Statement of Cash Flows

Cash receipts may come from:

(1) cash sales to customers
(2) collection of customer accounts
(3) loans and other borrowings
(4) owner’s contributions.
On the other hand, cash disbursements maybe for payments of:
(1) business expenses,
(2) purchases of inventories and other assets
(3) liabilities to creditors,
(4) dividends to owners.

The Statement of Cash Flow (SCF) is the financial statement that explains the
net change in cash for the year. Like the Statement of Comprehensive Income and
the Statement of Changes in Equity, the Statement of Cash Flow is dated “for the year
ended.” The statement shows the transactions for the year that reconciles the
beginning balance of cash to its year-end balance. The report is presented base on the
three major activities of the business:

Sections of the Statement of Cash Flow

The SCF reports cash flow transactions during the year classified by
operating, investing and financing activities.
Operating activities are related to the main revenue-producing activities of the
business.
Investing activities are cash transactions related to the acquisition and disposal
of long-term assets such as property, plant and equipment, and intangible assets.
Financing activities are cash transactions with equity owners and creditors.

Operating Activities
Cash flows from operations reveals the present ability of the company to
generate cash from its operations. Positive cash flows from operations suggests that
there is excess cash that can be used to purchase long-term assets, pay debts or
distribute to owners.
The following are examples of cash flow transactions reported under operating
activities:
a. Cash received from customers (cash receipts from sale of goods and rendering of
services) (+)
b. Cash received from fees, commissions and other income (+)
c. Cash payments to suppliers (-)
d. Cash payments to employees (-)
e. Cash payments for other operating expenses (-)
f. Interest payments (-)
g. Interest received (+)
h. Dividends received (+)

The indirect method, however presents the operating activities starting with
the pre-tax income. It then reconciles the pre-tax income for non-cash income and
expenditures.
Investing Activities
Cash flows from investing activities is the second section in the SCF.
Reported within this classification are cash used for acquisition of property, plant
and equipment, intangible assets, and other long-term assets as well as cash
proceeds from the disposals of such long-term assets. Cash flows from investing
activities hints on the company’s ability to generate cash in the future. A negative cash
flows from investing activities implies that the company used cash to acquire long-term
assets intended to generate cash and revenue in the future. On the other hand, a
positive cash flow from investing activities may indicate that the company is divesting or
downsizing.
The following are examples of cash flow transactions reported under investing
activities:
a. Cash payments to acquire property, plant and equipment, intangibles and other
long-term assets (-)
b. Cash receipts from sale of property, plant and equipment, intangibles and other
long-term assets. (+)
c. Cash loans made to other parties (long-term note receivable (-)
d. Cash collection on long-term note receivable. (+)
Financing Activities
The last section of the SCF is cash flow from financing activities. This
section reports cash received and cash paid to equity owners and long-term
creditors.
Below are examples of cash flow transactions under financing activities:
a. Cash received from issuing common shares (or capital contribution from owners) (+)
b. Cash received from issuing notes or getting a long-term loan from a bank (+)
c. Cash dividends distributed to shareholders (-)
d. Cash withdrawals of owners (-)
e. Cash payment for principal of long-term loan (-)

Decision Rule in Determining Classification of Cash Transactions

● Operating activities – items that will affect net income or profit or loss

● Investing activities – items affecting non-current assets

● Financing activities – items affecting non-current liabilities and equity