‭DR.

AKHILESH DAS GUPTA INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL‬

‭STUDIES,‬
‭SHASTRI PARK, DELHI - 110053‬

‭BLOOM WHISPERER‬
‭SYNOPSIS REPORT‬

‭BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY‬

‭INFORMATION & TECHNOLOGY (IT)‬

‭SUBMITTED BY‬

‭ HANYA GOYAL: 11415603120‬

S
‭SHATAKSHI SINGH : 11515603120‬

‭FEBRUARY, 2024‬
 ‭TABLE CONTENTS‬
‭●‬ ‭CHAPTER ONE‬

‭1.1 INTRODUCTION‬

‭1.2‬ ‭PROBLEM STATEMENT‬

‭1.3‬ ‭ORGANIZATIONAL BACKGROUND‬

‭1.4‬ ‭OBJECTIVE‬

‭1.5‬ ‭APPROACH‬

‭1.6‬ ‭SIGNIFICANCE‬

‭1.7‬ ‭SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS‬

‭1.8‬ ‭APPLICATIONS‬

‭1.9‬ ‭BUSINESS RULE‬

‭1.10‬ ‭FEASIBILITY TEST‬

‭1. INTRODUCTION‬

‭Bloom‬ ‭whisperer‬ ‭is‬ ‭an‬ ‭AI‬ ‭powered‬ ‭plant‬ ‭disease‬ ‭identifier.‬ ‭This‬ ‭tool‬ ‭will‬ ‭help‬
‭identify‬‭the‬‭name‬‭and‬‭the‬‭disease‬‭that‬‭the‬‭plant‬‭is‬‭suffering‬‭from.‬‭It‬‭is‬‭a‬‭personal‬
‭green expert.‬
‭Plant‬ ‭disease‬ ‭detection‬ ‭is‬ ‭essential‬ ‭for‬ ‭protecting‬ ‭agricultural‬ ‭productivity,‬
‭ensuring‬ ‭food‬ ‭security,‬ ‭and‬ ‭promoting‬ ‭environmental‬‭sustainability.‬‭By‬‭investing‬
‭in‬ ‭early‬ ‭detection‬ ‭technologies‬ ‭and‬ ‭supporting‬ ‭research‬ ‭in‬ ‭this‬ ‭field,‬ ‭we‬ ‭can‬
‭better manage plant diseases and mitigate their impacts on global agriculture.‬

‭Wheat‬ ‭is‬ ‭one‬ ‭of‬‭the‬‭most‬‭important‬‭cereal‬‭crops‬‭worldwide,‬‭serving‬‭as‬‭a‬‭staple‬

‭food‬‭for‬‭a‬‭significant‬‭portion‬‭of‬‭the‬‭global‬‭population.‬‭However,‬‭wheat‬‭production‬
‭faces‬ ‭numerous‬ ‭challenges,‬ ‭including‬ ‭the‬ ‭threat‬ ‭of‬ ‭various‬ ‭diseases‬ ‭that‬ ‭can‬
‭significantly‬‭reduce‬‭yields‬‭and‬‭quality.‬‭Early‬‭detection‬‭and‬‭effective‬‭management‬
‭of‬ ‭these‬ ‭diseases‬ ‭are‬ ‭crucial‬ ‭for‬ ‭maintaining‬ ‭crop‬ ‭health‬ ‭and‬ ‭ensuring‬ ‭food‬
‭security.‬

‭1.2‬ ‭PROBLEM STATEMENT‬

‭An‬‭expected‬‭70‬‭to‬‭80‬‭percent‬‭Indian‬‭economy‬‭relies‬‭on‬‭agribusiness.‬‭There‬‭is‬‭a‬
‭developing‬ ‭Indian‬ ‭population‬ ‭which‬ ‭is‬ ‭increasingly‬ ‭dependent‬ ‭on‬ ‭agricultural‬
‭yield.‬‭The‬‭end‬‭goal‬‭is‬‭to‬‭develop‬‭the‬‭need‬‭to‬‭examine‬‭plant‬‭diseases‬‭at‬‭an‬‭earlier‬
‭stage.‬ ‭Diseases‬ ‭are‬ ‭investigated‬‭utilizing‬‭different‬‭image‬‭processing‬‭techniques‬
‭and diagnosed so that farmers can overcome from yield and financial loss.‬

‭Despite‬ ‭advancements‬ ‭in‬ ‭agricultural‬ ‭technology,‬ ‭the‬ ‭timely‬ ‭and‬ ‭accurate‬

‭detection‬ ‭of‬ ‭wheat‬ ‭diseases‬ ‭remains‬ ‭a‬ ‭significant‬ ‭challenge.‬ ‭Current‬ ‭methods‬
‭rely‬ ‭heavily‬ ‭on‬ ‭visual‬ ‭inspection‬ ‭by‬ ‭farmers‬ ‭or‬ ‭agronomists,‬ ‭which‬ ‭can‬ ‭be‬
‭subjective,‬ ‭time-consuming,‬ ‭and‬ ‭prone‬ ‭to‬ ‭human‬ ‭error.‬ ‭Additionally,‬ ‭traditional‬
 ‭diagnostic‬ ‭techniques‬ ‭often‬ ‭require‬ ‭specialized‬ ‭expertise‬ ‭and‬ ‭may‬ ‭not‬ ‭provide‬
‭timely information for timely intervention.‬

‭Key Issues:‬

‭​‬ ‭1.‬ ‭Limited‬ ‭Accessibility:‬ ‭Many‬ ‭farmers,‬ ‭especially‬ ‭in‬ ‭remote‬ ‭or‬
‭resource-constrained‬ ‭areas,‬ ‭lack‬ ‭access‬ ‭to‬ ‭advanced‬ ‭diagnostic‬ ‭tools‬ ‭and‬
‭expertise needed for early disease detection.‬

‭​‬ ‭2.‬ ‭Subjectivity‬ ‭and‬ ‭Inaccuracy:‬ ‭Visual‬ ‭inspection‬ ‭methods‬ ‭are‬ ‭subjective‬ ‭and‬
‭may‬ ‭lead‬ ‭to‬ ‭misdiagnosis,‬ ‭resulting‬ ‭in‬ ‭ineffective‬ ‭disease‬ ‭management‬
‭strategies.‬

‭​‬ ‭3.‬ ‭Delayed‬ ‭Response:‬ ‭Delays‬ ‭in‬ ‭disease‬ ‭detection‬ ‭and‬ ‭diagnosis‬ ‭can‬ ‭hinder‬
‭timely‬‭intervention‬‭measures,‬‭leading‬‭to‬‭increased‬‭crop‬‭losses‬‭and‬‭reduced‬‭yield‬
‭potential.‬

‭​‬ ‭4.‬ ‭Scalability:‬ ‭Existing‬ ‭disease‬ ‭detection‬ ‭methods‬ ‭may‬ ‭not‬ ‭be‬‭scalable‬‭to‬‭large‬
‭agricultural‬ ‭landscapes,‬ ‭limiting‬ ‭their‬ ‭effectiveness‬ ‭in‬ ‭monitoring‬ ‭and‬ ‭managing‬
‭disease outbreaks over broader areas.‬

‭​‬ ‭5.‬‭Data‬‭Integration:‬‭There‬‭is‬‭a‬‭need‬‭for‬‭improved‬‭integration‬‭of‬‭data‬‭from‬‭multiple‬
‭sources,‬ ‭including‬ ‭remote‬ ‭sensing,‬ ‭field‬ ‭observations,‬ ‭and‬ ‭weather‬ ‭data,‬ ‭to‬
‭enhance the accuracy and reliability of disease detection systems.‬

‭TYPES OF DISEASES IN WHEAT CROPS:‬

‭Wheat‬ ‭crops‬ ‭can‬ ‭be‬ ‭susceptible‬ ‭to‬ ‭various‬ ‭diseases,‬ ‭which‬ ‭can‬ ‭significantly‬
‭impact yield and quality. Some common diseases affecting wheat crops include:‬

‭1.‬ ‭Stripe‬ ‭Rust‬ ‭(Puccinia‬‭striiformis)‬‭:This‬‭fungal‬‭disease‬‭appears‬‭as‬‭yellow‬‭or‬

‭orange‬‭pustules‬‭arranged‬‭in‬‭stripes‬‭on‬‭the‬‭leaves.‬‭It‬‭can‬‭lead‬‭to‬‭significant‬‭yield‬
‭losses if not managed effectively.‬
‭2.‬ ‭Leaf‬ ‭Rust‬ ‭(Puccinia‬ ‭triticina):‬‭Another‬ ‭fungal‬ ‭disease,‬ ‭leaf‬ ‭rust‬ ‭causes‬
‭orange‬‭to‬‭brown‬‭pustules‬‭on‬‭the‬‭leaves,‬‭reducing‬‭the‬‭photosynthetic‬‭area‬‭of‬‭the‬
‭plant and impacting yield.‬
‭3.‬‭Powdery‬‭Mildew‬‭(Blumeria‬‭graminis‬‭f.sp.‬‭tritici):‬‭Powdery‬‭mildew‬‭appears‬
‭as‬ ‭a‬‭white,‬‭powdery‬‭growth‬‭on‬‭the‬‭leaves,‬‭stems,‬‭and‬‭heads‬‭of‬‭wheat‬‭plants.‬‭It‬
‭can reduce yield and quality if left uncontrolled.‬
‭4.‬ ‭Fusarium‬ ‭Head‬ ‭Blight‬ ‭(Fusarium‬ ‭graminearum):‬ ‭This‬ ‭fungal‬ ‭disease‬
‭infects‬‭wheat‬‭heads,‬‭causing‬‭bleaching‬‭and‬‭shriveling‬‭of‬‭the‬‭kernels,‬‭commonly‬
‭known‬ ‭as‬ ‭scab.‬ ‭It‬ ‭not‬ ‭only‬ ‭reduces‬ ‭yield‬ ‭but‬ ‭also‬ ‭produces‬ ‭mycotoxins,‬ ‭which‬
‭can contaminate the grain and pose health risks.‬
‭5.‬‭Septoria‬‭Leaf‬‭Blotch‬‭(Septoria‬‭tritici):‬‭Septoria‬‭leaf‬‭blotch‬‭appears‬‭as‬‭small,‬
‭dark‬ ‭spots‬ ‭with‬ ‭yellow‬ ‭halos‬ ‭on‬ ‭the‬ ‭leaves.‬ ‭Severe‬ ‭infections‬ ‭can‬ ‭lead‬ ‭to‬
‭premature defoliation and yield losses.‬
‭6.‬‭Tan‬‭Spot‬‭(Pyrenophora‬‭tritici-repentis):‬‭Tan‬‭spot‬‭causes‬‭necrotic‬‭lesions‬‭on‬
‭the‬ ‭leaves,‬ ‭reducing‬ ‭photosynthetic‬ ‭capacity‬ ‭and‬ ‭potentially‬ ‭leading‬ ‭to‬ ‭yield‬
‭losses.‬
‭7.‬ ‭Stem‬ ‭Rust‬ ‭(Puccinia‬ ‭graminis‬ ‭f.sp.‬ ‭tritici):‬ ‭Stem‬ ‭rust‬ ‭infects‬ ‭the‬ ‭stems‬‭of‬
‭wheat‬‭plants,‬‭causing‬‭reddish-brown‬‭pustules.‬‭Severe‬‭infections‬‭can‬‭weaken‬‭the‬
‭stems, leading to lodging and yield losses.‬
‭8.‬ ‭Barley‬ ‭Yellow‬ ‭Dwarf‬ ‭Virus‬ ‭(BYDV):‬ ‭This‬ ‭viral‬ ‭disease‬ ‭is‬ ‭transmitted‬ ‭by‬
‭aphids‬ ‭and‬ ‭can‬ ‭cause‬‭stunted‬‭growth,‬‭yellowing‬‭of‬‭leaves,‬‭and‬‭yield‬‭reductions‬
‭in wheat crops.‬
 ‭Figure 1‬
‭Symptoms of wheat rust diseases caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (A),‬
‭Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (B) and Puccinia triticina (C). Photographs courtesy‬
‭of Rohit Mago‬

‭Figure 2‬
‭Symptoms of foliar blotch diseases. (A) Septoria tritici blotch. (B) Tan spot. (C)‬
‭Septoria nodorum blotch. (D) Spot blotch. Photographs courtesy of Dr Megan‬
‭McDonald (A, B) and Erin Hill (C, D).‬
 ‭1.3 ORGANIZATIONAL BACKGROUND‬

‭An‬ ‭organizational‬ ‭background‬ ‭of‬ ‭a‬ ‭plant‬ ‭disease‬ ‭detection‬ ‭system‬ ‭typically‬
‭includes‬ ‭information‬ ‭about‬ ‭the‬ ‭entity‬ ‭responsible‬ ‭for‬ ‭developing,‬ ‭implementing,‬
‭and‬ ‭managing‬ ‭the‬ ‭system.‬‭Here's‬‭a‬‭generic‬‭organizational‬‭background‬‭for‬‭such‬
‭a system:‬

‭1.‬ ‭Name‬ ‭of‬ ‭Organization‬‭:‬‭The‬‭name‬‭of‬‭the‬‭organization‬‭responsible‬‭for‬‭the‬

‭plant disease detection system.‬

‭2.‬ ‭Mission‬ ‭and‬ ‭Goals‬‭:‬ ‭A‬‭statement‬‭outlining‬‭the‬‭organization's‬‭mission‬‭and‬

‭goals‬ ‭related‬ ‭to‬ ‭plant‬ ‭health,‬ ‭agriculture,‬ ‭or‬ ‭food‬ ‭security.‬ ‭This‬ ‭may‬ ‭include‬
‭objectives‬ ‭such‬ ‭as‬ ‭improving‬ ‭crop‬ ‭yield,‬ ‭reducing‬ ‭losses‬ ‭due‬ ‭to‬ ‭diseases,‬ ‭and‬
‭promoting sustainable farming practices.‬

‭3.‬ ‭Structure‬‭:‬ ‭Description‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭organizational‬ ‭structure,‬ ‭including‬

‭departments‬‭or‬‭units‬‭involved‬‭in‬‭developing‬‭and‬‭operating‬‭the‬‭disease‬‭detection‬
‭system.‬ ‭This‬ ‭may‬ ‭involve‬ ‭research‬ ‭and‬ ‭development‬ ‭teams,‬ ‭data‬ ‭scientists,‬
‭engineers, field technicians, and administrative staff.‬

‭4.‬ ‭Expertise‬‭:‬ ‭Overview‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭expertise‬ ‭and‬ ‭qualifications‬ ‭of‬ ‭key‬ ‭personnel‬
‭involved‬‭in‬‭the‬‭project,‬‭such‬‭as‬‭agronomists,‬‭plant‬‭pathologists,‬‭biotechnologists,‬
‭and software developers.‬

‭5.‬ ‭Collaborations‬‭:Information‬ ‭about‬ ‭partnerships‬ ‭and‬ ‭collaborations‬ ‭with‬

‭other‬ ‭organizations,‬ ‭including‬ ‭academic‬ ‭institutions,‬ ‭research‬ ‭centers,‬
‭government‬ ‭agencies,‬ ‭and‬ ‭industry‬ ‭stakeholders.‬ ‭Collaboration‬ ‭often‬ ‭plays‬ ‭a‬
‭crucial‬ ‭role‬ ‭in‬ ‭accessing‬ ‭resources,‬ ‭expertise,‬ ‭and‬ ‭data‬ ‭needed‬ ‭for‬ ‭developing‬
‭effective disease detection systems.‬

‭6.‬‭Funding‬‭:‬‭Details‬‭regarding‬‭sources‬‭of‬‭funding‬‭for‬‭the‬‭organization‬‭and‬‭the‬
‭disease‬ ‭detection‬ ‭system.‬ ‭This‬ ‭may‬ ‭include‬ ‭government‬ ‭grants,‬ ‭private‬
‭investments, research contracts, and donations.‬

‭7.‬ ‭Technological‬ ‭Infrastructure‬‭:‬ ‭Description‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭technological‬

‭infrastructure‬ ‭utilized‬ ‭by‬ ‭the‬ ‭organization‬ ‭for‬ ‭disease‬ ‭detection‬ ‭purposes.‬ ‭This‬
‭may‬‭include‬‭hardware‬‭such‬‭as‬‭sensors,‬‭drones,‬‭and‬‭imaging‬‭devices,‬‭as‬‭well‬‭as‬
‭software for data analysis, machine learning, and decision support.‬

‭8.‬ ‭Deployment‬ ‭and‬ ‭Implementation‬‭:Information‬ ‭on‬ ‭how‬ ‭the‬ ‭disease‬

‭detection‬‭system‬‭is‬‭deployed‬‭and‬‭implemented‬‭in‬‭agricultural‬‭settings.‬‭This‬‭may‬
‭involve‬ ‭field‬ ‭trials,‬ ‭pilot‬ ‭projects,‬ ‭training‬ ‭programs‬ ‭for‬ ‭farmers,‬ ‭and‬ ‭extension‬
‭services to promote adoption.‬

‭9.‬ ‭Monitoring‬ ‭and‬ ‭Evaluation‬‭:Strategies‬ ‭for‬ ‭monitoring‬ ‭and‬ ‭evaluating‬ ‭the‬

‭performance‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭disease‬ ‭detection‬ ‭system,‬ ‭including‬ ‭metrics‬ ‭for‬ ‭accuracy,‬
‭reliability, scalability, and impact on agricultural productivity.‬

‭10.‬ ‭Regulatory‬ ‭Compliance‬‭:‬ ‭Compliance‬ ‭with‬ ‭relevant‬ ‭regulations‬ ‭and‬

‭standards governing plant health, data privacy, and environmental protection.‬

‭11.‬ ‭Future‬ ‭Directions‬‭:‬ ‭Vision‬ ‭for‬ ‭the‬ ‭future‬ ‭development‬ ‭and‬ ‭expansion‬ ‭of‬
‭the‬ ‭disease‬ ‭detection‬ ‭system,‬ ‭including‬ ‭plans‬ ‭for‬ ‭innovation,‬ ‭research,‬ ‭and‬
‭outreach activities.‬

‭By‬ ‭providing‬ ‭a‬ ‭comprehensive‬ ‭organizational‬ ‭background,‬ ‭stakeholders‬ ‭can‬

‭gain‬ ‭a‬ ‭better‬ ‭understanding‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭capabilities,‬ ‭resources,‬ ‭and‬ ‭commitments‬‭of‬
‭the entity responsible for the plant disease detection system.‬
 ‭1.4 OBJECTIVE‬

‭Plant‬ ‭diseases‬ ‭cause‬ ‭many‬ ‭significant‬ ‭damages‬ ‭and‬ ‭losses‬ ‭in‬ ‭crops‬ ‭around‬ ‭the‬
‭world.‬ ‭Appropriate‬ ‭measures‬ ‭on‬ ‭disease‬ ‭identification‬ ‭should‬ ‭be‬ ‭introduced‬ ‭to‬
‭prevent the problems and minimize the losses.‬
‭Technical‬ ‭approaches‬ ‭using‬ ‭Machine‬ ‭Learning‬ ‭and‬ ‭Computer‬ ‭Vision‬ ‭are‬ ‭actively‬
‭researched to achieve intelligence farming by early detection of plant disease.‬
‭An‬ ‭application‬ ‭is‬ ‭obviously‬ ‭desirable‬ ‭to‬ ‭aid‬ ‭the‬ ‭farmers‬ ‭or‬ ‭garden‬ ‭enthusiasts‬ ‭in‬
‭diagnosing‬ ‭what‬ ‭sorts‬ ‭of‬ ‭diseases‬ ‭a‬ ‭plant‬ ‭has.‬ ‭Although‬ ‭some‬‭similar‬‭applications‬
‭exist,‬ ‭most‬ ‭of‬ ‭them‬ ‭achieve‬ ‭function‬ ‭by‬ ‭submitting‬ ‭the‬ ‭image‬ ‭to‬ ‭a‬ ‭team‬ ‭of‬ ‭plant‬
‭pathologists‬‭or‬‭expert‬‭garden‬‭advisers‬‭to‬‭get‬‭possible‬‭identification‬‭results‬‭and‬‭some‬
‭advice.‬

‭The‬‭primary‬‭objective‬‭of‬‭this‬‭study‬‭is‬‭to‬‭develop‬‭and‬‭implement‬‭an‬‭innovative‬‭wheat‬
‭disease‬ ‭detection‬ ‭system‬ ‭that‬ ‭addresses‬ ‭the‬ ‭aforementioned‬ ‭challenges.‬
‭Specifically, the system aims to:‬

‭​‬ ‭Enhance‬ ‭the‬ ‭accuracy‬ ‭and‬ ‭reliability‬ ‭of‬ ‭wheat‬ ‭disease‬ ‭detection‬ ‭through‬ ‭the‬
‭integration‬ ‭of‬ ‭advanced‬ ‭sensor‬ ‭technologies,‬ ‭image‬ ‭processing‬ ‭algorithms,‬ ‭and‬
‭machine learning techniques.‬
‭​‬ ‭Improve‬‭accessibility‬‭to‬‭disease‬‭detection‬‭tools‬‭and‬‭expertise‬‭for‬‭farmers,‬‭extension‬
‭workers, and other stakeholders involved in wheat production.‬
‭​‬ ‭Enable‬ ‭timely‬ ‭and‬ ‭targeted‬ ‭interventions‬ ‭for‬ ‭disease‬ ‭management,‬ ‭thereby‬
‭minimizing crop losses and maximizing yield potential.‬
‭​‬ ‭Facilitate‬ ‭scalability‬ ‭and‬ ‭adaptability‬ ‭to‬ ‭diverse‬ ‭agricultural‬ ‭settings,‬ ‭including‬
‭smallholder farms and large commercial operations.‬
‭​‬ ‭Foster‬ ‭collaboration‬ ‭and‬ ‭knowledge-sharing‬ ‭among‬ ‭stakeholders‬ ‭to‬ ‭support‬ ‭the‬
‭sustainable management of wheat diseases and promote resilient agriculture.‬
‭1.5 APPROACH‬

‭A. Create a dataset for experimentation.‬

‭B. Create an architecture to be used‬
‭C. Train and test the network with default parameters initialized.‬
‭D. Calculate its performance using accuracy , loss , and size metrics.‬
‭E. Prediction based on higher accuracy‬

‭1.6 SIGNIFICANCE‬

‭1.‬ ‭Early‬ ‭Detection‬‭:‬ ‭Identifying‬ ‭diseases‬ ‭in‬ ‭plants‬ ‭early‬ ‭can‬ ‭prevent‬ ‭the‬ ‭spread‬ ‭of‬
‭the‬‭disease‬‭to‬‭other‬‭plants‬‭in‬‭the‬‭vicinity.‬‭Early‬‭detection‬‭allows‬‭for‬‭prompt‬‭action‬‭to‬
‭be‬‭taken,‬‭such‬‭as‬‭quarantine‬‭measures‬‭or‬‭targeted‬‭treatments,‬‭reducing‬‭the‬‭overall‬
‭impact on plant populations.‬
‭2.‬ ‭Crop‬ ‭Protection‬‭:‬ ‭Plant‬ ‭diseases‬ ‭can‬ ‭devastate‬ ‭crops,‬ ‭leading‬ ‭to‬ ‭significant‬
‭economic‬ ‭losses‬ ‭for‬ ‭farmers‬ ‭and‬ ‭affecting‬ ‭food‬ ‭security.‬ ‭Detecting‬ ‭diseases‬ ‭early‬
‭allows‬‭farmers‬‭to‬‭take‬‭appropriate‬‭measures‬‭to‬‭protect‬‭their‬‭crops,‬‭such‬‭as‬‭applying‬
‭pesticides or implementing disease-resistant crop varieties.‬
‭3.‬ ‭Optimizing‬ ‭Yield‬‭:‬ ‭By‬ ‭detecting‬ ‭diseases‬ ‭early‬ ‭and‬ ‭implementing‬ ‭appropriate‬
‭management‬ ‭strategies,‬ ‭farmers‬ ‭can‬ ‭optimize‬‭crop‬‭yields.‬‭Healthy‬‭plants‬‭are‬‭more‬
‭productive‬ ‭and‬ ‭produce‬ ‭higher-quality‬ ‭crops,‬ ‭leading‬ ‭to‬ ‭increased‬ ‭profitability‬ ‭for‬
‭farmers and a more sustainable agricultural system.‬
‭4.‬‭Environmental‬‭Protection‬‭:‬‭Plant‬‭diseases‬‭can‬‭have‬‭broader‬‭ecological‬‭impacts,‬
‭affecting natural ecosystems and biodiversity.‬
‭5.‬ ‭Global‬ ‭Food‬ ‭Security‬‭:‬ ‭With‬ ‭a‬ ‭growing‬ ‭global‬ ‭population‬ ‭and‬ ‭increasing‬
‭pressures‬ ‭on‬ ‭agricultural‬ ‭systems,‬ ‭ensuring‬ ‭the‬ ‭health‬ ‭of‬ ‭plants‬ ‭is‬ ‭essential‬ ‭for‬
‭global food security.‬
‭6.‬ ‭Reducing‬ ‭Chemical‬ ‭Inputs‬‭:‬ ‭Early‬ ‭disease‬ ‭detection‬ ‭can‬ ‭help‬ ‭reduce‬‭the‬‭need‬
‭for‬ ‭excessive‬ ‭pesticide‬ ‭and‬ ‭fungicide‬ ‭use,‬ ‭reducing‬ ‭environmental‬ ‭pollution‬ ‭and‬
‭promoting sustainable agricultural practices.‬
‭1.7 SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS‬

‭Crop‬ ‭diseases‬ ‭are‬ ‭a‬ ‭major‬ ‭threat‬ ‭to‬ ‭food‬ ‭security,‬ ‭but‬ ‭their‬ ‭rapid‬ ‭identification‬
‭remains‬ ‭difficult‬ ‭in‬ ‭many‬ ‭parts‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭world‬ ‭due‬ ‭to‬ ‭a‬ ‭lack‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭necessary‬
‭infrastructure.‬‭The‬‭combination‬‭of‬‭increasing‬‭global‬‭smartphone‬‭penetration‬‭and‬‭the‬
‭recent‬ ‭advancement,‬ ‭in‬ ‭computer‬ ‭vision‬ ‭made‬ ‭possible‬ ‭by‬ ‭deep‬ ‭learning,‬ ‭and‬
‭transfer‬‭learning‬‭has‬‭paved‬‭the‬‭way‬‭for‬‭smart‬‭systems‬‭to‬‭diagnose‬‭diseases‬‭at‬‭initial‬
‭stages,‬ ‭as‬ ‭soon‬ ‭as‬ ‭they‬ ‭appear‬ ‭in‬ ‭plant‬ ‭leaves.‬ ‭Therefore,‬ ‭a‬ ‭convolutional‬ ‭neural‬
‭network‬ ‭is‬ ‭created‬ ‭and‬ ‭developed‬ ‭to‬ ‭perform‬ ‭plant‬ ‭disease‬ ‭detection‬ ‭and‬
‭classification‬ ‭using‬ ‭leaf‬ ‭images‬ ‭of‬‭healthy‬‭and‬‭diseased‬‭crops.‬‭Deep‬‭learning‬‭uses‬
‭convolutional‬ ‭neural‬ ‭networks‬ ‭for‬‭image‬‭classification‬‭as‬‭it‬‭gives‬‭the‬‭most‬‭accurate‬
‭results in solving real-world problems.‬
‭LIMITATIONS:‬
‭1.Accuracy‬ ‭4.Lack of real time update‬
‭2.Limited Scope‬ ‭5.Rely on Visual Symptoms‬
‭3.Dependency on user input‬ ‭6.Language Barriers‬

‭1.8 APPLICATIONS‬

‭1.‬ ‭Early‬ ‭Detection‬ ‭:‬ ‭These‬ ‭applications‬ ‭can‬ ‭detect‬ ‭diseases‬ ‭in‬ ‭plants‬ ‭at‬ ‭early‬
‭stages, allowing farmers to take prompt action to prevent the spread of diseases.‬
‭2.‬ ‭Precision‬ ‭Agriculture‬‭:‬ ‭Plant‬ ‭disease‬ ‭detection‬ ‭applications‬ ‭contribute‬ ‭to‬
‭precision‬ ‭agriculture‬ ‭by‬ ‭providing‬ ‭targeted‬ ‭treatments‬ ‭only‬ ‭to‬ ‭affected‬ ‭areas,‬
‭reducing‬ ‭the‬ ‭need‬ ‭for‬ ‭broad-spectrum‬ ‭pesticides‬ ‭or‬ ‭fungicides.‬ ‭This‬ ‭approach‬
‭minimizes‬‭input‬‭costs‬‭and‬‭environmental‬‭impacts‬‭while‬‭maximizing‬‭crop‬‭health‬‭and‬
‭yield.‬
‭3.‬‭Crop Protection and Management‬
‭4.‬ ‭Plant‬ ‭Breeding‬ ‭and‬ ‭Research‬‭:‬ ‭Plant‬ ‭disease‬ ‭detection‬ ‭applications‬ ‭provide‬
‭valuable‬ ‭data‬ ‭for‬ ‭plant‬ ‭breeders‬ ‭and‬ ‭researchers‬ ‭studying‬ ‭plant-pathogen‬
‭interactions‬
‭5.‬ ‭Urban‬ ‭and‬ ‭Indoor‬ ‭Agriculture‬‭:‬ ‭In‬ ‭addition‬ ‭to‬ ‭traditional‬ ‭farming‬ ‭settings,‬ ‭plant‬
‭disease‬ ‭detection‬ ‭applications‬ ‭are‬ ‭also‬ ‭valuable‬ ‭in‬ ‭urban‬ ‭and‬ ‭indoor‬ ‭agriculture‬
‭systems.‬ ‭They‬ ‭help‬ ‭urban‬ ‭farmers,‬ ‭home‬ ‭gardeners,‬ ‭and‬ ‭indoor‬ ‭plant‬ ‭enthusiasts‬
‭diagnose‬ ‭and‬ ‭manage‬ ‭diseases‬ ‭in‬ ‭limited-space‬ ‭environments,‬ ‭promoting‬ ‭healthy‬
‭plant growth and productivity.‬
‭6.‬‭Biosecurity‬‭and‬‭Quarantine‬‭:‬‭Disease‬‭detection‬‭applications‬‭play‬‭a‬‭crucial‬‭role‬‭in‬
‭biosecurity‬ ‭measures‬ ‭by‬ ‭identifying‬ ‭and‬ ‭containing‬ ‭plant‬ ‭diseases‬ ‭before‬ ‭they‬
‭spread‬‭across‬‭regions‬‭or‬‭borders.‬‭They‬‭support‬‭quarantine‬‭efforts‬‭by‬‭enabling‬‭rapid‬
‭screening‬ ‭of‬ ‭plant‬ ‭materials‬ ‭and‬ ‭detecting‬ ‭potential‬ ‭threats‬ ‭to‬ ‭agricultural‬
‭ecosystems.‬

‭1.9 BUSINESS RULE‬

‭The‬ ‭business‬ ‭rule‬ ‭is‬ ‭a‬ ‭set‬ ‭of‬ ‭guidelines‬ ‭that‬ ‭govern‬ ‭the‬ ‭way‬ ‭an‬ ‭organization‬
‭operates.‬ ‭It‬ ‭is‬ ‭important‬ ‭to‬ ‭establish‬ ‭clear‬ ‭and‬ ‭concise‬ ‭set‬ ‭of‬ ‭rules‬ ‭to‬ ‭ensure‬
‭consistency indecision-making processes across all departments .‬
‭Business‬ ‭rules‬ ‭can‬ ‭be‬ ‭categorized‬ ‭into‬ ‭two‬ ‭types‬ ‭:‬ ‭operational‬ ‭and‬ ‭strategic.‬
‭Operational‬ ‭rules‬ ‭are‬ ‭those‬ ‭that‬ ‭govern‬ ‭day-to-day‬ ‭activities,‬ ‭while‬ ‭strategic‬ ‭rules‬
‭are‬ ‭those‬ ‭that‬ ‭guide‬ ‭long-term‬ ‭goals‬ ‭and‬ ‭objectives‬ ‭.‬ ‭Both‬ ‭types‬ ‭of‬ ‭rules‬ ‭are‬
‭essential for businesses to operate efficiently and effectively.‬

‭1.9 FEASIBILITY STUDY‬

‭1.‬ ‭Market‬ ‭Analysis‬‭:‬ ‭Identify‬ ‭the‬ ‭target‬ ‭market‬ ‭for‬ ‭the‬ ‭website,‬ ‭including‬ ‭farmers,‬
‭agricultural‬ ‭professionals,‬ ‭researchers,‬ ‭and‬ ‭home‬ ‭gardeners‬ ‭and‬ ‭evaluate‬ ‭the‬
‭demand for plant disease detection services online.‬
‭2.‬ ‭Technical‬ ‭Feasibility‬‭:‬ ‭Determine‬ ‭the‬ ‭technical‬‭requirements‬‭for‬‭developing‬‭and‬
‭maintaining‬ ‭the‬ ‭website,‬‭including‬‭the‬‭necessary‬‭hardware,‬‭software,‬‭and‬‭technical‬
‭expertise.‬
‭3.‬‭Financial Feasibility‬
‭4.‬‭Legal and Regulatory Compliance‬
‭5.‬‭User‬‭Acceptance‬‭and‬‭Usability‬‭:‬‭Conduct‬‭surveys,‬‭interviews,‬‭or‬‭focus‬‭groups‬‭to‬
‭gather‬ ‭feedback‬ ‭from‬ ‭potential‬ ‭users‬ ‭about‬ ‭their‬ ‭needs,‬ ‭preferences,‬ ‭and‬
‭expectations regarding plant disease detection services.‬
‭6.‬ ‭Operational‬ ‭Feasibility‬‭:‬ ‭Assess‬ ‭the‬ ‭feasibility‬ ‭of‬ ‭integrating‬ ‭the‬ ‭website‬ ‭with‬
‭existing‬ ‭agricultural‬ ‭systems,‬ ‭such‬ ‭as‬ ‭farm‬ ‭management‬ ‭software,‬ ‭mobile‬
‭applications, or IoT devices.‬
‭7.‬ ‭Risk‬ ‭Analysis‬‭:‬ ‭Identify‬ ‭potential‬ ‭risks‬ ‭and‬ ‭uncertainties‬ ‭that‬ ‭could‬ ‭impact‬ ‭the‬
‭success‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭website,‬ ‭such‬ ‭as‬ ‭technical‬ ‭failures,‬ ‭data‬ ‭security‬ ‭breaches,‬ ‭market‬
‭competition, and changes in user preferences.‬