GENERATION OF BLACK MONEY: WAYS AND MEANS .....................................................................................................................

116
CHALLENGE OF CURBING BLACK MONEY ......................................................................................................................................... 116
MEASURES TAKEN TO CURB BLACK MONEY GENERATION AND ITS FLOW ................................................................................................. 117
RECOMMENDATION OF COMMITTEE HEADED BY CHAIRMAN OF CBDT ON BLACK MONEY ........................................................................... 118
WAY FORWARD ...................................................................................................................................................................... 119
VARIOUS SECURITY FORCES AND AGENCIES AND THEIR MANDATE ....................................................................................... 119
SECURITY FORCES DEALING WITH EXTERNAL THREATS ........................................................................................................................ 119
SECURITY FORCES DEALING WITH INTERNAL THREATS ........................................................................................................................ 120
CONTRIBUTION OF PARAMILITARY FORCES ..................................................................................................................................... 121
ISSUES OF PARAMILITARY FORCES ................................................................................................................................................ 121
MEASURES TAKEN BY GOVERNMENT ............................................................................................................................................ 122
WAY FORWARD ...................................................................................................................................................................... 122
INDIAN COAST GUARD (ICG)...................................................................................................................................................... 123
CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS: SECURITY FORCES AND AGENCIES .................................................................................................... 124
Territorial army .............................................................................................................................................................. 129
POLICE REFORMS AND MODERNIZATION ............................................................................................................................... 129
Issues With Present Functioning of Police ........................................................................................................................ 130
Various Committees For Police Reform ............................................................................................................................ 130
SMART POLICING ................................................................................................................................................................... 133
CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS: POLICE ............................................................................................................................................... 134
INDIGENIZATION AND INDIGENOUS DEVELOPMENT OF DEFENCE SECTOR ............................................................................. 136
STEPS TAKEN BY THE GOVERNMENT ............................................................................................................................................. 138
 BASICS OF INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL SECURITY
Introduction and Meaning
 Internal Security: Internal security means preservation of unity and integrity of the state maintaining law and
order and upholding sovereignty of the country within the border of the country from disruptive and anti-national
forces.
 External Security: External security refers to protecting country against threat from foreign country such as
Terrorism, War etc. This comes under the ambit of the Ministry of Defence.

IMPORTANT ASPECTS OF INTERNAL SECURITY

 Upholding the rules and laws made by the authority.
 Accepting the sovereign power of people.
 Protecting India’s national sovereignty.
 Securing the territorial integrity of India.
 Promoting India’s rise to its rightful place in international affairs.
 Ensuring a peaceful internal environment within India.
 Creating a climate for our citizens that is just, equitable, prosperous, and shields them from risks to life and
livelihood.

CLASSIFICATION OF INTERNAL SECURITY THRE ATS

1. External: Threats such as Terrorism, War with neighbouring countries, foreign intelligence activities can be
considered as external threats.
2. Internal: Threats such as Naxalism, Communal activities and violence due to it, Lone wolf attack can be
considered as internal threats.
3. Internally aided external: Support given by some extremist and separatist organisations within the country to
foreign nations to destabilise their own country.
4. Externally aided internal: Funding and support from agencies like ISI, Jaish-e Mohammed comes under this.

FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR INTERNAL SECURITY PROBLEMS IN THE CO UNTRY

 Unemployment and Poverty: Use of unemployed youth for anti-national activities such as riots, stone pelting on
armed forces.
 Unequal penetration of growth: Concentration of growth and development only in certain creates a sense of
insecurity among undeveloped states which can create tension among them.
 Widening gaps between Rich and Poor: Widening gap between rich and poor and shrinking resources for poor to
live life with dignity can create tension in society.
 Communal divide: Use of communal forces to divide the country on the basis of religion by politicians can lead to
communal violence and riots.
 Inter-State dispute: Inter-State dispute over boundary and natural resources like water can lead to violent protest
and it also harm unity and federal structure of nation.
 Separatist tendency: Some groups in North East like United Liberation front of Assam (ULFA) and Jammu and
Kashmir with separatist tendency always tries to destabilise national security.
 Increase in cast awareness and tension among castes: Tension among various castes on issues like reservation,
unequal status in society etc. can lead to law and order issues.
 Political use of ethnic, religious and sectorial identity: Use of ethnic, religious and sectorial identity for vote bank
and inculcation of insecurity and separatism is a major factor for the problem of internal security.
 Administrative and governance failure: Administrative and governance failure to resolve long pending issues like
poverty, Naxalism, Unemployment, inter-state dispute is a major problem of internal security.
 Unfriendly neighbour: Neighbour like Pakistan always tries to destabilise India internally with help of terrorist
organisations like Lashkar-e-taiba which is a major challenge for internal as well as external security.

CHALLENGES TO THE INTERNAL SECURITY OF T HE COUNTRY

 Threats due to terrorism, narcotics and drugs, small arms proliferation, voids in energy requirement and
information warfare loon large on the horizon.
o Maintenance of internal security will thus be one of the biggest challenges facing the country.

MEASURES TO STRENGTHEN THE INTERNAL SECURITY

 Stringent law against communal and hatred Propaganda: Need to curb use of diverse nature of country for
spreading hatred.
 Comprehensive policy to curb black money: Despite all the effort like the Benami transaction act, Prevention of
money laundering act issue of black money which can be used for anti-social activities still persist.
 Targeted approach for poverty reduction: Poverty and unemployment are major issues due to which youth get
attracted toward terrorist and Naxalite.
 Police Reform: Directions of supreme court in Prakash Singh case (2006) are useful in this regard. SMART policing
is way forward.
 Regulation on social media: Newly framed Information Technology (Guidelines for Intermediaries and Digital
Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021 is a forward step for it.
 Comprehensive strategy to combat Naxalism: Still prevalence of Naxalism shows more comprehensive and
inclusive strategy is needed to combat it.
 National counter terrorism centre: There is need of federal agency like National counter terrorism centre for
fighting against issue like terrorism.
 Reform in CAPF: Central armed police forces which are one of the front runners for internal security need major
reforms in deployment, training, Modernization, promotions, intelligence gathering etc.
 Border management: Use of smart fencing, infrastructure development with help of border road organisation,
use of microwave and digital communication, use of optical fibres will improve border security which has large
impact on internal security.
 National cyber security policy 2020: Faster and efficient implementation of National cyber security policy in need
to protect critical infrastructure of the country.

GOVERNMENT INITIATIVE AND POLICY MEASURES

 Unlawful activities prevention act: Recent amendment in act which further empowers government to declare
individual as terrorist on same ground as organisation and also empowers National investigation authority with
more power.
 Modernization of Police: Government of India is implementing the Assistance to States for Modernization of
Police (ASMP) scheme where efforts of the state for equipping and modernizing state police force is supplemented
by financial assistance from government of India.
 SAMADHAN Initiative: SAMADHAN stands for Smart leadership, Aggressive strategies, Motivation and training,
Actionable Intelligence, Dashboard Based KPI and KRA, Harnessing Technologies, Action plan for each theatre, and
No access to finance.
 National Policy and Action Plan 2015: It is the holistic plan developed by the government which includes
development, security, rights and entitlements of local communities in LWE affected areas.
 Infrastructure development: Various Government schemes like Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan for
education, Road connectivity project, Special infrastructure scheme, setting mobile towers are helping in the
development of the area and reducing extremism.
 Civic action programme: is helping to bridge the gap between local population and security forces. For e.g. Project
“winning heart and mind” by CRPF and BSF as they are building various schools, electricity facilities etc. Recently
when Para teachers on strike in Jharkhand CRPF 26 Bn took initiative to start teaching in school is an example
winning heart.
 NATGRID: It is an integrated database of various core security agencies to get easy access of criminal data and
crime pattern to all agency for counter terrorism purpose.
 Crime and Criminal tracking Network and System: It is an initiative under e-governance for creating a nationwide
network of Police Stations for ease in investigation and data sharing between them.
 Indian computer emergency response team (CERT-In): It is a nodal agency established by the government of India
to deal with various threats of cyber security.