TRANSCRIPTION PROCESS

(DNA to RNA)
Steps of Transcription
Step 1: Initiation. Initiation is the
beginning of transcription. ...
Step 2: Elongation. Elongation is the
addition of nucleotides to the mRNA
strand. ...
Step 3: Termination. Termination is the
ending of transcription, and occurs when
RNA polymerase crosses a stop
(termination) sequence in the gene.
Step1. RNA polymerase enzyme binds and opens the
DNA molecule that will be transcribed.
Step2. As the DNA molecule opens,the RNA polymerase
slides along the DNA strand and links free RNA
nucleotides that pair with the nitrogenous bases of the
complementary DNA strand. If the sequence of bases on
the DNA strand were CCG TTA CAT, the sequence of
bases on the RNA would be? _______
Step3. When the process of base-pairing is completed,the
RNA molecule breaks away as the DNA strands
rejoin.The RNA leaves the nucleus and goes to the
cytoplasm.

(RNA to Protein)
 Steps in Translation Process
Step1. As translation begins,mRNA binds to
ribosome.Then, tRNA molecules,each carrying a specific
amino acids,approach the ribosome. The tRNA anticodon
pairs with the first mRNA (start) codon (AUG),to form
the initiation complex.
Step2. Usually the first codon on mRNA is AUG,which
codes for the amino acid Methionine. AUG signals the
start of protein synthesis. Then, the ribosome slides along
the mRNA to the next codon.
Step3. A new tRNA molecule carrying an amino acid
pairs with the second mRNA codon.
Step4. When the first and second amino acids are in
place, an enzyme joins them by forming a peptide bond
between them.
Step5. As the process continues, a chain of amino acids is
formed until a ribosome reaches a stop
codon( UAA,UAG,UGA) on the mRNA strand. The
polypeptide chain is released. Protein synthesis is
complete.