Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel and Copper in Acidic

Media Using Some Lebanese Plant Extracts

by

Leen Wajdi El Khatib

Thesis

Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of

Master in Chemistry

Department of Chemistry

Faculty of Science

2020
Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel and Copper in Acidic

Media Using Some Lebanese Plant Extracts

by

Leen Wajdi El Khatib

Thesis

Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of

Master in Chemistry
Department of Chemistry

Faculty of Science

Supervised by

Dr. Hanan Talal Rahal

Assistant Professor of Physical Chemistry

2020
 Abstract

Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel and Copper in acidic Media

Using Some Lebanese Plant Extracts

Corrosion is a major industrial problem that attracts corrosion scientists and material
technologists because it causes great economic and material loss. Acids are widely employed
in various industrial procedures such as acid cleaning, pickling, descaling, and petrochemical
processes to remove oxides and undesirable substances from metal surfaces. Corrosion
prevention or reduction can be done using inhibitors. Plant extracts contain heteroatoms and π-
bonds that permit their adsorption on the metal surface hence slowing down the corrosion rate
and acting as corrosion inhibitors.

The aim of this work is to study the effect of the leaves extracts of some Lebanese plants
including Fragaria ananassa and Cucurbita pepo L on the corrosion of mild steel and copper
in 0.5 M HCl solution. The inhibition action of these plants leaves extracts was studied using
electrochemical studies including open circuit potential (OCP), electrochemical impedance
spectroscopy (EIS), and potentiodynamic polarization techniques. Also, the effect of
temperature was studied and the activation parameters were calculated. Moreover, the
adsorption process of these extracts was studied by fitting the corrosion inhibition results to
the different adsorption isotherms. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and
Ultraviolet Spectroscopy (UV) were used to determine the major chemical composition of
these plants leaves extracts.

The results showed that the inhibition efficiency increases with the increase in the plants leaves
extracts’ concentration, but it decreases with the increase in temperature. Thermodynamic
parameters indicated that Fragaria ananassa and Cucurbita pepo L inhibited the corrosion of
both mild steel and copper through physical adsorption mechanism.

iv
 Table of Contents
Acknowledgement .......................................................................................................................

Abstract .....................................................................................................................................iv

List of Tables .......................................................................................................................... vii

List of Figures ...........................................................................................................................ix

List of Abbreviations ............................................................................................................. xiii

Chapter 1 .................................................................................................................................... 1

Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 1

1.1 Literature: ......................................................................................................................... 7

Chapter 2 .................................................................................................................................. 35

Experimental Techniques ........................................................................................................ 35

2.1. Electrochemical techniques for monitoring corrosion rates .......................................... 35

2.1.1. Solution Preparation ............................................................................................... 35

2.1.2. Electrochemical Studies ......................................................................................... 36

A. Electrodes ................................................................................................................. 37

B. Techniques ............................................................................................................... 39

Chapter 3 .................................................................................................................................. 41

Results and Discussion ............................................................................................................ 41

Part 1 .................................................................................................................................... 41

3.1. Effect of Fragaria ananassa and Cucurbita pepo L plants leaves extracts on the
corrosion inhibition of mild steel in 0.5 M HCl ........................................................... 41

3.1.1. Open Circuit Potential-Time (OCP) Measurements ............................................... 41

3.1.2. Potentiodynamic Polarization Measurements ........................................................ 42

3.1.3. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy ............................................................. 46

3.1.4. Adsorption Isotherms ............................................................................................. 55

3.1.5. Activation Parameters............................................................................................. 61

v
 3.1.5.i. Potentiodynamic Polarization Measurements................................................... 61

3.1.5.ii. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy ...................................................... 64

3.1.6. Mechanism of Inhibition ........................................................................................ 69

Part 2 .................................................................................................................................... 73

3.2. Effect of Fragaria ananassa and Cucurbita pepo L plants leaves extracts on the
corrosion inhibition of copper in 0.5 M HCl ............................................................... 73

3.2.1 Open Circuit Potential-Time (OCP) Measurements ................................................ 73

3.2.2. Potentiodynamic Polarization Measurements ........................................................ 74

3.2.3. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy ............................................................. 78

3.2.4. Adsorption Isotherms ............................................................................................. 83

3.2.5. Activation Parameters............................................................................................. 87

3.2.5.i. Potentiodynamic Polarization Measurements................................................... 87

3.2.6. Mechanism of Inhibition ........................................................................................ 91

Conclusion ............................................................................................................................... 93

References ................................................................................................................................ 94

Accepted Article .................................................................................................................... 115

Summary ................................................................................................................................ 116

vi
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