Crafting a literature review is an intricate task that demands meticulous attention to detail,

comprehensive research, and proficient academic writing skills. It involves synthesizing existing
scholarly works, analyzing their significance, and presenting a coherent narrative that contributes to
the understanding of a particular topic or field of study. Many scholars and students find themselves
grappling with the complexities of literature review writing, struggling to strike the right balance
between summarizing existing literature and offering critical insights. However, with the assistance
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There is also a third type called critical, but it is rarely used. Once you have your topic and have
accessed the literature, the next stages (analysis, synthesis and evaluation) are challenging. A
literature review chapter in a dissertation is of the main parts that should investigate the findings of
other researchers within the scope of the topic of the dissertation. A reference list does what the
name suggests, it lists the literature you referenced in the body of your research proposal. Use Quotes
Sparingly Some short quotes are appropriate if you want to emphasize a point, or if what an author
stated cannot be easily paraphrased. In the examination of each review article section we will point
out examples of how the authors have presented certain information and where they display
application of important cognitive processes; we will use the colour code shown below: This should
be one paragraph that accurately reflects the contents of the review article. If the review is a stand-
alone assignment for a course, the conclusion should suggest any practical applications of the
research as well as the implications and possibilities for future research. What are its most exciting
and promising areas of innovation. Make sure the sources you use are credible, and make sure you
read any landmark studies and major theories in your field of research. Another benefit of writing a
literature review is that it can help you to improve your research skills. Writing an Abstract for
Literature Review Before a researcher or an academic writer starts to become familiar with how to
write an abstract for literature review, one should first be familiar with what exactly qualifies as a
Literature Review Writing a Literature Review Writing a literature review is a very challenging task.
Figure 7.2 summarises the steps of writing a literature review. Add Links Send readers directly to
specific items or pages with shopping and web links. For social sciences, the reference list or
bibliography should be prepared in American Psychological Association (APA) referencing format.
While it contains key words found in the larger work, the abstract is an original document rather than
an excerpted passage. Wardrip-Fruin dan Montfort (2003) menyatakan bahawa golongan.
Development of the Literature Review Four Basic Stages of Writing 1. If there are conflicting
studies, why do you think that is. Write the review Thompson Writing Studio This link opens in a
new window Need to write a systematic review. Debates, conflicts and contradictions: where do
sources disagree. Here is a potential outline for your conclusion: Discuss why the study should be
done. Lit reviews can take many different organizational patterns depending on what you are trying
to accomplish with the review. Reporting new findings about the reasons for increasing economic
homogamy among spouses Gonalons-Pons, Pilar, and Christine R. Schwartz. “Trends in Economic
Homogamy: Changes in Assortative Mating or the Division of Labor in Marriage?” Demography, vol.
54, no. 3, 2017, pp. 985-1005. Sample Abstract 2 From the humanities. Use of this site constitutes
acceptance of our terms and conditions of fair use. This is not a comprehensive list of resources on
the handout’s topic, and we encourage you to do your own research to find additional publications.
Questions for Further Research: What questions about the field has the review sparked. Note that
more authentic thematic reviews tend to break away from chronological order. You will need to
synthesise several of your reviewed readings into each paragraph, so that there is a clear connection
between the various sources. PDF version of this title (4.5M) Disable Glossary Links In this Page
Introduction Overview of the Literature Review Process and Steps Types of Review Articles and
Brief Illustrations Concluding Remarks Related information PMC PubMed Central citations
PubMed Links to PubMed Recent Activity Chapter 9?Methods for Literature Reviews - Handbook
of eHealth Evaluation: An Ev. Some important questions to ask yourself are: What answers does the
existing research provide to my own research questions. For instance, first you would talk about the
British biological studies of the 18th century, then about Moby Dick, published in 1851, then the
book on sperm whales in other art (1968), and finally the biology articles (1980s) and the recent
articles on American whaling of the 19th century.
The specific goals were to investigate how outcomes are produced and, most importantly, how
variations in outcomes can be explained. Pick one of these themes to focus the organization of your
review. Make sure to read the abstract to find out whether an article is relevant to your question. I
would love to engage my study under your guidance from the beginning to the end. You Might Also
Like: 37 Comments Thank you very much. The purpose of a literature review therefore is to present
summaries and analysis of current research not contribute new ideas on the topic (making it different
from a research paper). Summarize and synthesize Remember to summarize and synthesize your
sources within each paragraph as well as throughout the review. It is still a good idea to compare
methodologies as a background to the evaluation. How To Structure A Literature Review (Free
Template) At a minimum, it should have three essential components - an introduction, a body and a
conclusion. And in an abstract, you usually do not cite references—most of your abstract will
describe what you have studied in your research and what you have found and what you argue in
your paper. Use a different row for each paper, and a different column for each aspect of the paper (
Tables 7.2 and 7.3 show how completed analysis grid may look). Feel free to ask questions or share
additional instructions. These gaps will be important for you to address as you plan and write your
review. University of Toronto Health Sciences Writing Centre. The literature review gives you a
chance to: Demonstrate your familiarity with the topic and its scholarly context Develop a
theoretical framework and methodology for your research Position your work in relation to other
researchers and theorists Show how your research addresses a gap or contributes to a debate
Evaluate the current state of research and demonstrate your knowledge of the scholarly debates
around your topic. We also provide practical tips on how to communicate the results of a review of
current literature on a topic in the format of a literature review. 7.1 What is a literature review. Be
specific and avoid making claims that aren’t directly supported by your research. An abstract of a
scientific research paper will contain elements not found in an abstract of a literature article, and vice
versa. It is advisable then to reformulate such quotes with your own words in the final draft.
Analysis: Involves critically evaluating and summarizing key findings, methodologies, and debates
found in academic literature. However, the same principle applies regardless of the number of papers
reviewed. Take notes that you can later incorporate into the text of your literature review. This makes
you wonder about American whaling methods during the time portrayed in Moby Dick, so you find
some academic articles published in the last five years on how accurately Herman Melville portrayed
the whaling scene in his novel. Lastly, and very importantly, you need to discuss the existing theories
that are relevant to your research aims and research questions. Types of reviews 1. Define your
research question 2. Some reviews declare that they have scanned the literature up to a certain point
in time, but given that peer review can be a rather lengthy process, a full search for newly appeared
literature at the revision stage may be worthwhile. Stancanelli, P. Weisberg, and X. Xu for insights
and discussions, and to P. Bourne, T. Matoni, and D. Smith for helpful comments on a previous
draft. The function of literature reviews What is the purpose of conducting a literature review. But
again, even before starting to work on your literature review, we need to look at some of the to know
what topic would fit to the type of methodology which you would be employing later on your work.
There is also a third type called critical, but it is rarely used.
Try to analyze the patterns, turning points, and key debates that have shaped the direction of the
field. Including material just for the sake of it can easily lead to reviews that are trying to do too
many things at once. Information systems researchers, among others, have contributed to advancing
knowledge on how to structure a “traditional” review. Nobody wants to have their reputation
damaged by a written literature review that contains plagiarism. When it comes to education, you
should pick up a topic that would be relevant and appealing to the audience, literature review topic
examples. The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, which is widely used
in the social sciences, gives specific guidelines for what to include in the abstract for different kinds
of papers—for empirical studies, literature reviews or meta-analyses, theoretical papers,
methodological papers, and case studies. A methodological scope will influence either the types of
documents in the review or the way in which these documents are discussed. Write in well-
structured paragraphs: use transitions and topic sentences to draw connections, comparisons and
contrasts. Naturally, you won’t always follow the plan to the letter, but without a detailed outline,
you’re more than likely going to end up with a disjointed pile of waffle, and then you’re going to
spend a far greater amount of time re-writing, hacking and patching. Conclusion: Summarize the key
findings you have taken from the literature and emphasize their significance Connect it back to your
primary research question How should I organize my lit review. Inclusion and exclusion criteria must
be established to help researchers eliminate studies that are not aligned with the research questions.
Reporting a new method for reprogramming adult mouse fibroblasts into induced cardiac progenitor
cells Lalit, Pratik A., Max R. Salick, Daryl O. Nelson, Jayne M. Squirrell, Christina M. Help Center
Here you'll find an answer to your question. Depending on the length of your literature review, you
can combine several of these strategies (for example, your overall structure might be thematic, but
each theme is discussed chronologically). You may analyze a book, an academic article, or any other
manuscript that has some value. Or, does is merely add more of the same thing being said. You can
use our template to summarize and evaluate sources you’re thinking about using. Lamb, Sandra E.
1998. How to Write It: A Complete Guide to Everything You’ll Ever Write. Do not use extensive
quotes as a substitute for using your own words in reviewing the literature. Key Takeaways An
abstract offers a succinct overview of the aims, results, and importance of your research. Usually,
they will be widely published as authors of their own original work, making them highly qualified to
author a literature review. You are a high schooler who deals with a literature review for the first
time. However, particularly in the social sciences, thinking about research problems from multiple
vectors is a key strategy for finding new solutions to a problem or gaining a new perspective. Most
lit reviews use a basic introduction-body-conclusion structure; if your lit review is part of a larger
paper, the introduction and conclusion pieces may be just a few sentences while you focus most of
your attention on the body. While there are numerous study on successful learners who are in control
of their. The goal is to provide readers with an overview of the purpose, methodology, results,
conclusion, and importance of this text. It is important to keep track of your sources with citations to
avoid plagiarism. I’m delighted coming to know you even before the commencement of my
dissertation which hopefully is expected in not more than six months from now. The literature review
chapter of your dissertation, thesis or research project is where you synthesise this prior work and lay
the theoretical foundation for your own research. This approach should only be followed if a clear
path of research building on previous research can be identified and that these trends follow a clear
chronological order of development.
We also provide practical tips on how to communicate the results of a review of current literature on
a topic in the format of a literature review. Different types of literature review Literature reviews
exist within different types of scholarly works with varying foci and emphases. Note that more
authentic thematic reviews tend to break away from chronological order. The purpose of an abstract
is to provide prospective readers the opportunity to judge the relevance of the longer work to their
projects. Open Google Slides Download PowerPoint If you want to know more about the research
process, methodology, research bias, or statistics, make sure to check out some of our other articles
with explanations and examples. Define(s) Eunson (1987, p. 67) defines motivation as 'what is
important. Writing literature reviews is a particularly important skill if you want to apply for graduate
school or pursue a career in research. Literature reviews also provide a solid background for a
research paper’s investigation. Writing the Literature Review: A Practical Guide suggests these steps:
Chose a review topic and develop a research question Locate and organize research sources Select,
analyze and annotate sources Evaluate research articles and other documents Structure and organize
the literature review Develop arguments and supporting claims Synthesize and interpret the literature
Put it all together What is the purpose of writing a literature review. Our methodology involved in
vitro testing of three newly synthesized peptides against a panel of bacteria known for high
resistance to conventional antibiotics. Validity -- are the author's arguments and conclusions
convincing. Division of Physiology and College of Bodily Schooling, College of Otago, Dunedin
9001, New Zealand. Once you have done this, you can begin to analyze and synthesize the
information you have found. You need to state that you will summarise the content of the selected
literature and will derive the research gaps. It’s achievable with writers who have gained a PhD
themselves. Usually, they will be widely published as authors of their own original work, making
them highly qualified to author a literature review. The main difference between introduction and
literature review is their purpose; the purpose of an introduction is to briefly introduce the text to the
readers whereas the purpose of a literature review is to review and critically evaluate the existing
research on a selected research area. Types of Literature Reviews What are the parts of a Literature
Review. In other words, a chronological review would have subsections for each vital time period.
For example, a review that examines literature supporting or refuting an argument, assumption, or
philosophical problem related to the research problem will also need to include writing supported by
sources that establish the history of these arguments in the literature. As for the common structure of
the literature review chapter, you should know that it includes an introduction, literature review topic
examples, main body, and a conclusion. There are various referencing styles, and non-compliance
with them might affect your grade. If you rely too heavily on one source, you may miss important
points that could be made by other authors. 4. Plagiarism Plagiarism is when you use someone else’s
words or ideas without giving them credit. Sort through other current bibliographies or literature
reviews in the field to get a sense of what your discipline expects. But there is still a lack of robust
research on highly visual platforms like Instagram and Snapchat—this is a gap that you could
address in your own research. In their rationale or justification for their research (what remains to be
done), they use the present tense. Assessing the contribution of papers that have just appeared is
particularly challenging, because there is little perspective with which to gauge their significance and
impact on further research and society. PDF version of this title (4.5M) Disable Glossary Links In
this Page Introduction Overview of the Literature Review Process and Steps Types of Review
Articles and Brief Illustrations Concluding Remarks Related information PMC PubMed Central
citations PubMed Links to PubMed Recent Activity Chapter 9?Methods for Literature Reviews -
Handbook of eHealth Evaluation: An Ev. Find models Look for other literature reviews in your area
of interest or in the discipline and read them to get a sense of the types of themes you might want to
look for in your own research or ways to organize your final review. Or it might trace the intellectual
progression of the field, including major debates.
For example, compared to 1991, in 2008 three, eight, and forty times more papers were indexed in
Web of Science on malaria, obesity, and biodiversity, respectively. We deep dive into the theoretical
framework (as well as the conceptual framework) and look at practical examples in Literature
Review Bootcamp. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.
This example shows how a literature review from a PhD thesis can be analysed for its structure
purpose and content. This change in political culture is apparent in Emperor Pedro I’s gradual loss of
control over the mechanisms of power. You can record the topics in the same box as before User 1 or
use User 2 box for the topic s under which you have chosen to place this article. While the study
focuses on one topic, harpoon technology, it will still be organized chronologically. This article has
been adapted into lecture slides that you can use to teach your students about writing a literature
review. But there is still a lack of robust research on highly visual platforms like Instagram and
Snapchat—this is a gap that you could address in your own research. NOTE: Most often the
literature review will incorporate some combination of types. How to Write a Literature Review: Six
Steps to Get You from. Mullins (1994) maintains that job enrichment came from. A literature review
is an overview of the topic, an explanation of how publications differ from one another, and an
examination of how each publication contributes to the. Results indicate that the majority of
systematic reviews in this particular area suffer from important methodological flaws and biases that
impair their internal validity and limit their usefulness for clinical and decision-making purposes.
Research Methods for the Behavioral Sciences 5th Edition Gravetter Solutions. You can emphasise
the timeliness of the topic (“many recent studies have focused on the problem of x”) or highlight a
gap in the literature (“while there has been much research on x, few researchers have taken y into
consideration”). A solution can be to involve a set of complementary coauthors: some people are
excellent at mapping what has been achieved, some others are very good at identifying dark clouds
on the horizon, and some have instead a knack at predicting where solutions are going to come from.
Information methodology seeks to identify the influence of. A rigorous example of one such review
in the eHealth domain is presented by Mickan, Atherton, Roberts, Heneghan, and Tilson (2014) on
the use of handheld computers by healthcare professionals and their impact on access to information
and clinical decision-making. Should I evaluate the sources in any way beyond evaluating how they
relate to understanding the research problem? 5. An abstract is a self-contained, short, and powerful
statement that describes a larger work. When the most up-to-date knowledge reaches such
audiences, it is more likely that this information will find its way to the general public. Depending on
the publication, an abstract should be anywhere from 150 to 250 words. All of this information must
be carefully crafted in 150 to 250 words. Which points do the researchers agree (and disagree) on. To
complete a literature review, you must decide on your topic, research academic databases, organize
your findings and write your review. By examining this historically important case, I clarify the
process by which movements transform social structures and the constraints movements face when
they try to do so. Links to other parts of the review (such as references, studies, tables and figures)
may not be included in the abstract. Notice that Falk and Mills weave references to other sources into
their own text, but they still maintain their own voice by starting and ending the paragraph with their
own ideas and their own words. Remember not to include any information you did not get from the
work being abstracted.
Read them to get a sense of the types of themes you might want to look for in your own research or
to identify ways to organize your final review. Here are examples of a descriptive and an
informative abstract of this handout on abstracts. In this study, we review the evidence and offer a
novel conclusion: the same mechanisms thought to mediate sleep-related memory formation also
operate during waking hours, particularly quiet wakefulness. Describe the relationship of each work
to the others under consideration. Methodological If you draw your sources from different
disciplines or fields that use a variety of research methods, you might want to compare the results
and conclusions that emerge from different approaches. Outline Recent studies outlined by Mullins
(1994) suggest that. It is important that in the case of MLA the non-consecutive pages are just added
by commas, as in- (Hillary 84, 26, 104). In this case, the purpose is to evaluate the current state of
research and demonstrate your knowledge of scholarly debates around a topic. To help you build a
conceptual framework for empirical testing (if applicable to your research topic). Thematic: If you
have found some recurring central themes that you will continue working with throughout your
piece, you can organize your literature review into subsections that address different aspects of the
topic. Conducting Research Literature Reviews: From the Internet to Paper. 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks,
CA: Sage, 2005; Hart, Chris. Basic Tips and Guidelines It would be more helpful to explain this with
a real example. Regarding context, consider the following: For example: Psychologists and
neuroscientists have long studied the role of sleep in the formation of new memories. While the
study focuses on one topic, the Internet’s impact on American presidential politics, it would still be
organized chronologically reflecting technological developments in media. This means we'll keep
fixing the work until the supervisor approves it. Use Evidence A literature review section is, in this
sense, just like any other academic research paper. It is often assigned as part of the research process
for a paper. Be selective Select only the most important points in each source to highlight in the
review. Most works on predestination look at the Protestant concept, with others examining a strict
orthodox Catholic interpretation. Examples of published literature reviews 7.2 Steps of writing a
literature review Analysis, synthesis and evaluation Analysis Table 7.1: Example of an analysis grid
Table 7.3: Sample filled-in analysis grid for research article by Ping and colleagues Synthesis
Evaluation 7.3 Writing your literature review Abstract Introduction Body of literature review
References references. This link opens in a new window Contact a Librarian Ask a Librarian
Definition: A literature review is a systematic examination and synthesis of existing scholarly
research on a specific topic or subject. LexiVibe: Virtual Reality-based Vocabulary Learning
Environment for Visually. Typically you’ll cover a few things within the theoretical framework:
Firstly, you’ll need to clearly define the key constructs and variables that will feature within your
study. However, if you are writing a review in the humanities, history, or social sciences, a survey of
the history of the literature may be what is needed, because what is important is how perspectives
have changed through the years or within a certain time period. There are various approaches to
organizing the body of a literature review. The body should give a summary and evaluation of the
present knowledge state in your area of study. Conclusion: Summarize the key findings you have
taken from the literature and emphasize their significance Connect it back to your primary research
question How should I organize my lit review. This will help to ensure that your review is well-
rounded and comprehensive. What function does a literature review serve within a thesis. Teams
Enable groups of users to work together to streamline your digital publishing.
In other words, you want to connect the dots between the different “things” of interest that you’ll be
exploring in your study. For example, linkages to or disagreements with other theories, questions
raised but unanswered, shortcomings or limitations, and so forth. So, what exactly is the purpose of
the literature review. However, some customers want to make the most out of service. To not be
confused with a e book evaluate, a literature evaluate surveys scholarly articles, books and different
sources e. Sometimes a literature review is written as a paper in itself. Umbrella reviews generally
adhere to the same principles and rigorous methodological guidelines used in systematic reviews.
Once you’ve got a full first draft (however rough it may be), step away from it for a day or two
(longer if you can) and then come back at it with fresh eyes. Does the research use established
frameworks or take an innovative approach. Your order will be completed by a writing expert who is
ready to evidence originality with reliable plagiarism-checking results. You’ll need to present a
critical analysis that addresses some (if not all) of the following questions: What have different
studies found in relation to your research questions. While it’s important to be concise, make sure
you’re not being vague. Body: Contains your discussion of sources and is organized either
chronologically, thematically, or methodologically (see below for more information on each).
Searching for eligible studies using multiple databases and information sources, including grey
literature sources, without any language restrictions. A literature review can also be a valuable tool in
identifying potential gaps in the existing research. In some cases, authors even include these section
headings in their abstracts. It might give a new interpretation of old material or combine new with
old interpretations. A review organized in this manner would shift between time periods within each
section according to the point made. The literature review usually comes near the beginning of your
dissertation. Key words and phrases that quickly identify the content and focus of the work. A
literature review is a type of paper that encompasses a critical summary and analysis of the most
important writings on a particular topic. Are all the key ideas, findings and trends presented backed
up by multiple sources. The content will look slightly different in each case, but the process of
conducting a literature review follows the same steps. Methodological If you draw your sources from
different disciplines or fields that use a variety of research methods, you might want to compare the
results and conclusions that emerge from different approaches. Demonstrates why a topic is
significant to a subject area. Don’t look back: After reading the entire work, put it aside and write a
paragraph about the work without referring to it. Even when paraphrasing an author’s work, you still
must provide a citation to that work. V. Common Mistakes to Avoid These are the most common
mistakes made in reviewing social science research literature. To validate this proposition, 10 SMEs
that switched over to a Cloud Computing IT infrastructure in the last 12 months or less were chosen
from various industries. Informative abstract: Abstracts present the essential elements of a longer
work in a short and powerful statement. Rather, the purpose here is to reflect upon gaps in the
current body of literature and to describe how and in what ways you anticipate your research will
begin to fill in some or all of those gaps.