PRACTICUM REPORT

ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY
TOPIC
ANALYSIS OF MANGANESE AND
CHLORIDE CONTENT IN THE WATER
Complied by:
Nama : Gabriella Mahanaim Nababan
NIM : 225100907111062
Kelompok : ME4
Asisten :
Abiyyu Rizky Adita Normalitasari

Alhamdra Andika S Alifia Rossa A

Aryanti Fitriyah Fadlilah Ayu Maharani

Fahildha Zulfa Galuh Egalita Adliya

Ian Damian S Kana Nawafila Rizki K

Khalista Nayla Muhamad Fakhri R

Nabila Al-Fathikasari Reyvanna Nadira

Tjokorda Istri Mahagita

LABORATORIUM PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH

FAKULTAS TEKNOLOGI PERTANIAN
UNIVERSITAS BRAWIJAYA
MALANG
2023
 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background
Manganese and chloride are two important parameters in water quality analysis.
Manganese is a naturally occurring element that can be found in rocks, soil, water and air. It is
commonly used in steel production, batteries, and as a pigment in paints. In drinking water,
manganese levels above the recommended limit can cause discoloration and an unpleasant
taste. Chronic exposure to high levels of manganese has been linked to neurological effects.
Chloride is a chemical compound that is commonly found in water, especially in coastal areas.
It is also used as a disinfectant in swimming pools and water treatment plants. High levels of
chloride in drinking water can cause a salty taste and can have a laxative effect on the digestive
system. Chloride can also react with other chemicals in the water to form harmful compounds.
The analysis of manganese and chloride in water is important to ensure that the water is
safe for human consumption and meets regulatory standards. The methods used for analyzing
these parameters can vary depending on the type of water being tested and the desired level
of accuracy. Common methods include spectrophotometry, ion chromatography, and atomic
absorption spectroscopy. Accurate and reliable analysis of manganese and chloride in water
is crucial for public health and safety. Regular monitoring of water quality can help identify
potential issues and prevent health problems associated with exposure to these compounds.

1.2 Objectives
1. To be able to perform analysis of manganese parameter (Mn) with spectrophotometry
and chloride parameter (Cl-) with titration of water samples
2. To determine the concentrations of manganese (Mn) and chloride (Cl- ) of water
samples
3. To compare the concentrations of manganese (Mn) and chloride (Cl-) analyzed with
the quality standards
 CHAPTER II
LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Definition of Heavy Metals Contamination and the Sources of the Contaminant
Heavy metal contamination refers to the presence of toxic metals in the environment at
levels that can pose a risk to human health and the environment. Heavy metals are naturally
occurring elements with high atomic weights and densities, including lead, cadmium, mercury,
arsenic, chromium, and nickel. These metals are persistent in the environment and can
accumulate in living organisms, leading to adverse health effects. There are numerous sources
of heavy metal contamination, including natural sources such as volcanic eruptions and
weathering of rocks, as well as human activities. Human activities that contribute to heavy
metal contamination include industrial processes, mining, smelting, and the use of pesticides
and fertilizers in agriculture. Other sources of heavy metals include vehicle emissions, waste
disposal sites, and wastewater discharges (Adhani dan Husaini, 2017).
Industrial activities such as mining and smelting are among the main sources of heavy
metal contamination. These activities release large quantities of metals into the air and water,
which can then spread to surrounding areas. Agricultural practices such as the use of fertilizers
and pesticides can also contribute to heavy metal contamination of soil and water. In addition,
improper disposal of electronic waste, batteries, and other products containing heavy metals
can lead to contamination of the environment. Heavy metal contamination is a serious concern
due to the potential health effects associated with exposure to these toxic substances. Long-
term exposure to heavy metals can lead to a range of health problems, including damage to
the nervous system, kidney damage, and cancer. It is important to identify and address sources
of heavy metal contamination to protect human health and the environment (Inamuddin et al.,
2021).

2.2 Contaminants and Their Characteristics

2.2.1 Manganese
Manganese contamination refers to the presence of excessive amounts of
manganese in the environment, typically in soil, water, or air. Manganese is a naturally
occurring element that is commonly found in rocks, soil, and water. While manganese is
an essential nutrient for humans in small amounts, high levels of manganese exposure
can be toxic and lead to adverse health effects. Sources of manganese contamination
include industrial activities such as mining, smelting, and steel production. In addition,
agricultural practices such as the use of fertilizers and pesticides can contribute to
manganese contamination of soil and water. Manganese is also present in some drinking
water sources, and high levels of manganese in drinking water can lead to health problems
(Hamdani 2014).
Manganese is a chemical element with the symbol Mn and atomic number 25. It is a
silvery-gray metal with a pinkish tint, and it is a relatively hard and brittle material.
Manganese has several important properties, including Chemical Reactivity which
Manganese is a moderately reactive element and readily forms compounds with a variety
of other elements, including oxygen, sulfur, and halogens, Oxidation States mean
Manganese has multiple oxidation states, ranging from -3 to +7. This makes it a versatile
element in a variety of chemical reactions, Magnetic Properties means Manganese is a
ferromagnetic metal, meaning it is strongly attracted to magnets. It has the ability to form
alloys with other magnetic metals, such as iron. Industrial Applications, Manganese is
used in a variety of industrial applications, including steel production, batteries, and
pigments. It is also used as an alloying agent in aluminum and copper alloys and
Environmental Concerns, While manganese is an essential nutrient in small amounts,
 excessive exposure to manganese can be toxic and lead to neurological effects, including
Parkinson's-like symptoms. Overall, manganese is a versatile and important element with
a wide range of properties and applications. However, it is important to monitor levels of
manganese in the environment and ensure that exposure is kept within safe limits to
prevent adverse health effects (Idrus et al., 2013).

2.2.2 Chlorine and Chloride

Chlorine is a highly reactive, yellowish-green gas with a pungent odor. It is commonly
used as a disinfectant in water treatment, as well as in the production of plastics,
pesticides, and other chemicals. Chlorine gas can be toxic and can cause respiratory
problems if inhaled at high concentrations. Chlorine is also a potent oxidizing agent and
can react with organic matter to form potentially harmful byproducts, such as
trihalomethanes (Rosita et al., 2016).
Chloride, on the other hand, is a chlorine anion, meaning it is a negatively charged ion
that is formed when chlorine gains electrons. Chloride is commonly found in nature as a
component of salt, and is an essential nutrient for humans and animals. Chloride is also
used in a variety of industrial processes, including the production of chemicals, textiles,
and paper (Hamdani, 2014).

2.3 The Effect of Manganese and Chloride Contamination in Water

Manganese contamination in drinking water can lead to a variety of health problems,
especially with long-term exposure to high levels. Neurological effects, such as tremors and
Parkinson's-like symptoms, have been associated with chronic manganese exposure. Other
health effects include respiratory problems, cardiovascular disease, and developmental
problems in children. In addition, manganese in drinking water can cause aesthetic problems,
such as discoloration, taste, and odor issues (Inamuddin et al., 2021)
Chloride contamination in water can also have adverse effects. High levels of chloride can
contribute to the corrosion of pipes and infrastructure, leading to increased maintenance costs
and potential water leaks. In addition, chloride can contribute to the salinization of freshwater
sources, making it difficult to use the water for drinking, agriculture, and other purposes.
Excessive levels of chloride in drinking water can also have health effects, although these are
generally less severe than those associated with manganese exposure. High levels of chloride
can cause taste and odor problems in drinking water and can lead to gastrointestinal issues,
such as diarrhea and vomiting, in sensitive individuals (Idrus et al., 2013).

2.4 Contaminant Quality Standards for Domestic and Drinking Water

2.4.1 Manganese Quality Standards
In Indonesia, Regulation of the Minister of Health No. 492/Menkes/Per/IV/2010
stipulates the quality standards for household and drinking water, including the maximum
permissible concentration of manganese. According to this regulation, the maximum allowable
concentration of manganese in drinking water in Indonesia is 0.4 mg/L. This is a more lenient
standard than that set by some other countries, such as the United States and some European
countries, which have set lower limits for manganese in drinking water (Rusydi et al., 2021).
It is important to note, however, that this standard is not necessarily a safe level for all
populations, as some individuals may be more sensitive to exposure to manganese than
others. In addition, exposure to other contaminants in drinking water may also affect the overall
health risks associated with exposure to manganese. To ensure safe drinking water in
Indonesia, it is recommended that monitoring and testing of water sources be carried out
regularly, and appropriate treatment measures are implemented as needed to reduce levels
of contaminants, including manganese, to safe levels. It is also important for individuals to take
steps to protect their own health by using proper water treatment methods and following safe
water consumption practices (Musfirah dan Rangkuti., 2018).

2.4.2 Chloride Quality Standards

In Indonesia, the Ministry of Health Regulation No. 492/Menkes/Per/IV/2010 sets
the quality standards for domestic water, including the maximum allowable concentration
of chloride. According to this regulation, the maximum allowable concentration of chloride
in domestic water in Indonesia is 250 mg/L. This standard is consistent with the World
Health Organization's (WHO) guideline value for chloride in drinking water, which is also
set at 250 mg/L (Rusydi et al., 2021).
It is important to note, however, that chloride levels in drinking water can vary
depending on the source and treatment of the water, as well as local environmental
factors. In some cases, high levels of chloride in drinking water may contribute to corrosion
of pipes and infrastructure, as well as taste and odor issues. To ensure safe drinking water
in Indonesia, it is recommended that regular monitoring and testing of water sources be
conducted, and appropriate treatment measures be implemented as needed to reduce
levels of contaminants, including chloride, to safe levels. It is also important for individuals
to take steps to protect their own health by using appropriate water treatment methods
and following safe water consumption practices (usfirah dan Rangkuti, 2018).

2.5 Analytical Methods

2.5.1 Spectrophotometry
Spectrophotometry is a widely used analytical method for the determination of
contaminants in water. The basic principle of spectrophotometry is based on the interaction
between light and matter, where the absorption or transmission of light by a sample can be
used to determine the concentration of a specific compounds. In the case of contaminants
analysis in water, spectrophotometry can be used to measure the amount of contaminants
present in the sample by measuring the absorbance of light at a specific wavelength
(Attahdaniel et al., 2013).
Some common spectrophotometric methods used for contaminants analysis in water
include, UV-Visible Spectrophotometry, This method is commonly used for the analysis of
organic contaminants such as pesticides, herbicides, and some industrial chemicals. These
compounds absorb light in the UV-Visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum, allowing
for their quantitative determination using a spectrophotometer and Colorimetric methods,
Colorimetric methods are often used for the determination of inorganic contaminants in
water, such as heavy metals and anions. These methods involve the reaction of the
contaminant with a reagent that produces a color change, which can be measured using a
spectrophotometer. The intensity of the color change is proportional to the concentration of
the contaminant, allowing for quantitative analysis (Chandra dan Irwan, 2018)

2.5.2 Argentometry Titration

Argentometry titration is a common analytical method used for the determination of
chloride ions in water. The method involves the addition of a silver nitrate solution to a
water sample containing chloride ions, causing the formation of a silver chloride
precipitate. The endpoint of the titration is determined by the complete reaction of all the
chloride ions with the silver ions (Attahdaniel et al., 2013).
There are two main types of argentometry titration methods. First mohr method, In this
method, a silver nitrate solution is added to the water sample containing chloride ions in
the presence of a chromate indicator. The silver ions react with the chloride ions to form a
silver chloride precipitate, and the endpoint is determined by the formation of a reddish-
brown color indicating the excess silver ions reacting with the chromate indicator. And
another one is Volhard method, In this method, a silver nitrate solution is added to the
water sample containing chloride ions, along with the addition of a small amount of
potassium chromate as an indicator. After the addition of excess silver ions, the remaining
silver ions react with the added potassium iodide to form a silver iodide precipitate. The
endpoint of the titration is determined by the formation of a reddish-brown color indicating
the excess silver ions reacting with the chromate indicator (Shukla dan Arya, 2018).

CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY

3.1 Tools, Materials, and Functions

No Tools/Materials Pictures Functions
1. Beaker Glass Sebagai wadah
larutan atau sampel
yang akan diuji

Gambar 3.1 Beaker Glass

Sumber: Dokumentasi
Pribadi, 2023
2. Aquades Sebagai Blanko dan
cairan penetralisir/
pembersih

Gambar 3.2 Aquades

Sumber: Dokumentasi
Pribadi, 2023
3. AgNO3 0,0095 N Sebagai Titran
(Klorida)

Gambar 3.3 AgNO3

0,0095 N
Sumber: Dokumentasi
Pribadi, 2023
4. Buffer Powder Sebagai larutan
Pillows citrate type Penyangga

Gambar 3.4 Buffer

Powder
Sumber: Dokumentasi
Pribadi, 2023
5. Burrete Sebagai alat
menampung titran

Gambar 3.5 Burrete

Sumber: Dokumentasi
Pribadi, 2023
6. DR 900 Pengukur absorbansi
suatu sampel

Gambar 3.6 DR 900

Sumber: Dokumentasi
Pribadi, 2023
7. Erlenmeyer flask Wadah melarutkan
larutan atau sample

Gambar 3.7 Erlenmeyer

flask
Sumber: Dokumentasi
Pribadi, 2023
8. K2CrO4 5% Sebagai Indikator
Warna (Klorida)

Gambar 3.8 K2CrO4 5%

Sumber: Dokumentasi
Pribadi, 2023
9. Measuring Cylinder Sebagai alat ukur
daari larutan atau
sample yang akan
diuji

Gambar 3.9 Measuring

Cylinder
Sumber: Dokumentasi
Pribadi, 2023
10. Measuring Pipette Untuk mengambil
larutan dengan
volume tertentu

Gambar 3.10 Measuring

Pipette
Sumber: Dokumentasi
Pribadi, 2023
11. Sampel cell plastic Sebagai wadah untuk
memasukan cairan
yang akan diuji ke
dalam DR900

Gambar 3.11 Sample Cell

Plastic
Sumber: Dokumentasi
Pribadi, 2023
12. Sodium Periodate Indikator Mangan
Powder Pillows

Gambar 3.12 Sodium

Periodate
Sumber: Dokumentasi
Pribadi, 2023
13. Water Sample Sebagai bahan uji
praktikum

Gambar 3.13 Water

Sample
Sumber: Dokumentasi
Pribadi, 2023
14. Stative Sebagi penyangga
buret

Gambar 3.14 Stative

Sumber: Dokumentasi
Pribadi, 2023
3.2 Methods and Procedures
3.2.1 Analysis of Manganese Concertation

Preparasi Larutan Sampel dan Blanko

Siapkan alat dan bahan

Sampel air sebanyak 10 ml dimasukkan ke dalam sample cell plastik

Tambahkan buffer powder pillows citrate type dan homogenkan

Tambahkan sodium periodate powder pillows dan homogenkan

Warna violet akan muncul jika sampel mengandung mangan (Mn)

Pilih 295 Manganese HR pada menu Favorites/User Programs, tekan tombol Start

Timer selama 2 menit dan siapkan larutan blanko

Hasil

Kalibrasi dan Pengujian Mangan

Siapkan alat dan bahan

Bersihkan sample cell larutan blanko dengan tisu dan masukkan ke dalam cell holder
 Tekan tombol zero dan tunggu display menunjukkan 0.0 mb/L Mn

Ambil larutan blanko dan masukkan sampel

Pengujian sampel dalam rentang 8 menit setelah Timer 2 menit selesai

Tekan tombol Read

Hasil

3.2.2 Analysis of Chloride Concertation

Siapkan alat dan bahan

Ambil 25 ml sampel dengan pipet volume dan masukkan kedalam erlenmeyer 250 ml

Uji nilai pH sampel, apabila hasilnya tidak berada pada rentang 7-10

Tambahkan H2SO4 1 N atau NaOH 1 N sampai berubah ke rentang 7-10

Pindahkan ke labu erlenmeyer 250 mL

Hasil
• Analisis Kadar Klorida dengan Titrasi Argentometri Metode Mohr (Titrasi
1)

Siapkan alat dan bahan

Tambahkan 0,5 mL indikator K2CrO4 5% ke dalam

sampel yang telah disiapkan sebelumnya

Lakukan titrasi dengan AgNO3 0,0095 N sampai sampel

berubah warna ke kuning kemerah-merahan
dan dicatat volume titran yang digunakan

Hasil
• Titrasi Larutan Blanko (Titrasi 2)

Siapkan alat dan bahan

Tambahkan 0,5 mL indikator K2CrO4 5% ke dalam sampel blanko (aquades)

Lakukan titrasi dengan AgNO3 0,0095 N

Gunakan titrasi larutan blanko sebagai perbandingan

Hasil
 CHAPTER IV
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Practicum Results

Tabel Data Hasil Praktikum Uji Kadar Mangan (Mn) dalam Air
Jenis Air Sampel Kadar Mn (mg/L)

Air Sumur 4.8 mg/L

Tabel Data Hasil Praktikum Uji Kadar Klorida (Cl-) dalam Air
Jenis Air Sampel :

Volume Titran (mg/L) Kadar Klorida dalam

Air Sampel (mg/L)
Air Sampel Blanko

Air Sumur Aquades 0.129504 mg/L

Perhitungan
(𝐴−𝐵)×𝑁 ×35,5
[Cl-] (mg/L) = 𝑉

(10.3−0.7)×0.0095 ×35.5
[Cl-] (mg/L) = 25
= 0.129504 mg/L

Keterangan:
A = volume AgNO3 sebagai titran sampel (mL)
B = volume AgNO3 sebagai titran blanko (mL)
N = normalitas AgNO3 (N)
V = volume sampel (mL)
*Normalitas AgNO3 = 0,0095 N
4.2 Procedure Analysis
4.2.1 Analysis of Manganese Concertation
In testing the manganese concentration, the first step is to prepare the tools and
materials, then 10 ml of water sample is put into the plastic sample cell. Then the sample air
was added with citrate type buffer powder and homogenized, then added sodium periodate
and homogenized slowly. Next, add sodium periodate powder and homogenize again. After
homogenization, if the sample contains manganese, the color will change to violet. Then the
absorbance of the sample solution is measured using DR 900, then wait for 2 minutes and the
results will be obtained.

4.2.2 Analysis of Chloride Concertation.

In testing chloride levels, the first step that must be taken is to prepare tools and materials.
Then take 25 ml of the sample solution and put it in a 250 ml Erlenmeyer. Then test the
sample's PH value and make sure the sample's PH is in the range of 7-10. If the sample is not
in this range add H2SO4 or NAOH so that the PH is in the range of 7-10. Then transfer it to a
250 ml Erlenmeer flask and measure the chloride content using the argentometric method by
adding 5% K2CrO4 indicator to the sample. Then do the titration until the color of the solution
changes to a reddish yellow color and record the volume of the titrant and then the results are
obtained.

4.3 Analysis of Practicum Results

4.3.1 Analysis of Manganese Concertation
Based on practicum data, the manganese content test from the sample used,
namely well water, was 4.8 mg. From the results above, it can be stated that the levels
of manganese in well water are already dangerous because they exceed the quality
standard values regulated in ministry regulations. Where in the regulation it is stated
that the maximum value of the quality standard of clean water is 4.0 mg/L. So it can be
concluded that the well water is dangerous for consumption.

4.3.2 Analysis of Chloride Concertation

Based on the results of the practicum data, there was a sample size of 10.3 mL
and a blank volume of 0.7 mL. In this test, there is a simple calculation, namely the
chloride level value is obtained from the volume of AgNO3 as the sample titrant minus
the volume of AgNO3 as the blank titrant, then multiplied by the fixed normality units of
AgNO3 and 35.5 and divided by the sample volume. Based on the formula mentioned
above, the chloride content in the sample water is 0.129504 mg/L, which means that
the sample water has chloride levels below the maximum standard value. Therefore it
can be concluded that the water is quite clean and good.

4.4 Comparative Analysis between the concertation obtained and quality standards
4.4.1 Manganese Concertation
Identify the relevant regulatory or guideline standards for manganese
concentration in the specific context. These standards can vary depending on the
purpose of the water, such as drinking water, industrial use, or environmental
discharge. Compare the obtained manganese concentration with the established
quality standards. Assess whether the measured concentration falls within the
acceptable limits defined by the standards. Berdasarkan peraturan menteri Kesehatan
RI Nomor 492/ Menkes/ Per/ IV/ 2010 yaitu 0,4 Mg/L (Warsyidah et al., 2019).
 Evaluate the potential impacts of the observed manganese concentration on
the intended use or environmental context. High manganese levels can have health
implications or adverse effects on aquatic ecosystems, depending on the specific
standards and guidelines. It is important to note that the specific quality standards and
regulatory requirements may vary depending on the country, region, and intended
water use. Therefore, it is essential to consult the applicable standards and guidelines
specific to your location and purpose to conduct an accurate comparative analysis
between the obtained manganese concentration and the quality standards. (Febriana
dan Ayuna, 2015).

4.4.2 Chloride Concertation

If the chloride concentration obtained is within the acceptable limits, the water
sample is considered compliant with the quality standards for chloride. If the
concentration exceeds the established limits, further actions may be necessary to
mitigate the issue. Evaluate the potential impacts of the observed chloride
concentration on the intended use or environmental context. High chloride levels can
affect water taste, corrode infrastructure, and have adverse effects on certain
ecosystems or sensitive species. Based on the Journal, the quality standard value is
600 mg/L based on the regulations of the Ministry of Health (Ngibad dan Herawati,
2019).
It is important to note that the specific quality standards and regulatory
requirements for chloride can vary depending on the country, region, and intended
water use. Therefore, consult the applicable standards and guidelines specific to your
location and purpose to conduct an accurate comparative analysis between the
obtained chloride concentration and the quality standards (Safitri, 2019).

4.5 Factors Affecting the Measurement of Manganese and Chlorie Concertation

Interfering substances present in the sample can affect the accuracy of manganese
measurement. Common interferences include other metals such as iron, aluminum, and
copper, as well as organic compounds. These interferences can lead to false-positive or false-
negative results. Careful sample preparation, including filtration or extraction methods, can
help minimize interferences. Contamination of the sample during collection, handling, or
storage can introduce additional manganese or other contaminants, leading to inaccurate
measurements. It is crucial to use clean and appropriate sampling equipment and containers,
follow proper sample handling protocols, and store samples in suitable conditions to minimize
contamination (Febriana dan Ayuna, 2015).
Regular calibration of the analytical instrument using appropriate standards is necessary to
ensure accurate measurements. Quality control procedures, including the use of certified
reference materials and participation in proficiency testing programs, help monitor and
maintain the accuracy and reliability of the measurements. Proper sample preparation
techniques, such as acid digestion or extraction, may be required to release manganese from
complex matrices. Incomplete digestion or inadequate extraction can result in incomplete
manganese recovery or matrix interference, affecting the measurement accuracy (Ngibad dan
Herawati, 2019).

4.6 Factors Leading to Manganese and Chloride Contamination in Water

Industries and agricultural practices can contribute to manganese and chloride
contamination. Industrial processes such as mining, metal processing, and chemical
manufacturing may release manganese and chloride-containing compounds into water bodies.
Similarly, the use of chloride-based fertilizers in agriculture can lead to chloride contamination.
Natural geological formations can contain deposits of manganese and chloride-rich minerals.
When water comes into contact with these formations, it can dissolve and carry the minerals,
leading to elevated concentrations of manganese and chloride (Warsyidah et al., 2019).
The materials used in water infrastructure, such as pipes and fittings, can contribute to
manganese and chloride contamination. Corrosion of old or deteriorating pipes made of
materials like galvanized steel or cast iron can release manganese and chloride into the water
supply. Natural disasters like floods, hurricanes, or earthquakes can disrupt infrastructure and
cause water contamination. Floodwaters can carry high concentrations of manganese and
chloride from various sources, including soil and sediment erosion, chemical spills, and
damaged storage tanks (Safitri, 2019).

4.7 Applications of Manganese and Chloride Concertation Analysis in Environmental

Engineering
Monitoring and analyzing manganese and chloride concentrations in water sources is
essential for assessing water quality. Elevated levels of manganese or chloride can indicate
contamination or pollution, helping identify potential sources and guide remediation efforts.
Analyzing manganese and chloride concentrations in drinking water sources is important for
determining the effectiveness of treatment processes. Elevated levels of manganese can affect
water aesthetics and may require specific treatment methods, such as oxidation or filtration.
Chloride levels need to be monitored to ensure compliance with drinking water standards, as
high chloride concentrations can impact taste and pose health risks for individuals with certain
medical conditions (Warsyidah et al., 2019).
Environmental engineers use manganese and chloride concentration analysis as part of
routine monitoring programs to ensure compliance with regulatory standards. Regular analysis
of manganese and chloride levels helps identify trends, assess changes over time, and detect
potential pollution sources. Overall, manganese and chloride concentration analysis in
environmental engineering provides essential information for assessing water quality,
designing treatment processes, evaluating environmental impacts, and ensuring compliance
with regulations to protect human health and the environment (Zahrah, 2021)
 REFERENCES

Adhani R, Husaini. 2017 Logam Berat Sekitar Manusia. Lambung Mangkurat University Press,
Pusat Pengelolaan Jurnal dan Penerbitan Unlam.
Attahdaniel BE, Ebisike K, Adeeyinwo CE, Adetunji AR, Olusunle SOO, Adewoye OO. 2013.
Performance Characteristic of Argentometric Method of Cyanide Determination.
International Journal of Science and Technology 2(10): 8-15
Chandra M, Irwan. 2018. Pengenalan dan Analisa Kuantitatif Spektrofotometer. Jurnal Aplikasi
Laboratorium 162-170.
Hamdani. 2014. Analisis dan Evaluasi Kontaminasi Logam Berat Mangan (Mn) dan Kadium
(Cd) pada Air Sedimen Serta Akumulasi Pada Rumput Laut Enchemma conomiull di
Perairan Amal Kota Tarakan. Skripsi. Jurusan Manajemen Sumberdaya Perairan,
Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan, Universitas Borneo Tarakan.
Idrus A, Ati EM, Harijoko A, Meyer FM. 2013. Characteristic and Orihin of Sedimentary-Related
Manganese Layers in Timor Island, Indonesia. Indonesian Journal of Geology 8(4):
191-203
Masindi V, Mkhonza P, Tekere M. 2021. Source of Heavy Metals Pollution. School of
Agriculture and Environment Sciences (70).
Musfirah, Rangkuti AF. 2018. The Lead Exposure Risk Due to Wells Water Consumption in
Code Riverside Community, Yogyakarta City. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat 4(3): 10-
15
Rosita D, Zaenab S, Budiyanto AK. 2016. Analisis kandungan klorin pada beras yang beredar
di pasar besar kota Malang sebagai sumber belajar Biologi. Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi
Indonesia 2(1):88-93.
Rusydi AF, Onodera S, Saito M, Loka Sm Maria R, Ridwansyah I, Delinom RM. 2021.
Vulnerability of Groundwater to Iron and Manganese Contamination in the Coastal
Alluvial Plain of a Developing Indonesia City. Article Sciences Applied (399).
Shukla M, Arya S. 2018. Determination Of Chloride Ion (CI-) Concentration in Ganga River
Water by Mohr Method at Kanpur, India. Green Chemistry and Technology Letters
14(01): 06-08
 ADDITIONAL REFERENCES

Febriana L, Ayuna A. 2015. Studi Penurunan Kadar besi (Fe) dan Mangan (Mn) Dalam Air
Tanah Menggunakan Saringan Keramik. Jurnal Teknologi 7(5) 89-102
Ngibad K, Herawati D. 2019. Analisis Kadar Klorida dalam Air Sumur dan PDAM di Desa
Ngelom Sidoarjo. Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia 4(1): 1-6
Safitri LD. 2019. Anlisa Kadar Klorisa Pada Air Sumur diDesa Dalegan Kabupaten Gresik
Dengan Penambahan Karbon Aktif Merek X. Karya Tulis Ilmiah. Program Studi
Diploma III Analisis Kesehatan, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan, INSAN Cendikia
Media, Jombang
Warsyidah AA, Syarif J, Abdullah C. 2019. Analisis Kadar Manan (Mn) Pada Air Kalau Alkali
Dengan Menggunakan Spektrofotometer Serapan Atom (SSA). Jurnal Media Laboran
9(1): 127-137.
Zahrah NA. 2021. Analisis Besi. Mangan, Tembaa, Klorida, dan Sulfat Pada Mata Air
Pegunungan diDesa Tongko Kecamatan Bardoko Kabupaten Enrekang. Skripsi.
Departemen Kimia, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas
Hassanudin, Makassar
ATTACHMENTS
ADDITIONAL ATTACHMENTS
ATTACHEMENT OF ACCEPTED PRACTICUM RESULTS