ASSIGNMENT

TOPIC: SECURITY SECTOR REFORM

LECTURER: MAYJEN TNI MAR (RET.) DR. IR. SYAIFUL ANWAR, M.Bus., M.A..

GOOD GOVERNMENT, SECURITY SECTOR, REFORM AND UTILITY OF FORCE

HARNUNG INDAH PERMATASARI

NIM 120230201006

DEFENSE MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME

FACULTY OF DEFENSE MANAGEMENT
INDONESIAN DEFENSE UNIVERSITY
JAKARTA
2023

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1. According to liberalists, state should concentrate on making policy
decisions rather than on delivering services, and state should withdraw
from direct delivery of services. Do you agree with the view? Explain your
answer!
The concept of Liberalism believes that the state is better off only as a
policy maker and not in the realm of providing services for society. The
government continues to intervene in community affairs, but only as a
framework, but in practice it supports individual freedom by providing access to
private parties to manage community services.
In this perspective, the state plays a greater role as a regulator and
policy maker to ensure justice and protection of human rights, while operational
functions are handed over to a more decentralized sector.
In their liberalist view, they assume that implementation in private hands
makes society more developed, creative and has high competitiveness. With
private and market initiatives this can also make the system more efficient in
meeting community needs. So that competition between business actors
occurs, it will encourage efficiency, innovation and improvement in service
quality.
This understanding assumes that if services are handled by the
government, the bureaucracy will be slow, less efficient and vulnerable to
corruption. By limiting the government's role to policy making and regulation,
they hope the market will produce solutions that are more responsive to
society's needs.
Furthermore, for my personal view, I feel that this understanding is very
good and can make the country more developed. With healthy competition,
facilities will be better and people will feel more satisfied. However, in my
opinion, liberalism cannot be applied 100% in its entirety. In my opinion, there
are several service sectors that still need government intervention, such as the
health and education sectors.
Judging from existing data, especially in Indonesia, there is still a gap
between the rich and the poor. Therefore, there is a need for government
intervention so that services can be distributed properly. So the government
plays a role in policy making, law enforcement, economic regulation, human
rights protection, basic infrastructure development
2. In your opinion, what is the significance of institutions that need to be
studied and understood by intellectuals, including intellectuals in the field
of defense? Explain your opinion!

In my opinion, as an intellectual agent, all institutions need to be studied

because each institution has different functions. Be it in the fields of
government, education, health, finance, law, community self-help, economics,
religion, etc. However, if you focus on the defense sector, there are areas that
can be focused more. The first is government institutions. Defense intellectual
agents must know existing government processes, how they work, and who
plays a role. Because maintaining national defense will definitely be in contact
with policy makers and the political system.
Furthermore, the institution related to defense is the law of justice. The
many problems in this field mean that defense intellectuals must know about
the law and how to respond to it. This is also related to conflict, community
welfare, community security and human rights.
Meanwhile, the topics that must be studied in the field of national
defense strategy discuss things such as military, intelligence and national
security. Furthermore, about the threats and risks faced by the country, such as
terrorism and radicalism. Furthermore, it is also necessary to study security and
crisis planning to design a plan that is responsive and effective. This includes
the role of the military and coordination with intelligence. Then it is also
necessary to learn about defense policy making so that it can contribute to
policy formulation in accordance with the threats faced. It is also necessary to
understand technology because currently the need for technology and
innovation is very high following developments over time such as the
development of sophisticated military technology. Lastly, there is a need to
understand international issues because we cannot live alone and there are
many threats from foreign countries.
3. In your opinion, what are the benefits that will be obtained by countries if
they carry out security sector reform? Explain your opinion!
Security reform is a series of changes and restructuring in a country's
security sector. The aim of security reform is to increase the effectiveness,
transparency and accountability of security institutions. This is applied in the
military, police and intelligence agencies. This is certainly very important
because nowadays times are developing so that societal conditions are also
changing so that security regulations and implementation must also change.
Security reforms will make the country's travel process better. In its
implementation there are security reform principles such as the civilian
government having supervision and control over security policies and
operations, paying attention to human rights, increasing accountability and
transparency in security operations by providing clear information to the public.
Apart from that, there must be decentralization and local supervision, involving
community participation, and increasing professionalization
Furthermore, military reform has the definite benefit of increasing the
effectiveness, responsiveness and accountability of security institutions.
Following are the benefits:
● Creating internal stability and security. This can reduce the risk of conflict
and provide domestic security stability so that the environment is
conducive to economic growth and social development
● Defense against external threats. With a better system of military,
intelligence and national security capabilities
● Increase public trust. With transparency, the public will have more trust
in the government and security institutions so that public participation will
also increase.
● Prevention of conflict and terrorism. With security reform intelligence
analysis has become more thorough, monitoring of radical group
activities, and effective coordination between security institutions have
become better
● Accelerate development. A safe and stable environment supports
economic growth. Investment will increase if security can be guaranteed
These benefits can help create a more solid foundation for the country's
security and sustainable development.
4. In your opinion, what are the important issues and concerns of the
Indonesian people related to national security in Indonesia? Explain your
opinion!
National security is a broad scope so there are also many important
issues in this topic. In this discussion I will discuss just a few of the most
dominant ones.
● Geopolitical
This problem is quite crucial because Indonesia is an archipelagic
country so it is vulnerable to intervention by foreign interests. Apart from
that, Indonesia is also in a strategic position so that many foreign
countries pass through it. Apart from that, Indonesia's position in the
tropical region also makes Indonesia rich in natural resources which
could become a potential conflict because other countries want to control
its resources. Because this archipelagic country makes Indonesia's
borders very wide, there are many threats that could occur. These
threats include theft of resources in Indonesian seas, smuggling of illegal
goods, entry of foreign ships, entry of international crimes, border issues,
etc. Apart from that, being an archipelagic country also makes it difficult
to access between islands so it will usually be higher in areas far from
the capital city. This could also lead to inequality in development, which
in the end would create dissatisfaction among the public which could
threaten national defense as well. Apart from that, Indonesia's position
also makes Indonesia vulnerable to disasters, so good disaster
management is needed.
● Ethnic
Still for the same reason, because Indonesia is an archipelagic
country, Indonesia has many ethnic groups. This is good because it
makes Indonesia rich in culture, but this also sometimes becomes a
threat. because each region has a different understanding and way of
thinking so it is more difficult to unite. This can lead to ethnic conflict if
not managed well. Apart from that, problems are sometimes also
involved, for example identity politics, which is based on ethnicity or
religion, can be exploited by parties who want to manipulate public
opinion and create political tension. Furthermore, this can also cause
some extremist groups to take advantage of ethnic differences to gather
support or recruit members.
● Cyber
From Prof Banyu's lecture explanation last week, he explained
that Indonesia was one of the countries targeted in cyber attacks.
Technological progress is indeed good but of course it also has risks.
Almost all Indonesian people use the internet today, as well as in
government and state administration processes so that data will be
easier to access and carry out cyber attacks. Currently, privacy is a
crucial thing that must be considered.