Title: A Comprehensive Literature Review on Dementia Care Mapping: Methodological

Considerations and Efficacy

In the realm of dementia care, the significance of employing effective methodologies cannot be
overstated. One such method that has garnered attention is Dementia Care Mapping (DCM). This
literature review delves into the methodological considerations and efficacy of DCM, providing
valuable insights for practitioners and researchers alike.

Understanding the intricacies of DCM requires a thorough examination of its methodology. DCM
involves systematic observations of individuals with dementia in care settings, aiming to enhance
person-centered care through tailored interventions. The methodological considerations encompass
various aspects, including data collection techniques, observer training, and reliability assessments.
Ensuring the validity and reliability of observations is crucial for the credibility of findings and
subsequent interventions.

The efficacy of DCM in improving dementia care outcomes is a subject of ongoing research.
Numerous studies have explored its impact on various domains such as resident well-being, staff
attitudes, and organizational culture. While findings have been promising, challenges exist in
interpreting results due to methodological variations and contextual factors. Moreover, the
sustainability of DCM implementation remains a pertinent issue for long-term care facilities.

Navigating through the extensive literature on DCM poses a daunting task for researchers and
practitioners alike. The abundance of studies, each with its own nuances and findings, can be
overwhelming to synthesize. However, harnessing the expertise of professional writing services can
alleviate this burden.

⇒ StudyHub.vip ⇔ offers a solution for those seeking assistance with literature reviews on complex
topics such as DCM. With a team of experienced writers well-versed in academic research, the
platform ensures meticulous attention to detail and adherence to scholarly standards. By entrusting
your literature review to ⇒ StudyHub.vip ⇔, you can expect a comprehensive synthesis of existing
literature, tailored to your specific requirements and objectives.

In conclusion, conducting a literature review on DCM entails grappling with methodological

intricacies and synthesizing diverse findings. While the task may seem daunting, professional writing
services like ⇒ StudyHub.vip ⇔ offer a viable solution. By leveraging their expertise, researchers
and practitioners can navigate through the complexities of DCM literature and glean valuable
insights for enhancing dementia care practices.
As part of the synthesis, we identified behavioral mechanisms underlying the process of decision-
making and looked at how the support of carers comes into play in making deliberate choices. There
has been limited application within dementia care. Of these agitation is the most common and
difficult to manage. Comparison with existing literature This review has attempted to examine which
interventions are being trialled to improve the detection and management of dementia in primary
care. The criterion for inclusion was that studies had to be of interventions aimed at improving
detection or management of dementia in primary care. Publications were excluded if they reported
on the diagnosis or treatment of dementia in anywhere but a primary care setting (for example, the
benefits of respite in long-term care facilities); if they related to a population outside the scope of
this review (for example, interventions for caregiver health); or if they were clinical discussions about
dementia diagnoses or care. It is worthwhile communicating via drawing and signaling because
talking may be the least effective way of reaching a person with dementia. Many of the studies
omitted to mention that power had been calculated or met, and some of the studies appeared to
neglect to analyse on an intention-to-treat basis. In quality-rating scales that consider double-
blinding as the central methodological issue, studies would lose points for failing to be blinded.
None of the seminar-based interventions was able to demonstrate any improvement in outcomes
measured. Lessig M, Farrell J, Madhavan E, et al. ( 2006 ) Cooperative dementia care clinics: a new
model for managing cognitively impaired patients. The most scary part for me is the impact that the
condition has on others now and in the future, and not that it has on me. I retired in late 2011 after
my neurologist and I concluded I could no longer do my job (evaluating psychosocial and medical
programs) well and I felt my own judgment would be questioned were I to continue to work. We
used the RE-AIM framework for a thematic process-analysis. Dementia Care Mapping (DCM) is
perceived to be valuable in dementia care and promising in ID-care. Dementia does not equal
Alzheimer’s disease which I do not have. Chodosh J, Berry E, Lee M, et al. ( 2006 ) Effect of a
dementia care management intervention on primary care provider knowledge, attitudes, and
perceptions of quality of care. This book reviews DCM’s past, present and future, its role in
evaluations, improving person-centred care, getting the most out of DCM and improving DCM
training, feedback and reliability. Design A narrative review of primary-care based studies. There is
evidence to support this, demonstrated by one study that found that the more personalised an
educational strategy is, the more likely is the chance of success. 39 However, a Cochrane review of
tailored interventions to overcome identified barriers to change, which examined 15 separate tailored
educational interventions, showed limited evidence for the benefit of tailored versus non-tailored or
no intervention. This was not replicated for assessments made by the person with dementia. Age or
level of cognitive impairment did not influence any ratings.Conclusion. People with dementia can
give assessments of their quality of life. One of the weaknesses of some of the studies reviewed here
is that the content of the intervention was not adequately described, making it difficult to deduce
how it affected the outcomes. The views and opinions expressed in this article are those of the
authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), or
the Department of Health. In understanding this discrepancy, the influence of age, extent of
cognitive impairment and activity limitation has been investigated. However, such family carers
receive little or no information on how to best provide support when there is a lack of capacity. All
available staff (94%) participated in DCM (reach). The terrifying part is that I know it will get worse.
Keywords dementia agency decision-making autonomy metacognition. It concluded that there was
no significant difference between intervention and control groups in the number of diagnostic
evaluations undertaken, the number of investigations ordered, or the number of cognitive tests
performed.
Chodosh J, Berry E, Lee M, et al. ( 2006 ) Effect of a dementia care management intervention on
primary care provider knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of quality of care. In contrast, facilitated
small-group learning and decision-support software proved to be effective educational approaches,
increasing diagnostic rates if not enhancing management or care, although it is important to be
cautious about this given the methodological limitations of these studies. Social Work Career does
not provide crisis or counseling services. However, outside insurance covered case management
could facilitate self-managed care. There are 580 posts on my blog which started in 2012 including
1000s of mind maps. Searches were carried out between May 2009 and February 2010. Or if you
look at some of my examples you could copy them. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet
faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to upgrade your browser. However, employing
additional staff to case-manage patients — often to assess, diagnose, problem solve, and monitor the
patient — assumes that GPs are unable to fulfil this role themselves. In understanding this
discrepancy, the influence of age, extent of cognitive impairment and activity limitation has been
investigated. It is worthwhile communicating via drawing and signaling because talking may be the
least effective way of reaching a person with dementia. This study conducted in-depth interviews
with 29 Dementia Care Mapping users to identify issues, concerns and challenges regarding the
secondary use of Dementia Care Mapping data. To see a larger view of each mind map as well as Dr.
Huba’s descriptive text, click on the map images. Three of the fourteen trials are still under way and
have results pending. Lots still there but there are some holes in completely random places. Or still
give drivers of the car I am in better instructions about how to go from point A to point B than they
have figured out but be unable to assemble Lego projects designed for 10 year olds (I can still
painfully put together those for 6 year olds). The PEDro scale was chosen because its assessment of
blinding is very relevant to empirical studies in dementia. The most scary part for me is the impact
that the condition has on others now and in the future, and not that it has on me. Aim This review
aims to identify and appraise empirical studies of interventions designed to improve the performance
of primary care practitioners in these areas. This means that all relevant studies may not have been
found, although in reality the lack of any substantive new studies identified on searching the
bibliographies from known articles suggests that this is unlikely. Please contact the editor for
permission to reproduce or reprint any materials on this site. Dalsgaard T, Kallerup H, Rosendal M (
2007 ) Outreach visits to improve dementia care in general practice: a qualitative study. It is fun; it
helps them think and remember better and thus improves their quality of life. OpenUrl CrossRef
PubMed Robert P, Schuck S, Dubois B, et al. ( 2003 ) Screening for Alzheimer's disease with a short
cognitive evaluation battery. Conclusion The quality of the studies varied considerably. Dementia
need not include memory loss for many, especially until it reaches very advanced stages. FTLD is
diagnosed 10-15 years earlier than Alzheimer’s. I’m so glad that you found this interview with Dr.
Huba such a helpful resource to share with both a caregiver and person suffering with dementia. Age
or level of cognitive impairment did not influence any ratings.Conclusion. People with dementia can
give assessments of their quality of life. How this fits in Primary care practitioners are ideally
positioned to detect and manage dementia, but it has been consistently shown in many countries that
this is difficult to achieve: barriers to detecting and managing dementia in primary care are well
established.
Conclusions: Our review will provide health and social care personnel with an understanding of the
role of the carer in the decision-making process, and therefore which mechanisms need to be
promoted or discouraged through training. Dalsgaard T, Kallerup H, Rosendal M ( 2007 ) Outreach
visits to improve dementia care in general practice: a qualitative study. NOTE: We only request your
email address so that the person to whom you are recommending the page knows that you wanted
them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. Vickrey B, Mittman B, Connor K, et al. ( 2006 ) The
effect of a disease management intervention on qualityand outcomes of dementia care. Saying
you’re “fine” is not the way to go as Dr. Huba so cleverly illustrates. For instance, the fact I cannot
recall your name or if I took a pill two hours ago does not mean I cannot recall what I read and some
of my term papers from college or high level mathematical equations from my career at the same time
as I cannot do a third-grade word problem. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you
are happy with it. Ok. Dementia Care Mapping is an observational tool in widespread use,
predominantly to assess and improve quality of care in single organisations. Callahan et al used a
collaborative care-management model over 12 months, giving patients and caregivers education and
support. 26 Results showed that the intervention group had fewer behavioural symptoms, but there
were no differences in cognition, depression, or functional scores in patients. Keywords dementia
agency decision-making autonomy metacognition. Cherry D, Hahn C, Vickrey B ( 2009 ) Educating
primary care physicians in the management of Alzheimer's disease; using practice guidelines to set
quality benchmarks. There have been trials testing interventions aimed at improving these areas, but
no general extrapolations have yet been made. Richardson J ( 2001 ) The Easy-Care assessment
system and its appropriateness for older people. The first was qualitative, used a facilitator to lead a
small-group session, and showed, in focus group discussions after the intervention, that there was
increased knowledge about dementia and increased motivation for self-directed learning. A
pragmatic, multi-centre, cluster-randomised controlled trial of Dementi. World Alzheimer Report
2016: Improving Healthcare for People Living with Dementia, Coverage, Quality and Costs now and
in the Future. At the end of the trial if you think it is worth it, buy it and see what free videos are
available and if you think it would be worth it to watch some. Initial screening of identified papers
was based on abstracts read by one author; full-text papers were further evaluated by a second
author. Whether case management designed to bypass existing services will be economically
justified, and sustainable when compared with enhancing the ability of GPs to provide a similar role,
remains to be investigated. OpenUrl ? Campbell S, Reeves D, Kontopantelis E, et al. ( 2009 ) Effects
of pay for performance on the quality of primary care in England. Remember too that this should be
a tax deductible professional tool in the USA (ask your accountant). Close this message to accept
cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings. Or do the mindmapping tools enable you to
address much of the memory problems and thus make dementia feel like a manageable illness.
Members of the intervention group were 40% less likely to end up in nursing homes than those in the
control group, but this difference did not achieve statistical significance. Aim This review aims to
identify and appraise empirical studies of interventions designed to improve the performance of
primary care practitioners in these areas. However, seminar-structured educational sessions did not
appear to enhance performance, a finding that has been corroborated by earlier non-experimental
studies. 30, 31 This finding supports the argument that this educational method is of little value in
changing complex professional behaviour or healthcare outcomes, 32 and in the authors' opinion no
further studies of this kind of intervention are needed. Dementia need not include memory loss for
many, especially until it reaches very advanced stages. Currently, the vast majority of information is
not relayed in ways that would be accessible to people who are with cognitive decline. As part of the
synthesis, we identified behavioral mechanisms underlying the process of decision-making and
looked at how the support of carers comes into play in making deliberate choices. In the last few
decades, GPs have undertaken more and more management of chronic conditions, many of which
are also complex; for example, asthma, diabetes, and ischaemic heart disease. 34, 45 Instead of
addressing barriers to high-quality dementia care, the introduction of specialist nurses could be seen
as an attempt to bypass barriers.
Richardson J ( 2001 ) The Easy-Care assessment system and its appropriateness for older people. The
PEDro rating scale of trial quality does appear applicable as a method to examine the interventions
studied here, because in these studies blinding of some or all groups of participants, therapists, and
assessors, would have been impossible. Chodosh J, Berry E, Lee M, et al. ( 2006 ) Effect of a
dementia care management intervention on primary care provider knowledge, attitudes, and
perceptions of quality of care. To avoid delays in the analysis and completion of the review, papers
that were not easily accessible were not included. Overall, the intervention group had more contacts
with physicians and nurses but there was no change in hospital or nursing home admissions. I find
that the method motivates me to engage with ideas and is a great way for me to organize them. My
published computer program in the late 1970s has been identified as the first automated program for
producing such diagrams, and although not called a concept or mind map program did produce
diagrams that were functionally similar. Conclusion The quality of the studies varied considerably.
OpenUrl Abstract Grimshaw J, Shirran L, Thomas R, et al. ( 2001 ) Changing provider behaviour: an
overview of systematic reviews of interventions. Or do the mindmapping tools enable you to address
much of the memory problems and thus make dementia feel like a manageable illness. This review
investigates whether these interventions overcome established barriers to the underdiagnosis and
suboptimal management of dementia in primary care, with the aim of informing the implementation
of the National Dementia Strategy. METHOD Search strategy A rapid appraisal approach was
adopted to inform the current implementation of policy. One way to understand the outcomes of the
interventional studies is to consider whether the interventions that produced positive results were
successful because they designed their educational session to tackle specifically-determined barriers,
or because they carefully chose the method of delivery based on established educational theory. A
detailed description of each intervention can be found in Table 2. Educational interventions There
were eight studies that evaluated educational interventions. I had been using modern mind mapping
methods and programs since the early 1990s. World Alzheimer Report 2016: Improving Healthcare
for People Living with Dementia, Coverage, Quality and Costs now and in the Future. Searches
were carried out between May 2009 and February 2010. This was a cross-sectional analysis of a
cluster randomized controlled study in 12 Dutch LTCFs that enrolled 288 residents, with moderate to
severe dementia assessed with the Reisberg Global Deterioration Scale (Reisberg GDS) and QOL
with the QUALIDEM. Oxman A, Thomson M, Davis D, Haynes B ( 1995 ) No magic bullets: a
systematic review of 102 trials of interventions to improve professional practice. Searches were
conducted in PubMed, Web of Knowledge, CINAHL, PsychINFO, EBSCO, and Scopus and
manually from identified articles reference lists. OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed ACOVE investigators (
2001 ) ACOVE quality indicators. O'Connor D, Pollitt J, Hyde J, et al. ( 1998 ) Do general
practitioners miss dementia in elderly patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev ( 3 ): CD005470. ?
Jedenius E, Wimo A, Stromqvist J, Andreasen N ( 2008 ) A Swedish programme for dementia
diagnostics in primary healthcare. Dementia need not include memory loss for many, especially until
it reaches very advanced stages. I’m not sure about what his particular type of neurodegeneration
disorder he has but perhaps he can shed clarity about this when he responds (probably tomorrow). It
found that while the overall care of cognitively impaired patients did not differ, the intervention
group's primary care physicians were more likely to give attention to caregiver education, patients'
decision-making capacity, and discussion about driving. 17 Finally, one intervention study sought to
improve adherence to guidelines on diagnosing dementia using educational seminars, outreach visits
from facilitators, or reminder letters containing the main recommendations from the guideline. How
this fits in Primary care practitioners are ideally positioned to detect and manage dementia, but it has
been consistently shown in many countries that this is difficult to achieve: barriers to detecting and
managing dementia in primary care are well established. Steve Iliffe is also associate director of the
coordinating centre for the Dementias and Neurodegenerative Diseases research network
(DeNDRoN), funded by the NIHR. Just don’t ask me to give it to you in a conversation or
understand your comment if you tell it to me in a social situation, especially if a radio is on or people
are talking in the background.
O'Connor D, Pollitt J, Hyde J, et al. ( 1998 ) Do general practitioners miss dementia in elderly
patients. How this fits in Primary care practitioners are ideally positioned to detect and manage
dementia, but it has been consistently shown in many countries that this is difficult to achieve:
barriers to detecting and managing dementia in primary care are well established. This will recover
all of the posts for such search topics as “social work” or “caregiver” or “financial” or “self esteem.”.
You can download the paper by clicking the button above. Comparison with existing literature This
review has attempted to examine which interventions are being trialled to improve the detection and
management of dementia in primary care. Letters were also excluded, as were publications in
languages other than English. I have high expectations that it’ll facilitate a much needed change in
perspective and help to relieve suffering. Major themes identified included the need to collect
complimentary contextual data in addition to Dementia Care Mapping data, to reassure users
regarding ethical issues associated with storage and reuse of care related data and the need to assess
and specify data quality for. None of the seminar-based interventions was able to demonstrate any
improvement in outcomes measured. Richardson J ( 2001 ) The Easy-Care assessment system and its
appropriateness for older people. In quality-rating scales that consider double-blinding as the central
methodological issue, studies would lose points for failing to be blinded. In understanding this
discrepancy, the influence of age, extent of cognitive impairment and activity limitation has been
investigated. The PEDro rating scale of trial quality does appear applicable as a method to examine
the interventions studied here, because in these studies blinding of some or all groups of
participants, therapists, and assessors, would have been impossible. However, outside insurance
covered case management could facilitate self-managed care. The first was qualitative, used a
facilitator to lead a small-group session, and showed, in focus group discussions after the
intervention, that there was increased knowledge about dementia and increased motivation for self-
directed learning. Five of these six studies measured whether the educational intervention would
improve detection and management, 15 - 18 while one focused on diagnosis alone. 19 Two of the
studies examined whether educational seminars or workshops would change primary care physicians'
diagnostic or management capabilities. This was not replicated for assessments made by the person
with dementia. Sizemore M, VICIOSO B, Lorthrop J, Rubin C ( 1998 ) Outcome of a pilot
dementia training program for primary care physicians. Mind mapping has helped me to learn new
ways to organize my thoughts, compare alternatives, plan, express myself, and remember a lot of the
day by day tasks I want to continue to do for myself as long as possible. Just don’t ask me to give it
to you in a conversation or understand your comment if you tell it to me in a social situation,
especially if a radio is on or people are talking in the background. All studies of pharmacological
interventions were excluded, as were studies of the performance of cognitive function tests. Or if
you look at some of my examples you could copy them. A good picture is the Cheese-heads who root
for the Green Bay packers. My belief is that studying art therapy and mind mapping would perhaps
permit us to begin cognitive interventions by combining the well researched area of art therapy with
mind mapping and sketchnoting. OpenUrl ? Campbell S, Reeves D, Kontopantelis E, et al. ( 2009 )
Effects of pay for performance on the quality of primary care in England. Level of impairment in
Activities of Daily Living had an important effect on quality of life ratings, with proxies, particularly
care staff, providing lower ratings when there was greater activity limitation. Remember too that this
should be a tax deductible professional tool in the USA (ask your accountant). The criterion for
inclusion was that studies had to be of interventions aimed at improving detection or management of
dementia in primary care. Yes, it is terrifying at times but mostly manageable. OpenUrl CrossRef
PubMed ACOVE investigators ( 2001 ) ACOVE quality indicators.
I have high expectations that it’ll facilitate a much needed change in perspective and help to relieve
suffering. Jansen A, van Hout H, van Marwijk H, et al. ( 2005 ) (Cost)-effectiveness of case-
management by district nurses among primary informal caregivers of older adults with dementia
symptoms and the olderadults who receive informal care: a design of a randomized controlled trial.
Yes, it is terrifying at times but mostly manageable. There is coggle (for example) which is free and
this 1 minute tutorial demonstrates how easy it is to use. Remember too that this should be a tax
deductible professional tool in the USA (ask your accountant). Apart from the small sample size of
these studies, some of the difficulties that were identified included the complexities around knowing
whether all barriers had been uncovered, how valid they were, how to prioritise the importance of
each barrier, and whether the barrier had been addressed by the intervention chosen. 40 The
interventions built around service modification showed positive results overall. Two independent
researchers screened the studies and conducted the quality appraisal. I probably could answer your
question the next day after I remember my ideas, but I have an extremely hard time finding the right
words to speak. I was fairly quick to recognize in 2010 that while my ability to speak and write was
becoming “disabled,” it seemed that I could diagram and remember and reason through diagrams far
better than I could through words. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage
your cookie settings. I am going to pull information from a lot of those posts plus additional
materials and create a new series of posts to answer your questions specifically. Dementia may also
be a secondary diagnosis for those primarily diagnosed with having another condition (a good
example is Parkinson’s disease). The criterion for inclusion was that studies had to be of
interventions aimed at improving detection or management of dementia in primary care. Design: A
systematic search was conducted on IBSS, MedLine, PsychINFO, EMBASE, and CINAHL.
Keywords dementia agency decision-making autonomy metacognition. This review investigates
whether these interventions overcome established barriers to the underdiagnosis and suboptimal
management of dementia in primary care, with the aim of informing the implementation of the
National Dementia Strategy. Whether case management designed to bypass existing services will be
economically justified, and sustainable when compared with enhancing the ability of GPs to provide
a similar role, remains to be investigated. It acknowledges and addresses the needs of the caregiver
and sufferer (often neglected elsewhere) with unique clarity and empathy. Although modifying the
service pathway and using case management can assist in several aspects of dementia care, these
would require the provision of extra resources, and their value is yet to be tested in different health
systems. dementia diagnosis case management narrative medicine INTRODUCTION Due to the
ageing of the population, the prevalence of dementia is rising. Perry M, Melis R, Teerenstra S, et al. (
2008 ) An in-home geriatric programme for vulnerable community-dwelling older people improves
the detection of dementia in primary care. Interestingly, as part of my dementia I can only remember
the last one or two I developed, and I have to go back and look at my list every time I start working
on them to make sure I am not being redundant. As with all comparative reviews, while each study
can be appraised individually, objective comparisons between them are more difficult because the
outcome measures were different, and there was extensive variation in the outcomes being measured
in the studies examined here. A number of interventions that added resources to existing services by
employing additional staff — usually in the form of specialist nurses but also voluntary sector
advisers — also showed increased detection and adherence to guidelines, fewer admissions to
hospital, and higher patient satisfaction. I discuss programs for the Mac (most also available in
identical form on the PC), iPad, and iPhone. OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed Boise L, Camicioli R,
Morgan D, et al. ( 1999 ) Diagnosing dementia: perspectives of primary care physicians. You can
download the paper by clicking the button above. Or still give drivers of the car I am in better
instructions about how to go from point A to point B than they have figured out but be unable to
assemble Lego projects designed for 10 year olds (I can still painfully put together those for 6 year
olds). Moreover, by rewarding concealment of allocation, intention-to-treat, and adequacy of follow-
up, the PEDro ratings are also recognising other internal validity measures even if blinding was not
possible. Cochrane Database Syst Rev ( 2 ): CD003030. ? Ballester D, Filippon A, Braga C, Baxter S
( 2005 ) The general practitioner and mental health problems: challenges and strategies for medical
education.