burden and disability-adjusted
life years.

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Catching early symptoms
is not early enough*
*refer to Natural history of disease timeline

Many lifestyle diseases are Preventable

or can have Delayed Onset.

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 AY23/24 Sem 2 Individual Assignment Student Briefing Deck

Individual Assignment Milestones and Weekly Recaps

Week Milestone / Reflection

1 • Begin: Describe the lifestyle behaviour and WHY do you want to work on this behaviour / issue.
2 • Plan: Devise a Plan to tackle the issue as best as you can think of for now.

4 • Milestone check: Have you started executing your plan? How is it going? If not, why not?

8 • Half-way mark: Review your existing plan. Is it working? Why or why not? Are there any changes you would like
to make to your plan?
12 • Going forward: What would you do differently as a result of knowledge from this course.
Every week • One thing you learnt in tutorial today that might be related to your issue