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You can use it to discuss various theories, models, and definitions of key concepts. What types of
sources (books, journal articles, websites). Include each of the key concepts or variables you’re
interested in, and list any synonyms and related terms. You can add to this list if you discover new
keywords in the process of your literature search. Do not simply cite text and then give a basic
summary. Should I evaluate the sources in any way beyond evaluating how they relate to
understanding the research problem? 5. Therefore, there is a growing need for appraisal and synthesis
of prior systematic reviews to ensure that decision-making is constantly informed by the best
available accumulated evidence. Often this form is used to help establish a lack of appropriate
theories or reveal that current theories are inadequate for explaining new or emerging research
problems. The unit of analysis can focus on a theoretical concept or a whole theory or framework. If
you choose this strategy, be careful to avoid simply listing and summarizing sources in order. They
are commonly written in social and health science classes, but may be a part of any course in any
field. Seriously, do not bring these into the testing room. State the potential implications you expect
to emerge from your proposed study, Provide a sense of how your study fits within the broader
scholarship currently in existence related to the research problem. There are so many issues in
contemporary science that you could spend a lifetime of attending conferences and reading the
literature just pondering what to review. You might argue for the relevance of a specific theoretical
approach, or combine various theoretical concepts to create a framework for your research. A
literature review is a document or section of a document that collects key sources on a topic and
discusses those sources in conversation with each other (also called synthesis ). Writing a literature
review can be a daunting task, but with a little guidance, it doesn’t have to be. Finally, you can write
your literature review, drawing on what you have learned from the relevant literature. It is often
written as part of a thesis, dissertation, or research paper, in order to situate your work in relation to
existing knowledge. Here are several strategies you can utilize to assess whether you've thoroughly
reviewed the literature: Look for repeating patterns in the research findings. Correct my document
today Writing literature reviews can be quite challenging. Critically evaluate: mention the strengths
and weaknesses of your sources. Here again, if the same authors are being cited again and again, this
may indicate no new literature has been written on the topic. Social media, Facebook, Instagram,
Twitter, Snapchat, TikTok Body image, self-perception, self-esteem, mental health Generation Z,
teenagers, adolescents, youth Search for relevant sources Use your keywords to begin searching for
sources. Organizing the body Once you have the basic categories in place, then you must consider
how you will present the sources themselves within the body of your paper. Then you look up a book
written in 1968 with information on how sperm whales have been portrayed in other forms of art,
such as in Alaskan poetry, in French painting, or on whale bone, as the whale hunters in the late 19th
century used to do. The most interesting literature reviews are often written as arguments (again, as
mentioned at the beginning of the page, this is discipline-specific and doesn’t work for all
situations). Thematic Organization Group related studies by themes rather than chronology. Debates,
conflicts and contradictions: where do sources disagree. Always avoid paraphrasing (except on the
third free-response question where paraphrasing is acceptable). If your assignment is not very
specific, seek clarification from your instructor: Roughly how many sources should you include.
Much of the information used in an annotated bibliography can be used also in a literature review, so
you’ll be not only partially drafting your lit review as you research, but also developing your sense
of the larger conversation going on among scholars, professionals, and any other stakeholders in your
topic.
A rigorous example of one such review in the eHealth domain is presented by Mickan, Atherton,
Roberts, Heneghan, and Tilson (2014) on the use of handheld computers by healthcare professionals
and their impact on access to information and clinical decision-making. The second type of coverage
consists of presenting materials that are representative of most other works in a given field or area.
Moreover, you must also explain how multiple literary elements or techniques in the poem contribute
to its meaning, not just one like we saw in the 3 point category. It is highly recommended that all
JavaScript files should be compressed and minified as it can save up to 280.2 kB or 69% of the
original size. Here are examples of other sections, usually in the form of a single paragraph, you may
need to include depending on the type of review you write: Current Situation: Information necessary
to understand the current topic or focus of the literature review. The focus of a literature review,
however, is to summarize and synthesize the arguments and ideas of others without adding new
contributions. Use the key words in your question, as well as synonyms for those words, as terms in
your search. Cite this Scribbr article If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the
citation or click the “Cite this Scribbr article” button to automatically add the citation to our free
Citation Generator. To begin organising your literature review’s argument and structure, you need to
understand the connections and relationships between the sources you’ve read. For example, it might
be the case that there are mixed findings regarding the relationship between two variables (e.g., job
performance and work-from-home policies). If the review is a stand-alone assignment for a course,
the conclusion should suggest any practical applications of the research as well as the implications
and possibilities for future research. Purpose: It serves to provide a comprehensive overview of the
current state of knowledge within a particular field. This link opens in a new window Contact a
Librarian Ask a Librarian Definition: A literature review is a systematic examination and synthesis of
existing scholarly research on a specific topic or subject. History: The chronological progression of
the field, the research literature, or an idea that is necessary to understand the literature review, if the
body of the literature review is not already a chronology. Be sure to double-check with your teacher
or testing site to make sure that you are not bringing any additional prohibited items. Given this, the
purpose of a literature review is to: Place each work in the context of its contribution to
understanding the research problem being studied. How does the publication relate to other literature
in the field. The prompt points you in a direction and then leaves you on your own to select how
you’re going to get there. Some useful databases to search for journals and articles include: Your
university’s library catalogue Google Scholar Project Muse (humanities and social sciences) Medline
(life sciences and biomedicine) EconLit (economics) Inspec (physics, engineering and computer
science) You can also use boolean operators to help narrow down your search. For example, if you
are writing a traditional overview paper, you might structure your literature review like this:
Introduction: -Provide an introduction to the topic, and explain why it is important. -Introduce the
existing knowledge on the topic, and identify any gaps in that knowledge. -Explain how your
literature review will fill those gaps. However, only include what is necessary for the reader to locate
your study within the larger scholarship about the research problem. In this post, we’ll unpack three
essential ingredients that need to be woven into your literature review to lay a rock-solid foundation
for your study. That is, it represents a synthesis of the evidence that provides background
information on your topic and shows a association between the evidence and your research question.
These authors synthesized published articles that describe the development process of mobile health
( m-health ) interventions for patients’ cancer care self-management. The specific goals were to
investigate how outcomes are produced and, most importantly, how variations in outcomes can be
explained. Here is a sample paragraph from a literature review about sexism and language to
illuminate the following discussion: However, other studies have shown that even gender-neutral
antecedents are more likely to produce masculine images than feminine ones (Gastil, 1990). If your
assignment is not very specific, seek clarification from your instructor: Roughly how many sources
should you include. All the templates are available in easy to download Microsoft Word doc and
Adobe Acrobat pdf format right here Literature Review Template Sample tru.ca Download
Literature Review Template Example smumn.edu Download Literature Review Format kent.ac.uk
Download Literature Review Example Template aut.ac.nz Download Literature Review Template
Free cmu.edu Download If you have any DMCA issues on this post, please contact us. Does the
research use the usual methods, or is it trying something new. The scope of your review will depend
on your topic and discipline: in the sciences you usually only review recent literature, but in the
humanities you might take a long historical perspective (for example, to trace how a concept has
changed in meaning over time).
Javascripts take 408.8 kB which makes up the majority of the site volume. That is because the survey
nature of the literature review does not allow for in-depth discussion or detailed quotes from the
text. Try to analyse patterns, turning points and key debates that have shaped the direction of the
field. It can also help you to avoid duplicating work that has already been done by other researchers.
Usually, the reference list (or bibliography) is not included in the word count of the research
proposal. Historical literature reviews focus on examining research throughout a period of time, often
starting with the first time an issue, concept, theory, phenomena emerged in the literature, then
tracing its evolution within the scholarship of a discipline. A word of advice is to save the writing of
your abstract until the very end of your research proposal preparation. Rely heavily on the guidelines
your instructor has given you. However, if you choose this strategy, be careful to avoid simply listing
and summarizing sources in order. This will give you a better understanding of the author’s argument
and what to focus on in your own review. 2. Not critically evaluating the sources. Now, let's explore
some examples of literature reviews that can assist you in crafting your own. In the conclusion, you
should summarise the key findings you have taken from the literature and emphasise their
significance. This form of review is known as qualitative systematic review. Step 2: Analyze and
Select Sources In the second phase of your research, it is essential to carefully evaluate and select
sources that directly contribute to your research question. If you’ve followed the rest of the tips in
this post, listened to your teacher, read up on your literary devices, and done your homework, then
you’re well-prepared for this exam. Sometimes, though, you might need to add additional sections
that are necessary for your study, but do not fit in the organizational strategy of the body. These
studies were identified through a formal and systematic search in four databases between 2003 and
2013. Steps in Conducting a Literature Review A literature review is an integrated analysis-- not just
a summary-- of scholarly writings and other relevant evidence related directly to your research
question. Writing a literature review can be a daunting task, but with a little guidance, it doesn’t have
to be. How will you further your research as a result of the review. As described in Chapter 5, the
literature review provides the background to your study and demonstrates the significance of the
proposed research. For example, if you are writing for academics or researchers who are familiar
with the existing body of work on your topic, you may only need to provide a traditional literature
review that sums up what has been previously published. Simply put, empirical research includes any
study that involves actual data collection and analysis, whether that’s qualitative data, quantitative
data, or a mix of both. When you are assigned a literature review, you should always read the entire
work before writing your review. This step will help you work out the structure of your literature
review and (if applicable) show how your own research will contribute to existing knowledge.
Development of the Literature Review Four Basic Stages of Writing 1. You might argue for the
relevance of a specific theoretical approach, or combine various theoretical concepts to create a
framework for your research. Questions for Further Research: What questions about the field has the
review sparked. University of North Carolina Writing Center. (2018). Literature Reviews. Simply
put, your task here is to present a synthesis of what’s been done (and found) within the empirical
research, so that you can clearly assess the current state of knowledge and identify potential research
gaps, which leads us to our third essential ingredient.
The theoretical literature review helps to establish what theories already exist, the relationships
between them, to what degree the existing theories have been investigated, and to develop new
hypotheses to be tested. For example, adding the following code snippet into HTML tag will help to
represent this web page correctly in social networks. For example, it might be the case that there are
mixed findings regarding the relationship between two variables (e.g., job performance and work-
from-home policies). London: SAGE Publications; 2006. Pawson R., Greenhalgh T., Harvey G.,
Walshe K. Realist review—a new method of systematic review designed for complex policy
interventions. Teams Enable groups of users to work together to streamline your digital publishing.
What sorts of research methodologies have been used and how could these help me develop my own
methodology. As explained above, systematic reviews seek to identify causation. Sometimes,
though, you might need to add additional sections that are necessary for your study, but do not fit in
the organizational strategy of the body. For social sciences, the reference list or bibliography should
be prepared in American Psychological Association (APA) referencing format. Introduction PDF
How to Write a Literature Review This handout will focus on defining what a literature review is,
how to organize and synthesize information, and what the different parts of a literature review are.
Under this method, you would combine the recent studies on American whaling in the 19th century
with Moby Dick itself in the 1800-1899 category, even though the authors wrote a century apart.
Reading widely, of course, has incalculable benefits that will not only help you score a 5 on the test
but also strengthen your academic performance across the board. Does it really match up with what
you're trying to find out. The Research Proposal 83 Components of the Literature Review Krathwohl
(2005) suggests and describes a variety of components to include in a research proposal. For
professionals, they are useful reports that keep them up to date with what is current in the field. We
deep dive into the theoretical framework (as well as the conceptual framework) and look at practical
examples in Literature Review Bootcamp. To conclude, our main objective in this chapter was to
demystify the various types of literature reviews that are central to the continuous development of
the eHealth field. As such, it is important to know how to know when you have uncovered the key
conceptual categories underlying your research topic. If the same authors, books or articles keep
appearing in your reading, make sure to seek them out. Consider whether your sources are current
Some disciplines require that you use information that is as current as possible. Patsopoulos N. A.,
Analatos A. A., Ioannidis J.P. A. Relative citation impact of various study designs in the health
sciences. But, unlike the holistic rubric, the analytic model tells you exactly what to include in your
essay to earn maximum points. Give your interpretation of how and why certain developments
occurred. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering
your preferences and repeat visits. A literature review discusses published information in a particular
subject area. Literature reviews are written occasionally in the humanities, but mostly in the sciences
and social sciences; in experiment and lab reports, they constitute a section of the paper. Literature
reviews serve as a guide to a particular topic: professionals can use literature reviews to keep current
on their field; scholars can determine credibility of the writer in his or her field by analyzing the
literature review. This is because literature reviews provide an overview of the latest thinking in a
particular subject area. Methodological If you draw your sources from different disciplines or fields
that use a variety of research methods, you might want to compare the results and conclusions that
emerge from different approaches. NOTE: Most often the literature review will incorporate some
combination of types.
Many student writers struggle to synthesize because they feel they don’t have anything to add to the
scholars they are citing; here are some strategies to help you: It often helps to remember that the point
of these kinds of syntheses is to show your readers how you understand your research, to help them
read the rest of your paper. Doing a Literature Review: Releasing the Social Science Research
Imagination. A summary is a recap of the important information of the source, but a synthesis is a re-
organization, or a reshuffling, of that information in a way that informs how you are planning to
investigate a research problem. Given that you are presenting what the literature says about a field of
study, not what you think or believe, you must cite those authors that actually make and provide the
research evidence, theories, frameworks for practice etc. If you’d prefer to use an online resource,
make some flashcards over at Quizlet. Think about why this is important for your research. There’s
truly nothing worse than running around your school trying to find a room when a hugely-important
test is underway. Narrow your topic There are hundreds or even thousands of articles and books on
most areas of study. For example, if you are reviewing literature about inequalities in migrant health
outcomes, key themes might include healthcare policy, language barriers, cultural attitudes, legal
status, and economic access. This can lead directly into your methodology section. Note: You may
be asked by your instructor to include an abstract with your research proposal. However, it is also
important to acknowledge that researchers often find themselves returning to the literature as they
collect and analyze their data. This form of review is known as qualitative systematic review.
Summarize and synthesize Remember to summarize and synthesize your sources within each
paragraph as well as throughout the review. It allows for a comprehensive exploration of various
aspects without being bound by a strict timeline. How does the publication contribute to your
understanding of the topic. She is majorly involved in developing and reviewing online content plans
that engage and resonate with audiences. It should give a theoretical base for the research and help
you (the author) determine the nature of your research. Strong professional language and vocabulary
should be used. The literature review might give a new interpretation of old material or combine new
with old interpretations. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how
you use this website. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your
browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. So try and
narrow your choices down to two possible answers, and then choose the best one. Components of
the Literature Review 83 Components of the Literature Review Krathwohl (2005) suggests and
describes a variety of components to include in a research proposal. Depending on the methodology
needed to achieve the purpose of the review, all types can be helpful and appropriate to reach a
specific goal (for examples, please see Table 1).These approaches can be qualitative, quantitative, or
have a mixed design depending on the phase of the review. Interestingly, their research appeared to
be the first research to link individual resilience factors with community resilience factors. This
material may not be published, reproduced, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without permission.
The content will look slightly different in each case, but the process of conducting a literature
review follows the same steps. You need to make sure that you are aware of the debates and counter
arguments associated with your topic as well. How will you further your research as a result of the
review.