ELECTRIC L TOOLS ND EQUIPMENTS

The following are common electrical tools and equipment needed in the installation of electrical wiring.
1. SCREWDRIVERS.
These tools are made of steel hardened and tempered at the tip used to loosen or tighten screws
with slotted heads. They come in various sizes and shapes.
• Philips Screwdriver.
This has a cross tip resembling a positive(+) sign. This is used to drive screws with cross
slot heads.
Standard/Flat Screwdriver.
The blade tip is wedge-shaped and resembles a negative (-) sign. This is used to drive screws
with asingle slot head.
stubby Screwdriver.
• This comes in either Standard or Philips crew driver with short shank or blade and
a shorted handle usedt o turn screws in tight spaces where a standard screw driver cannot
be used
Allen Screwdriver/Wrench.
• This could be in the shape of a screw driver or a wrench. Its function is to drive screws
with hexagonal slot heads
2. Pliers:
These tools are made from metal with insulators in the handle and areused for cutting, twisting,
bending, holding, and gripping wires and cables
• combination Pliers (Lineman’s Pliers).
This is used for gripping,holding, and cutting electrical wires and cables and even small
nails.They are usually used by linemen in doing heavyB.
.
Side Cutting Pliers.
• This type of pliers is used for cutting fine,medium, and big wires and cables.C.

Long Nose Pliers.

• This is used for cutting and holding fine wires. This can reach tight spaces or small
openings where other pliers cannot reachand is also used in making terminal loops of
copper wires

3. Wire strippers; This is a tool used for removing insulation of medium-sized wires ranging
from gauge #10 to gauge #16.
4. Driving equipments: is needed to make holes in building structure for passage ofwires
and conduit in both new and old installation, indoor or outdoor wiring.Common types of
drilling tools and equipments are: Electric drill, Auger brace, hand drill, ( drills incude
Gimlet, masonry bits)
5. Electricians knife: his is used by linemen to remove insulation of wire andcables in low
and high voltage transmission lines.
6. Hack saw: used for cutting metal conduit and armored cables.
 7. Hammers: These are tools used in driving or pounding and pulling out nails. They are
made of hard steel, wood, plastic, or rubber. The following are types of hammers eg.
Claw hammer, ball pin hammer, Mallet (plastic/wood/rubber)
8. Measuring tools and instruments. The electrician uses the following measuring tools
tomeasure value of voltage, current and resistance, wire length, opening sizes of
wire,conduit and other items. Eg Metric rule, wire gauge, veneer caliper,Multi tester,
voltmeter, ammeter, megger, phase sequence tester, high voltage tester

ELECTRICAL SUPPLIES AND MATERIALS

Electrical materials are developed and constructed for a special purpose such as to:
1. control the flow of current in an electrical circuit;
2. carry electrical current from the source to the load or current consuming apparatus;
3. hold and secure wires to its fixtures inside and outside houses and buildings; and
4. protect houses, buildings, appliances, and instruments from destruction and damage

The following are the most commonly used electrical materials

Electrical materials are the different parts that help to make an electrical project successful.
Switch. This is an electrical device that helps to connect and disconnect the flow of electricity in
a circuit. When the flow of electricity is connected, you see the light glowing and there is no
light when the flow of electricity is disconnected.

Fuse: It is that device that prevents short-circuiting in your house by blowing automatically and
cutting the current when there is an electric overload. Modern fuses don’t blow automatically.
They simply cut the current down when the flow of electricity is too high or too low.

Junction box: An octagonal shaped electrical material where the connections or joints of wires
are being done.

Utility box: A rectangular shaped metallic or plastic (PVC) material in which the flush type
convenience outlet and switch are attached.

Flat cord: A duplex stranded wire used for temporary wiring installation and commonly used in
extension cord assembly.

Convenience outlet: It is a rectangular device with multiple plugging options. This is a

convenience outlet that provides electricity to several appliances at the same time. In fact, this is
one of those places where you can insert a male plug. You will get several types of convenience
outlet depending on the number of appliances you want to connect.

Circuit breaker: Protective device used to automatically blow and cut the current when there is
trouble in the circuit such as overloads or short circuits.

Male plug: Have you seen those plug-like structures that are inserted into a convenience outlet
in order to conduct electricity? These are known as male plugs. There is a flat cord that is
attached to one end and on the other end, there is an appliance or a current consuming
instrument.

Circuit breaker: Another version of the fuse is the circuit breaker. This will also cut down the
flow of electricity whenever there is an overload or there are chances of a short circuit.

Electrical wires and conductors: These are the paths through which electricity passes from one
point to the other. There are two types of wires that are used these days:

1. The stranded wire: which is made of multiple strands joined together to make a single
wire.
2. Solid wire: is made of a single strand of copper or aluminum. They are used in wiring
installation inside and outside and outside the building.

Conduit pipes: Electrical materials used as the passage of wires for protection and insulation.
These could be rigid metallic, flexible metallic conduit (FMC), Rigid non-metallic (PVC), and
flexible non-metallic or corrugated plastic conduit (CPC)
Clamps: Electrical materials used to hold and anchor electrical conduits to their proper position.
Connectors: Used to attach metallic or non-metallic conduit to the junction or utility boxes.
 SAFETY REGULATION IN ELECTRICAL WORK SHOP.
• prevent all potential contact with live electrical current.
• ensure safe use of electrical equipment
 • install proper physical barriers around electrical hazards
• beware of conductive tools and cleaning materials
• when working overhead, look above for electrical lines
• use extreme caution with flammable materials
• only qualified personnel should work on live electrical wires
• always follow your company’s electrical safety work practices

• electrical shock can be deadly

1. Keep electrical equipment away from water

Keep water and other liquids at least 5 feet away from electrical equipment and sources of
electricity. It is recommended to install Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters (GFCIs) which help
prevent electrical incidents like electrical shock, ground faults, fires, overheating, and the
destruction of wire insulation.

2. Unplug equipment safely

When disconnecting electrical equipment, gently pull it by the plug instead of jerking the
electrical cord. Pulling by the cord can damage the electrical cable and cause a shock.

3. Install properly and tidy electrical cords

Good electrical installation consists of fixed electrical equipment and electrical cords out of the
way (and out of reach of pets that can chew on them).

4. Familiarize yourself with your switchboard

A switchboard is an electrical safety device that protects and isolates the operator from electrical
current. It controls the flow of electricity by dividing, distributing, and metering electrical power
to different parts and devices. To ensure best performance and safety, electrical power entering
the switchboard must resemble the amount of power it distributes. Otherwise, it can cause
overheating and lead to electrical fire.

5. Look out for electrical lines

Be aware of power lines before climbing a tree or a ladder, and especially when working at
height.

6. Childproof your outlets

Use outlet covers when there are children around to avoid electrocution.

7. Investigate flickering lights

Have flickering lights checked and fixed, as it can be caused by loose connections somewhere or
the bulb itself needs to be secured or replaced.

8. Install warning signs

Use clear visible signs when there’s high voltage in the vicinity that people need to be warned
about.

9. Don’t DIY

Instead of fixing issues, most DIYs (Do It Yourself) can cause further damage. Should any
electrical issues arise, it is always best to have an expert handle it.

10.Call for help.

In case of an emergency, don’t hesitate to call the emergency services who will talk you through
how to safely assist in the situation until help arrives.
ACCIDENTS IN THE WORKSHOP INCLUDES:

• Different injuries.
• Fractures.
• Burns.
• Electric shocks.

FIRE ALARM SYSTEM

Fire alarm system is a building system designed to detect and alert occupants and emergency
forces of the presence of smoke, fire, carbon monoxide, or other fire-related emergencies.

Fire alarm systems are required in most commercial buildings. They may include smoke
detectors, heat detectors, and manual fire alarm activation devices, all of which are connected to
a Fire Alarm Control Panel (FACP) normally found in an electrical room or panel room. Fire
alarm systems generally use visual and audio signalization to warn the occupants of the building.
Some fire alarm systems may also disable elevators, which under most circumstances, are unsafe
to use during a fire.